JP2012135269A - Decomposition treatment agent and decomposition treatment method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an inexpensive and eco-friendly decomposition treatment agent for a vegetable material and a treatment method for decomposing the vegetable material by using the decomposition treatment agent.SOLUTION: The decomposition treatment agent is constituted by including a culture solution of photosynthetic bacteria in 15-20 pts.volume as well as a culture solution of fermentation bacteria in 15-45 pts.volume and, in addition, a culture solution of Actinomycetes in 10-30 pts.volume. The decomposition method comprises sparging the decomposition treatment agent to the vegetable material. Thus, the decomposition treatment agent and the decomposition treatment method which are inexpensive and eco-friendly to the environment, and by which even a strong fibrous and difficultly decomposable treatment object can be decomposed at a sufficiently rapid decomposition speed, can be provided.

Description

  The present invention relates to a decomposition treatment agent and a decomposition treatment method for decomposing plant fibers (plant substances) such as turf residue (satch), dead grass, and fallen leaves.

  Turf that grows in golf courses, gardens, and the like is periodically trimmed or removed from dead parts, resulting in turf debris such as mowing and dead debris. Grass dust is a strong fiber that is difficult to decompose by natural microorganisms. It accumulates and does not decompose even if left for a long period of time, and remains as a residue called thatch. While turf residue and thatch are added as long as the turf grows, they do not disappear easily. Therefore, it is desired to develop an effective decomposition treatment agent that promotes the decomposition thereof.

  As a conventional thatch decomposition treatment agent, those described in Patent Document 1 below are known. This decomposition treatment agent adjusts the environment where microorganisms that decompose penicillium birai (Penicilium bilai) on the turf, infest the turf rhizosphere, produce organic acids and decompose lignin, etc. It contains skim milk, water, surface rinses, disintegrants, bond molding agents, viscous minerals, and water-soluble polymer fixing agents.

Japanese Patent No. 4467945

  In such a decomposition treatment agent, Penicillium birai must be cultured, and various additives must be blended in order to have an effective decomposition rate. May be affected.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a plant material decomposition treatment agent and method that are low in cost and are environmentally friendly.

  In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 is a decomposition treatment agent, comprising 15 to 20 photosynthetic bacteria culture solution in a volume ratio and 15 to 45 fermentation bacteria culture solution, Furthermore, it contains 10 to 30 culture solutions of actinomycetes.

  In addition to the above object, the invention described in claim 2 is characterized in that brown sugar and / or honey is added in the above invention in order to achieve the object of further increasing the decomposition treatment capacity. .

  In order to achieve the above object, an invention according to claim 3 is a decomposition treatment method, wherein the decomposition treatment agent is sprayed on a plant substance.

  In addition to the above object, the invention described in claim 4 is characterized in that, in order to achieve the object of further increasing the decomposition capacity, humus is mixed with the plant substance. .

  According to the present invention, a suitable type of fungus is blended in an appropriate amount in the plant material decomposition treatment agent, or the decomposition treatment agent is used in the plant material decomposition treatment method. Even if it is a difficult-to-decompose process target, it is possible to provide an environmentally friendly decomposition treatment agent at a low cost while being decomposable at a sufficiently high decomposition rate.

  Hereinafter, examples of embodiments according to the present invention will be described based on appropriate tables. In addition, the said form is not limited to the following example.

  The degradation treatment agent according to the present invention includes photosynthetic bacteria, fermentative bacteria, and actinomycetes. These compounding ratios are 15 to 20:15 to 45:10 to 30 by volume ratio of the liquid in which each bacterium is cultured to saturation.

  A photosynthetic bacterium is a bacterium that photosynthesizes organic compounds, and is composed of the following four families. That is, red non-sulfur bacteria (Rhodospirillum family Purple sulfur bacteria), red sulfur bacteria (Chromatiaceae family Purple sulfur bacteria), green sulfur bacteria (Chlobiaceae family Green sulfur family) sulfur bacteria). The degradation treatment agent includes bacteria belonging to at least one of the families as photosynthetic bacteria.

  Photosynthetic bacteria are widely distributed on the earth, produce organic compounds using the energy of sunlight, and fix nitrogen. Photosynthetic bacteria are involved in carbon dioxide assimilation and reverse decarboxylation, nitrogen fixation and reverse denitrification, and oxidation and reduction of sulfides, and play a major role in the circulation of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur on the earth. It is effective to spray it on the environment-deteriorating places including the contaminated places.

  In particular, red non-sulfur bacteria are also abundant in paddy fields, have a wide range of applications in living environments, and have a strong ability to reduce organic compounds. Therefore, it is effective when sprayed on tabata ranches, etc., and it is possible to improve the accumulation pollution of agricultural soil by metabolism with the metabolism of organic acids and high assimilation efficiency, and to eliminate continuous cropping troubles due to accumulation of basic fertilizer etc. Also useful.

  Fermentative bacteria are microorganisms that perform a fermenting action, and are composed of at least one of lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, koji molds, mold fungi, methane bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, black mold, blue mold, aspergillus, clostodium, and corynebacterium.

  Lactobacillus casei has long been used as a raw material for dairy products, and there are tens of thousands of registered fungi with a very wide range of use.

  Among these, Stepcoccus lactis is a spherical lactic acid bacterium, and is used as a starter in the manufacture of cheese and yogurt. Lactobacillus acidophilus is a bacterium isolated from the intestines of infants and has the effect of suppressing the growth of harmful bacteria. Lactobacillus plantarum is a fermented bacterium that is pickled. Pediococcus halophilus ferments even in a salt environment exceeding 15% and is used for fermentation of miso and soy sauce. Lactobacillus casei is a rod-shaped lactic acid bacterium that is used for fermentation of lactic acid beverages and has a strong anticancer effect. Lactobacillus delbrueckil is a bacterium having an excellent ability to decompose organic substances and has an anticancer effect. In the degradation treatment agent of the present invention, preferably at least one of these is used as lactic acid bacteria.

  Yeasts (Saccharomyces) are 5 to 10 microns in size, and the shape varies depending on the type. They are spherical, oval, lemon-shaped, etc., but they are not fixed and change according to the culture conditions. Depending on the situation, spores are formed in the cells. Yeasts propagate well in a slightly acidic medium near PH 4.2, and the appropriate temperature is 27-30 ° C. Yeast assimilate ammonium sulfate, uric acid and the like to synthesize proteins. Moreover, yeast decomposes saccharides into alcohol and carbon dioxide, and generates heat at that time. Furthermore, yeasts oxidize and decompose glucose when oxygen is applied to the culture medium, producing carbon gas and water, and simultaneously generating a large amount of heat.

  Although the components of yeast vary depending on the culture method and type, they contain proteins (particularly nucleoproteins) and vitamin enzymes and have high nutritional value. Examples of the yeast include alcohol yeast that produces alcohol, sake yeast, grape yeast, beer yeast, baker's yeast (yeast), dry yeast, edible yeast, and feed yeast. Yeast is also used as a pharmaceutical for vitamins, enzymes, and nutrients.

  Aspergillus belongs to the Aspergillus family, and Bacillus natto and the like are known. The mycelium is colorless and partitioned, and gathers from a fluff to a felt. When a conidia (a spore in the case of asexuality) is formed, it changes from yellow to yellowish green and finally to yellow again. In order to attach conidia or spores, first, a single conidia having a length of 2 mm (millimeters) to several mm is released onto the mycelia, and then swelled into a spherical or flask shape. Conidia and spores are 0.03-0.5 mm in diameter, stick-like molecules on the entire surface and 0.15-0.2 mm in length are emitted in a single or double radial form and arranged like a chain. The conidia are pear-shaped, about 4 to 9 microns in size, and the optimal temperature for growth is 37 ° C. Aspergillus oryzae contain enzymes in the mycelium, decompose starch, cellulose, and protein, and make organic acids such as kojic acid, oxalic acid, and gluconic acid.

  Fermentative bacteria are microorganisms that perform fermenting action, and include yeast, lactic acid bacteria, fungi, methane bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, black mold, blue mold, aspergillus, clostodium, corynebacterium.

  In addition, as described above, a decomposition treatment agent according to the present invention may be one containing at least one of honey or saccharides added to photosynthetic bacteria, fermenting bacteria, and actinomycetes. When adding these natural additives, they are preferably heated and / or hydrated.

  The decomposition treatment agent according to the present invention is preferably used as follows. According to the present invention diluted to 10 to 200 times (more preferably 50 to 100 times) in volume ratio with respect to a material in which soil or sand or the like is appropriately added to and mixed with decomposition treatment objects such as turf, dead grass, and fallen leaves. Spray the decomposition treatment agent and stir as appropriate.

  The photosynthetic bacteria, fermentative bacteria, and actinomycetes having the above properties can be procured or cultured relatively easily, and the production of the decomposition treatment agent according to the present invention is relatively easy. In addition, since the decomposition treatment agent according to the present invention is derived from microorganisms or natural products, the environment is not contaminated by spraying. And the decomposed | disassembled target object can be used as biofertilizer. In the fertilizer, microorganisms are contained, so that the soil can be improved to a resuscitation type, and it is possible to make the plant growing on the soil less susceptible to diseases.

  In addition, it is also possible to grasp as a decomposition processing method about dispersion | distribution of the decomposition processing agent of the plant substance which concerns on this invention, mixing of soil etc. with respect to the decomposition process object (plant substance), etc.

  Next, examples according to the present invention and comparative examples not belonging to the present invention, which are respectively generated by changing the mixing ratio of microorganisms and natural additives, will be described. The present invention is not limited to these examples.

[Example 1]
A little amount of humus soil (to the extent that it is coarsely sprinkled on the bush) against various types of shiba that are often used in golf courses (planted in a case of the same size as a normal test tube after cutting) Furthermore, the decomposition treatment agent which is the photosynthetic bacteria 20, the fermentative bacteria 45, the actinomycetes 15, the honey 10, and the brown sugar 10 in a volume ratio was diluted 100 times with water and added. And the decomposition | disassembly rate (mode of decomposition | disassembly) determined by the elapsed days after injection | throwing-in, the highest minimum temperature of the day, and the external appearance was observed. The results of the observation are shown in [Table 1] to [Table 3].

  According to the above, the grass of the golf course with high fiber resistance and improved degradability and improved to have high leaf resistance and high environmental adaptability (Pencloth, L-93, Penlinks, Pen A) -2, Crencho, and other turf), the decomposition can be completed in about 21 days and the fiber can be extinguished.

  Note that the number of days of decomposition changes depending on the temperature and becomes shorter as it gets hotter, but it becomes longer again when it becomes a rare state that is too hot for microbial activity. Further, the decomposition treatment agent of the present invention may be sprayed a plurality of times on the turf to be treated. For example, the same kind of decomposition treatment agent may be applied again about 7 days later to eliminate odor. Furthermore, in order to improve the function of microorganisms as a high temperature environment, a sheet may be covered on the processing target. Preferably, after the decomposition treatment agent is sprayed, it is mixed well and covered with a sheet, and after about 7 days, the sheet is taken again and sprayed and mixed again so that the sheet is not covered.

[Example 2]
The same decomposition treatment agent (after dilution) as in Example 1 was mixed with river sand (general purpose soil) instead of humus, and similarly applied to various grasses after cutting, and the results observed in the same manner are shown in [Table 4]. ] To [Table 6].

  According to the above, even the turf of a hard-disintegrating golf course with strong fiber can be decomposed by 80% or more in about 40 days, and the fiber can be largely eliminated. Further, turf after the 30th day when most of the fiber is decomposed can be used as joint soil. However, when compared, humus tends to have a faster decomposition rate. This is thought to be because humus holds more microorganisms, both typely and quantitatively, and these microorganisms and the microorganisms of the degradation treatment agent of the present invention are mutually activated to promote their utility.

[Example 3]
The same observations as in Examples 1 and 2 were made except that the mixed soil was a mixture of river sand and mountain sand in a volume ratio of 1: 1, and the results are shown in [Table 7] to [Table 9].

  According to the above, even a turf of a hard-to-decompose golf course with strong fiber can be decomposed by about 20% or more in about 31 days.

[Example 4]
The same decomposition treatment agent (after dilution) as in Examples 1 to 3 was mixed with humus, applied to a crencho and other turf, and the results of observation in a higher temperature environment than Example 1 are shown in [Table 10].

  According to the above, if the temperature is relatively high, even a highly degradable golf course turf with strong fiber can be completely decomposed (disappeared) in about 18 days.

[Example 5]
The same decomposition treatment agent (after dilution) as in Examples 1 to 4 was mixed with humus, applied to a crencho and other turf, and the results observed in a higher temperature environment than Example 1 are shown in [Table 10].

  According to the above, if the temperature is relatively high, even a highly degradable golf course turf with strong fiber can be completely decomposed (disappeared) in about 18 days.

[Example 6]
Table 11 shows the results of observation of the same decomposition treatment agent (after dilution) as in Examples 1 to 5 on hay and fallen leaves, not turf, after mixing with humus or river sand.

  According to the above, even dead grass and fallen leaves can be completely decomposed (disappeared) in about 20 days, like turf.

[Comparative Example 1]
The decomposition treatment agent as Comparative Example 1 which does not belong to the present invention, which is a photosynthetic bacterium 10, fermentative bacterium 10, actinomycetes 15, honey 10, brown sugar 10 in volume ratio, was diluted 100 times with water, and Similarly, it was put into turf with humus and the decomposition rate was observed. The results of the observation are shown in [Table 12] to [Table 14].

  According to the above, with respect to the turf of a highly fiber-resistant and hard-to-decompose golf course, all the turf started to decompose after 30 days, and only about 10% decomposed after 40 days. Is impractical with a slow degradation rate.

[Comparative Example 2]
The decomposition treatment agent as Comparative Example 2, which is a photosynthetic bacterium 10, fermentative bacterium 10, actinomycetes 5, honey 10 and brown sugar 10 in volume ratio, was diluted 100 times with water, and turf containing humus as in Example 1 The decomposition rate was observed. The results of the observation are shown in [Table 15] to [Table 17].

  According to the above, with respect to the turf of a strong and hard-disintegrating golf course, none of the turf began to decompose after 30 days, and the decomposition treatment agent of Comparative Example 2 was impractical with a slow decomposition rate. ing.

[Comparative Example 3]
The same decomposition treatment agent as that in Comparative Example 2 was diluted 100 times with water, and was added to the grass with river sand, and the decomposition rate was observed. The results of the observation are shown in [Table 18] to [Table 20].

  According to the above, with respect to the turf of a hard and hard-disintegrating golf course, none of the turf began to decompose after 30 days, and the decomposition treatment agent of Comparative Example 3 was impractical with a slow decomposition rate. ing.

[Comparative Example 4]
The same decomposition treatment agent as in Comparative Example 2 was diluted 100 times with water, and poured into turf containing river sand and mountain sand mixed in half, and the decomposition rate was observed. The results of the observation are shown in [Table 21] to [Table 23].

  According to the above, with respect to the turf of a strong and hard-disintegrating golf course, none of the turf began to decompose after 30 days, and the decomposition treatment agent of Comparative Example 4 was impractical with a slow decomposition rate. ing.

[Comparative Example 5]
Photolytic bacteria 10, fermentative bacteria 10, actinomycetes 35, honey 10 and brown sugar 10 as a comparative example 5 in volume ratio are diluted 100 times with water and put into turf with mulch, and the decomposition rate Was observed. The results of the observation are shown in [Table 24] to [Table 26].

  According to the above, with respect to the turf of a strong and hard-disintegrating golf course with high fiber quality, all the turf began to decompose after 25 days, and the decomposition treatment agent of Comparative Example 5 was impractical with a slow decomposition rate. It has become a thing.

[Comparative Example 6]
The same decomposition treatment agent as that in Comparative Example 5 was diluted 100 times with water, and was added to grass with river sand, and the decomposition rate was observed. The results of the observation are shown in [Table 27] to [Table 29].

  According to the above, with regard to the turf of a strong and hard-disintegrating golf course with strong fiber, all the turf starts to decompose after 25 days, and the decomposition treatment agent of Comparative Example 6 is impractical with a slow decomposition rate. It has become a thing.

[Comparative Example 7]
The same decomposition treatment agent as in Comparative Example 5 was diluted 100 times with water, and poured into turf containing river sand and mountain sand mixed in half, and the decomposition rate was observed. The results of the observation are shown in [Table 30] to [Table 32].

  According to the above, as for the turf of the hard and hard-disintegrating golf course with strong fiber, all the turf starts to decompose after 25 days, and the decomposition treatment agent of Comparative Example 7 is impractical with a slow decomposition rate. It has become a thing.

[Comparative Example 8]
The decomposition treatment agent as Comparative Example 8 which is photosynthetic bacteria 20, fermentative bacteria 10, actinomycetes 10, honey 10 and brown sugar 10 in volume ratio is diluted 100 times with water and put into turf with humus, and the decomposition rate Was observed. The results of the observation are shown in [Table 33] to [Table 35].

  According to the above, regarding the turf of a golf course with strong fiber and hardly decomposable, all the turf starts to decompose after 28 days, and the decomposition treatment agent of Comparative Example 8 is impractical because of its slow decomposition rate. It is a typical one.

[Comparative Example 9]
The same decomposition treatment agent as that in Comparative Example 8 was diluted 100 times with water, and was added to grass with river sand, and the decomposition rate was observed. The results of the observation are shown in [Table 36] to [Table 38].

  According to the above, regarding the turf of a strong and hard-disintegrating golf course with no fiber, none of the turf is decomposed even after 30 days, and the decomposition treatment agent of Comparative Example 9 is impractical with a slow decomposition rate. It has become a thing.

[Comparative Example 10]
The same decomposition treatment agent as in Comparative Example 8 was diluted 100 times with water, and poured into turf containing river sand and mountain sand mixed in half, and the decomposition rate was observed. The results of the observation are shown in [Table 39] to [Table 41].

  According to the above, regarding the turf of a strong and hard-disintegrating golf course with no fiber, none of the turf is decomposed even after 30 days, and the decomposition treatment agent of Comparative Example 10 is impractical with a slow decomposition rate. It has become a thing.

[Comparative Example 11]
The decomposition treatment agent as Comparative Example 8 which is photosynthesis bacteria 10, fermentation bacteria 20, actinomycetes 10, honey 10 and brown sugar 10 by volume ratio is diluted 100 times with water and put into turf with humus soil, and the decomposition rate Was observed. The results of the observation are shown in [Table 42] to [Table 44].

  According to the above, with regard to the turf of a hard-disintegrating golf course with strong fiber, all the turf finally began to decompose after 27 days, and only about 10% after 30 days. No. 11 decomposition treatment agent is impractical with a slow decomposition rate.

[Comparative Example 12]
The same decomposition treatment agent as that in Comparative Example 11 was diluted 100 times with water, and was added to the grass with river sand, and the decomposition rate was observed. The results of the observation are shown in [Table 45] to [Table 47].

  According to the above, with regard to the turf of a highly hard and hard-disintegrating golf course, all the turf begins to decompose after 29 days, and the decomposition treatment agent of Comparative Example 12 is impractical with a slow decomposition rate. It is a typical one.

[Comparative Example 13]
The same decomposition treatment agent as in Comparative Example 11 was diluted 100 times with water, and poured into turf containing river sand and mountain sand mixed in half, and the decomposition rate was observed. The results of the observation are shown in [Table 48] to [Table 50].

  According to the above, with regard to the turf of a highly hard and hard-disintegrating golf course, all the turf starts to decompose after 26 days, and the decomposition treatment agent of Comparative Example 13 is impractical because of its slow decomposition rate. It is a typical one.

[Reference example]
When the decomposition rate was similarly investigated about what remove | excluded only honey from the mixing | blending of the decomposition processing agent of each said Example and each comparative example, the progress delay of the decomposition | disassembly of 3 to 10 days was seen. Similarly, when the brown sugar was removed, the decomposition was delayed for 3 to 10 days. Furthermore, when the same thing except honey and brown sugar was investigated similarly, the delay of decomposition | disassembly of 5 to 20 days was seen.

[Summary]
Comparing Examples 1 to 5 with Comparative Example 1, Comparative Examples 1 to 3 have a rate of degradation that is insufficient due to a small proportion of photosynthetic bacteria and fermenting bacteria. Since the ratio of photosynthetic bacteria and fermenting bacteria is relatively large, the decomposition rate is sufficiently fast even with strong fiber turf.

  When comparing Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 2 to 4, Comparative Examples 2 to 4 have a low rate of degradation because of the low proportion of photosynthetic bacteria, fermentative bacteria and actinomycetes, In Examples 1 to 5, since the ratio of photosynthetic bacteria and fermenting bacteria is relatively large, the decomposition rate is sufficiently fast even with strong fiber turf.

  When comparing Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 5 to 7, Comparative Examples 5 to 7 have an insufficient degradation rate due to the large proportion of actinomycetes, whereas Examples 1 to 5 are Since the ratio of actinomycetes is relatively small, the decomposition rate is sufficiently fast even with strong fiber turf.

  Comparing Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 8 to 10, Comparative Examples 8 to 10 show that the rate of decomposition is insufficient due to the small proportion of fermentation bacteria and actinomycetes, whereas Example 1 Since -5 has a relatively large proportion of actinomycetes, the decomposition rate is sufficiently fast even with strong fiber turf.

  When comparing Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 11 to 13, Comparative Examples 11 to 13 have insufficient degradation rates due to the small proportion of photosynthetic bacteria, whereas Examples 1 to 5 are Because of the relatively high proportion of photosynthetic bacteria, even strong fiber turf has a sufficiently high degradation rate.

  Summing up the above, the decomposition treatment agent according to the present invention is such that, by volume ratio, the photosynthetic bacteria are 15-20, the fermentative bacteria are 15-45, and the actinomycetes are 10-30. If it is constituted so as to contain the fungus, it is possible to provide a decomposition treatment agent having a sufficiently high decomposition rate even for strong fiber turf.

  If brown sugar or honey is added, or humus is mixed with the decomposition target, the decomposition rate can be further improved by increasing the degree of activity by using these as nutrients. Regarding humus, microorganisms are present in itself, and the nutritional value of bacteria is relatively high, so it is considered that compatibility is good.

Claims (4)

A plant material decomposition treatment agent comprising the following bacterial culture mixed in the following volume ratio:
15-20 photosynthetic bacteria
15-45 fermenting bacteria
10-30 actinomycetes Furthermore, the browning agent and / or honey were added, The decomposition processing agent of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned. A decomposition treatment method characterized by spraying the decomposition treatment agent according to claim 1 or 2 onto a plant substance. The decomposition treatment method according to claim 3, wherein humus is mixed with the plant substance.