JP2006049768A - Cis系化合物半導体薄膜太陽電池及び該太陽電池の光吸収層の製造方法 - Google Patents
Cis系化合物半導体薄膜太陽電池及び該太陽電池の光吸収層の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chalcopyrite Chemical group [S-2].[S-2].[Fe+2].[Cu+2] DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052951 chalcopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 112
- -1 CIS compound Chemical class 0.000 description 30
- KTSFMFGEAAANTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Se].[Se].[In] Chemical compound [Cu].[Se].[Se].[In] KTSFMFGEAAANTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical group [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000807 Ga alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- HVMJUDPAXRRVQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper indium Chemical compound [Cu].[In] HVMJUDPAXRRVQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZZEMEJKDTZOXOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Ga+3].[Ga+3].[Se-2].[Se-2].[Se-2] ZZEMEJKDTZOXOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011090 industrial biotechnology method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IRPLSAGFWHCJIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenecopper Chemical compound [Se]=[Cu] IRPLSAGFWHCJIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】 CIS系化合物半導体薄膜太陽電池の光吸収層及びその製造方法に関し、Cux (In1-y Gay )(Se1-z Sz )2 からなる化合物でカルコパイライト型の構造で、組成比が、0.86≦x≦0.98、0.05≦y≦0.25、0≦z≦0.3で、且つ、x=αT+βで、α=0.015y−0.00025、β=−7.9y+1.105、但しT(℃)は焼成温度、xの許容範囲は±0.02である。セレン化法により、低温(略500≦T≦550)で製膜する。基板は低融点のソーダライムガラスを使用。
【選択図】 図1
Description
先ず、CIS系化合物半導体薄膜太陽電池1の基本構造は、図4に示すように、基板2の上に金属裏面電極3、光吸収層4、界面層(バッフアー層)5、窓層6及び上部電極7が順次積層された積層構造である。金属裏面電極3は前記ガラス基板2上に作製される1〜2μの厚さのMo又はTi等の高耐蝕性で高融点の金属である。光吸収層4はp形の導電形を有する厚さ1〜3μのCIS系化合物半導体薄膜、即ち、Cu-III-VI2族カルコパイライト(型)半導体、例えば、2セレン化銅インジウム(CIS) 、2セレン化銅インジウム・ガリウム(CIGS)、2セレン・イオウ化銅インジウム・ガリウム(CIGSS) 又はCIGSS を表面層とする薄膜層を有するCIGS等からなる。界面層(バッフアー層)5は透明で且つ高抵抗で、水酸化物を含んでも良いII−VI族化合物半導体薄膜で形成される。窓層6はn形の導電形を有する禁制帯幅が広く且つ透明で導電性を有する厚さ0.5 〜3μの酸化亜鉛からなる金属酸化物半導体透明導電膜薄膜である。前記光吸収層4と窓層6とにより、太陽電池の光起電力効果を発生するためのp−n接合を形成するが、光吸収層(p形)4の表面部分は、Cu、Se等の含有率が高く半金属の性質を有する低抵抗部分が形成されるため、光吸収層4と窓層6との間で完全に絶縁されたp−n接合を形成することができない。前記光吸収層(p形)4の表面部分の低抵抗部分を被覆するために、光吸収層(p形)4の上に透明で且つ高抵抗の界面層(バッフアー層)5を形成する。また、太陽光が光吸収層4に到達し易くするために、光吸収層4の上に形成される界面層(バッフアー層)5、窓層6及び上部電極7を透明な材料とする。
なお、Ga組成比yが13%の場合には、S/(S+Se)は20%であるため、前記従来(特許文献1)のCIS系化合物半導体薄膜太陽電池の光吸収層4Bとの組成範囲と重複することはない。
図3(a)に示すように、Ga組成比yが25%で焼成温度520℃の光吸収層からなる太陽電池1Eでは、焼成温度が520℃と高温であるためGaが十分に拡散しCu/(Ga+In)組成比が0.96近辺で変換効率が最適値となる。これに対して、Ga組成比yが25%で焼成温度500℃の光吸収層からなる太陽電池1Fでは、Cu/(Ga+In)組成比が0.88近辺で変換効率が最適値となる。
図3(b)に示すように、Ga組成比yが15%の光吸収層からなる太陽電池1G及び1Hの場合は、拡散させるべきGaの総量が減少するため、低温での焼成(500〜520℃)を行っても最適なCu/(Ga+In)組成比はGa組成比yが25%の場合と比較して高く保たれる。
以上の実験結果により、低温での焼成を行った場合でも、Ga組成比y、焼成温度T(℃)に応じたCu/(Ga+In)組成比で、且つ、Ga組成比yを低め(15%程度)に保ってCIS系化合物半導体薄膜太陽電池を作製すれば、Ga組成比yの大きい組成物を、低温焼成により作製した場合より高い変換効率が得られることが判明した。なお、前記焼成温度T(℃)は、基板温度の推定値であり、炉体温度−30℃を用いている。
x=αT+β(但し、xはCu組成比、yはGa/(In+Ga)で、且つ、α=0.015y−0.00025、β=−7.9y+1.105、但し、T(℃)は焼成温度、500℃≦T≦550℃である。)、xの許容範囲は±0.02である。
基板上に、金属裏面電極を形成した後、前記特許文献2又は3に示すような低温焼成によるセレン化法により、前記Cu、In、Ga、Se、Sからなる光吸収層を製膜する。
例えば、Cu−Ga合金層及びIn層からなる光吸収層の前駆体(プリカーサー膜)を下記組成比でスパッタリングにより作製し、これをセレン及び/又はイオウ含有ガスからなる雰囲気中で前記のような低温で熱処理することにより、前記組成の光吸収層を製膜する。なお、前記光吸収層の前駆体(プリカーサー膜)は、Cux 、In1-y 、Gay の構成元素からなり、その組成比が、0.86≦x≦0.98(好ましい範囲は、0.90≦x≦0.96)、0.05≦y≦0.25、(0≦z≦0.3)で、且つ、x=αT+βで、α=0.015y−0.00025、β=−7.9y+1.105、但しT(℃)は焼成温度、xの許容範囲は±0.02である。
1A 本発明のCIS系化合物半導体薄膜太陽電池
1A 本発明のGa組成比yが小さい(yが13%)CIS系化合物半導体薄膜からなる光吸収層4Aを用いた太陽電池
1B 従来のCIS系化合物半導体薄膜太陽電池
1C Ga組成比yが大きい(yが30%)CIS系化合物半導体薄膜からなる光吸収層4Cを用いた太陽電池
1E Ga組成比yが25%で焼成温度520゜Cの光吸収層からなる太陽電池
1F Ga組成比yが25%で焼成温度500゜Cの光吸収層からなる太陽電池
1G Ga組成比yが15%で焼成温度520゜Cの光吸収層からなる太陽電池
1H Ga組成比yが15%で焼成温度500゜Cの光吸収層からなる太陽電池
2 基板
3 金属裏面電極
4 光吸収層
4A 本発明のCIS系化合物半導体薄膜太陽電池の光吸収層(x=1の場合)
4A 本発明のGa組成比yが小さい(yが13%)CIS系化合物半導体薄膜からなる光吸収層
4B 従来(引用文献1)のCIS系化合物半導体薄膜太陽電池の光吸収層
4C Ga組成比yが大きい(yが30%)CIS系化合物半導体薄膜からなる光吸収層
5 界面層(バッフアー層)
6 窓層
7 上部電極
Claims (6)
- 基板上に、金属裏面電極、光吸収層、界面層(バッフアー層)、窓層及び上部電極が順次積層された積層構造のCIS系化合物半導体薄膜太陽電池であって、
前記光吸収層は、Cux (In1-y Gay )(Se1-z Sz )2 からなる化合物でカルコパイライト型の構造を有し、且つ、その組成比が、0.86≦x≦0.98、0.05≦y≦0.25、0≦z≦0.3であることを特徴とするCIS系化合物半導体薄膜太陽電池。 - 前記請求項1に記載のCIS系化合物半導体薄膜太陽電池であって、 前記光吸収層は、Cux (In1-y Gay )(Se1-z Sz )2 からなる化合物でカルコパイライト型の構造を有し、且つ、その組成比が、0.86≦x≦0.98、0.05≦y≦0.25、0≦z≦0.3で、且つ、x=αT+βで、α=0.015y−0.00025、β=−7.9y+1.105、但しT(℃)は焼成温度、xの許容範囲は±0.02であることを特徴とするCIS系化合物半導体薄膜太陽電池。
- 前記基板がソーダライムガラスであることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載のCIS系化合物半導体薄膜太陽電池。
- 基板上に、金属裏面電極、光吸収層、界面層(バッフアー層)、窓層及び上部電極が順次積層された積層構造のCIS系化合物半導体薄膜太陽電池の光吸収層の製膜方法であって、
前記光吸収層は、Cux (In1-y Gay )(Se1-z Sz )2 からなる化合物でカルコパイライト型の構造を有し、且つ、その組成比が、0.86≦x≦0.98、0.05≦y≦0.25、0≦z≦0.3であり、セレン化法により、低温により前記光吸収層を製膜することを特徴とするCIS系化合物半導体薄膜太陽電池の光吸収層の製膜方法。 - 前記請求項4に記載のCIS系化合物半導体薄膜太陽電池の光吸収層の製膜方法であって、Cux 、In1-y 、Gay の構成元素からなる光吸収層の前駆体(プリカーサー)の組成比がx=αT+βで、α=0.015y−0.00025、β=−7.9y+1.105、但しT(℃)は焼成温度、xの許容範囲は±0.02であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のCIS系化合物半導体薄膜太陽電池の光吸収層の製膜方法。
- 前記光吸収層の焼成温度T(℃)が略500℃≦T≦550℃の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項4又は請求項5に記載のCIS系化合物半導体薄膜太陽電池の光吸収層の製膜方法。
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JP2004232238A JP2006049768A (ja) | 2004-08-09 | 2004-08-09 | Cis系化合物半導体薄膜太陽電池及び該太陽電池の光吸収層の製造方法 |
KR1020077003112A KR20070055497A (ko) | 2004-08-09 | 2005-08-09 | Cis계 화합물 반도체 박막 태양 전지 및 당해 태양전지의 광 흡수층의 제조방법 |
EP05770451A EP1788636B1 (en) | 2004-08-09 | 2005-08-09 | Cis type compound semiconductor thin film solar cell and method for preparing light-absorbing layer of said solar cell |
DE602005019422T DE602005019422D1 (de) | 2004-08-09 | 2005-08-09 | Verbund-halbleiter-dünnfilm-solarzelle des cis-typs und verfahren zur herstellung einer lichtabsorbtionsschicht der solarzelle |
US11/659,880 US20070289624A1 (en) | 2004-08-09 | 2005-08-09 | Cis Compound Semiconductor Thin-Film Solar Cell and Method of Forming Light Absorption Layer of the Solar Cell |
CN2005800269290A CN101002335B (zh) | 2004-08-09 | 2005-08-09 | 太阳能电池以及形成该太阳能电池的光吸收层的方法 |
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EP (1) | EP1788636B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2006049768A (ja) |
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-
2004
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2005
- 2005-08-09 EP EP05770451A patent/EP1788636B1/en not_active Revoked
- 2005-08-09 KR KR1020077003112A patent/KR20070055497A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-08-09 WO PCT/JP2005/014570 patent/WO2006016577A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-08-09 CN CN2005800269290A patent/CN101002335B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-08-09 US US11/659,880 patent/US20070289624A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-08-09 DE DE602005019422T patent/DE602005019422D1/de active Active
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JP2011524270A (ja) * | 2008-05-30 | 2011-09-01 | コーニング インコーポレイテッド | 光起電性ガラス積層物品および層状物品 |
WO2012176589A1 (ja) * | 2011-06-22 | 2012-12-27 | 京セラ株式会社 | 光電変換装置 |
JP5627781B2 (ja) * | 2011-06-22 | 2014-11-19 | 京セラ株式会社 | 光電変換装置 |
JPWO2012176589A1 (ja) * | 2011-06-22 | 2015-02-23 | 京セラ株式会社 | 光電変換装置 |
WO2015005091A1 (ja) | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-15 | 昭和シェル石油株式会社 | 薄膜太陽電池及び薄膜太陽電池の製造方法 |
JPWO2015005091A1 (ja) * | 2013-07-12 | 2017-03-02 | ソーラーフロンティア株式会社 | 薄膜太陽電池及び薄膜太陽電池の製造方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2006016577A1 (ja) | 2006-02-16 |
CN101002335B (zh) | 2010-04-14 |
CN101002335A (zh) | 2007-07-18 |
EP1788636A1 (en) | 2007-05-23 |
EP1788636A4 (en) | 2007-09-05 |
EP1788636B1 (en) | 2010-02-17 |
KR20070055497A (ko) | 2007-05-30 |
DE602005019422D1 (de) | 2010-04-01 |
US20070289624A1 (en) | 2007-12-20 |
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