JP2809873B2 - Plant cultivation equipment - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a plant cultivation apparatus for cultivating plants such as vegetables by light radiation of an artificial light source.

Conventional technology Effectively and appropriately controls growth environment conditions such as light emission intensity, temperature, humidity, airflow conditions, CO ₂ concentration, moisture, nutrients, etc. In recent years, research and development of so-called plant factories that cultivate and produce
It has been activated and some have been put to practical use. As a method of supplying light radiation in a plant factory, there are a completely natural light utilization method, a hybrid light method using both natural light and artificial light, and a completely artificial light utilization method. In order to meet the purpose of a plant factory that cultivates and produces vegetables and other plants with high quality, high efficiency, and stability, it is desirable to use a method of cultivating under more complete growth environment control. However, it is ideal to adopt a method using completely artificial light. Generally, metal halide lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps, fluorescent lamps and the like are used alone or in combination as artificial light sources.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention In a plant factory using a completely artificial light, the ratio of the light radiation energy cost to the production cost is large. For example, even when producing leafy vegetables such as salads and lettuce that can keep light radiation energy low, electricity costs account for about 40% of production costs, and light radiation energy costs account for about 70% of that cost. is occupying.
For this reason, the reduction of light radiation energy costs, which account for a large proportion of the production costs, in order to commercialize a plant factory that uses the completely artificial light method, which can demonstrate the advantages of the industrial production method, such as quality and production stability. It is an important issue. An object of the present invention is to provide a plant cultivation method and a plant cultivation device that can solve the above-mentioned problems.

Means for Solving the Problems To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a light emission (PAR) source having a wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm and a far-red light emission source (a wavelength range of 700 to 800 nm having a main wavelength range). Light emission sources), and the ratio of the light emission intensity of both is 1.3 to 0.6 at a photon flux density ratio of 600 to 700 nm / 700 to 800 nm.

Action According to the above configuration, compared to the growth under the light emitting environment of only the PAR light emitting source, which is considered to be effective from the viewpoint of photosynthesis for controlling the substance production of plants, it has a wavelength range of 700 to 800 nm. Photomorphogenesis based on irradiation from a red light source promotes plant internode and leaf vein elongation. As a result, the plant height of the cultivated plant elongates and the leaf area increases, and further the plant height approaches the light radiation source and the amount of received light increases. In addition, internode elongation of the plant reduces the interception of light radiation by the leaves, resulting in an increase in the amount of light radiation received by the entire plant. For this reason, the utilization efficiency of light radiant energy is enhanced, the increase in the live weight of the plant is accelerated, the required period of plant production is short-circuited, and the ratio of the light radiant energy cost to the production cost is improved.

Embodiment Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention.

A wind tunnel 3 for circulating air with the cultivation room 2 is provided in the wind tunnel type growth cabinet 1, and air is circulated by a fan 4 and the wind speed is adjusted. A temperature adjusting unit 5, a temperature adjusting unit 6, and a CO ₂ concentration adjusting unit 7 are provided, and the temperature, humidity, and CO ₂ concentration in the growth cabinet 1 are adjusted.

PAR (Photosynthetically
Active Radiation, photosynthetically effective light radiation), ie 400-700
A plurality of fluorescent lamps 8a for PAR irradiation having a main wavelength in the wavelength range of nm and far-red light emission, that is, a plurality of fluorescent lamps 8b for far-red light emission having a main wavelength in the wavelength range of 700 to 800 nm are horizontal and The fluorescent lamp for PAR irradiation and the fluorescent lamp for irradiating far-red light are arranged in parallel, and can be individually turned on and off. These fluorescent lamps
Below 8a and 8b, a cultivation bed 9 having water retention is arranged. A required amount of culture solution is supplied to the cultivation bed 9 by a drip method, and water and nutrients are supplied to the plants cultivated in the cultivation bed 9.

Next, an experimental example in which plant cultivation was performed using the four devices described above will be described.

Sunflower (Helianthus Annus), which has been continuously cultivated for seven years as a cultivated plant A and has a genetic homogeneity
L.cv Russian Manmoth) seeds were germinated and grown under a three-band fluorescent lamp for PAR irradiation having the spectral distribution characteristics shown by the dotted line in FIG. A uniform young plant on day 8 of sowing in which the fourth leaf was developing was used. In each of the four growth cabinets 1, only four 55-W fluorescent lamps for PAR irradiation having a spectral distribution characteristic shown by dotted lines in FIG. In addition to four 55W fluorescent lamps,
One, five, and nine 20W fluorescent lamps for irradiating far-red light shown by solid lines in FIG. 2 were provided. For far-red light irradiation
At the place where the 20W fluorescent lamp is not added, a lamp in which the 20W fluorescent lamp is covered with black paper is placed so that the temperature uniformity of each growth cabinet is ensured. The light emission environment conditions in each cabinet
It is shown in the table. All lamps are lit continuously for 24 hours,
The temperature was controlled at 25 ° C. and the relative temperature was controlled at 70%. Cultivation was performed by a hydroponic method using a culture solution (Otsuka House No. 1, No. 2 standard concentration culture solution). In addition, air was supplied to the rhizosphere by an air pump.

Table 2 shows the experimental results. Live weight is second
As shown in the table, in the far-red light emission treatment section in which one, five, and nine far-red light emission fluorescent lamps were added, respectively, the live weight was higher than the control section in which the far-red light emission was not irradiated. On the 8th day after the far-red light emission treatment, the weights increased 1.2 times, 1.6 times, and 1.9 times, respectively, and the dry matter increased 1.1 times, 1.7 times, and 1.9 times, respectively.
By performing the far-red light radiation treatment, the increase in the live weight and dry matter weight of the plant is accelerated, the time required for plant production is shortened, and the production cost can be reduced.

Effects of the Invention According to the above configuration, compared to the growth under a light-emitting environment of only a PAR light-emitting source, which is effective from the viewpoint of photosynthesis controlling plant material production, a wavelength range of 700 to 800 nm. The growth of internodes and veins of plants is promoted by photomorphogenesis based on irradiation from a far-red light radiation source having the following. As a result, the plant height of the cultivated plant elongates and the leaf area increases, and further the plant height approaches the light radiation source and the amount of received light increases. In addition, internode elongation of the plant reduces the interception of light radiation by the leaves, resulting in an increase in the amount of light radiation received by the entire plant. For this reason, the utilization efficiency of light radiant energy is enhanced, the increase in the living weight of the plant is accelerated, the period required for plant production is shortened, and the ratio of the light radiant energy cost to the production cost is improved, and the effect is increased. Things.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a cultivation apparatus showing one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a PAR irradiation three-wavelength-range fluorescent lamp and far-red light used in a plant growth experiment using the same. It is a spectral-distribution-characteristic figure of the fluorescent lamp for irradiation. 8a: PAR irradiation light source, 8b: Far-red light radiation irradiation light source, 9: Cultivation bed, A: Plant.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-2-60527 (JP, A) JP-A-62-126915 (JP, A) JP-A-63-79531 (JP, A) JP-A-49-49 45581 (JP, A) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) A01G 7/00

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A light emitting (PAR) source having a main wavelength in a wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm and a far-red light emitting source (light emitting source having a main wavelength in a wavelength range of 700 to 800 nm) are arranged in combination. The ratio of the light emission intensity of the two is the photon flux density ratio of 600 to 700 nm / 700 to 800 n
A plant cultivation apparatus, wherein the value of m is 1.3 to 0.6.