JP2005302390A - 炭素電極及びその製造方法、炭素電極製造用材料、並びに炭素電極を備えた色素増感型太陽電池 - Google Patents
炭素電極及びその製造方法、炭素電極製造用材料、並びに炭素電極を備えた色素増感型太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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Abstract
【解決手段】 金属元素を含有する炭素電極であって、TEMで観察したときに、金属元素を含む粒径5nm以上の粒子が観測されない領域における金属元素の含有量が、炭素に対して5at%以上である、炭素電極。
【選択図】 なし
Description
アンドレアス・ケイ(Andreas Kay)、マイケル・グレッツェル(Michael Gratzel),「ロウ・コスト・フォトヴォルタイック・モジュール・ベイスド・オン・ダイ・センシタイズド・ナノクリスタライン・チタニウム・ダイオキシド・アンド・カーボン・パウダー(Low cost photovoltaic modules based on dye sensitized nanocrystalline titanium dioxide and carbon powder)」,ソーラー・エナジー・マテリアルズ・アンド・ソーラー・セルズ(Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells),44巻,エルゼビア・サイエンス(Elsevier Science),1996,p.99-117
表1に示す原料、配合比で調製した混合物に、さらにエチルセルロース及びターピネオールを加えて調製した炭素電極製造用材料であるペーストA1〜Iを、石英ガラス板上に塗布し、500℃に加熱して炭素粒子を焼結して、厚さ20μmの多孔体からなる炭素電極を形成させた。形成させた炭素電極をTEMで観察し、金属元素を含む粒径5nm以上の粒子が観測されない領域についてXMA法によるX線分光分析を行い、金属元素の含有量を測定した。TEM観察及びX線分光分析は、分析電子顕微鏡JEM−2010FEF(日本電子(株)社製)を用い、加速電圧200kVで行った。測定結果は表1にまとめて示す。
(実施例1−1)
ペーストA1をガラス基板上に2回繰り返して印刷し、500℃で焼結して厚さ20μmの炭素電極を形成させたものを対極として、対向型の色素増感型太陽電池を作製した。作製した対向型の色素増感型太陽電池は、ガラス基板上に形成された光電極と対極とを、電解質を挟んで対向するように貼り合わせた構成を有する。この色素増感型太陽電池においては、光電極と対極との間に環状のスペーサ(厚さ100μm)を更に設け、このスペーサの内側に電解質を設けるようにした。すなわち、光電極、対極及びスペーサによって電解質が封入されるようにした。
η=100×(Voc×Jsc×F.F.)/P0 ・・・(1)
ペーストA1をペーストA2に替えた他は、実施例1と同様にして対向型の色素増感型太陽電池を作製し、ヒートサイクル耐久試験及び屋外放置試験を行った(図2及び図3)。
ペーストA1を2回印刷するのに替えて、ペーストCを1回印刷し、その上にペーストBを1回印刷した他は、実施例1と同様にして対向型の色素増感型太陽電池を作製し、ヒートサイクル耐久試験及び屋外放置試験を行った(図2及び図3)。
(実施例2−1)
実施例1と同様の光電極の半導体電極上に形成された多孔体層の上に、ペーストA1を2回繰り返して印刷し、500℃で焼結して厚さ20μm炭素電極を形成させた。そして、この炭素電極と他のガラス基板とを、電解質を挟んで対向するように貼り合わせた構成を有する3層セル型の色素増感型を作製した。ここで、この3層セル型の色素増感型太陽電池においては、炭素電極と他のガラス基板との間に環状のスペーサ(厚さ100μm)を更に設け、このスペーサの内側に電解質を設けるようにした。すなわち、炭素電極、ガラス基板びスペーサによって電解質が封入されるようにした。なお、半導体電極には実施例1と同様に増感色素を吸着させ、電解質は実施例1と同様のものを用い、多孔体層内部にも同様の電解質を充填した。作製した3層セル型の色素増感型太陽電池について、実施例1と同様にしてヒートサイクル耐久試験(−40℃〜90℃)及び屋外放置試験を行った。ヒートサイクル耐久試験の結果を図4に、屋外放置試験の結果を図5にそれぞれ示す。また、焼結後の炭素電極をTiCl3水溶液に浸漬したところ、炭素電極の剥離等は認められなかった。
ペーストA1をペーストA2に替えた他は、実施例2−1と同様にして3層セル型の色素増感型太陽電池を作製し、ヒートサイクル耐久試験及び屋外放置試験を行った(図4及び図5)。また、焼結後の炭素電極を、TiCl3水溶液に浸漬したところ、炭素電極の剥離等は認められなかった。
ペーストA1を3回繰り返して印刷し、炭素電極の厚さを30μmとした他は、実施例2−1と同様にして3層セル型の色素増感型太陽電池を作製し、ヒートサイクル耐久試験及び屋外放置試験を行った(図4及び図5)。また、焼結後の炭素電極を、TiCl3水溶液に浸漬したところ、炭素電極の剥離等は認められなかった。
ペーストA1をペーストBに替え、実施例2−1と同様にして炭素電極を形成させた。しかし、焼結後の炭素電極をTiCl3水溶液に浸漬したところ、炭素電極の剥離が生じたため、色素増感型太陽電池を作製することができなかった。
ペーストA1をペーストCに替えた他は、実施例2−1と同様にして3層セル型の色素増感型太陽電池を作製し、ヒートサイクル耐久試験及び屋外放置試験を行った(図4及び図5)。
ペーストA1を2回印刷するのに替えて、ペーストCを1回印刷し、その上にペーストBを1回印刷した他は、実施例2−1と同様にして3層セル型の色素増感型太陽電池を作製し、ヒートサイクル耐久試験及び屋外放置試験を行った(図4及び図5)。変換効率の低下は比較的小さいものの、試験の際に炭素粉末の浮遊が認められたことから、電池の短絡等の発生が懸念される。このような炭素粉末の浮遊は、実施例2−1、2−2及び3では見られないものであった。
ペーストA1をペーストDに替えた他は、実施例2−1と同様にして3層セル型の色素増感型太陽電池を作製し、ヒートサイクル耐久試験及び屋外放置試験を行った(図6及び図7)。
ペーストA1を印刷するのに替えて、表1に示すペーストFを1回印刷し、その上に表1に示すペーストEを1回印刷した他は、実施例2−1と同様にして3層セル型の色素増感型太陽電池を作製し、ヒートサイクル耐久試験及び屋外放置試験を行った(図6及び図7)。
ペーストA1をペーストGに替えた他は、実施例2−1と同様にして3層セル型の色素増感型太陽電池を作製し、ヒートサイクル耐久試験及び屋外放置試験を行った(図8及び図9)。
ペーストA1を2回印刷するのに替えて、ペーストFを1回印刷し、その上にペーストEを1回印刷した他は、実施例2−1と同様にして3層セル型の色素増感型太陽電池を作製し、ヒートサイクル耐久試験及び屋外放置試験を行った(図8及び図9)。
Claims (7)
- 金属元素を含有する炭素電極であって、
TEMで観察したときに、前記金属元素を含む粒径5nm以上の粒子が観測されない領域における前記金属元素の含有量が、炭素に対して5at%以上である、炭素電極。 - 前記金属元素の含有量が7at%以上である、請求項1に記載の炭素電極。
- 前記金属元素が、Ti、Sn及びZnからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項1又は2に記載の炭素電極。
- 炭素粒子と、有機金属化合物又は金属塩とを含有する炭素電極製造用材料。
- 前記有機金属化合物又は前記金属塩が、Ti、Sn及びZnからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属元素を有する、請求項4に記載の炭素電極製造用材料。
- 請求項4又は5に記載の炭素電極製造用材料に含まれる前記炭素粒子を、互いに結合させて炭素電極を形成する、炭素電極の製造方法。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の炭素電極を有する対極を備える、色素増感型太陽電池。
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WO2012124988A2 (ko) * | 2011-03-15 | 2012-09-20 | 국립대학법인 울산과학기술대학교 산학협력단 | 그래핀 및 금속 하이브리드 필름을 포함하는 염료감응형 태양전지용 상대전극 및 이를 포함하는 염료감응형 태양전지 |
KR101297885B1 (ko) * | 2011-03-15 | 2013-08-19 | 국립대학법인 울산과학기술대학교 산학협력단 | 그래핀 및 금속 하이브리드 필름을 포함하는 염료감응형 태양전지용 상대전극 및 이를 포함하는 염료감응형 태양전지 |
JP2013196948A (ja) * | 2012-03-21 | 2013-09-30 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | 正極セパレータ一体型電極及び光電変換素子 |
KR101447618B1 (ko) * | 2012-04-20 | 2014-10-10 | 재단법인대구경북과학기술원 | 광감응 태양전지 및 그의 제조방법 |
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WO2012124988A2 (ko) * | 2011-03-15 | 2012-09-20 | 국립대학법인 울산과학기술대학교 산학협력단 | 그래핀 및 금속 하이브리드 필름을 포함하는 염료감응형 태양전지용 상대전극 및 이를 포함하는 염료감응형 태양전지 |
WO2012124988A3 (ko) * | 2011-03-15 | 2012-12-27 | 국립대학법인 울산과학기술대학교 산학협력단 | 그래핀 및 금속 하이브리드 필름을 포함하는 염료감응형 태양전지용 상대전극 및 이를 포함하는 염료감응형 태양전지 |
KR101297885B1 (ko) * | 2011-03-15 | 2013-08-19 | 국립대학법인 울산과학기술대학교 산학협력단 | 그래핀 및 금속 하이브리드 필름을 포함하는 염료감응형 태양전지용 상대전극 및 이를 포함하는 염료감응형 태양전지 |
JP2013196948A (ja) * | 2012-03-21 | 2013-09-30 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | 正極セパレータ一体型電極及び光電変換素子 |
KR101447618B1 (ko) * | 2012-04-20 | 2014-10-10 | 재단법인대구경북과학기술원 | 광감응 태양전지 및 그의 제조방법 |
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