JP2001019580A - Composting treatment for organic waste and apparatus used therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To eliminate the need of a deodorizing treatment and compost an organic waste without using an electrical energy by mixing the organic waste with a photophilic/thermophilic microorganism group, filling the resultant mixture in a hermetically sealed chamber, applying a light energy to the organic waste and fermenting and photolyzing the organic waste. SOLUTION: This apparatus A for a composting treatment is obtained by forming a hermetically sealed chamber 18 of a horizontal rectangular cross section from a peripheral wall 12, a ceiling wall and a floor wall 16 and dividing the hermetically sealed chamber 18 into a first treating chamber 18a, a second treating chamber 18b and a third treating chamber 18c with partition walls 20. A mixture prepared by mixing a garbage with KN bacteria is initially piled up in the first treating chamber 18a to prepare starter bacteria while repeating, gas stirring and scattering of a photolytic and fermentation liquor. The garbage is then mixed with the starter bacteria and piled up in the second treating chamber 18b and the third treating chamber 18c and the composting treatment is performed while similarly repeating the gas stirring and scattering of the photolytic and fermentation liquor. At this time, sunshine is used as the light energy for light emission and photolysis.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a novel method and apparatus for composting organic waste using photophilic / thermophilic microorganisms. In particular, the present invention relates to an organic waste composting method and apparatus suitable for performing in places where odor generation is disliked, such as urban areas and parks.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Recently, instead of conventional incineration or dumping of organic waste in landfills, from the viewpoint of environmental friendliness, microorganisms (such as bacteria and yeast) are used to ferment and decompose organic waste. Composting (compost)
Method has been proposed and is being implemented.

[0003]

However, the conventional composting garbage processing apparatus (organic waste composting processing apparatus) is
Particularly in the case of large-sized ones, it was necessary to add a deodorizing treatment device. This is because in ordinary microorganism treatment, it is difficult to deodorize, especially at the time of introduction and for a while after the start of fermentation and decomposition.

In addition, the garbage disposal apparatus needs to be stirred occasionally and heated up to the fermentation temperature (treatment temperature), and each requires electric energy for heating.

[0005] Furthermore, garbage contains high content of salt (shio) such as pickles, miso, soy sauce, and salt. There was a risk of occurrence.

In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a novel method and apparatus for composting an organic waste that does not require deodorization.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for composting an organic waste capable of significantly reducing electric energy.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for composting an organic waste, which do not cause salt damage even when used directly as a fertilizer.

[0009]

According to one aspect of the present invention, an organic waste composting method comprises mixing an organic waste with a group of photophilic / thermophilic microorganisms (including original bacteria) and mixing the organic waste with the microorganism. After filling (injecting) the organic waste, light energy is given to the organic waste for fermentation and composting, thereby achieving the first problem (object).
Is to solve.

[0010] Another one of the organic waste composting treatment methods of the present invention solves the above second problem by using or mainly using solar energy as light energy in the above configuration.

[0011] In the above method, a gas storage section is formed above the organic waste filling section, and the gas stored in the gas storage section is circulated and introduced to the bottom side of the organic waste filling section to form an organic exhaust gas. By performing gas agitation of the material, and further, by forming a waste liquid storage portion on the bottom side of the organic waste filling portion, and spraying the waste liquid stored in the waste liquid storage portion on the upper surface of the organic waste filling portion, The second problem can be solved more efficiently.

Another one of the organic waste composting treatment methods of the present invention solves the above third problem by providing the microorganism group in the above first configuration, wherein the microorganism group includes a halophilic microorganism. It is.

[0013]

[Detailed Description of Means] Next, each component of the above means will be described in detail.

In the method for composting organic waste according to the present invention, the organic waste is mixed with a group of photophilic / thermophilic microorganisms (including original bacteria), filled (closed) into a closed chamber, and then charged with the organic waste. It is characterized in that composting is performed by giving light energy to a product and fermenting it.

Here, the organic waste includes garbage discharged from households, hotels, restaurants, food service centers, food processing factories, food markets, etc. (from garbage, okara, eggs, etc.). Besides, grass, livestock excrement (chicken dung, cow dung, horse dung, pig dung) and the like are included.

The term "photophilic / thermophilic microorganisms" refers to a group of microorganisms having both photophilic / thermophilic properties.
For example, photosynthetic bacteria having thermophilicity can be used. The photosynthetic bacteria are not particularly limited, such as red bacteria, green bacteria, aerobic photosynthetic bacteria, heliobacterium and the like. Naturally, a heat-resistant yeast that grows using light as energy can also be used.

Here, the thermophilic bacterium is a general term for a bacterium that has an optimum growth temperature of 50 to 105 ° C. and hardly grows at a temperature of 30 ° C. or less.
ic), that is, the optimal temperature for growth is 25 to 40 ° C.,
Above 50 ° C., it is generally difficult to grow. Bacteria capable of growing at high or constant temperatures are thermore- tive bacteria.
stant bacteria). (See Iwanami Biological Dictionary, 4th Edition, edited by Yasugi et al. (1996-3-21) Iwanami, p. 452), but in the present specification, thermophilic bacteria also include thermostable bacteria. This is because the temperature in the closed room becomes high in the daytime, but in the nighttime, if the temperature is not adjusted, the temperature is usually lowered to the optimal growth temperature of bacteria of 25 to 40 ° C.

Further, in the present invention, it is preferable that the microorganisms include those which are halophilic so that there is no risk of salt damage when the compost is fertilized. Here, the term "halophilic" means "the property of bacteria or fungi that prefer a medium having a salt concentration of 5 to 10 wt% or more", and a large amount of Na ⁺ is taken into the cells to lower the salt concentration. It is estimated to be. (See p. 424) The microorganism group having these photophilic / thermophilic characteristics is not particularly limited as long as these requirements are satisfied. For example, the "KN fungi" group manufactured and sold by the Kira Microbial Research Institute (Yama 23 in the Samema character, Kira-cho, Hazu-gun, Aichi Prefecture) can be suitably used. The "Kay fungi" also has halophilicity.

[0019] The "Kay fungus" group is a group of microorganisms in which the present inventors have cultured and stabilized seed microorganisms (species of microorganisms) collected from various parts of Japan for more than 40 years in factories as described below.

At the root of a large tree (usually over 100 years old) at a mountain or shrine in various parts of Japan, a small hole (both in diameter and depth is about 10 to 10)
15cm) and dig there, sugar 50-100cc, vinegar 10
Add ~ 15 cc, cover the soil and leave for 2-3 days before collecting the inoculum.

The inoculum is brought back to the factory, mixed with cut vegetables (lettuce, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, watermelon, eggplant, etc.) as a nutrient source, fermented while heating (30 to 40 ° C.), and cultured.

When the bacteria become stable (after about one year), the medium is directly irradiated with sunlight, and only the remaining viable bacteria are taken out.
Culture is performed for one year as described above. This step is repeated. At this time, the direct irradiation period is sequentially increased to one day, three days, one week, one month, two months, and three months. After the cultivation period of about 5 years, the medium is grown to 60
Adjust the temperature so that the temperature is at least ℃.

As described above, the microorganism group is only those having both thermophilicity and thermophilicity. The characteristics of the "Kay fungus" are as follows.

It reacts mainly with the light of the sun's rays and is active in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

The water content (based on the wet content) of the organic waste is 7
0 wt% or less (preferably 45-65%), temperature 40-1
At 00 ° C (preferably 50-70 ° C), it proliferates in the presence of sunlight and promotes fermentation and decomposition of organic waste.

The Na ⁺ of the salt is selectively taken in, and the salt concentration (mainly NaCl) in the fermentation residue / fermentation residue water is reduced to half or less as compared with the case of ordinary fermentation decomposition. Therefore, the fermentation of organic matter is promoted, and the treated material dries quickly in combination with high-temperature fermentation.

During decomposition and fermentation, the temperature rises to 70 ° C. or higher. The spoilage bacteria and various germs are killed, and the generation of ammonia gas, methane gas, butane gas, and the like due to the methane bacteria and the like is suppressed.

It has an action of separating organic substances and inorganic salts.

The mixing ratio between the organic waste and the microorganism group is as follows:
Although it depends on the type of organic waste and microorganisms, in the case of ordinary garbage (garbage), garbage (moisture 50 to 60%) 1
With respect to 00 parts by weight, 10 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 20 to 40 parts by weight, of the original strain of "K.

The original bacteria are used to adjust to the organic waste which is a processed product. For example, the organic waste and the microorganism are mixed at an appropriate mixing ratio, and 4 to 10 weeks, preferably 6 to
Let it rest for 8 weeks and let it multiply to get the original bacteria. At this time, the mixing ratio between the microorganism group and the organic waste group differs depending on the type of the organic waste and the microorganism group. In the case of ordinary garbage (remaining garbage), 100 L of garbage (50 to 60% water) is used. for,
"Kay fungi" 1 to 3L, preferably 2L.

The composting treatment is carried out in a closed room in order to prevent the odor generated from the organic waste (especially from immediately after introduction to the initial and middle stages of fermentation) from being released to the outside.

The light energy source given to the organic waste is usually sunlight, but may be an ultraviolet irradiation lamp or the like. For example, at night or on cloudy or rainy days, an ultraviolet irradiation lamp may be used as an auxiliary to promote fermentation of organic waste.

Stirring of the organic exhaust material (object to be treated) may be performed by a mechanical method. In the above structure, a gas storage portion is formed above the organic waste filling portion and stored in the gas storage portion. It is desirable to circulate and introduce a gas to the bottom side of the organic waste filling section to agitate the organic exhaust gas so as to increase the growth of microorganisms.

That is, the gas (gas) stored in the gas storage unit
Is a high-temperature gas heated by decomposition / fermentation heat and further heated by solar heat. The hot gas (typically 60
(° C. or more) is introduced from the bottom side of the organic waste, the temperature of the organic waste (processed material) promotes the proliferation of thermophilic microorganisms, and furthermore, usually various bacteria (kill at 60 ° C. or more). Breeding is suppressed. Therefore, the composting process is promoted, and the aseptic composting becomes more reliable. Naturally, the surface side of the processed object is sterilized by sunlight.

At this time, the volume ratio between the organic waste filling section and the gas storage section is usually 4/1 to 1/3, preferably 3/1 to 1/2. If the filling ratio is too high,
The storage volume is relatively small, the gas pressure due to the decomposition / fermentation gas is likely to be high, and pressure resistance is required for the closed chamber. Conversely, if the filling portion ratio is too low, the volume of the closed chamber increases, which is contrary to the demand for a compact closed chamber.

The high-temperature gas circulation amount depends on the amount of the organic processed material 10.
5 to 100 L / min per 0 kg. Usually, in order to obtain the gas circulation amount, a gas carrier is arranged in the gas circulation path.

The fermentation / decomposition liquid produced by fermentation / decomposition may be discharged as it is, but it is desirable to take it out from the bottom and spray it from the top. That is, since the composting process of the present invention is performed in a high-temperature atmosphere of 60 ° C. or more, carbides are also generated along with decomposition / fermentation, and the carbides (black) are contained in the decomposition / fermentation liquid (including water). For this reason, by spraying the decomposition / fermentation liquid on the surface of the filling portion, the surface of the filling portion (object to be treated) is blackened, the absorption efficiency of sunlight (especially, heat rays) is increased, and the thermophilic microorganisms Reproduction can be expected to increase. In addition, this spraying amount is
It depends on the amount of fermentation liquid, and after storing a predetermined amount, it is sprayed intermittently.

Next, an apparatus used in the above-mentioned method for composting organic waste will be described.

The organic waste composting treatment apparatus of the present invention is not limited to this configuration.

FIG. 1 is a schematic external view of an organic waste composting treatment apparatus according to this embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a floor plan of the same.

In the device A, a closed chamber 18 having a rectangular horizontal cross section is formed by the peripheral wall 12, the ceiling wall 14, and the floor wall 16.
In the illustrated example, the closed chamber 18 is divided into three chambers by a partition wall 20, that is,
First processing chamber 18a, second processing chamber 18b, third processing chamber 18
c. In the illustrated example, the peripheral wall 12 is the front wall 1.
2a is formed higher than the rear wall 12b, the ceiling wall 14 is formed of an inclined wall that can transmit sunlight, and the floor wall 16
Is formed of a perforated plate for gas agitation and recovery of the fermentation / decomposition liquid. In the illustrated example, the hole shape of the perforated plate (punching plate) is a long hole, but may be any shape such as a circle, a triangle, and a polygon, and may be formed of a net in some cases.

The processing chambers 18a, 18b, 18c
An entrance 21 with a door is formed so that a processing object can be put into the apparatus.

Here, in order to make the entrance 21 a closed structure, a door opening / closing structure as shown in FIGS.

Each of the opposed grooves C formed by the H-shaped support 22
Inside, a door (steel plate gate) 24 is connected to a chain 28 driven by a sprocket connected to an output shaft of a speed reducer 26 to move up and down. The door 24
A counterweight 30 is connected to the chain end opposite to the chain end to which the is connected.

A gate-shaped door stop member 32 is formed at the entrance 21 in order to ensure the sealing of the entrance of the door 24, and a treated material is provided inside the door 24 correspondingly. It is attached via a P-shaped packing 34 having a gate-shaped and P-shaped cross section corresponding to the entrance 21.

A seal receiving surface 36 made of H-shaped steel is formed on the floor side of the treated material entrance 21 and a flat packing 38 having an inclined straight (flat) cross section protruding obliquely downward is seated. Is pasted through.

Further, on the ceiling side and the floor side outside the door body, a guide inclined block (4) formed inside the H-shaped support is provided.
4), two operation inclined blocks 42 are formed in total corresponding to the two inclined inclined blocks 42.
The door body 24 moves in the closing direction by the mutual wedge action, the gate-shaped P-type packing 34 comes into pressure contact with the gate-shaped door stop member 32, and the flat-type packing 38 serves as a seal receiving member on the floor surface. It presses against the surface 36. Thus, door 2
4 seals the entrance and exit of the processed material.

The peripheral wall 12 is an opaque wall of concrete, metal, plastic or the like up to the processing object filling height position, and the peripheral wall 12c and the ceiling wall 14 above it are formed of a transparent material through which sunlight can pass. . The opaque wall is desirably a concrete wall or a plastic wall having heat insulating properties from the viewpoint of heat insulation, and the thickness is set to 20 to 100 mm in the case of a concrete wall, and further to 5 to 10 mm in the case of a plastic wall. .

The transparent material may be glass, but usually,
Of the sunlight, the wavelength range (68
(0-700 nm) is desirable. As the transparent plastic material, an amorphous resin such as polycarbonate, acrylic resin, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride can be suitably used.

At this time, it is desirable that the thickness of the ceiling wall be as thin as possible from the viewpoint of absorption of sunlight, but usually, the strength (including pressure resistance) and durability, and further, heat insulation are taken into consideration. 1 to 10 mm.

Further, in the present apparatus, as shown in FIG. 6, a gas stirring device 44 and a decomposition / fermentation liquid spraying device 46 are additionally provided.

The gas stirrer 44 includes a gas pipe (gas circulation path) 48 and a gas pipe 48 that communicate from the rear wall 12b of the closed chamber 18 to the space below the floor wall (also serving as a decomposition / fermentation liquid storage section). Gas transporter (gas pump) 5 installed on the way
It consists of 0.

The decomposition / fermentation liquid spraying device 46 is provided between the decomposition / fermentation liquid storage section and the ceiling wall of the sealed processing chamber via a liquid transporter (liquid pump) 52 for liquid piping (spraying piping).
54, and a spray nozzle 56 is attached to the top end on the ceiling side.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 58 denotes a ventilation fan,
On the opposite side, air intake ports are arranged, and a temperature sensor is activated by a temperature rise (for example, 30 to 40 ° C.) to automatically open and close. However, it is assumed that the ventilation fan is opened in the late stage of fermentation and after almost no odor is generated.

Next, a method of treating organic waste (garbage) using the above apparatus will be described. The garbage used has a water content in the range of 40 to 60%.

First, 1000 kg of garbage is placed in the first treatment room.
Hit, mix 2 bags of 20L of Caenium fungus, pile up, repeat gas agitation and decomposition / fermentation liquid spraying,
Prepare the original bacteria. The period is usually 30 to 60 days.

Next, in the second and third treatment chambers, 100 garbage
A composting process is performed by mixing and stacking 300 to 400 kg of the original bacteria per 0 kg and repeating gas stirring and decomposition / fermentation liquid spraying as described above.

The composting treatment was performed in the spring by the above method, and the results were as follows.

In two days, the temperature of the room temperature (gas storage part) became 70 to 80 ° C. in the daytime. The garbage is 10
In a day, it was reduced by about half. 10 days (total 2 days)
(0 days), the water content became 10 to 15%, and a smooth compost was obtained.

[0060]

Operation and effect of the present invention Organic waste (substance to be treated) of the present invention
Is mixed with a group of photophilic / thermophilic microorganisms (including the original bacteria), filled (filled) in a closed chamber, and then fermented by giving light energy to the organic waste for composting. Therefore, the following effects are obtained.

In principle, in the composting process, the initial and middle stages in which odor is likely to occur are performed in a closed room, so that the deodorizing process becomes unnecessary.

Since the organic waste is decomposed and fermented at a high temperature (60 ° C. or higher), it is difficult for germs to propagate and aseptic composting becomes possible. In particular, when sunlight is used as light, the sterilizing effect of ultraviolet rays is further increased, and aseptic composting becomes more reliable.

Further, by using sunlight as light, it is not necessary to use electric energy for temperature control (especially heating) as in the prior art, which leads to energy saving.

Further, the high temperature air stored in the gas storage section above the organic waste filling section is blown out from the floor wall and gas is agitated, so that the temperature distribution of the processed organic waste becomes uniform and the high temperature air The microorganisms floating on the bottom are transported from the bottom to the filling section. For this reason, the growth of microorganisms becomes uniform, and the composting process is further promoted.

Further, the decomposition / fermentation liquid stored under the floor wall below the organic waste filling section is sprayed on the upper surface of the filling section, so that the surface of the filling section is formed by the charcoal contained in the decomposition / fermentation liquid. Black body, heat absorption efficiency increases, and
Composting is promoted.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the appearance of an organic waste composting treatment apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing a floor surface in the same manner.

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing an operation configuration of a door body.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the closed state of the door body when the door body is open.

FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of the door body in a closed state.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a piping mode of a gas stirring device and a decomposition / fermentation liquid spraying device in the organic waste composting treatment device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 18 Closed chamber 44 Gas stirring device 46 Decomposition / fermentation liquid spraying device 50 Gas transporter

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on front page F term (reference) 4D004 AA02 AA03 BA04 CA15 CA18 CA43 CA48 CB04 CB05 CB21 CB36 CB44 CC01 CC07 CC20 DA02 DA06 4H061 AA02 AA03 CC36 CC38 CC42 CC47 CC55 EE66 GG15 GG43 GG47 GG48 HGG62GG

Claims (14)

[Claims] Claims 1. An organic waste (substance to be treated) is mixed with at least a photophilic / thermophilic microorganism group (including original bacteria) and filled (filled) in a closed chamber. A method for composting organic waste, comprising composting by applying energy to ferment and decompose. 2. The method for composting organic waste according to claim 1, wherein the light energy is sunlight or mainly. 3. A gas storage portion is formed above the organic waste filling portion, and a gas (gas) stored in the gas storage portion is provided.
The organic waste composting treatment method according to claim 2, wherein the organic waste is circulated and introduced to the bottom side of the organic waste filling section to perform gas agitation of the organic waste. 4. The method for composting organic waste according to claim 3, wherein a gas transporter is disposed in the gas circulation path. 5. A waste liquid storage section is formed at the bottom of the organic waste filling section generated during the fermentation, and the fermentation / decomposition liquid stored in the waste liquid storage section is sprayed on the upper surface of the organic waste filling section. The organic waste composting treatment method according to claim 2, 3, or 4, wherein: 6. The method for composting organic waste according to claim 1, wherein the microorganisms further have halophilicity. 7. The method for composting an organic waste according to claim 6, wherein the microorganism group is derived from soil microorganisms and is of a mixed aerobic / anaerobic type. 8. The method for composting organic waste according to claim 7, wherein the group of living organisms is “K. 9. The photosynthetic microorganism group is “K.
The organic waste composting method according to claim 2, wherein the method is (manufactured and sold by Kira Microorganisms Research Laboratories). 10. The composting is carried out by mixing and stacking C. germ germ with garbage in an enclosed space to prepare an original bacterium, and then mixing the germ with an organic waste.
The organic waste composting method according to the above. 11. An apparatus used in the method for composting organic waste according to claim 2, comprising one or more closed chambers, wherein at least the ceiling side of the closed chamber is formed of a light transmitting material, An organic waste compost, wherein a perforated plate is arranged on the bottom side of the closed chamber with a gap, and a gas pipe is arranged between the lower gap of the perforated plate and the ceiling side of the closed chamber. Processing equipment. 12. The organic waste composting treatment apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the light transmitting material is a plastic transparent plate. 13. The organic waste composting treatment apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the gas pipe further includes a gas transporter. 14. A liquid transporter is provided between the lower gap between the perforated plate and the ceiling of the closed chamber,
The organic waste composting treatment apparatus according to claim 11, 12 or 13, further comprising a spray pipe provided with a spray nozzle at a tip.