JP2006291866A - 圧縮着火式内燃機関の排気浄化装置 - Google Patents
圧縮着火式内燃機関の排気浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2006291866A JP2006291866A JP2005114406A JP2005114406A JP2006291866A JP 2006291866 A JP2006291866 A JP 2006291866A JP 2005114406 A JP2005114406 A JP 2005114406A JP 2005114406 A JP2005114406 A JP 2005114406A JP 2006291866 A JP2006291866 A JP 2006291866A
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- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- catalyst
- trap catalyst
- trap
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Images
Classifications
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- F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
- F01N3/0885—Regeneration of deteriorated absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. desulfurization of NOx traps
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
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Abstract
【解決手段】 NOX吸蔵触媒12上流の機関排気通路内に排気ガス中に含まれるSOXを捕獲しうるSOXトラップ触媒11を配置する。SOXトラップ触媒11が劣化したか否かを判定すべきときにはSOXトラップ触媒11に流入する排気ガスの空燃比をリーンに維持した状態でSOXトラップ触媒11を昇温させる。このときSOXトラップ触媒11から放出されたNOXの濃度をNOX濃度センサ24により検出してNOX濃度が設定値以下になったときに劣化したと判定する。
【選択図】 図1
Description
本発明は、排気ガスの空燃比をリッチにすることなくNOXの吸収能力を回復しうるNOXトラップ触媒を用いることによりSOXを放出させることなく十分なSOX吸収能力を維持することができ、しかもNOXトラップ触媒が劣化したか否かを判定することのできる圧縮着火式内燃機関の排気浄化装置を提供することにある。
図1を参照すると、1は機関本体、2は各気筒の燃焼室、3は各燃焼室2内に夫々燃料を噴射するための電子制御式燃料噴射弁、4は吸気マニホルド、5は排気マニホルドを夫々示す。吸気マニホルド4は吸気ダクト6を介して排気ターボチャージャ7のコンプレッサ7aの出口に連結され、コンプレッサ7aの入口はエアクリーナ8に連結される。吸気ダクト6内にはステップモータにより駆動されるスロットル弁9が配置され、更に吸気ダクト6周りには吸気ダクト6内を流れる吸入空気を冷却するための冷却装置10が配置される。図1に示される実施例では機関冷却水が冷却装置10内に導かれ、機関冷却水によって吸入空気が冷却される。一方、排気マニホルド5は排気ターボチャージャ7の排気タービン7bの入口に連結され、排気タービン7bの出口はSOXトラップ触媒11の入口に連結される。また、SOXトラップ触媒11の出口は排気管13を介してNOX吸蔵触媒12に連結される。排気管13には排気管13内を流れる排気ガス中に例えば炭化水素からなる還元剤を供給するための還元剤供給弁14が取付けられる。
このようにNOX吸蔵触媒12をパティキュレートフィルタ12a上に担持させた場合には、各排気ガス流入通路60および各排気ガス流出通路61の周壁面、即ち各隔壁64の両側表面上および隔壁64内の細孔内壁面上には例えばアルミナからなる触媒担体が担持されており、図4はこの触媒担体45の表面部分の断面を図解的に示している。図4に示されるように触媒担体45の表面上には貴金属触媒46が分散して担持されており、更に触媒担体45の表面上にはNOX吸収剤47の層が形成されている。
SOXトラップ触媒11の温度を上昇させるのに有効な方法の一つは燃料噴射時期を圧縮上死点以降まで遅角させる方法である。即ち、通常主燃料Qmは図8において、(I)に示されるように圧縮上死点付近で噴射される。この場合、図8の(II)に示されるように主燃料Qmの噴射時期が遅角されると後燃え期間が長くなり、斯くして排気ガス温が上昇する。排気ガス温が高くなるとそれに伴ってSOXトラップ触媒11の温度が上昇する。
一方、このように吸気上死点付近において補助燃料Qvを噴射すると圧縮行程中に圧縮熱によってこの補助燃料Qvからアルデヒド、ケトン、パーオキサイド、一酸化炭素等の中間生成物が生成され、これら中間生成物によって主燃料Qmの反応が加速される。従ってこの場合には図8の(III)に示されるように主燃料Qmの噴射時期を大巾に遅らせても失火を生ずることなく良好な燃焼が得られる。即ち、このように主燃料Qmの噴射時期を大巾に遅らせることができるので排気ガス温はかなり高くなり、斯くしてSOXトラップ触媒11の温度をすみやかに上昇させることができる。
この実施例では、SOXトラップ触媒11に捕獲されたSOX量を推定し、SOXトラップ触媒11に捕獲されたSOX量が予め定められた量を越えたときにSOXトラップ率が予め定められた率よりも低下したと判断され、このときSOXトラップ率を回復するために排気ガスの空燃比がリーンのもとでSOXトラップ触媒11の温度を上昇させる昇温制御を行うようにしている。
図11を参照するとまず初めにステップ100において図9(A)、(B)から夫々単位時間当り捕獲されるSOX量SOXAおよびSOXBが読み込まれる。次いでステップ101ではこれらSOXAおよびSOXBの和がSOX量ΣSOX1に加算される。次いでステップ102ではSOX量ΣSOX1が図9(C)に示される予め定められた量SO(n)(n=1,2,3,…)に達したか否かが判別される。SOX量ΣSOX1が予め定められた量SO(n)に達したときにはステップ103に進んで図12に示すような昇温制御が行われる。
図19を参照するとまず初めにステップ300においてSOX安定化、劣化検出処理を行う時期であるか否かが判別される。SOX安定化、劣化検出処理を行う時期であるときにはステップ301に進んでSOX安定化のための昇温制御が行われる。次いでステップ302ではSOX安定化のための昇温制御が完了したか否かが判別され、完了していないときにはステップ301に戻ってSOX安定化のための昇温制御が続行される。
図23および図24を参照するとまず初めにステップ400において図22(A)に示すマップから単位時間当り吸蔵されるNOX量NOXAが算出される。次いでステップ401ではこのNOXAがNOX吸蔵触媒12に吸蔵されているNOX量ΣNOXに加算される。次いでステップ402では吸蔵NOX量ΣNOXが許容値NXを越えたか否かが判別され、ΣNOX>NXとなったときにはステップ403に進んで還元剤供給弁14から供給された還元剤によってNOX吸蔵触媒12に流入する排気ガスの空燃比を一時的にリーンからリッチに切換えるリッチ処理が行われ、ΣNOXがクリアされる。
5 排気マニホルド
7 排気ターボチャージャ
11 SOXトラップ触媒
12 NOX吸蔵触媒
14 還元剤供給弁
Claims (14)
- 機関排気通路内に排気ガス中に含まれるSOXを捕獲しうるSOXトラップ触媒を配置し、SOXトラップ触媒下流の排気通路内に、流入する排気ガスの空燃比がリーンのときには排気ガス中に含まれるNOXを吸蔵し流入する排気ガスの空燃比が理論空燃比又はリッチになると吸蔵したNOXを放出するNOX吸蔵触媒を配置した圧縮着火式内燃機関において、上記SOXトラップ触媒は、SOXトラップ触媒に流入する排気ガスの空燃比がリーンのときには排気ガス中に含まれるSOXを捕獲し、排気ガスの空燃比がリーンのもとでSOXトラップ触媒の温度が上昇すると捕獲したSOXが次第にNOXトラップ触媒の内部に拡散していく性質を有すると共にSOXトラップ触媒に流入する排気ガスの空燃比がリッチになるとSOXトラップ触媒の温度がSOX放出温度以上であれば捕獲したSOXを放出する性質を有し、機関運転中SOXトラップ触媒に流入する排気ガスの空燃比をリッチにさせることなくリーンに維持し続ける空燃比制御手段と、SOXトラップ触媒が劣化したか否かを判定する劣化判定手段とを具備し、SOXトラップ触媒が劣化したか否かを判定すべきときには排気ガスの空燃比がリーンのもとでSOXトラップ触媒の温度が上昇せしめられ、このときSOXトラップ触媒から放出されたNOX量を検出してこの検出されたNOX量からSOXトラップ触媒が劣化したか否かが判定される圧縮着火式内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 上記SOXトラップ触媒から放出されたNOX量は、排気ガスがSOXトラップ触媒内を通過する間における排気ガス中のNOX濃度変化から検出される請求項1に記載の圧縮着火式内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- SOXトラップ触媒とNOX吸蔵触媒間の機関排気通路内にSOXトラップ触媒から流出する排気ガス中のNOX濃度を検出するためのNOX濃度センサを配置し、機関から排出されてSOXトラップ触媒に流入する排気ガス中のNOX濃度と該NOX濃度センサにより検出された排気ガス中のNOX濃度との濃度差から上記NOX濃度変化が求められる請求項2に記載の圧縮着火式内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 機関から排出される排気ガス中のNOX濃度が予め記憶されている請求項3に記載の圧縮着火式内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 上記SOXトラップ触媒から放出されたNOX量を代表する値として上記濃度差の最大値が用いられ、該濃度差の最大値が予め定められた値以下になったときにSOXトラップ触媒が劣化したと判定される請求項3に記載の圧縮着火式内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 上記SOXトラップ触媒から放出されたNOX量を代表する値として上記濃度差の積分値が用いられ、該濃度差の積分値が予め定められた値以下になったときにSOXトラップ触媒が劣化したと判定される請求項3に記載の圧縮着火式内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- SOXトラップ触媒が劣化したか否かを判定すべきときには排気ガスの空燃比がリーンのもとでSOXトラップ触媒の温度をほぼ500℃以上まで一時的に上昇させるようにした請求項1に記載の圧縮着火式内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- SOXトラップ率を回復するためにSOXトラップ触媒の温度を予め定められた期間に亘って予め定められた温度以上に維持する昇温制御が周期的に行われ、該昇温制御が完了した直後にSOXトラップ触媒の温度が再び上昇せしめられてSOXトラップ触媒が劣化したか否かが判定される請求項1に記載の圧縮着火式内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- SOXトラップ触媒に捕獲されたSOX量を推定するための推定手段を具備し、SOXトラップ触媒が劣化したか否かを判定するために排気ガスの空燃比がリーンのもとでSOXトラップ触媒の温度を上昇させるための劣化判定用昇温制御に加えて、SOXトラップ触媒に捕獲されたSOX量が予め定められた量を越えたときにSOXトラップ率を回復すべく排気ガスの空燃比がリーンのもとでSOXトラップ触媒の温度を上昇させるためのSOX安定化用昇温制御が行われ、該SOX安定化用昇温制御が行われる頻度に比べて劣化判定用昇温制御が行われる頻度が高い請求項1に記載の圧縮着火式内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- SOXトラップ率を回復するために行われるSOX安定化用昇温制御の回数が増大するにつれて上記予め定められた量が増大せしめられ、この予め定められた量の増大割合はSOX安定化昇温制御の回数が増大するほど減少する請求項9に記載の圧縮着火式内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- NOX吸蔵触媒が排気ガス中に含まれる粒子状物質を捕獲して酸化させるためのパティキュレートフィルタ上に担持されており、パティキュレートフィルタ上に堆積した粒子状物質の量が許容量を越えたときには排気ガスの空燃比がリーンのもとでパティキュレートフィルタの温度を上昇させることにより堆積した粒子状物質を酸化除去し、パティキュレータの温度を上昇させたときにSOXトラップ触媒が劣化したか否かが判定される請求項1に記載の圧縮着火式内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- SOXトラップ触媒とNOX吸蔵触媒との間の排気通路内に還元剤供給装置を配置し、NOX吸蔵触媒からNOXを放出すべきときには還元剤供給装置から排気通路内に還元剤を供給してNOX吸蔵触媒に流入する排気ガスの空燃比を一時的にリッチにするようにした請求項1に記載の圧縮着火式内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- NOX吸蔵触媒にSOXが吸蔵された場合にはNOX吸蔵触媒の温度をSOX放出温度まで上昇させ、還元剤供給装置から排気通路内に還元剤を供給してNOX吸蔵触媒に流入する排気ガスの空燃比をリッチにするようにした請求項12に記載の圧縮着火式内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 上記SOXトラップ触媒は触媒担体上に形成されたコート層と、コート層上に維持された貴金属触媒からなり、コート層内にはアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属又は希土類金属が分散して含有されている請求項1に記載の圧縮着火式内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
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JP3376954B2 (ja) * | 1999-04-30 | 2003-02-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置及びそのSOx被毒判定方法 |
US20010035006A1 (en) * | 2000-02-01 | 2001-11-01 | Danan Dou | Sulfur trap in NOx adsorber systems for enhanced sulfur resistance |
US7021049B2 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2006-04-04 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Vehicle sulfur oxide trap and related method |
US6803236B2 (en) | 2001-08-10 | 2004-10-12 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Diagnostic system for monitoring catalyst performance |
JP3945335B2 (ja) * | 2002-07-31 | 2007-07-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
JP4211426B2 (ja) * | 2003-02-18 | 2009-01-21 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気ガス浄化装置 |
-
2005
- 2005-04-12 JP JP2005114406A patent/JP4100412B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-04-12 WO PCT/JP2006/308164 patent/WO2006109889A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2006-04-12 US US11/596,987 patent/US7730719B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-04-12 CN CNB2006800006463A patent/CN100538035C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-04-12 EP EP06732071A patent/EP1760282B1/en not_active Not-in-force
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2008096687A1 (ja) * | 2007-02-06 | 2008-08-14 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
JP2008190445A (ja) * | 2007-02-06 | 2008-08-21 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
JP4656065B2 (ja) * | 2007-02-06 | 2011-03-23 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
CN101542084B (zh) * | 2007-02-06 | 2011-12-14 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 内燃机的排气净化装置 |
US8307639B2 (en) | 2007-02-06 | 2012-11-13 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust purification device of internal combustion engine |
WO2009008395A1 (ja) * | 2007-07-11 | 2009-01-15 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
JP2009030550A (ja) * | 2007-07-27 | 2009-02-12 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
US8276369B2 (en) | 2007-07-27 | 2012-10-02 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1760282B1 (en) | 2012-03-14 |
EP1760282A4 (en) | 2010-11-03 |
US7730719B2 (en) | 2010-06-08 |
EP1760282A1 (en) | 2007-03-07 |
CN101006253A (zh) | 2007-07-25 |
CN100538035C (zh) | 2009-09-09 |
JP4100412B2 (ja) | 2008-06-11 |
US20090071125A1 (en) | 2009-03-19 |
WO2006109889A1 (ja) | 2006-10-19 |
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