JP2003514935A - ポリ(ジアリルアミン)ポリマー類の使用 - Google Patents
ポリ(ジアリルアミン)ポリマー類の使用Info
- Publication number
- JP2003514935A JP2003514935A JP2001538997A JP2001538997A JP2003514935A JP 2003514935 A JP2003514935 A JP 2003514935A JP 2001538997 A JP2001538997 A JP 2001538997A JP 2001538997 A JP2001538997 A JP 2001538997A JP 2003514935 A JP2003514935 A JP 2003514935A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- formula
- diallylamine
- poly
- group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/0605—Polycondensates containing five-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C08G73/0611—Polycondensates containing five-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with only one nitrogen atom in the ring, e.g. polypyrroles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/69—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit
- A61K47/6949—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit inclusion complexes, e.g. clathrates, cavitates or fullerenes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P41/00—Drugs used in surgical methods, e.g. surgery adjuvants for preventing adhesion or for vitreum substitution
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y5/00—Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Obesity (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9927088.6 | 1999-11-17 | ||
| GBGB9927088.6A GB9927088D0 (en) | 1999-11-17 | 1999-11-17 | Use of poly(diallylamine) polymers |
| PCT/GB2000/004308 WO2001036510A2 (en) | 1999-11-17 | 2000-11-10 | Use of poly(diallylamine) polymers |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003514935A true JP2003514935A (ja) | 2003-04-22 |
| JP2003514935A5 JP2003514935A5 (enExample) | 2007-12-20 |
Family
ID=10864611
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001538997A Pending JP2003514935A (ja) | 1999-11-17 | 2000-11-10 | ポリ(ジアリルアミン)ポリマー類の使用 |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7767229B1 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1265942B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2003514935A (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE287911T1 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU772653B2 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2391539C (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE60017805T2 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB9927088D0 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2001036510A2 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (38)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB0606016D0 (en) * | 2006-03-25 | 2006-05-03 | Ionic Polymer Solutions Ltd | Quaternary ammonium compounds and their uses |
| GB0613013D0 (en) | 2006-06-30 | 2006-08-09 | Novel Polymer Solutions Ltd | Polymeric Materials and Methods for Manufacturing Them |
| DE102010002141A1 (de) | 2010-02-19 | 2011-08-25 | Momentive Performance Materials GmbH, 51373 | Integrale Bestrahlungseinheit |
| WO2012017233A1 (en) | 2010-08-02 | 2012-02-09 | Novel Polymer Solutions Limited | Methods of coating a low surface energy substrate |
| JP5986081B2 (ja) | 2010-08-02 | 2016-09-06 | シンター ファイン ケミカルズ リミテッド | 複合部材及びその製造方法 |
| WO2012017235A1 (en) | 2010-08-02 | 2012-02-09 | Novel Polymer Solutions Limited | Covered floors and methods of adhering flooring to a floor |
| MX366925B (es) | 2010-11-04 | 2019-07-31 | Albireo Ab | Inhibidores de ibat para el tratamiento de enfermedades hepaticas. |
| GB201105453D0 (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2011-05-18 | Novel Polymer Solutions Ltd | Window frames, structural elements for a roofed construction and methods of assembling same |
| CN103732374B (zh) | 2011-08-18 | 2018-10-30 | 迈图高新材料股份有限公司 | 照射和成型单元 |
| GB201115823D0 (en) | 2011-09-13 | 2011-10-26 | Novel Polymer Solutions Ltd | Mineral processing |
| WO2013186185A1 (de) | 2012-06-11 | 2013-12-19 | Momentive Performance Materials Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von kunststoff-verbundformkörpern |
| KR102633597B1 (ko) | 2013-06-05 | 2024-02-06 | 트리시다, 인크. | 경구 투여를 위한 양성자-결합 중합체 |
| CA2952406A1 (en) | 2014-06-25 | 2015-12-30 | Ea Pharma Co., Ltd. | Solid formulation and method for preventing or reducing coloration thereof |
| IL322207A (en) | 2014-12-10 | 2025-09-01 | Tricida Inc | Proton-binding polymers for oral administration |
| CN108601744B (zh) | 2016-02-09 | 2022-01-04 | 阿尔比里奥公司 | 口服考来烯胺制剂及其用途 |
| JP6954927B2 (ja) | 2016-02-09 | 2021-10-27 | アルビレオ・アクチボラグ | 経口コレスチラミン製剤及びその使用 |
| CA3011595C (en) | 2016-02-09 | 2024-01-02 | Albireo Ab | Cholestyramine pellets and methods for preparation thereof |
| IL262660B2 (en) | 2016-05-06 | 2024-04-01 | Tricida Inc | Compositions for and method of treating acid-base disorders |
| CN111032019B (zh) | 2017-08-09 | 2022-07-05 | 阿尔比里奥公司 | 考来烯胺颗粒、口服考来烯胺制剂及其用途 |
| US10934380B1 (en) | 2017-09-25 | 2021-03-02 | Tricida, Inc. | Crosslinked poly(allylamine) polymer pharmaceutical compositions |
| IL319146A (en) | 2017-11-03 | 2025-04-01 | Tricida Inc | Compositions for and method of treating acid-base disorders |
| JP7391048B2 (ja) | 2018-06-05 | 2023-12-04 | アルビレオ・アクチボラグ | ベンゾチア(ジ)アゼピン化合物及び胆汁酸モジュレータとしてのそれらの使用 |
| US11801226B2 (en) | 2018-06-20 | 2023-10-31 | Albireo Ab | Pharmaceutical formulation of odevixibat |
| KR20210024033A (ko) | 2018-06-20 | 2021-03-04 | 알비레오 에이비 | 오데빅시바트의 약학 제제 |
| US10722457B2 (en) | 2018-08-09 | 2020-07-28 | Albireo Ab | Oral cholestyramine formulation and use thereof |
| US11549878B2 (en) | 2018-08-09 | 2023-01-10 | Albireo Ab | In vitro method for determining the adsorbing capacity of an insoluble adsorbant |
| US11007142B2 (en) | 2018-08-09 | 2021-05-18 | Albireo Ab | Oral cholestyramine formulation and use thereof |
| SG11202108566VA (en) | 2019-02-06 | 2021-09-29 | Albireo Ab | Benzothiadiazepine compounds and their use as bile acid modulators |
| CN113453753B (zh) | 2019-02-06 | 2024-07-23 | 阿尔比里奥公司 | 苯并硫氮杂环庚三烯化合物及其用作胆汁酸调节剂的用途 |
| CN114786772B (zh) | 2019-12-04 | 2024-04-09 | 阿尔比里奥公司 | 苯并硫杂(二)氮杂环庚三烯化合物及其作为胆汁酸调节剂的用途 |
| CA3158181A1 (en) | 2019-12-04 | 2021-06-10 | Albireo Ab | Benzothia(di)azepine compounds and their use as bile acid modulators |
| WO2021110885A1 (en) | 2019-12-04 | 2021-06-10 | Albireo Ab | Benzothiadiazepine compounds and their use as bile acid modulators |
| JP7665621B2 (ja) | 2019-12-04 | 2025-04-21 | アルビレオ・アクチボラグ | ベンゾチアゼピン化合物及び胆汁酸モジュレータとしてのそれらの使用 |
| CA3158195A1 (en) | 2019-12-04 | 2021-06-10 | Per-Goran Gillberg | Benzothia(di)azepine compounds and their use as bile acid modulators |
| ES3002777T3 (en) | 2020-08-03 | 2025-03-07 | Albireo Ab | Benzothia(di)azepine compounds and their use as bile acid modulators |
| AU2021379076A1 (en) | 2020-11-12 | 2023-06-08 | Albireo Ab | Odevixibat for treating progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (pfic) |
| BR112023010799A2 (pt) | 2020-12-04 | 2023-10-03 | Albireo Ab | Compostos de benzotia(di)azepina e seus usos como moduladores de ácidos biliares |
| CN117412955A (zh) | 2021-06-03 | 2024-01-16 | 阿尔比里奥公司 | 苯并硫杂(二)氮杂环庚三烯化合物及其作为胆汁酸调节剂的用途 |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5035279A (enExample) * | 1973-06-12 | 1975-04-03 | ||
| JPS51136774A (en) * | 1975-05-07 | 1976-11-26 | Ici Australia Ltd | Polymerization method of allyl amine monomer mixture |
| JPS6422924A (en) * | 1987-06-25 | 1989-01-25 | Hercules Inc | Method for lowering serum cholesterol by polydiarylmethylamine derivative |
| WO1998029107A2 (en) * | 1996-12-30 | 1998-07-09 | Geltex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Poly(diallylamine)-based bile acid sequestrants |
| WO1999022744A1 (en) * | 1997-11-05 | 1999-05-14 | Geltex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Use of aliphatic polyamines for reducing oxalate |
| WO1999022721A2 (en) * | 1997-11-05 | 1999-05-14 | Geltex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Unsubstituted polydiallylamine for treating hypercholesterolemia |
| JP2000034325A (ja) * | 1998-07-02 | 2000-02-02 | Natl Starch & Chem Investment Holding Corp | アリル化アミド化合物製のパッケ―ジ封入剤 |
| JP2000143597A (ja) * | 1998-07-02 | 2000-05-23 | Natl Starch & Chem Investment Holding Corp | アリル化アミド化合物および前記化合物から製造されるダイアタッチ接着剤 |
| JP2002521531A (ja) * | 1998-07-25 | 2002-07-16 | イギリス国 | ポリマー製造 |
| JP2002521529A (ja) * | 1998-07-25 | 2002-07-16 | イギリス国 | 単量体及び、それらから得られる網状高分子 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE520401A (enExample) * | 1952-06-03 | |||
| JPS5747302A (en) * | 1980-09-03 | 1982-03-18 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | Preparation of crosslinkable electrolytic polymer |
| JPS62257481A (ja) | 1986-04-30 | 1987-11-10 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | 染料固着剤 |
| JPH021358A (ja) * | 1988-03-01 | 1990-01-05 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | インクジェット記録紙用薬剤 |
| US6726905B1 (en) | 1997-11-05 | 2004-04-27 | Genzyme Corporation | Poly (diallylamines)-based phosphate binders |
-
1999
- 1999-11-17 GB GBGB9927088.6A patent/GB9927088D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2000
- 2000-11-10 AT AT00974674T patent/ATE287911T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-11-10 CA CA002391539A patent/CA2391539C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-11-10 WO PCT/GB2000/004308 patent/WO2001036510A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-11-10 EP EP00974674A patent/EP1265942B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-10 US US10/130,246 patent/US7767229B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-11-10 AU AU12893/01A patent/AU772653B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-11-10 DE DE60017805T patent/DE60017805T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-10 JP JP2001538997A patent/JP2003514935A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5035279A (enExample) * | 1973-06-12 | 1975-04-03 | ||
| JPS51136774A (en) * | 1975-05-07 | 1976-11-26 | Ici Australia Ltd | Polymerization method of allyl amine monomer mixture |
| JPS6422924A (en) * | 1987-06-25 | 1989-01-25 | Hercules Inc | Method for lowering serum cholesterol by polydiarylmethylamine derivative |
| WO1998029107A2 (en) * | 1996-12-30 | 1998-07-09 | Geltex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Poly(diallylamine)-based bile acid sequestrants |
| WO1999022744A1 (en) * | 1997-11-05 | 1999-05-14 | Geltex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Use of aliphatic polyamines for reducing oxalate |
| WO1999022721A2 (en) * | 1997-11-05 | 1999-05-14 | Geltex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Unsubstituted polydiallylamine for treating hypercholesterolemia |
| JP2000034325A (ja) * | 1998-07-02 | 2000-02-02 | Natl Starch & Chem Investment Holding Corp | アリル化アミド化合物製のパッケ―ジ封入剤 |
| JP2000143597A (ja) * | 1998-07-02 | 2000-05-23 | Natl Starch & Chem Investment Holding Corp | アリル化アミド化合物および前記化合物から製造されるダイアタッチ接着剤 |
| JP2002521531A (ja) * | 1998-07-25 | 2002-07-16 | イギリス国 | ポリマー製造 |
| JP2002521529A (ja) * | 1998-07-25 | 2002-07-16 | イギリス国 | 単量体及び、それらから得られる網状高分子 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE287911T1 (de) | 2005-02-15 |
| CA2391539C (en) | 2009-08-11 |
| EP1265942A2 (en) | 2002-12-18 |
| WO2001036510A3 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
| GB9927088D0 (en) | 2000-01-12 |
| US7767229B1 (en) | 2010-08-03 |
| EP1265942B1 (en) | 2005-01-26 |
| AU1289301A (en) | 2001-05-30 |
| WO2001036510A2 (en) | 2001-05-25 |
| DE60017805T2 (de) | 2006-01-12 |
| DE60017805D1 (de) | 2005-03-03 |
| AU772653B2 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
| CA2391539A1 (en) | 2001-05-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP1265942B1 (en) | Use of poly(diallylamine) polymers | |
| EP2175866B1 (en) | Novel one step process for preparing cross-linked poly(allylamine) polymers | |
| JP6475624B2 (ja) | 高血圧症及び高カリウム血症を治療するためのカリウム結合剤 | |
| IL44967A (en) | Preparations for the reduction of serum cholesterol in the blood and for the binding of bile acids to polymers | |
| CN101687961B (zh) | 交联聚烯丙胺或其酸加成盐及其医药用途 | |
| AU2006292752A1 (en) | Polymeric compositions and methods of making and using thereof | |
| JP2001515934A (ja) | 治療的に有用な分解産物を有するポリアンヒドリド | |
| WO2010002450A2 (en) | Micelles for delivery of nitric oxide | |
| EP2694079B1 (en) | Polymers and methods for the treatment of pain | |
| JP2005505675A (ja) | 高分子ミセルを形成するpH応答性生分解性ポリ乳酸誘導体及び難溶性薬物伝達体への当該誘導体の使用 | |
| JP2004505066A (ja) | リパーゼ阻害物質の新規用途 | |
| JPH0678425B2 (ja) | 重合体の新規製造法 | |
| JP4465193B2 (ja) | リン酸塩輸送インヒビター | |
| WO2010132662A1 (en) | Powder formulations of potassium-binding active agents | |
| HUP0001012A2 (hu) | Epesav adszorbens hatású keresztkötött vinil polimerek | |
| CN103167874A (zh) | 美昔前列素在炎性肠病和/或肠易激综合症的治疗中的用途 | |
| CN101265331A (zh) | Peg改性phpma材料及其制备方法 | |
| WO2005072752A1 (ja) | 高リン血症の予防又は治療剤 | |
| JP4699635B2 (ja) | 徐放性薬剤組成物 | |
| JPH02279709A (ja) | ポリスチレンアニオン交換樹脂 | |
| KR20050017922A (ko) | 온도민감성 리포좀을 이용한 항암제제 및 그 제조방법 | |
| JPH0225469A (ja) | プロパルギルグアニジン誘導体及びその製造方法 | |
| HK1140945B (en) | Novel one step process for preparing cross-linked poly(allylamine) polymers | |
| JPS6364403B2 (enExample) | ||
| JPWO1998039036A1 (ja) | X線造影剤 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20071031 |
|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20071031 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20110526 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20110614 |
|
| A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20110908 |
|
| A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20110915 |
|
| A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20120417 |