JP2004097082A - Method for promoting flowering in flowering plant - Google Patents

Method for promoting flowering in flowering plant Download PDF

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JP2004097082A
JP2004097082A JP2002262933A JP2002262933A JP2004097082A JP 2004097082 A JP2004097082 A JP 2004097082A JP 2002262933 A JP2002262933 A JP 2002262933A JP 2002262933 A JP2002262933 A JP 2002262933A JP 2004097082 A JP2004097082 A JP 2004097082A
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Prior art keywords
flowering
light
plant
light source
wavelength
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JP4123875B2 (en
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Junji Harada
原田 順二
Yasuhiro Mori
森 康裕
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Stanley Electric Co Ltd
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Stanley Electric Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve problems that in a conventional method for promoting flowering, since sunshine hours are covered by a fluorescent light besides natural light, false recognition of season by a flowering plant is promoted, only fine adjustment of a flowering date is carried out, power consumption is increased and cost is risen. <P>SOLUTION: The method for promoting flowering in a flowering plant comprises screening an outdoor daylight after a plant geminates and reaches about 1.5 g live weight, irradiates the plant by using a light source having 500-525 nm peak wavelength with the quantity of light of the light source 2 of an approximately blue green light having 15-200 μmol/m<SP>2</SP>s photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) on the surface of the plant at least corresponding to photoperiod of the plant. In this manner, the range of light wavelength associated with only the promotion of flowering is specified, irradiation only in the wavelength range is performed so that promotion efficiency is raised and revolutionary promotion effect is obtained. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、例えば菊、秋桜、カーネーション、撫子、チューリップ、薔薇など花卉において、開花時期を早めたり、季節によることなく開花を行わせたり、あるいは、所望の日時に開花を行わせるなどを可能とする開花促進方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来のこの種の開花促進方法としては、長日処理、短日処理が知られている。例えば一日の日照時間が短くなる秋季に開花する菊などにおいては、長日処理を行うことで開花時期を遅らせることが可能となる。また、一日の日照時間が長くなる春季に開花するカーネーションなどでは長日処理を行うことで開花時期を早めることが可能となる。そして、長日処理は、通常夜間の白熱電球、蛍光灯などの点灯などにより行われている。また、温室などにより温度調整を行う方法、開花促進剤など薬品による方法も存在する。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記した長日処理は、夜間の照明装置の点灯など比較的に安易な方法で実施することが可能であるが、短日処理は例えば温室全体を黒幕で覆い外光を遮蔽するなど、非常に大がかりなものとなり、現実的には実施困難となる問題点を生じている。また、前記光源は比較的に広い波長領域を有しているものが多く、花卉に対して一方では開花を促進する作用を奏する波長を含むと共に、他方では開花を抑制する作用を奏する波長を含むことが往々である。
【0004】
したがって、作用的には開花時期の微調整程度の効果しか得られず、例えば、季節外に開花させ市場に供給をするなどは、相当に大規模の設備を整えない限りには現実には不可能であるのが実情である。また、上記のように光源には開花を抑制する作用を有する波長、あるいは、枝葉の徒長を促す作用を有する波長などを含むことで、得ようとする効果に対する効率が低く、投入電力が多大となる問題点、あるいは、得られる樹形などが所望のものとならず商品価値が低下する問題点なども生じている。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、前記した課題を解決するための具体的手段として、植物が発芽し生体重が約1.5gに達した後に、外光を遮り、ピーク波長500〜525nmの光源で、かつ、前記光源の光量が植物の表面で光合成光量子束密度(PPFD)が15〜200μmol/m・sとした略青緑光を、少なくとも当該の植物の日長に対応して照射することを特徴とする花卉における開花促進方法を提供することで課題を解決するものである。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
つぎに、本発明を図に示す実施形態に基づいて詳細に説明する。図1は本発明に係る開花促進方法を模式的に示すものであり、図中に符号1で示すものは恒温槽である。この恒温槽1としては、植物が生長するのに適する環境である20℃〜25℃を維持できるものであり、かつ、外光に対する遮光性を有すれば良いものであるので、一般家庭の居室程度の環境条件を整えれば充分である。
【0007】
そして、前記恒温槽1内に苗床などを用意し種蒔きを行い花卉10を発芽させる。尚、このときには、前記恒温槽1内は遮光を行う必要はなく、外光などが入射する状態であっても良いものである。また、発芽してから生体重が約1.5g(概ね、葉が5乃至6枚程度なった時点)となってから、外光を遮光し、ピーク波長500〜520nmの波長を有する光源2による照射を開始する。
【0008】
ここで、前記光源2の構成について説明を行えば、この光源2は、上記の波長の範囲の光を発するものであれば、例えば白熱電球、蛍光灯、メタルハライド放電灯(HIDランプ)などに適宜なフィルターを装着したものであっても、開花の促進という目的に対しては効果に差異を生じるものではない。
【0009】
しかしながら、フィルターを装着するということは、不要な波長を除去すべく行われるものであるので、除去された波長を生じさせるために用いられたエネルギーは、全くの無効分となってしまう。したがって、供給されたエネルギーに対して上記記載の範囲の波長範囲のみを発光する単色発光の光源がエネルギー効率的には格段に有利であり、本発明においては、原則としては略青緑色の発光を行うLEDランプを光源2として採用するものとしている。
【0010】
更に加えて、本発明では前記光源2から発せられる光量に対しても検討を行うものであり、発明者は様々な光量を花卉に与え成長の度合いを測定した。その結果、光量は葉の表面で光合成有効光量子束密度(PPFD)が15〜200μmol/m・sの範囲が適切であると設定した。
【0011】
その理由は、光合成有効光量子束密度(PPFD)が15μmol/m・s以下では光を照射したことによる顕著な作用は認められず、また、光合成有効光量子束密度(PPFD)を200μmol/m・s以上としたときには、光量を増加したことによるより以上の促進効果が現れなかった、言い換えれば促進効果に飽和を生じたからである。ちなみに、太陽光の光合成有効光量子束密度(PPFD)は最低500μmol/m・sである。
【0012】
以上の検討から、本発明では光合成有効光量子束密度(PPFD)の有効範囲を特定できたことで、実際に育成を行うときのエネルギー使用量を必要最低限のものとして設定でき、即ち、コストダウンに有効である。また、上記のように必要な光量が明確となれば、必要なLEDランプ(光源2)の必要数も明確に設定でき、この面でもコストダウンに有効となる。
【0013】
ここで、前記光源2を点灯させる時間は、目的とする花卉のそれぞれの特性に対応させるものであり、短日植物としては、例えば朝顔、菊、秋桜、ポインセチア、ダリア、サルビア、トレニアなどが知られ、長日植物としては、アスター、カーネーション、ベチュニア、桔梗、撫子、大根、麦などが知られ、中性(中日)植物としては、チューリップ、水仙、シクラメン、百合、薔薇、ゼラニウム、ベゴニア、タンポポ、トマト、キュウリなどが知られている。
【0014】
また、本発明は組織培養にように、成長点や葉を細かく切って培地に植え付けるクローン増殖の場合にも適用可能であり、この場合には前記光源2による照射は培地に植え付けた時点から、直ちに開始する。尚、その他の条件に関しては上記の実施形態と同様でよい。
【0015】
【表1】

Figure 2004097082
【0016】
表1は、本発明を成すための発明者による実験の結果を示すものであり、花卉としてはトレニアを選定し、組織培養を用いて各条件が一定となる状態として、光源2の波長のみを異なるものとして各グループ100本ずつを育成し、2週間後の開花数を計数することで、波長による有効性を検証した。尚、このときには各波長とも光合成有効光量子束密度(PPFD)は50μmol/m・sに統一し、光量による差異も生じないようにしている。
【0017】
尚、試料4は、天然色などと称され、三原色蛍光体を採用することで太陽光に近似させ演色性を向上させた蛍光灯であり、この実験においては、太陽光に代替する標準光として採用し、これと比較することで、各波長における開花促進性を判定した。結果は、試料1に示すごとくピーク波長502nmのLEDランプで照射するときに顕著な開花促進効果が認められ、一般の露地栽培に比べて2〜3倍の開花促進の効果があることが確認された。
【0018】
ここで、注目すべきは試料5に示したLEDランプからのピーク波長を660nmとしたときの結果であり、標準光(試料4)に比較して顕著に開花数が低下するものとなっている。即ち、本発明によれば照射する光の波長を変えることで、花卉に対して開花促進効果が得られると共に、抑制効果も得られることが理解できる。
【0019】
図2は、本発明の別の実施形態であり、前の実施形態では開花の促進のみを目的としていたが、例えば、母の日に対するカーネーションの花、パーティ会場における飾り花などのように、現実社会においては、特定の日時に開花していることが要求されるケースがある。
【0020】
その目的に対応すべく、この実施形態の恒温槽1中には、ピーク波長を502nmとしたLEDランプによる促進用光源21(前の実施形態における光源2と同等)と、ピーク波長を660nmとした抑制用光源22とが設けられている。このようにすることで、花卉10が目標とした日時に対して早期に開花が行われそうなときには抑制用光源22を点灯し、遅れそうなときには促進用光源21を点灯することで、高い確率で目標の日時に開花を行わせることが可能となる。
【0021】
ついで、本発明の作用および効果について説明する。まず、光源2をピーク波長を502nmのものと、実質的には単波長に近い狭い範囲の波長の光と限定することで、花卉に対して、背丈の発育など不要な作用を顕著に生じることなく開花時期の促進を行うものとして目的を達するものとなる。
【0022】
また、前記光源2をLEDランプとすることで、実質的に波長502nmの単波長を発光するものとして、必要とされる波長および光量に対する投入電力を必要最低限のものとし、この種のに開花促進方法を行う際のランニングコストを低減する。更には、上記のように開花の促進に効果のある光の波長を特定したことで、例えば温度など他の要素と組み合わせずとも開花の促進が可能となり、例えば、空調が備えられた居室内などでの実施も可能とし、一層のコストダウンを可能とするものである。
【0023】
【発明の効果】
以上に説明したように本発明により、植物が発芽し生体重が約1.5gに達した後に、外光を遮り、ピーク波長500〜525nmの光源で、かつ、前記光源の光量が植物の表面で光合成光量子束密度(PPFD)が15〜200μmol/m・sとした略青緑光を、少なくとも当該の植物の日長に対応して照射する花卉における開花促進方法としたことで、専らに開花の促進にのみ関与する光の波長の範囲を特定し、その範囲の波長のみを照射するものとして、他の波長範囲により生じる不要な作用、例えば枝葉の徒長などを生じることなく、また、特別な温度管理など他の要素を必要とすることなく開花の促進を行い得るものとし、この種の花卉における商品性の向上と、コストダウンとに極めて優れた効果を奏するものである。
【0024】
また、上記に使用する光源をLEDランプとすることで、供給電力のほぼ全てが特定波長に見合う光に変換されるものとなり、例えば不要波長をカットするためのフィルターにより光量損失を生じるなどをなくし、開花促進に必要な電力量を一層の低減化を可能とし、一層のコストダウンを可能とする。
【0025】
更には、赤色発光のLEDランプと組み合わせることで、開花時期の調整も可能とし、要望される時点で市場に供給できるものとして、商機を逸することのないものとし、不良在庫などが生じないものとして、一層のコストダウンを可能とするものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る花卉における開花促進方法の実施形態を示す説明図である。
【図2】本発明に係る花卉における開花促進方法の別の実施形態を示す説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1……恒温槽
2……光源
21……促進用光源
22……抑制用光源
10……花卉[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention, for example, in flowers such as chrysanthemums, autumn cherry trees, carnations, carrots, tulips, and roses, it is possible to advance the flowering time, or to perform flowering regardless of the season, or to perform flowering at a desired date and time. The present invention relates to a method for promoting flowering.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Long-day treatment and short-day treatment are known as conventional flowering promotion methods of this kind. For example, in the case of chrysanthemums that bloom in the fall season when the sunshine duration of the day is short, the flowering time can be delayed by performing the long day processing. Further, in a carnation or the like that blooms in the spring when the sunshine time of the day becomes longer, it is possible to advance the flowering time by performing long-day processing. The long day processing is usually performed by lighting an incandescent light bulb, a fluorescent light, or the like at night. There are also a method of adjusting the temperature in a greenhouse or the like, and a method using a chemical such as a flowering accelerator.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above-described long-day processing can be performed by a relatively simple method such as turning on a lighting device at night, but the short-day processing can be performed by, for example, covering the entire greenhouse with a black screen and shielding external light. It becomes very large and has a problem that it is practically difficult to implement. In addition, the light source often has a relatively wide wavelength range, and includes, on the one hand, a wavelength having an effect of promoting flowering on flowers and, on the other hand, a wavelength having an effect of suppressing flowering. Often it is.
[0004]
Therefore, only the effect of fine adjustment of the flowering time can be obtained in terms of operation.For example, flowering outside the season to supply the market is not practical unless a fairly large-scale facility is provided. What is possible is the fact. In addition, as described above, the light source includes a wavelength having an action of suppressing flowering, or a wavelength having an action of promoting the growth of branches and leaves, etc., so that the efficiency with respect to the effect to be obtained is low, and the input power is large. There is also a problem that the obtained tree shape is not the desired one and the commercial value is reduced.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention, as a specific means for solving the above-described problems, after the plants germinate and the live weight reaches about 1.5 g, block external light, and use a light source with a peak wavelength of 500 to 525 nm, and A flower whose light quantity of a light source is substantially blue-green light having a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 15 to 200 μmol / m 2 · s on the surface of the plant corresponding to at least the day length of the plant. The object of the present invention is to solve the problem by providing a method for promoting flowering.
[0006]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, the present invention will be described in detail based on an embodiment shown in the drawings. FIG. 1 schematically shows a flowering accelerating method according to the present invention, and the one indicated by reference numeral 1 in the figure is a thermostat. The thermostat 1 can maintain 20 ° C. to 25 ° C., which is an environment suitable for growing plants, and has a light shielding property against external light. Sufficient environmental conditions are sufficient.
[0007]
Then, a nursery or the like is prepared in the constant temperature bath 1, sowing is performed, and the flowers 10 are germinated. At this time, it is not necessary to shield the inside of the thermostatic bath 1 from light, and it may be in a state where external light or the like enters. After the germination, the weight of the living body becomes about 1.5 g (at the time when the number of leaves becomes about 5 to 6), and the light from the light source 2 having a peak wavelength of 500 to 520 nm is shielded from external light. Start irradiation.
[0008]
Here, the configuration of the light source 2 will be described. If the light source 2 emits light in the above-mentioned wavelength range, the light source 2 may be appropriately used for an incandescent lamp, a fluorescent lamp, a metal halide discharge lamp (HID lamp), and the like. Even if a filter is attached, there is no difference in the effect for the purpose of promoting flowering.
[0009]
However, mounting the filter is done to remove unwanted wavelengths, so the energy used to generate the removed wavelengths is totally ineffective. Therefore, a monochromatic light source that emits only in the above-mentioned wavelength range with respect to the supplied energy is extremely advantageous in terms of energy efficiency, and in the present invention, it emits substantially blue-green light in principle. The LED lamp to be used is adopted as the light source 2.
[0010]
In addition, in the present invention, the amount of light emitted from the light source 2 is also examined, and the inventor applied various amounts of light to flowers to measure the degree of growth. As a result, it was set that the amount of light was appropriate when the photosynthetic effective photon flux density (PPFD) on the leaf surface was in the range of 15 to 200 μmol / m 2 · s.
[0011]
The reason is that when the photosynthetic effective photon flux density (PPFD) is 15 μmol / m 2 · s or less, no remarkable effect due to light irradiation is recognized, and the photosynthetic effective photon flux density (PPFD) is 200 μmol / m 2. When the value was set to s or more, no further promotion effect was exhibited by increasing the light amount, in other words, the promotion effect was saturated. Incidentally, the photosynthetic effective photon flux density (PPFD) of sunlight is at least 500 μmol / m 2 · s.
[0012]
From the above examination, in the present invention, the effective range of the photosynthetic effective photon flux density (PPFD) can be specified, so that the energy consumption at the time of actual growth can be set as the minimum necessary, that is, cost reduction is achieved. It is effective for In addition, if the required light amount is clear as described above, the required number of required LED lamps (light sources 2) can be clearly set, which is also effective in cost reduction.
[0013]
Here, the time during which the light source 2 is turned on corresponds to each characteristic of the desired flower, and short-day plants such as morning glory, chrysanthemum, autumn cherry, poinsettia, dahlia, salvia, and torenia are known. As long-day plants, astors, carnations, betunias, bellflowers, carrots, radishes, wheat, etc. are known. Dandelions, tomatoes and cucumbers are known.
[0014]
In addition, the present invention is also applicable to the case of clonal propagation in which a growing point or a leaf is finely cut and planted in a medium, as in tissue culture. In this case, irradiation with the light source 2 starts from the time of planting in the medium. Start immediately. The other conditions may be the same as in the above embodiment.
[0015]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004097082
[0016]
Table 1 shows the results of experiments performed by the inventor to achieve the present invention. Torenia was selected as a flower, and only the wavelength of the light source 2 was set under a condition where each condition was constant using tissue culture. 100 groups were grown as different ones, and the number of flowers after 2 weeks was counted to verify the effectiveness by wavelength. At this time, the photosynthetic effective photon flux density (PPFD) is unified to 50 μmol / m 2 · s for each wavelength so that there is no difference due to the light quantity.
[0017]
The sample 4 is a fluorescent lamp which is called natural color or the like and has improved color rendering by approximating to sunlight by adopting a phosphor of three primary colors. In this experiment, it was used as a standard light instead of sunlight. By adopting and comparing with this, flowering promotion at each wavelength was determined. As a result, as shown in Sample 1, a remarkable flowering promotion effect was observed when irradiating with an LED lamp having a peak wavelength of 502 nm, and it was confirmed that the flowering promotion effect was two to three times that of general open-field cultivation. Was.
[0018]
Here, what should be noted is the result when the peak wavelength from the LED lamp shown in Sample 5 is 660 nm, and the number of flowering is significantly reduced as compared with the standard light (Sample 4). . That is, it can be understood that according to the present invention, by changing the wavelength of the light to be irradiated, the flowering promotion effect and the suppression effect can be obtained for flowers.
[0019]
FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which the previous embodiment was intended only to promote flowering. However, for example, carnation flowers for Mother's Day, decorative flowers at a party venue, and the like. In society, there are cases in which it is required that the flowering be performed on a specific date and time.
[0020]
In order to meet the purpose, in the thermostat 1 of this embodiment, the light source 21 for promoting the LED lamp having the peak wavelength of 502 nm (equivalent to the light source 2 in the previous embodiment) and the peak wavelength of 660 nm were provided. A light source 22 for suppression is provided. By doing so, the control light source 22 is turned on when the flowers 10 are likely to be flowered earlier than the target date and time, and the promotion light source 21 is turned on when the flowers 10 are about to be delayed. It is possible to make the flowering at the target date and time.
[0021]
Next, the operation and effect of the present invention will be described. First, by limiting the light source 2 to light having a peak wavelength of 502 nm and light having a wavelength in a narrow range substantially close to a single wavelength, unnecessary effects such as growth of the height of a flower are remarkably generated. The purpose is achieved as the promotion of the flowering time without any change.
[0022]
In addition, by using the LED lamp as the light source 2, it is assumed that the light source emits substantially a single wavelength of the wavelength of 502 nm, the input power for the required wavelength and light amount is minimized, and this kind of flowering Reduce running costs when implementing the promotion method. Furthermore, by specifying the wavelength of light that is effective in promoting flowering as described above, flowering can be promoted without being combined with other factors such as temperature, for example, in a living room equipped with air conditioning. It is possible to further reduce costs.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, after a plant has germinated and the live weight has reached about 1.5 g, it blocks external light, and is a light source having a peak wavelength of 500 to 525 nm, and the light amount of the light source is the surface of the plant. The method of promoting flowering in flowers that irradiates approximately blue-green light with a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 15 to 200 μmol / m 2 · s at least in accordance with the day length of the plant is used to exclusively flower. Identify the wavelength range of light that is only involved in the promotion of light, and irradiate only the wavelengths in that range, without causing unnecessary effects caused by other wavelength ranges, such as prolongation of branches and leaves, and special Flowering can be promoted without requiring other factors such as temperature control, and this type of flower has an extremely excellent effect on the improvement of commercial properties and cost reduction.
[0024]
In addition, by using an LED lamp as the light source for the above, almost all of the supplied power is converted into light corresponding to a specific wavelength. For example, a filter for cutting unnecessary wavelengths does not cause light amount loss. In addition, it is possible to further reduce the amount of power required for promoting flowering, and to further reduce costs.
[0025]
Furthermore, by combining with a red light emitting LED lamp, it is possible to adjust the flowering time, and it can be supplied to the market at the time of request, so that there is no chance of losing business opportunities, and no defective stock etc. As a result, the cost can be further reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of a flowering promotion method for flowers according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing another embodiment of the flowering promotion method for flowers according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... constant temperature bath 2 ... light source 21 ... light source 22 for promotion ... light source 10 for suppression ... flowers

Claims (3)

植物が発芽し生体重が約1.5gに達した後に、外光を遮り、ピーク波長500〜525nmの光源で、かつ、前記光源の光量が植物の表面で光合成光量子束密度(PPFD)が15〜200μmol/m・sとした略青緑光を、少なくとも当該の植物の日長に対応して照射することを特徴とする花卉における開花促進方法。After the plant germinates and the living weight reaches about 1.5 g, the outside light is blocked, and the light source of the light source having a peak wavelength of 500 to 525 nm and the light amount of the light source has a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 15 on the surface of the plant. A method for promoting flowering in flowers, comprising irradiating a substantially blue-green light of about 200 μmol / m 2 · s corresponding to at least the day length of the plant. 前記光源として、ピーク波長500〜525nmの光源に加えて、ピーク波長630〜700nmの光源が用意され、ピーク波長500〜525nmの光源は促進側、ピーク波長630〜700nmの光源は抑制側として個別に照射が行われ、上記2つの光源の照射時間の組合わせにより自在な時点で開花が行われることを特徴とする請求項1記載の花卉における開花促進方法。As the light source, a light source having a peak wavelength of 630 to 700 nm is prepared in addition to a light source having a peak wavelength of 500 to 525 nm. 2. A method for promoting flowering in flowers according to claim 1, wherein irradiation is performed and flowering is performed at an arbitrary time by a combination of irradiation times of the two light sources. 前記光源がLEDランプであることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2記載の花卉における開花促進方法。3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the light source is an LED lamp.
JP2002262933A 2002-09-09 2002-09-09 Flowering method in flower buds Expired - Fee Related JP4123875B2 (en)

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