CN105016802B - A kind of bioreactor and the method using bioreactor conversion solid organic castoff - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a bioreactor, which comprises a base. The top wall of a closed reaction chamber on the base is provided with a feed port and the bottom wall is provided with a discharge port. Stirring impeller; there is a fermentation liquid inlet on the top wall, and the nozzle placed in the closed reaction chamber is connected to the fermentation liquid inlet through a pipe; a pressure gauge, a temperature gauge and a hygrometer are installed on the top wall, and the top of the left end wall There are air inlet and steam inlet respectively in the lower and lower positions, and an exhaust port is opened in the upper part of the right end wall; a lighting lamp is arranged in the closed reaction chamber, and an observation window is arranged on the side wall. The invention also discloses a method for converting solid organic waste by using the bioreactor. The invention reasonably and effectively combines the growth of scavenging insects and the aerobic solid fermentation process in a bioreactor with a fully enclosed structure, and can treat solid organic waste thoroughly without secondary pollution. The obtained microbial fertilizer and The added value of worm feed is higher.

Description

A bioreactor and a device for converting solid organic waste using the bioreactor method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of biology and environmental protection, in particular to a fully sealed bioreactor, and also relates to a method for converting solid organic waste by using the bioreactor.

Background technique

With the progress of society and economic development, industries such as catering, food processing, fermentation and livestock and poultry breeding produce a large amount of solid organic waste every day, including kitchen waste, livestock and poultry manure, rotten fruits and vegetables, and residues from the fermentation industry Wait. According to statistics, the kitchen waste generated in Beijing is more than 1600 tons every day; it is estimated that 1 ton per 10,000 people will generate 134,000 tons of kitchen waste per month in the country with a population of 1.34 billion. The problem of manure disposal in livestock and poultry farming is even more serious. With the rapid development of China's livestock and poultry breeding industry, the production of livestock and poultry manure is also increasing rapidly. The production of livestock and poultry manure in China exceeded 1.4 billion tons in 1980, and in 2011 It will reach 2.121 billion tons, and will increase rapidly with the increase of livestock and poultry breeding. By 2020 and 2030, it is expected to reach 2.875 billion tons and 3.743 billion tons respectively. These solid organic wastes have huge output, low treatment efficiency, and even random discharge, which not only wastes resources, but also pollutes the environment. It has seriously affected the sustainable development of the livestock and poultry industry, and at the same time endangers public health and food safety. Create a conservation-minded society and the concept of sustainable development. How to recycle these misplaced resources has become an urgent problem to be solved in the social and economic development of our country.

On the other hand, due to the abuse of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides in traditional agriculture, the adverse consequences of soil compaction and micro-ecological imbalance have been caused, and the quality of cultivated land urgently needs to be protected and improved. Applying bio-organic fertilizers rich in phosphorus-dissolving and potassium-dissolving functional microorganisms to the soil can not only improve the soil micro-ecological environment and prevent compaction, but also achieve disease resistance, drought resistance and enhance plant absorption of nutrients.

Now, large-scale treatment of solid organic waste generally uses aerobic composting or anaerobic fermentation to produce biogas technology. The above-mentioned technologies often have a long cycle and are greatly affected by the natural climate. If the management is not good, it is easy to cause secondary pollution and other problems.

Scavenging insects include Musca domestica L., Chrysomyiamegacephala F. and Hermertia illucens L., which have a short growth cycle, large biomass, easy management, and low feeding costs. Low, good animal palatability and so on. Larvae can quickly decompose and utilize various solid organic wastes, and convert them into bio-organic fertilizers and insect proteins in a short period of time, which has broad market development prospects. At the same time, the latest research shows that some functional microorganisms play a crucial auxiliary role in the insects' disposal of waste. Therefore, using microorganisms and insects to treat solid organic waste together can not only improve the treatment efficiency and shorten the treatment cycle; moreover, there are still some microorganisms that can produce spores in the treated insect feces, which can be used for the production of high economic value-added microbial functions. Organic fertilizers offer great possibilities.

Although the existing methods can basically achieve large-scale and rapid treatment of organic waste, there is still a lot of room for innovation in technology. For example, the existing treatment devices are all open systems, and most of the reactions are carried out in shallow tanks or troughs. , not only the temperature and the water content of the material are difficult to control, but also the odor generated by the growth of insects and the fermentation of the material will cause secondary pollution during the treatment process. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a special bioreactor that is safe, environmentally friendly, and fully sealed, and to develop a method for converting solid organic waste that is simple, safe, low-cost, and easy to promote.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a bioreactor with a fully sealed structure to address the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, and the present invention also provides a method for converting solid organic waste using the bioreactor.

To achieve the above object, the present invention can take the following technical solutions:

The bioreactor of the present invention comprises a base, a closed reaction chamber placed horizontally on the base, the top wall of the closed reaction chamber is provided with a feed port, and the bottom wall is provided with a discharge port, and the closed reaction chamber The lower part of the chamber is horizontally provided with a stirring shaft driven by a motor, and a stirring impeller is arranged on the stirring shaft; a fermentation liquid inlet is provided on the top wall, and the nozzle placed above the chamber of the closed reaction chamber passes through a pipe to communicate with the fermentation liquid. The liquid inlet is connected; a pressure gauge, a thermometer and a hygrometer are installed on the top wall of the closed reaction chamber, and an air inlet and a steam inlet are respectively provided at the upper and lower positions of the left end wall of the closed reaction chamber. An exhaust port is opened on the upper part of the right end wall of the closed reaction chamber; a lighting lamp is arranged in the cavity of the closed reaction chamber, and an observation window is arranged on the side wall of the closed reaction chamber.

The top wall is composed of a fixed plate and an opening and closing plate hinged on the fixing plate, the feed inlet is opened on the opening and closing plate, and a flexible seal is provided at the edge of the inner surface of the opening and closing plate. A fastening clip is provided between the outer side of the opening and closing plate and the side wall, and a handle is provided on the upper surface near the outer side of the opening and closing plate.

The stirring impeller has a double-helix structure, and its outer edge is covered with a flexible rubber film.

The bottom wall of the closed reaction chamber has an arc-shaped structure, and a sealing baffle is movably arranged at the discharge port on the arc-shaped bottom wall.

The feed inlets are arranged at multiple intervals along the length direction of the bioreactor, and the feed inlets are sealed and connected to the discharge joint of the slurry transfer box through the feed branch pipe, and the feed joint of the slurry transfer box is passed through The feed main pipe is in sealing communication with the slurry delivery pump.

The method for utilizing the bioreactor of the present invention to transform solid organic waste comprises the following steps:

The first step is to sort and crush the collected solid organic waste, put it into the mixer, add water and stir it into a slurry, and send it into the slurry transfer box for sealed storage through the slurry delivery pump;

In the second step, the slurry in the transfer box is sent into a special bioreactor, and the larvae of scavenging insects are inserted at the same time, and compressed gas is introduced, and the culture is stirred and cultivated under preset conditions; then the cultured microorganisms The fermented bacteria liquid is connected to the material from the fermentation liquid inlet of the bioreactor according to a certain ratio, and is regularly stirred and ventilated. After the growth of scavenging insects is completed, the water content is adjusted to the set value, and the insect material mixture is discharged through the bottom of the bioreactor. The mouth is transported to the storage bin;

In the third step, the insect material mixture in the storage bin is sieved through a horizontal vibrating sieve, and the insect body and bio-organic fertilizer are collected separately. The insect body is dried to become feed, and the bio-organic fertilizer is packaged and stored after passing the quality inspection.

For materials with strong odor such as kitchen waste and pig manure, yeast or lactic acid bacteria can be added to the material in the slurry transfer box for anaerobic fermentation, and then sent to the bioreactor for treatment.

The scavenging insects used in the present invention include Housefly ( Musca domestica L.), Chrysomyia megacephala F. and Bright Spotted Soldier Fly ( Hermertia illucens L.); Microbial fermentation broth includes Bacillus subtilis, Fermentation broth obtained by culturing and fermenting Bacillus megaterium and yeast.

The advantage of the present invention is that the bioreactor adopts a fully enclosed structure, which can effectively prevent insects from escaping, control the moisture and temperature of the material reaction more accurately, and eliminate the air pollution caused by the odorous gas generated during the insect breeding process; The material in the bioreactor is processed into a slurry, which is convenient for feeding, less energy consumption and easier to control and maintain; the present invention reasonably and effectively combines the growth of scavenging insects and the aerobic solid fermentation process in the bioreactor , the treatment of solid organic waste is relatively thorough, without secondary pollution, and the added value of microbial fertilizer and insect feed is higher, which greatly improves the economic value of the product.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the bioreactor of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the top wall in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a slurry transfer box used in the present invention.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figure 1, the bioreactor according to the present invention comprises a base 1, a closed reaction chamber 2 placed horizontally on the base 1, the top wall of the closed reaction chamber 2 is provided with a feed inlet 3, and the bottom wall is provided with an outlet. The material port 4 has an arc-shaped bottom wall, and a sealing baffle is provided at the 4 discharge ports on the arc-shaped bottom wall; a stirring shaft 6 driven by a motor 5 is horizontally provided at the lower part of the closed reaction chamber 2 , the stirring shaft 6 is provided with a stirring impeller 7, the stirring impeller 7 is a double-helix structure, and its outer edge is covered with a flexible rubber film; the top wall is provided with a fermentation liquid inlet 8, which is placed above the closed reaction chamber cavity Nozzle 9 is communicated with fermented liquid inlet 8 through pipeline; Pressure gauge 9, temperature gauge 10 and hygrometer 11 of detection reaction chamber internal environment are installed on the top wall of closed reaction chamber, on the left end wall of closed reaction chamber, The lower position is respectively provided with an air inlet 12 and a steam inlet 13, and an exhaust port 14 is provided on the upper part of the right end wall of the closed reaction chamber; an illuminating lamp 15 is arranged in the chamber of the closed reaction chamber, and a Observation window 16, so that observe the growth of worm body and the fermentation form of slurry at any time.

As shown in Figure 2, the top wall of the bioreactor of the present invention is composed of a fixed plate 17 and an opening and closing plate 18 hinged on the fixed plate by a hinge (the fixed plate 17 has a smaller width, accounting for 1/3 of the top wall , the width of the opening and closing plate 18 is relatively large, accounting for 2/3 of the top wall), the feed port 3 is opened on the opening and closing plate 18, and a flexible sealing strip 19 is arranged at the edge of the inner surface of the opening and closing plate 18, and the outer edge of the opening and closing plate is connected to the Fastening clips 20 are arranged between the side walls to ensure the sealing effect of the reactor, and a handle 21 is arranged on the upper surface near the outer side of the opening and closing plate to facilitate opening the opening and closing plate 18 during inspection and maintenance of the reaction chamber.

The length of the bioreactor can be adjusted according to the total amount of solid organic waste to be processed. Multiple feed ports 3 are arranged at intervals along the length of the bioreactor, and each feed port 3 passes through the feed branch pipe and the slurry transfer box 22 The discharge joint 23 of the slurry transfer box 22 is sealed and connected, and the feed joint 24 of the slurry transfer box 22 is in sealing communication with the slurry delivery pump through the feed main pipe. As shown in Figure 3, the two ends are respectively connected to the feed port 3 and the slurry transfer box The feed branch pipe connected to the discharge joint 23 of 22 can be made of rubber, canvas or plastic hose, and the discharge joint 23 and feed joint 24 of the slurry transfer box 22 can be threaded joints of stainless steel or stainless iron .

The method for utilizing the bioreactor of the present invention to transform solid organic waste comprises the following steps:

The first step is to collect the collected solid organic waste through a transport vehicle, sort out the metal, plastic, etc. contained in it, and crush it to a material with a diameter of 1~2mm, and add water to the mixer to adjust the moisture content to 85%. left and right, and then stirred into slurry; it is sent into the slurry transfer box 22 for sealed storage through the slurry delivery pump; if it is to deal with food waste, pig manure and other smelly materials, it needs to be 0.3% of the total weight of the material. About % add yeast (such as Angel yeast) or lactic acid bacteria for anaerobic fermentation to deodorize;

In the second step, after the slurry in the slurry transfer box 22 is stored to a certain amount, it is sent into the special bioreactor of the present invention (as shown in Figure 1 ) by a slurry pump, and simultaneously press 1000~2000/ The inoculation amount of kg slurry inserts the larva of scavenging insects (such as the light-spotted soldier fly) from multiple feed ports 3, and then closes the valve at the feed port 3 to keep the sealing of the reaction chamber; During the cultivating process, the air adjusted to the temperature of 10-42°C by the cold and heat exchanger is passed through the air inlet 12, and at the same time, it is stirred at a rate of 40 rpm for 5 minutes every 24 hours or so, and the temperature of the material is controlled at 30-40°C. Left and right, the environment in the reaction chamber is monitored by the pressure gauge 9, temperature gauge 10 and hygrometer 11 installed on the top wall of the closed reaction chamber; High-temperature steam, steam and air are finally discharged through the exhaust port 14 under the action of the induced draft fan installed outside the reaction chamber; through the observation window 16, it is convenient to observe the fermentation process of the slurry in the reaction chamber: observe the shape, color and Moisture change and insect growth status;

Cultivate until the seventh day (to complete the growth of the worm body), the microbial fermentation liquid in the fermenter (it can be Bacillus megaterium fermentation liquid, Bacillus subtilis fermentation liquid or yeast fermentation liquid) is transferred to the material in the reaction chamber through the feed pump. 3% of the total amount enters from the fermentation broth inlet 8, and is inserted into the material through the nozzle 9, while stirring evenly. After continuing to cultivate for two days, increase the temperature of the air (45°C) and increase the air intake to prolong the stirring time (stirring 30 minutes/24 hours), and finally reduce the water content of the material in the reaction chamber to about 35%, and the treatment process is completed, and the insect material mixture is transported to the storage bin through the bottom outlet 4 of the bioreactor;

In order to improve the working efficiency of solid organic waste treatment, bioreactors can be arranged in multiple arrangements to form a continuous cycle treatment process.

In the third step, after the mixture of insect materials in the storage bin is concentrated to a certain amount, the outlet is opened, and the materials are sent to the horizontal vibrating screen to screen and separate the insects and materials. The active insect bodies are processed by drying and crushing equipment into Insect protein powder is used as an animal feed additive, and the bio-organic fertilizer containing a large number of microbial strains is packaged and stored through mixing and granulation after passing the quality inspection.

Claims (5)

1. A bioreactor, comprising a base (1), a closed reaction chamber (2) placed horizontally on the base (1), and a feed inlet (3) is opened on the top wall of the closed reaction chamber (2) ), the bottom wall is provided with a discharge port (4), which is characterized in that: the lower part of the closed reaction chamber (1) is horizontally provided with a stirring shaft (6) driven by a motor (5), and the stirring shaft (6 ) is provided with a stirring impeller (7), the stirring impeller (7) is a double helix structure, and its outer edge is covered with a flexible rubber film; a fermentation liquid inlet (8) is opened on the top wall, and the The nozzle (9) above the cavity of the closed reaction chamber is connected to the inlet of the fermentation broth (8) through a pipe; a pressure gauge (9), a temperature gauge (10) and a hygrometer are installed on the top wall of the closed reaction chamber (11), an air inlet (12) and a steam inlet (13) are respectively opened at the upper and lower positions of the left end wall of the closed reaction chamber, and a row is arranged at the upper part of the right end wall of the closed reaction chamber. An air port (14); an illuminating lamp (15) is arranged in the cavity of the closed reaction chamber, and an observation window (16) is arranged on the side wall of the closed reaction chamber; The feed inlet (3) is arranged at multiple intervals along the length direction of the closed reaction chamber (2), and the feed inlet (3) passes through the feed branch pipe and the outlet joint (23) of the slurry transfer box (22). ) is sealed and connected, and the feed joint (24) of the slurry transfer box (22) is in sealing communication with the slurry delivery pump through the feed main pipe. 2. The bioreactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the top wall is composed of a fixed plate (17) and an opening and closing plate (18) hinged on the fixed plate, the feed The opening (3) is opened on the opening and closing plate (18), and a flexible sealing strip (19) is provided at the edge of the inner surface of the opening and closing plate (18), and the outer edge and the side wall of the opening and closing plate are provided There is a fastening clip (20), and a handle (21) is provided on the upper surface near the outer side of the opening and closing plate. 3. The bioreactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom wall of the closed reaction chamber has an arc-shaped structure, and a sealing stopper is movable at the outlet (4) on the arc-shaped bottom wall plate. 4. Utilize the method for the bioreactor conversion solid organic waste of claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps: The first step is to sort and crush the collected solid organic waste, put it into the mixer and add water to stir it into a slurry, and send it into the slurry transfer box for sealed storage through the slurry delivery pump, and then transfer it to the slurry transfer box Add yeast or lactic acid bacteria for anaerobic fermentation and deodorization; In the second step, the slurry in the transfer box is sent into a special bioreactor, and the larvae of scavenging insects are inserted at the same time, and compressed gas is introduced, and the culture is stirred and cultivated under preset conditions; then the cultured microorganisms The fermented bacteria liquid is connected to the material from the fermentation liquid inlet of the bioreactor according to a certain ratio, and is regularly stirred and ventilated. After the growth of scavenging insects is completed, the water content is adjusted to the set value, and the insect material mixture is discharged through the bottom of the bioreactor. The mouth is transported to the storage bin; In the third step, the insect material mixture in the storage bin is sieved through a horizontal vibrating sieve, and the insect body and bio-organic fertilizer are collected separately. The insect body is dried to become feed, and the bio-organic fertilizer is packaged and stored after passing the quality inspection. 5. The method for bioreactor conversion of solid organic waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: the scavenging insects include housefly, Chrysophora chinensis and soldier fly; The liquid includes the fermentation liquid obtained by culturing and fermenting Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and yeast.