JP4167843B2 - Long-day plant cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  The present invention relates to a method for cultivating long-day plants.
[0002]
[Prior art]
  Conventionally, when cultivating florets belonging to long-day plants artificially in a greenhouse or the like, it is better to cultivate under conditions close to the growth environment (especially day length, temperature) of the original species of the florets, Plant cultivation facilities that can artificially reproduce the growth environment such as greenhouses are used.
[0003]
  On the other hand, as a technique for controlling day length, for example, JP-A-4-349824 describes a relatively simple plant cultivation apparatus that controls day length by using sunlight, a fluorescent lamp, and an incandescent light bulb in combination. Have(Prior art 1).
[0004]
  Further, in JP-A-10-178899 and JP-A-10-178901, the wavelength range and the amount of light necessary for growth differ from plant to plant. Therefore, plants to be grown are used for optimal irradiation. The light amount control and the irradiation time control are performed for each wavelength and the ratio of the photon flux density for each wavelength on the surface. Moreover, in this plant cultivation apparatus, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide gas which are growth environments other than said light are also controlled. More specifically, the light source includes blue (X: 400 to 500 nm), green (G: 500 to 600 nm), red (Y: 600 to 700 nm), and deep red (Z: 700 to 800 nm). Equipped with light-emitting diodes of wavelengths, the irradiation amount of each light-emitting diode is changed according to the type of plant to be cultivated, X: 0-50%, Y: 40-100%, Z: 0-10%, X + Y + Z = A light source configured to be 100% or a light source such that (X + Y + Z): G = 30 to 80%: 20 to 70% and X + Y + Z + G = 100% is provided.(Prior art 2).
[0005]
  Thus, in the conventional technique 2, when growing young plants with long-day plants, after irradiating blue light and red light at the initial stage of the growth, after irradiating deep red light, all the light is turned off. When the stock is full, the plant is irradiated with light that contains only red and blue but not deep red to prevent flower bud formation when the stock is young.
[0006]
  On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-217556 discloses a fluorescent lamp for plant growth capable of promoting photosynthesis of plants and controlling morphogenesis such as plant height, leaf area and shape approximate to growth under natural light. Is described. This fluorescent lamp is a fluorescent lamp composed of three kinds of rare earth element-activated phosphors having emission peak wavelengths of 440 to 470 nm, 540 to 560 nm and 600 to 620 nm, and a far red emission phosphor having a peak wavelength of 700 to 800 nm. A body layer that emits light having a ratio of a photon flux included in a wavelength region of 600 to 700 nm and a photon flux included in a wavelength region of 700 to 800 nm of 0.8 to 1.2.(Prior art 3).
[0007]
  JP-A-4-304822 discloses a fluorescent lamp having the same emission energy ratio of wavelengths 400 to 500 nm, 500 to 600 nm, and 600 nm or more.(Prior art 4).
[0008]
  Furthermore, if the copper sulfate solution absorbs far-red light of sunlight and irradiates light with a transmitted light red / far-red light ratio greater than 1, the plant height and internode length of chrysanthemums are often shortened. (McMahon et al., 1991; Rajapaskse Kelly, 1992; Rajapaskse et al., 1993, 1995) (prior art 5).
[0009]
  From these results, it has been found that it is effective to irradiate red light having a wavelength of 600 to 700 nm in order to suppress the flowering of long-day plants.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
  In long-day plants, the flower bud differentiation and development in the short-day low-temperature period (autumn / winter season) are suppressed, so that the number of days to reach flowering becomes long and the growth of plant height is also suppressed.
[0011]
  Therefore, in order to solve this problem, a long-day plant was cultivated in the winter under natural light during the day with reference to the prior art 2. As a result, the development and flowering of flower bud differentiation were suppressed, and the effect of promoting flower bud differentiation required for florets was not obtained. Moreover, when producing a long day plant in large quantities, in the cultivation apparatus described in the prior arts 1 and 2, three types of light sources are required, and in the prior art 2, in addition to the above, humidity, temperature, and carbonic acid Since a gas concentration sensor and a controller having a computer for controlling these are required, there is a problem that not only the initial equipment cost but also the running cost is increased. In addition, when mass producing long-day plants, producers often cultivate multiple types of long-day plants under the same growth environment in order to meet various demands, and change the growth conditions for each type. Is not really easy.
[0012]
  Next, in the case of the prior arts 3 and 4, since a single fluorescent lamp always emits light including a plurality of colors with a constant ratio, the ratio between the color lights cannot be changed as desired according to the situation. .
[0013]
  Moreover, in the prior art 5, since a copper sulfate solution is used, it is not practical, and although the growth of a long-day plant can be suppressed, the point which promotes growth and flowering is not mentioned. In particular, it promotes the growth of long-day plants in winter in the low temperature period to increase plant height, promotes flower bud formation and development, and promotes and suppresses the growth of long-day plants in seasons other than winter. There is no mention of arbitrary control.
[0014]
  On the other hand, as a result of repeating various experiments over a long period of time, the present inventor used a light quality conversion film for a long-day plant, and the ratio of red light / far red light photon flux density to less than 1 during the day If you irradiate the radiated sunlight or use the far-red fluorescent lamp to irradiate far-red light at night, the flowering time will be faster and the plant height Discovered that the growth of The present invention has been completed based on this discovery.
[0015]
  The present invention relates to a method for cultivating long-day plants that promotes the growth and flowering of florets and the like belonging to long-day plants regardless of the cultivation season with relatively little capital investment.TheThe purpose is to provide.
[0016]
  In addition, the present invention also provides a method for cultivating a long-day plant that can optimally control the growth and flowering of the long-day plant according to the season by performing suitable light irradiation for each season.TheThe other purpose is to provide.
[0017]
[Means for achieving the object]
    The method for cultivating a long-day plant according to the invention of claim 1 is that the plant is planted in a plant cultivation facility provided with a covering for converting the quality of sunlight so that the ratio of red / far-red photon flux density is less than 1. A first step of arranging the long-day plant; a second step of irradiating the long-day plant with sunlight that has passed through the covering in the daytime; and a photon flux density mainly in a time zone without sunlight irradiation Is 0.1 μmol · m^-2・ S^-1And a third step of irradiating the long-day plant with artificial light having a larger ratio of red / far-red photon flux density smaller than 1.
[0018]
  In the present invention and each of the following inventions, the definitions and technical meanings of terms are as follows unless otherwise specified.
[0019]
  About a 1st process A 1st process is a process of arrange | positioning the long-day plant planted to the plant cultivation facility provided with the predetermined | prescribed structure, and is equivalent to the preparation stage in the case of cultivation. The predetermined configuration of the plant cultivation facility is such that the long-day planted plants are irradiated with sunlight that has passed through a covering that converts sunlight into light quality, and the light quality conversion is a red / far red photon. The content is such that the bundle density ratio is smaller than 1.
[0020]
  Therefore, the plant cultivation facility does not ask | require a specific structure. Further, the covering is allowed to be in the form of a film or a plate. The covering in the form of a film can be easily obtained as a light quality conversion synthetic resin film. The cover in the form of a plate is obtained by applying a light quality conversion thin film to a glass plate or a translucent constituent resin plate, or imparting light quality conversion characteristics to the glass or the translucent constituent resin plate itself. May be. Furthermore, a covering may be arrange | positioned so that a long-day plant may be coat | covered inside plant cultivation structures, such as a greenhouse, for example, and may have comprised the wall surface of the plant cultivation structure.
[0021]
  Next, “red” in the light quality conversion means radiation in a wavelength range of 600 to 700 nm (more precisely, 600 nm to less than 700 nm), and is defined by an integral value within the above wavelength range. On the other hand, “far-red” means radiation in a wavelength range of 700 to 800 nm (more precisely, 700 nm to less than 800 nm), and is defined by an integral value within the above wavelength range. Therefore, “the ratio of the red / far red photon flux density is smaller than 1” means that the red light energy intensity is less than the far red light energy intensity.
[0022]
  The term “planted long-day plant” means that the long-day plant needs to be in a planted state in the second step to be described later. Generally, after sowing, the plant can be planted after germination. The seedlings are planted until the seedlings grow, but may be directly seeded seedlings grown in the field without the planting process. Further, the long-day plant is not only a flower bud, particularly a cut flower having a relatively high plant height, but may be a houseplant or a vegetable if necessary. Furthermore, planting may use pots and pots, or may be performed directly on the field.
[0023]
  About a 2nd process A 2nd process is a process of irradiating a long-day plant with the sunlight which permeate | transmitted the covering in the daytime. In the present invention, “daytime” refers to a time zone in which sunlight is present, but before and after about 1 to 2 hours of sunrise and around 1 to 2 hours of sunset to the third step as desired. As a transition period, it is allowed to configure so that the third step is also used at the same time. In addition, the “time zone mainly without sunlight irradiation” in a third step to be described later refers to the remaining time zone excluding daytime from day 1. However, the above time zone is not only continuous, but also in the daytime when sunlight is not effectively applied to long-day plants due to weather conditions. The time zone is allowed to be handled mainly as a time zone without sunlight irradiation. In addition, when a period of time during which the dark state at night is interrupted by irradiation with general artificial light of visible light, the time period does not affect the growth of the plant. In this case, the time zone is also allowed to be handled mainly as a time zone without sunlight irradiation. However, if necessary, it is also acceptable to manage the sunlight irradiation time zone uniformly as daytime. Furthermore, if necessary, when shifting from the daytime to a time zone where there is mainly no sunlight irradiation, it is allowed that some blank time zones are allowed before the third step is started.
[0024]
  Thus, in the second step, the sunlight radiated to the long-day plant is converted to light quality when passing through the light quality conversion body, the red light is reduced, and the far red light is relatively large. It will be included light.
[0025]
  About the 3rd process The 3rd process is a photosynthesis effective photon flux density of 0.1 micromol * m mainly in the time zone without sunlight irradiation.^-2・ S^-1This is a step of irradiating a long-day plant with artificial light that is larger and has a red / far-red photon density ratio smaller than 1. In addition, “artificial light” refers to artificially created light or artificially controlled light generated in nature, and can generally be generated by an artificial light source. Any artificial light source may be used to obtain artificial light having a red / far-red photon flux density ratio smaller than 1. However, a fluorescent lamp, a metal halide lamp, a light emitting diode, or the like is preferable. Fluorescent lamps can emit light with various spectral distributions depending on the types of phosphors that make up the phosphor layer on the inner surface of the glass bulb. Of course, artificial light that satisfies the above conditions is easily generated. Can be made. In addition, the light emitting diode can obtain light emission exhibiting various spectral distributions depending on the material composition of the semiconductor.
[0026]
  Next, the operation of the present invention will be described. Since the present invention irradiates light with a lot of far-red light during the day and at night, it is a long-day plant regardless of the season, and therefore, regardless of the season, whether it is autumn / winter cultivation, spring cultivation, or summer cultivation Growth, such as cut flower length and internode length, and flowering are promoted, reducing the number of days from planting to harvesting, such as flowering. As a result, the utilization rate of plant cultivation facilities can be improved, and heating costs in winter can be reduced. In addition, since the number of means for obtaining artificial light, such as artificial light sources, may be simply small, the initial capital investment is reduced.
[0027]
    In the method for cultivating long-day plants according to the invention of claim 2, the photon flux density is 0.1 μmol · m when the ambient temperature is 17 ° C. or lower mainly in a time zone without sunlight irradiation.^-2・ S^-1A long artificial plant is irradiated with a first artificial light which is larger artificial light and mainly has a red / far-red photon flux density ratio smaller than 1, and when the ambient temperature is 25 ° C. or higher, the photosynthetic effective photon flux Density is 0.1μmol · m^-2・ S^-1A second artificial light having a larger wavelength, mainly 400 to 500 nm, is irradiated to the long-day plant, and when the ambient temperature is 17 to 25 ° C., the first and second artificial lights are mainly irradiated to the long-day plant. And a light irradiation step.
[0028]
  The present invention defines a configuration in which the light irradiation conditions of long-day plants are changed according to the ambient temperature. That is, the light irradiation conditions are changed by dividing the process of irradiating artificial light mainly during a time zone without sunlight irradiation, typically at night, into three according to the ambient temperature.
[0029]
  The first category is when the ambient temperature is 17 ° C. or less, which mainly corresponds to the winter season. In this season, the long-day plants tend to be low in temperature, so that their growth is suppressed and flowering tends to be delayed. The second category is when the ambient temperature is 25 ° C. or higher, and mainly corresponds to summer. In this season, the flower bud differentiation action of long-day plants becomes active and flowering tends to be promoted despite the short plant height. The third section is when the ambient temperature is 17 to 25 ° C., and mainly corresponds to autumn (and spring) located between the first and second sections. During this season, there is no particular tendency in the growth and flowering of long-day plants.
[0030]
  Next, artificial light will be described. The first artificial light has the same configuration as the artificial light in claim 1. On the other hand, the second artificial light may have any configuration as long as it is mainly light having a wavelength of 400 to 500 nm, but can be obtained using, for example, a fluorescent lamp or a light emitting diode. When the ambient temperature is 17 ° C. or lower, which is the first category (in winter), the long-day plant is irradiated with the first artificial light. When the ambient temperature is 25 ° C. or higher, which is the second category (summer season), the second artificial light is irradiated. When the ambient temperature is 17 to 25 ° C., which is the third category (autumn / spring), the first and second artificial lights are irradiated.
[0031]
  Further, in the present invention, daytime light irradiation conditions are not limited. That is, the light may be irradiated with natural light that does not undergo light quality conversion, or sunlight that has undergone light quality conversion as in claim 1 may be irradiated.
[0032]
  The operation of the present invention will be described. In the low temperature period of winter, the growth of long-day plants is promoted and flowering is accelerated by irradiating light with a far-red light stronger than the red light mainly at night. Therefore, it is possible to cultivate long-day plants in autumn so that they can grow into high-quality cut flowers with a long plant length and large flowers from winter to spring.
[0033]
  Also, during the high temperature season in summer, the flower bud differentiation action is suppressed by irradiating blue light mainly at night, so that no flower bud formation occurs in a short plant height without applying shade. Cut flowers with a long plant height can be obtained as in autumn.
Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to grow a long-day plant in spring for a high-quality cut flower having a long plant height and a large flower even from summer to autumn.
[0034]
  In addition, in the middle temperature period of autumn (spring), a strong light of far-red light and blue light are emitted mainly at night compared to red light, so that balanced light irradiation is performed, and the plant height and flower The size of can be cultivated well. Therefore, it is possible to grow long-day plants in summer sowing into high-quality cut flowers that have a long plant height and large flowers from autumn to winter.
[0035]
    The method for cultivating a long-day plant according to the invention of claim 3 is planted in a plant cultivation facility provided with a covering for converting the quality of sunlight so that the ratio of red / far-red photon flux density is smaller than 1. A first step of arranging the long-day plant; a second step of irradiating the long-day plant with sunlight that has passed through the covering in the daytime; When the temperature is 17 ° C. or lower, the photon flux density is 0.1 μmol · m.^-2・ S^-1When a long-day plant is irradiated with a first artificial light that is larger artificial light and the ratio of the red / far-red photon flux density is mainly less than 1, the photon flux density is higher when the ambient temperature is 25 ° C. or higher. 0.1 μmol · m^-2・ S^-1A second artificial light having a larger wavelength of 400 to 500 nm is irradiated to the long-day plant, and a first and second artificial light is mainly irradiated to the long-day plant when the ambient temperature is 17 to 25 ° C. And a light irradiation step.
[0036]
  The present invention is the same as claim 2 in that the light irradiation conditions for long-day plants are mainly changed at night according to the ambient temperature. Also stipulates. That is, in addition to the light irradiation mainly at night of claim 2, in the daytime period when the sunlight is irradiated, as in the case of claim 1, far red light is compared with red light by light quality conversion. Irradiate plants with strong light for a long time.
[0037]
  The operation of the present invention will be described. In the low temperature period of winter, long-day plant growth is promoted and flowering is accelerated by irradiating light with far-red light stronger than red light during the day and night. Therefore, it is possible to cultivate long-day plants in autumn so that they can grow into high-quality cut flowers with a long plant length and large flowers from winter to spring.
[0038]
  Also, in the high temperature season of summer, long-day plants grow well by irradiating far-red light with strong light compared to daytime red light, and flower buds by irradiating blue light at night. Since the differentiation action is suppressed, flower bud formation does not occur in a short plant height without applying shade, and the plant grows to a long plant height from summer to autumn, and also blooms while adjusting the flower bud differentiation time be able to. Therefore, it is possible to grow and deliver long-day spring plants to high-quality cut flowers that have a long plant height from summer to autumn and have large flowers as in autumn (spring).
[0039]
  Furthermore, during the mid-temperature season of autumn (spring), long-day plant growth is promoted by irradiating far-red light with strong light compared to red light during the day and at night. Since blue light is also emitted mainly, balanced light irradiation is performed, and the plant height and flower size can be cultivated well. Therefore, it is possible to grow long-day plants in summer sowing into high-quality cut flowers that have a long plant height and large flowers from autumn to winter.
[0040]
    The book described aboveInventionA plant cultivation method can be implemented using the plant cultivation facility of each following aspect. That is, the first aspectThe plant cultivation facility is arranged in the facility structure so as to surround the long-day plant in the facility structure, and the ratio of the red / far red photon flux density is smaller than 1. A covering for converting the quality of sunlight into light; and a photosynthetic effective photon flux density of 0.1 μmol · m^-2・ S^-1An artificial light source disposed in a facility structure so as to irradiate a long-day plant with artificial light having a larger ratio of red / far red photon density less than 1; Yes.
[0041]
  Plant cultivation facility of the first aspectIs a configuration suitable for carrying out the invention of claim 1.Indicationis doing. BookAspectThe “facility structure” is a structure that defines a space for accommodating long-day plants, and is a frame structure having no wall surface made of a light-transmitting member, a translucent panel or a sheet-like covering. For example, a greenhouse structure with a body assembled into a framework. The frame assembly is formed by assembling extruded frames such as metal pipes and aluminum, or a so-called plastic tunnel in which a plurality of synthetic resin tubes are bent against the elasticity and spaced apart in the longitudinal direction. Allow to be.
[0042]
  "Coating body" means a member that surrounds a long-day plant housed in a plant cultivation facility with a space therebetween. Further, the covering may cover the facility structure or be arranged so as to be fitted into the facility structure to constitute a greenhouse, or a bag like a mosquito net for attaching a long-day plant indoors in the greenhouse. It is allowed to have various structures such as In addition, bookAspectThe covering has a function of converting the light quality of sunlight so that the ratio of the red / far red photon flux density is smaller than 1. Furthermore, when the temperature inside the covering rises higher than a predetermined value, it is possible to perform internal ventilation by displacing a part of the enclosure or disposing a ventilation fan.
[0043]
  Next, the artificial light source emits artificial light whose red / far-red photon density ratio is smaller than 1, and the photon flux density is 0.1 μmol · m.^-2・ S^-1If it is possible to irradiate a plant with a larger light for a long time, there is no particular limitation. As an artificial light source that can satisfy this condition, for example, the following configuration can be adopted.
[0044]
  That is, when the artificial light source is constituted by a fluorescent lamp, a fluorescent lamp comprising a phosphor layer that is made of iron-activated lithium aluminate phosphor and emits far-red light having an emission peak at a wavelength of 740 nm can be used. The above phosphor has a general formula of LiAl₂: Fe. In addition, MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO and Y are formed on the surface of the phosphor particles.₂O₃The light flux maintenance factor can be improved by adhering one or more kinds of metal oxide fine particles selected from the group of 0.01 to 1.0% by mass ratio. Instead of the above configuration, the general formula Gd₃Ga₅O₁₂: A fluorescent lamp provided with a phosphor layer containing Cr phosphor can be used.
[0045]
  When the artificial light source is composed of a light-emitting diode, a light-emitting diode having a light-emitting diode element (chip) that emits light in a wavelength range of 600 to 700 nm, which is a quaternary mixed crystal composed of aluminum, indium, and gallium nitride, should be used. Can do.
[0046]
  Furthermore, the arrangement of the artificial light source is not particularly limited as long as it is arranged so as to irradiate long-day plants mainly with far-red light. Therefore, it may be placed either inside or outside the enclosure, but the arrangement inside the enclosure does not cause loss of light when passing through the enclosure, and it is close to a long-day plant, so the illumination intensity is high. Thus, the irradiation efficiency can be improved, which is preferable. The artificial light source may be any light source such as a fluorescent lamp, a metal halide lamp, and a light emitting diode, but at present, the fluorescent lamp is economical in terms of cost. In the case of a fluorescent lamp, if it is a plant cultivation facility with a relatively small cultivation scale, a bulb-type fluorescent lamp is easier to use, but if the cultivation scale is large, it is effective to use a straight tube fluorescent lamp. In particular, the bulb-type fluorescent lamp can be installed simply by attaching a screw-in type lamp socket and screwing the cap of the bulb-type fluorescent lamp into the socket, so that the structure and handling of the plant cultivation apparatus is extremely simple and easy.
[0047]
  Then,Plant cultivation facility of the first aspectSince the long-day plant housed in the facility body is covered with an enclosure and sunlight is converted to light quality, the light quality can be converted continuously and inexpensively with a simple structure. In addition, the artificial light source can be made inexpensive because it is only necessary to provide a light source that mainly emits far-red light. Therefore,First aspectThis plant cultivation apparatus requires less initial capital investment as a whole. In addition,First aspectAlthough this plant cultivation apparatus is effective in carrying out the invention of claim 2, it can be used for other cultivation methods.
[0048]
    Second aspectThe plant cultivating facility is arranged in the facility structure so as to surround the long-day plant in the facility structure, and the ratio of the red / far-red photon flux density is 1 A covering for converting sunlight into light quality so as to be smaller; a photon flux density of 0.1 μmol · m^-2・ S^-1A first artificial light source disposed in the facility structure so as to irradiate a long-day plant with artificial light having a larger ratio of red / far-red photon density flux of less than 1; .1 μmol · m^-2・ S^-1And a second artificial light source disposed in the facility structure so as to irradiate the plant with longer second artificial light having a wavelength of 400 to 500 nm mainly for a long day.
[0049]
  Plant cultivation facility of the second aspectIs a configuration of a plant cultivation facility suitable for carrying out the invention of claim 2.Indicationis doing. Artificial light having a wavelength of 400 to 500 nm is blue light, but a known light source such as a fluorescent lamp, a metal halide lamp, or a light emitting diode can be used. For example, the following configuration can be adopted as an artificial light source that satisfies this condition.
[0050]
  That is, when the second artificial light source is constituted by a fluorescent lamp, it consists of europium activated strontium, calcium, barium phosphate or europium activated barium, magnesium aluminate, and has a light emission peak in the wavelength range of 400 to 500 nm. A fluorescent lamp provided with a phosphor layer containing the blue light-emitting phosphor having the same can be used.
[0051]
  Further, when the second artificial light source is constituted by a light emitting diode, a light emitting diode having a light emitting diode element (chip) that emits light in a wavelength range of 400 to 500 nm, which is a ternary mixed crystal made of indium gallium nitride. Can be used.
[0052]
  In addition,Second aspectAlthough this plant cultivation apparatus is effective in carrying out the invention of claim 2, it can be used for other cultivation methods.
[0053]
    Third aspectThe plant cultivating facility is arranged in the facility structure so as to surround the long-day plant in the facility structure, and the ratio of the red / far-red photon flux density is 1 A covering for converting sunlight into light quality so as to be smaller; a photon flux density of 0.1 μmol · m^-2・ S^-1A first artificial light source disposed in the facility structure so as to irradiate a long-day plant with artificial light having a larger ratio of red / far-red photon flux density smaller than 1; a wavelength of 400 to 500 nm The first emission within the range and the second emission within the wavelength range of 600 to 700 nm are substantially included, and the integrated value of the photon flux of the first emission is larger than the integrated value of the photon flux of the second emission. And a third artificial light source disposed in the facility structure so as to emit artificial light.
[0054]
  When adjusting the shipping time by suppressing the flowering of long-day plants such as Eustoma flowering when the day length exceeds a certain period, conventionally shades such as black curtains are applied to the entire house to shorten the day length. . However, for example, 500m²The task of putting a black curtain on a whole house is very hard work for humans.
[0055]
  Plant cultivation facility according to the third aspectHas a structure suitable for delaying the flowering time without shading.Indicationis doing. That is, a long-day plant is irradiated by radiating light from the second artificial light source that has an integrated value of the photon flux in the wavelength range of 400 to 500 nm larger than the integrated value of the photon flux in the wavelength range of 600 to 700 nm. For example, the following configuration can be adopted as an artificial light source that satisfies this condition.
[0056]
  That is, when the third artificial light source is constituted by a fluorescent lamp, it consists of europium activated strontium, calcium, barium phosphate or europium activated barium, magnesium aluminate, and has a light emission peak in the wavelength range of 400 to 500 nm. A blue light-emitting phosphor having europium-activated yttrium oxide or europium, magnesium, titanium-activated yttrium sulfate, or manganese-activated magnesium fluorogermanate, and having a light emission peak in the wavelength range of 600 to 700 nm A fluorescent lamp having a phosphor layer containing the phosphor layer can be used.
[0057]
  When the third artificial light source is constituted by a light emitting diode, a first light emitting diode element (chip) that emits light in a wavelength range of 400 to 500 nm with a ternary mixed crystal made of indium gallium nitride, and aluminum A light source including a second light emitting diode element (chip) that emits light in a wavelength range of 600 to 700 nm in a quaternary mixed crystal made of indium gallium nitride can be used. It should be noted that the first and second light emitting diode elements (chips) may be configured as an apparently single element embedded in a common lens, or embedded in lenses separated from each other. It may be a plateau that apparently constitutes a plurality of elements.
[0058]
  Then,Third aspectIn, the above-mentioned configuration can effectively delay the flowering time. In addition, the work of applying a shade such as a dark curtain can be avoided, so the work becomes easy. In addition,Third aspectAs described above, the plant cultivation apparatus is effective when the flowering time is delayed by using the third artificial light source, but by using the first artificial light source, the growth defined in claim 1 is used. It can also be used in cultivation methods aimed at promoting flowering and speeding up flowering.
[0059]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0060]
    1 to 5 show an embodiment of the method for cultivating long-day plants of the present invention, andUsed in the practice of the present inventionPlant cultivation facilityThe first form ofFIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a plant cultivation facility, FIG. 2 is a graph showing spectral transmittance characteristics of a covering, FIG. 3 is a graph showing spectral distribution characteristics of artificial light, and FIG. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the spectral distribution characteristics of Comparative Example 2. FIG. In FIG. 1, H is a plant cultivation facility, F is a cultivation bed, and P is a long-day plant.
[0061]
  First, the plant cultivation facility H will be described. The plant cultivation facility H includes a facility structure 1, a covering 2, an artificial light source 3, X, and Y. The facility structure 1 is composed of a frame structure. And it divides into the some test section corresponding to each artificial light source 3, X, and Y, and each test section is divided by the light-reflective sheet | seat (brand name: Silver polyfilm) 5. FIG.
[0062]
  The covering 2 is made of a light quality conversion film that suppresses the transmittance of red light, has a spectral transmittance characteristic as shown in FIG. 2, and surrounds the facility structure 1 from the outside. . That is, the spectral transmittance characteristic of the covering 2 has a reduced transmittance in the wavelength range of 600 to 700 nm. For this reason, the sunlight which permeate | transmits this covering 2 has a photon flux density of red light smaller than that of far-red light. Therefore, the ratio of the red / far red photon flux density of sunlight passing through the cover 2 is less than 1.
[0063]
  The artificial light source 3 is a light bulb-type fluorescent lamp that emits far-red light, has a spectral distribution characteristic as shown in FIG. 3, and is disposed downwardly by a mounting material 4 above the inside of the covering 2. . The above bulb-type fluorescent lamp has a phosphor layer made of iron-activated lithium aluminate phosphor, and emits far-red light having an emission peak at a wavelength of 740 nm. The spectral distribution characteristic of the artificial light source 3 is larger in the photon flux in the wavelength range of 700 to 800 nm than in the photon flux in the wavelength range of 600 to 700 nm. Therefore, the ratio of the red / far-red photon flux density of the artificial light source 3 is less than 1. The artificial light source 3 has a far-red light photosynthesis effective photon flux density of 0.1 μmol · m.^-2・ S^-1It arrange | positions so that it may become larger.
[0064]
  The cultivation bed F is disposed below the artificial light source 3 inside the covering 2.
[0065]
  The long-day plant P is planted in a flower pot and arranged in the cultivation bed F. The long-day plant P is irradiated with sunlight through the cover 2 during the daytime, and is illuminated by the artificial light source 3 during other time periods. Irradiated.
[0066]
  Hereinafter, experimental results will be described.
[0067]
  First, experimental specifications are shown below.
1. Specifications of Cover 2, Artificial Light Source 3 (Invention), X (Comparative Example 1), Y (Comparative Example 2)
(1) Covering body 2: Red light transmission suppressing film (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, SXE-4 type), ratio of photon flux density is 0.73
(2) Artificial light source 3: Far-red light emitting bulb type fluorescent lamp (manufactured by Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corp.), spectral distribution characteristics are as shown in FIG.
(3) Artificial light source X: Red light emitting fluorescent lamp (manufactured by Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corp.), spectral distribution characteristics are as shown in FIG.
(4) Artificial light source Y: Blue light emitting bulb type fluorescent lamp (manufactured by Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corp.), spectral distribution characteristics are as shown in FIG.
2. Experimental conditions
(1) Long-day plant: Gypsophila (Brist Fairy)
(2) Experimental method
(2-1) Day / night temperature (6: 0 to 18: 00/18: 00 to 6:00) is 17/12 ° C., 24/19 ° C., 30/25 ° C. cultivation temperature, and above Nine light irradiation zones were provided by combining three types of artificial light sources 3, X, and Y.
(2-2) On April 18, one plant was planted one by one in the No. 5 pot to prepare three plants, and 10 plants were tested in one light irradiation zone. Each artificial light source 3, Z, and Y was installed at a height of 90 cm from the floor, one lamp in a frame surrounded by a covering 2 having a length of 105 cm, a width of 70 cm, and a height of 115 cm.
(2-3) Second step: Cultivated under natural light from 9.00 am to 5:00 pm
(2-4) Third step: Light was irradiated with the artificial light source 3, X, and Y from 5:00 pm to 9:00 of the next morning to make a 24-hour day length.
(2-5) The experiment was started on May 14, and was discontinued on October 2, 20 weeks after the start of light irradiation.
3. Experimental result
  Hereinafter, experimental results will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0068]
    FIGS. 6 to 11 show experimental results in the first embodiment of the method for cultivating long-day plants of the present invention in comparison with those of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, FIG. 6 is a graph showing plant height, and FIG. 7 is flowering. FIG. 8 is a graph showing the plant height and the flowering rate at the same time, FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the growth temperature condition and the cut flower length, and FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the growth temperature condition and the weight of the flower. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the growth temperature condition and the stem diameter.
(1) Plant height: The results shown in FIG. 6 were obtained. In the figure, curve A represents the present invention, curve B represents Comparative Example 1, and curve C represents Comparative Example 2. As is apparent from the figure, according to the present invention, the plant height started to grow significantly from the third week as compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and reached about 100 cm around the 16th week.
[0069]
  On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, when compared with Comparative Example 2, the plant height grew markedly around the 10th week, but the growth stopped around the 15th week and was only 40 cm.
[0070]
  Moreover, the growth of Comparative Example 2 was extremely suppressed and remained at about 20 cm even at the end of the experiment.
(2) Flowering branch rate: The results shown in FIG. 7 were obtained. Each curve A, B, C has the same meaning as in FIG. As is apparent from the figure, according to the present invention, partial flowering started from the first week, followed by sequential flowering, and almost 100% flowering in about 15 weeks. However, the flowering of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was significantly delayed. In Comparative Example 2, the flowering branch rate was almost 0% until the end. Fig. 8 shows the combined plant length and flowering branch rate.
(3) Next, the experimental results of the relationship between the growth temperature condition, cut flower length, cut flower weight, and stem diameter will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0071]
  Cut flower length, flower weight and stem diameter all decreased in the order of 17 ° C./12° C., 24 ° C./19° C., 30 ° C./25° C., and the growth temperature was better. The difference was significant in the order of cut flower weight, cut flower length, stem diameter.
[0072]
    FIGS. 12 to 14 explain the spectral distribution characteristics of the first artificial light source and the second artificial light source in the second form of the plant cultivation facility, and FIG. 12 is a graph showing the spectral distribution characteristics of the first artificial light source. FIG. 13 is a graph showing the wavelength range of 400 to 500 nm in the spectral distribution characteristics of the third artificial light source, and FIG. 14 is a graph showing the same wavelength range of 600 to 700 nm. This formOf the third aspectIt corresponds to a plant cultivation facility, and each light source is constituted by a light emitting diode.
[0073]
  That is, as shown in FIG. 12, the first artificial light source has a light emission peak of 730 nm and is composed of a light emitting diode made of a quaternary mixed crystal of aluminum, indium, and gallium nitride.
[0074]
  Further, as shown in FIG. 13, the second artificial light source has a light emission peak of 445 nm, a first light emitting diode made of a ternary mixed crystal of indium gallium nitride, and as shown in FIG. The peak of light emission is 660 nm, and it is composed of a second light emitting diode made of a quaternary mixed crystal of aluminum, indium and gallium nitride.
[0075]
【The invention's effect】
    According to the invention of claim 1, the long-day plant planted in the plant cultivation facility in which the covering for converting the light quality of sunlight so that the ratio of the red / far-red photon flux density is smaller than 1 is disposed. Arranged to irradiate long-day plants with sunlight that has passed through the cover during the day, and the photon flux density is 0.1 μmol · m mainly at night.^-2・ S^-1By irradiating long-day plants with artificial light that is larger and the ratio of red / far-red photon flux density is less than 1, growth and flowering of florets belonging to long-day plants can be achieved with relatively little capital investment. It is possible to provide a method for cultivating long-day plants that promotes regardless of the cultivation season.
[0076]
    According to the invention of claim 2, mainly at night, when the ambient temperature is 17 ° C. or less, the photon flux density is 0.1 μmol · m.^-2・ S^-1When a long-day plant is irradiated with a first artificial light that is larger artificial light and the ratio of the red / far-red photon flux density is mainly less than 1, the photon flux density is higher when the ambient temperature is 25 ° C. or higher. 0.1 μmol · m^-2・ S^-1By irradiating a long-day plant with a larger second artificial light having a wavelength of mainly 400 to 500 nm, and mainly irradiating the long-day plant with a first and second artificial light when the ambient temperature is 17 to 25 ° C., To provide a method for cultivating long-day plants that can optimally control the growth and flowering of long-day plants according to the seasons, regardless of whether or not the light irradiation during the day is converted to sunlight. it can.
[0077]
    According to invention of Claim 3, the long-day plant planted in the plant cultivation facility which arrange | positioned the coating | covering body which converts light quality of sunlight so that the ratio of the photon flux density of red / far red may become smaller than 1. Arranged and irradiating the long-day plant with sunlight that has passed through the covering in the daytime, and mainly at night, when the ambient temperature is 17 ° C. or less, the photon flux density is 0.1 μmol · m^-2・ S^-1When a long-day plant is irradiated with a first artificial light that is larger artificial light and the ratio of the red / far-red photon flux density is mainly less than 1, the photon flux density is higher when the ambient temperature is 25 ° C. or higher. 0.1 μmol · m^-2・ S^-1By irradiating a long-day plant with a larger second artificial light having a wavelength of mainly 400 to 500 nm, and mainly irradiating the long-day plant with a first and second artificial light when the ambient temperature is 17 to 25 ° C., It is possible to provide a method for cultivating a long-day plant that can optimally control the growth and flowering of the long-day plant according to the season.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a method for cultivating a long-day plant of the present invention andUsed in the practice of the present inventionConceptual diagram of plant cultivation facility showing first form of plant cultivation facility and comparative example
FIG. 2 is also a graph showing the spectral transmittance characteristics of the covering.
FIG. 3 is also a graph showing the spectral distribution characteristics of artificial light
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the spectral distribution characteristics of Comparative Example 1 as well.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the spectral distribution characteristics of Comparative Example 2 as well.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the plant height of the experimental results in the first embodiment of the method for cultivating long-day plants of the present invention while comparing with that of Comparative Examples 1 and 2
FIG. 7 is also a graph showing the flowering branch rate.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing plant height and flowering branch rate at the same time.
FIG. 9 is also a graph showing the relationship between growth temperature conditions and cut flower length.
FIG. 10 is also a graph showing the relationship between growth temperature conditions and cut flower weight.
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between growth temperature conditions and stem diameters.
FIG. 12 shows the present invention.Used for implementationThe graph which shows the spectral distribution characteristic of the 1st artificial light source in the 2nd form of a plant cultivation facility
FIG. 13 is a graph showing a wavelength range of 400 to 500 nm among the spectral distribution characteristics of the third artificial light source.
FIG. 14 is a graph showing the same wavelength range of 600 to 700 nm.
[Explanation of symbols]
      DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Facility structure, 2 ... Covering body, 3 ... Artificial light source, F ... Cultivation bed, H ... Plant cultivation facility, P ... Long-day plant

Claims (3)

A first step of arranging a long-day plant planted in a plant cultivation facility provided with a covering for converting the light quality of sunlight so that the ratio of red / far-red photon flux density is less than 1;
A second step of irradiating a long-day plant with sunlight that has passed through the covering in the daytime;
Mainly, artificial light having a photosynthesis effective photon flux density greater than 0.1 μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ and a red / far red photon density ratio of less than 1 is mainly used in a time zone without sunlight irradiation. A third step of irradiating the plants;
The cultivation method of the long-day plant characterized by comprising. When the ambient temperature is 17 ° C. or lower mainly in a time zone where there is no sunlight irradiation, the photon flux density is artificial light greater than 0.1 μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ , and mainly red / far red. When a first artificial light having a photon flux density ratio smaller than 1 is irradiated to a long-day plant and the ambient temperature is 25 ° C. or higher, the photon flux density is mainly greater than 0.1 μmol · m ⁻² · s ^{−1 at a} wavelength of 400 A long artificial plant is irradiated with second artificial light of ˜500 nm, and when the ambient temperature is 17 to 25 ° C., the first and second artificial light is mainly irradiated to the long biological plant A method for cultivating long-day plants characterized by the above. A first step of arranging a long-day plant planted in a plant cultivation facility provided with a covering for converting the light quality of sunlight so that the ratio of red / far-red photon flux density is less than 1;
A second step of irradiating a long-day plant with sunlight that has passed through the covering in the daytime;
When the ambient temperature is 17 ° C. or lower mainly in a time zone where there is no sunlight irradiation, the photon flux density is artificial light greater than 0.1 μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ , and mainly red / far red. When a first artificial light having a photon flux density ratio smaller than 1 is irradiated to a long-day plant and the ambient temperature is 25 ° C. or higher, the photon flux density is mainly greater than 0.1 μmol · m ⁻² · s ^{−1 at a} wavelength of 400 A third light irradiation step of irradiating a long-day plant with ˜500 nm of second artificial light, and mainly irradiating the long-day plant with first and second artificial light when the ambient temperature is 17 to 25 ° C .;
The cultivation method of the long-day plant characterized by comprising.

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