JP2003339236A - Lighting device and apparatus for plant growth, and method for plant growth - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lighting device for plant growth with which growth of algae and molds on a medium in a cell or a pot for plant growth is controlled by a simple method which relatively readily controls a growth condition and yet does not require manpower, an apparatus for plant growth and a method therefor. <P>SOLUTION: Plants are simultaneously irradiated with ultraviolet lights and visible lights by using the lighting device 10 for plant growth consisting of visible light lamps 11 for growing various plants, for example, white lamps such as fluorescent lights of three wavelength type, HIDs, etc., and an ultraviolet lamp 12 for controlling the growth of the algae and the molds as artificial light sources. In the irradiation, the UV-B exposure dose (at 305 nm wavelength) of the ultraviolet lamp 12 is ≤60 μw/cm<SP>2</SP>, preferably ≤50 μw/cm<SP>2</SP>. Preferably the UV-B exposure dose (at 305 nm wavelength) is ≥0.133 μw/cm<SP>2</SP>based on 1 mol/m<SP>2</SP>/sec exposure dose PPF value of the visible light lamps 11. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a plant growing lighting device, a plant growing device, and a plant growing method. Specifically, in a seedling production system for growing seedlings of plants such as vegetables and flowers, a lighting device for growing plants used as an artificial light source, especially for growing plants that effectively suppresses the generation of algae and mold. The present invention relates to a lighting device, a plant growing device using the lighting device, and a plant growing method in which generation of algae and mold is suppressed.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Due to the aging of agricultural workers and labor shortage,
The division of labor is progressing also in the agricultural field, and in recent years, the number of cases of raising seedlings by a seedling production system using an artificial light source is increasing. In response to this, a seedling production system (plant growing device) using an artificial light source such as a fluorescent lamp is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-
1337107, JP-A-11-103675, JP-A-6-30655, and JP-A-5-1337.
No. 457, etc.

[0003]

However, in these systems, no measures are taken against algae and mold growing on the seedling-producing cells and pots, and the algae and mold become hotbeds for bacteria and the like, and the seedlings become sick. Could be.

Generally, in a seedling production system using an artificial light source, since the surrounding environment (light intensity, temperature, humidity, wind speed) for the seedlings is kept relatively constant, compared with open-field cultivation or greenhouse cultivation, Planned production of seedlings is possible because the growth stages and stem lengths of seedlings are easily aligned and the yield is good.

However, in the case of irrigating cells or pots, there is a tendency to irrigate water or the culture solution in a relatively excessive amount in order to suppress the variation in the amount of water in each medium, and algae and mold grow on the surface of the medium. easy. In addition, if algae or mold grows on the surface of the medium, it may adversely affect the growth of seedlings, and eventually cause important problems such as variations in the growth of seedlings in the cell tray under the same conditions. . In addition, a closed seedling production system (plant seedlings are placed in a space that is shielded from outside light and outside air, and artificially provide appropriate temperature and humidity environment and light environment for the respiration of the plant seedlings in the space. In the case of a system for growing seedlings, the carbon dioxide concentration in the surrounding environment changes significantly due to the respiration of algae and mold,
It is difficult to control photosynthesis, and not only variations in the size of each seedling, but also serious adverse effects such as suppressing the growth of the whole plant may occur.

[0006] As means for suppressing the generation of algae and mold, for example, 1) conservatively control the watering amount to each cell or pot, 2) after the seedlings have grown to a certain size, the drug is sprayed only on the medium. 3) It is conceivable that the producer checks the medium of each cell or pot in detail and directly removes algae and mold by hand.

However, these methods are difficult to be accepted in an actual work site because it is difficult to control the irrigation amount and manpower is required.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and it is a cell for growing plants by a simple method in which the conditions for growing are relatively easy to control and no manpower is required. The purpose is to suppress the generation of algae and mold on the medium in the pot.

[0009]

A lighting device for growing plants according to the present invention is characterized by comprising a visible light lamp for growing plants and an ultraviolet lamp for suppressing the generation of algae and mold.

Further, in the apparatus, the UV-B irradiation amount of the ultraviolet lamp is set to 60 μw / cm 2 or less, and the UV-B irradiation amount of the ultraviolet lamp is set to 1 μmol / sec / irradiation amount PPF value of the visible light lamp. 0.13 for m2
It is better to set it to 3 μw / cm 2 or more.

The plant growing apparatus of the present invention is a plant growing apparatus for growing a plant in a plant growing room by using an artificial lighting device, wherein the artificial lighting device is a visible light lamp for growing a plant and algae or mold. It is characterized by having an ultraviolet lamp for suppressing the generation.

Also in this plant growing apparatus, the UV-B irradiation amount of the ultraviolet lamp is controlled to 60 μw / cm 2 or less,
Further, the UV-B irradiation amount of the ultraviolet lamp is preferably controlled to 0.133 μw / cm 2 or more with respect to the irradiation amount PPF value of 1 μmol / sec / m 2 of the visible light lamp.

The plant growing method of the present invention is characterized in that, in the plant growing method of growing a plant using an artificial light source, it is irradiated with ultraviolet rays to suppress the generation of algae and mold.

In this plant growing method, the irradiation amount of the ultraviolet UV-B waves is set to 60 μw / cm 2 or less, and the irradiation amount of the ultraviolet UV-B waves is set to the irradiation amount P of the visible light lamp.
It is preferably 0.133 μw / cm 2 or more for a PF value of 1 μmol / sec / m 2.

[0015]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a plant growing device which is an embodiment of the present invention. The plant growing device includes a plant growing room 1 in which plants can be placed under a constant environment and a lighting device 10 for growing plants. The lighting device 10 includes a visible light lamp 11 for growing a plurality of plants.
And an ultraviolet lamp 12 for suppressing the generation of mold and algae, a reflecting mirror 133, and a control device (not shown) for controlling the irradiation of the visible light lamp 11 and the ultraviolet lamp 12.
In addition, 2 is a cell for growing plants, and a culture medium for growing is put in the cell 2.

The visible light lamp 11 used in the lighting device 10 for growing plants according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can emit light having a wavelength necessary for growing plants, and a conventional plant growing device is used. What has been used for is used. Specifically, three-wavelength type fluorescent lamps, various fluorescent lamps for so-called plant cultivation, plant viewing, high color rendering type for museums, HID such as metal halide lamps, white light for low pressure sodium lamps, high pressure sodium lamps, etc. System lamps, incandescent lamps with a red light distribution wavelength. These lamps may be used alone, or a plurality of lamps having different wavelength ranges may be used together, for example, a white lamp and an incandescent lamp are combined.

Unlike the above-mentioned visible light lamp, the ultraviolet lamp 12 has a light in the ultraviolet region in a wavelength region shorter than the blue region which is considered to be necessary for plant growth, particularly U.
A device that emits light in the V-B region (approximately 290 to 320 nm) is used. The ultraviolet lamp 12 is used to suppress the generation of mold and algae. That is, according to the present invention, by using the ultraviolet lamp 12 in combination, light in the ultraviolet region, which has been insufficient only by the growing lamps (see the above publications) conventionally used as artificial light sources for growing plants, can be used. By supplementing, it suppresses the generation or growth of mold and algae.

From the viewpoint of the market distribution of seedlings, it tends to be appreciated that a compact seedling that has a vibrant and firm appearance of a seedling while satisfying a predetermined number of expanded leaves is desired. Considering these market needs,
A seedling raising method is preferred in which the growth stage is the same and the stem length of the seedling is shorter than usual. According to the conventional knowledge, light having a short wavelength such as blue acts on the morphogenesis of seedlings and relatively shortens the stem length of seedlings. Therefore, in the present invention, it is possible to supply a seedling with a short stem length that meets the market needs while effectively suppressing the generation and growth of algae and mold by using together with ultraviolet rays having a shorter wavelength than this. To Therefore, in the present invention, a growth lamp that sufficiently contains light on the short wavelength side, such as a three-wavelength type fluorescent lamp, is preferably used.

In the present invention, the irradiation amount of ultraviolet rays is UV-B.
The irradiation amount in a region, specifically 305 nm, is controlled to preferably 60 μw / cm 2 or less, and desirably 50 μw / cm 2 or less. If it exceeds about 60 μw / cm 2 and reaches about 70 μw / cm 2, irregularities appear on the surface of the leaves, or the leaves appear to be curled like boats, which causes adverse effects on the growth of seedlings.

Further, the irradiation amount of ultraviolet rays is preferably
At a wavelength of 305 nm, 0.133 μw for the irradiation PPF value of the visible light lamp 11 of 1 μmol / sec / m 2
It is controlled to be / cm2 or more. That is, when a ratio of visible light to ultraviolet rays contained in the sun rays is equal to or greater than that of ultraviolet rays, the generation of algae and moss can be effectively suppressed. The amount of ultraviolet rays to visible light contained in the sun rays is about 90,000 lxs, P
220μw / cm2 for PF value of 1660μmol / sec / m2
The ratio is 0.133 μw / cm 2 for a PPF value of 1 μmol / sec / m 2. Therefore, in the present invention, it is preferable to control the irradiation amount to be larger than this.

On the other hand, the irradiation amount of the visible light lamp 11 is not particularly limited and is appropriately set depending on the plant species to be grown, but the PPF value is generally in the range of 150 to 400 μmol / sec / m 2. Needless to say, the number is not limited to this range as long as it can be appropriately grown, and may be less than or more than this range. However, if you try to irradiate beyond this range, if you try to maintain the ratio of the amount of ultraviolet rays in the sunlight, the amount of ultraviolet rays to be irradiated (absolute amount) will exceed 70 μw / cm2, and the seedling growth May be adversely affected. Therefore, in this case, the ratio of the amount of ultraviolet rays to be irradiated is 1 μmol / sec / PPF value.
By making m2 smaller than 0.133 μw / cm2, adverse effects can be avoided.

The irradiation amount in the present invention is 10 cm above the tray surface where the seedlings are planted, that is, the surface of the culture medium (culture solution), in the absence of obstacles such as plant stems and leaves. UV lamp 12 when measured
The irradiation amount of 1 means the irradiation amount measured using an ultraviolet ray measuring device, and the irradiation amount of the visible light lamp 11 means the photosynthetic effective photon flux per unit area measured using the PPF meter. Here, the photosynthetic effective photon flux (PPF: Photosynthetic P
hoton Flux) refers to the photon flux (the number of particles emitted per unit time) contained in the wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm that is effective for photosynthesis.

As described above, according to the present invention, by using the ultraviolet lamp 12 together, the generation and growth of community algae and mold, which are apt to become a hotbed for harmful bacteria and pests, are suppressed.
This reduces the chances of the seedlings becoming ill. In addition, generation of cluster algae that absorb water and carbon dioxide necessary for seedlings can be suppressed, so that seedlings can be raised and yield can be improved. Furthermore, by controlling the irradiation dose of ultraviolet rays within an appropriate range, it is possible to reduce the deformation of the seedlings while keeping the same growth stage and shortening the stem length. It is possible to efficiently produce seedlings that live.

The lighting device 10 is arranged so that the light emitted from the visible light lamp 11 and the ultraviolet lamp 12 is preferably uniformly applied to the seedlings in the cell 2. In the lighting device 10 shown in FIG. 1, six straight tube-shaped growing lamps are arranged substantially in parallel, and one ultraviolet lamp 12 is arranged at substantially the center of the lighting device 10. As long as the quantity can be secured, it does not matter about the arrangement or the number of them, and the growing lamp and the ultraviolet lamp 12
Are arranged at appropriate intervals. It should be noted that in FIG. 1, the state in which visible light is irradiated is schematically shown by a broken line, and the state in which ultraviolet light is irradiated is only schematically shown by a one-dot broken line, and does not indicate an actual irradiation state.

[0025]

EXAMPLES Next, seedlings were actually grown using the plant growing apparatus of the present invention, and the effects of the present invention were confirmed. Inside the plant growing room,
Air temperature 27-29 ° C, relative humidity 70%, CO2 concentration 100
Under an environmental condition of 0 μmol / mol, sweet potato (cultivar: venezma) seedlings were grown for 2 weeks. A white fluorescent lamp (EX-N-H, manufactured by Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.) and a UV-B lamp for sunburn were used as the white light source for the light source of the lighting device for growing plants. As shown in Fig. 1, one UV lamp is placed near the central ceiling of the plant growing room, and three UV lamps are placed on each of the left and right sides.
Each white fluorescent lamp was placed at a height of about 2.5 m above the ground. Photosynthetic effective photon flux is 300 μmol / sec / m2
(21,000 lxs) The light irradiation time per day was 16 hours for the light period and 8 hours for the dark period.

Example 1 38.4 μw / cm 2 UV-B
(Irradiance ratio: 0.12 for PPF value 1 μmol / sec / m2
The UV lamp and the fluorescent lamp were controlled so that the amount of light was 8 μw / cm2), and the evaluation of the stem length and the number of developed leaves and the growth of algae and mold after 2 weeks of growth, with and without UV irradiation. The appearance was compared for the growth condition of. The results for stem length are shown in Table 1 and the number of developed leaves is shown in Table 2. According to this experiment, there was a clear difference in the growth of algae and mold between the two, and almost no algae or mold grew when irradiated with ultraviolet rays. In addition, regarding the stem length, a significant difference was found between them by t-test (danger rate 5%), and the stem length tended to be shortened. On the other hand, regarding the development fraction, no significant difference was observed between the two by t-test (danger rate 5%), and no adverse effect due to ultraviolet irradiation was observed.

[0027]

[Table 1]

[0028]

[Table 2]

(Example 2) UV-B of 50 μw / cm 2 (illuminance ratio: 0.167 μw for PPF value of 1 μmol / sec / m 2).
/ Cm2) and 70μw / cm2 UV-B (illuminance ratio: PPF
A value of 1 μmol / sec / m 2 was irradiated with 0.233 μw / cm 2) and the same comparative test as in Example 1 was conducted. In this test, the generation of algae and mold could be suppressed in both cases of 50 μw / cm 2 and 70 μw / cm 2. But 7
Under the condition of 0 μw / cm2, unevenness appears on the leaf surface,
While the leaves appeared to be deformed such as curled up like a boat, 50μ
Under the condition of w / cm2, such a phenomenon did not appear at all. Further, compared with Example 1, the case of 50 μw / cm 2 is 7
In the case of 0 μw / cm 2, the generation of algae and mold tended to be small, and the stem length was the same as or shorter than that in Example 1 in all cases.

[0030]

According to the present invention, since a visible light lamp for growing plants and an ultraviolet lamp for suppressing the generation of algae and mold are used together, the amount of irrigation can be adjusted or the algae manually Generation of algae and mold on the medium without removing
Growth can be suppressed. In particular, by irradiating ultraviolet rays, which are on the short wavelength side of blue, the growth stages of seedlings can be made almost the same, and moreover, it can contribute to the growth of seedlings with short stem length. In this way, it is possible to efficiently provide seedlings with a short stem length that have high market needs.

The UV-B irradiation dose of ultraviolet rays is 60 μw.
By setting it to be / cm2 or less, the generation of algae and mold can be suppressed within the range where the growth of seedlings is not adversely affected.

Further, since the irradiation amount of the ultraviolet rays UV-B is 0.133 μw / cm 2 or more for the irradiation amount PPF value of the visible light lamp of 1 μmol / sec / m 2, the irradiation amount higher than that of the sun rays. It can give a certain amount of ultraviolet rays and can suppress the generation of algae and mold more efficiently than natural light.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a plant growing device which is an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 plant upbringing room 10 Lighting equipment for growing plants 11 Visible light lamp for growing plants 12 Ultraviolet lamp for suppressing the generation of algae and mold

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Akihide Kudo             1048, Kadoma, Kadoma-shi, Osaka Matsushita Electric Works Co., Ltd.             Inside the company F term (reference) 2B022 AA01 DA01 DA08

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A lighting device for growing plants, comprising a visible light lamp for growing plants and an ultraviolet lamp for suppressing the generation of algae and mold. 2. The UV-B irradiation amount of the ultraviolet lamp is 6
The lighting device for growing plants according to claim 1, wherein the lighting device is 0 μw / cm 2 or less. 3. The UV-B irradiation amount of the ultraviolet lamp is 0.133 μw / cm 2 or more with respect to the irradiation amount PPF value of the visible light lamp of 1 μmol / sec / m 2. Lighting equipment for growing plants. 4. A plant growing device for growing a plant in a plant growing room using an artificial lighting device, wherein the artificial lighting device is a visible light lamp for growing a plant and an ultraviolet lamp for suppressing the generation of algae and mold. A plant growing device comprising: 5. The UV-B irradiation amount of the ultraviolet lamp is 6
5. The temperature is controlled to 0 μw / cm2 or less.
The plant growing device described in. 6. The UV-B irradiation amount of the ultraviolet lamp is controlled to be 0.133 μw / cm 2 or more with respect to the irradiation amount PPF value of the visible light lamp of 1 μmol / sec / m 2. The plant growing device described in. 7. A plant growing method for growing a plant using an artificial light source, which comprises irradiating ultraviolet rays to suppress the generation of algae and mold. 8. The irradiation amount of the ultraviolet UV-B wave is 60 μm.
The method for growing plants according to claim 7, characterized in that the w / cm 2 is not more than. 9. The irradiation amount of the ultraviolet UV-B waves is 0.133 μw / cm2 or more with respect to the irradiation amount PPF value of the visible light lamp of 1 μμmol / sec / m2. Plant growing method.