JP2000512614A - Ｎｋ３アンタゴニストとしてのキノリン誘導体 - Google Patents
Ｎｋ３アンタゴニストとしてのキノリン誘導体Info
- Publication number
- JP2000512614A JP2000512614A JP09520159A JP52015997A JP2000512614A JP 2000512614 A JP2000512614 A JP 2000512614A JP 09520159 A JP09520159 A JP 09520159A JP 52015997 A JP52015997 A JP 52015997A JP 2000512614 A JP2000512614 A JP 2000512614A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- mmol
- disorders
- group
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical class N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 title claims abstract 3
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 229940027991 antiseptic and disinfectant quinoline derivative Drugs 0.000 title description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000004454 (C1-C6) alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 102000007124 Tachykinin Receptors Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 108010072901 Tachykinin Receptors Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000006272 (C3-C7) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004442 acylamino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000004916 (C1-C6) alkylcarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- GZAINRLYQOVLRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[cyano(nitro)amino]-2-oxoacetic acid Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])N(C(=O)C(=O)O)C#N GZAINRLYQOVLRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalimide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 2
- -1 C1-6Alkenyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 63
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 30
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 claims description 26
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 claims description 14
- 201000004624 Dermatitis Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000027866 inflammatory disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000010668 atopic eczema Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000033808 peripheral neuropathy Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000022559 Inflammatory bowel disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007815 allergy Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010009900 Colitis ulcerative Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000022873 Ocular disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 201000006704 Ulcerative Colitis Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 201000001119 neuropathy Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007823 neuropathy Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000017520 skin disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000030507 AIDS Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000011231 Crohn disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000026935 allergic disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002981 neuropathic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000027932 Collagen disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000016192 Demyelinating disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010016654 Fibrosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000024780 Urticaria Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010047163 Vasospasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000024732 dysthymic disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004761 fibrosis Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009610 hypersensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001900 immune effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000004296 neuralgia Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000015122 neurodegenerative disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000023504 respiratory system disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000392 somatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000024883 vasodilation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000020341 sensory perception of pain Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 206010010904 Convulsion Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004064 dysfunction Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002889 sympathetic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000004457 alkyl amino carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000001316 cycloalkyl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000004656 alkyl sulfonylamino group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000006620 amino-(C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000000278 alkyl amino alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000004945 acylaminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 149
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 109
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 83
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 77
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 60
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 57
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 54
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 54
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 46
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 39
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 37
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 37
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 37
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 27
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 20
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 18
- QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N=C=NC1CCCCC1 QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 17
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 17
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 17
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 17
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical compound CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- ADFXKUOMJKEIND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dicyclohexylurea Chemical compound C1CCCCC1NC(=O)NC1CCCCC1 ADFXKUOMJKEIND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 10
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 10
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C(Cl)=O CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- NPZTUJOABDZTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxybenzotriazole Substances O=C1C=CC=C2NNN=C12 NPZTUJOABDZTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 9
- ASOKPJOREAFHNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(O)N=NC2=C1 ASOKPJOREAFHNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- YTRMTPPVNRALON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-4-quinolinecarboxylic acid Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 YTRMTPPVNRALON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- FUUXTVBJBBSPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [carboxy(phenyl)methyl]-methylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CNC(C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FUUXTVBJBBSPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 7
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 206010010741 Conjunctivitis Diseases 0.000 description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical class [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 5
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 150000003248 quinolines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000000175 2-thienyl group Chemical group S1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 208000019695 Migraine disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 101800002813 Neurokinin-B Proteins 0.000 description 4
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012264 purified product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- CHZXTOCAICMPQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-bromoethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCBr)C(=O)C2=C1 CHZXTOCAICMPQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010069632 Bladder dysfunction Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000009079 Bronchial Spasm Diseases 0.000 description 3
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- 241000700199 Cavia porcellus Species 0.000 description 3
- 206010012442 Dermatitis contact Diseases 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- NHXYSAFTNPANFK-HDMCBQFHSA-N Neurokinin B Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(N)=O)C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1N=CNC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 NHXYSAFTNPANFK-HDMCBQFHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000046798 Neurokinin B Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 102000002003 Neurokinin-3 Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010040716 Neurokinin-3 Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000010247 contact dermatitis Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004674 methylcarbonyl group Chemical group CC(=O)* 0.000 description 3
- 206010027599 migraine Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HMHYXLVEFVGOPM-QKUYTOGTSA-N (3s)-4-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-1-[[2-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-1-amino-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]-methylamino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(3-carboxypropanoylamino)-4-oxobutan Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(N)=O)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)CCC(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HMHYXLVEFVGOPM-QKUYTOGTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RMGFLMXDCGQKPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-chloroethyl)pyrrolidine Chemical compound ClCCN1CCCC1 RMGFLMXDCGQKPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYJOVVXUZNRJQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Acetylthiophene Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CS1 WYJOVVXUZNRJQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004182 2-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(Cl)=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000002941 2-furyl group Chemical group O1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- KDFDOINBXBEOLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(C)(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 KDFDOINBXBEOLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FSEXLNMNADBYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=CC=C2)C2=N1 FSEXLNMNADBYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004189 3,4-dichlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(Cl)=C(Cl)C([H])=C1* 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/4709—Non-condensed quinolines and containing further heterocyclic rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/473—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. acridines, phenanthridines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
- C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D215/48—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen
- C07D215/50—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen attached in position 4
- C07D215/52—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen attached in position 4 with aryl radicals attached in position 2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D221/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00
- C07D221/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D221/04—Ortho- or peri-condensed ring systems
- C07D221/18—Ring systems of four or more rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D409/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D409/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9524104.8 | 1995-11-24 | ||
| GBGB9524104.8A GB9524104D0 (en) | 1995-11-24 | 1995-11-24 | Novel compounds |
| PCT/EP1996/005209 WO1997019927A1 (en) | 1995-11-24 | 1996-11-22 | Quinoline derivatives as nk3 antagonists |
| CA002238171A CA2238171C (en) | 1995-11-24 | 1998-05-21 | Quinoline derivatives as nk3 antagonists |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000512614A true JP2000512614A (ja) | 2000-09-26 |
| JP2000512614A5 JP2000512614A5 (enExample) | 2004-10-07 |
Family
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP09520159A Ceased JP2000512614A (ja) | 1995-11-24 | 1996-11-22 | Ｎｋ３アンタゴニストとしてのキノリン誘導体 |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6743804B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP0874827B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2000512614A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2238171C (enExample) |
| CY (1) | CY2505B1 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE69628334T2 (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES2200080T3 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB9524104D0 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO1997019927A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (36)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US7037922B1 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2006-05-02 | Neurogen Corporation | Aryl fused 2,4-disubstituted pyridines: NK3 receptor ligands |
| JP2002540203A (ja) | 1999-03-29 | 2002-11-26 | ニューロゲン コーポレイション | Ｎｋ−３および／またはｇａｂａ（ａ）受容体リガンドとしての４−置換キノリン誘導体 |
| DE60022508T2 (de) | 1999-06-14 | 2006-06-08 | Eli Lilly And Co., Indianapolis | Inhibitoren von serin proteasen |
| GEP20053530B (en) | 1999-10-19 | 2005-05-25 | Merck & Co Inc | Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors, Pharmaceutical Compositions Containing Them and Use Thereof |
| US6794393B1 (en) | 1999-10-19 | 2004-09-21 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Tyrosine kinase inhibitors |
| US6420382B2 (en) | 2000-02-25 | 2002-07-16 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Tyrosine kinase inhibitors |
| US6313138B1 (en) | 2000-02-25 | 2001-11-06 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Tyrosine kinase inhibitors |
| US6521618B2 (en) | 2000-03-28 | 2003-02-18 | Wyeth | 3-cyanoquinolines, 3-cyano-1,6-naphthyridines, and 3-cyano-1,7-naphthyridines as protein kinase inhibitors |
| AU2002226877B2 (en) | 2000-10-17 | 2006-01-12 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Orally active salts with tyrosine kinase activity |
| GB0028964D0 (en) * | 2000-11-28 | 2001-01-10 | Smithkline Beecham Spa | Novel compounds |
| WO2003037252A2 (en) | 2001-10-30 | 2003-05-08 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Tyrosine kinase inhibitors |
| EP1541149A1 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2005-06-15 | Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Phosphodiesterase inhibitor |
| US7772188B2 (en) | 2003-01-28 | 2010-08-10 | Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods and compositions for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders |
| DE602004028678D1 (de) | 2003-01-28 | 2010-09-23 | Ironwood Pharmaceuticals Inc | Zusammensetzungen zur Behandlung von Magen-Darm-Störungen |
| RU2229475C1 (ru) * | 2003-03-06 | 2004-05-27 | ООО "Исследовательский институт химического разнообразия | 6-сульфамоилхинолин-4-карбоновые кислоты, их производные и комбинаторная библиотека |
| TW200804288A (en) | 2005-12-12 | 2008-01-16 | Astrazeneca Ab | Alkylsulphonamide quinolines |
| US8034782B2 (en) | 2008-07-16 | 2011-10-11 | Synergy Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Agonists of guanylate cyclase useful for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, inflammation, cancer and other disorders |
| US8969514B2 (en) | 2007-06-04 | 2015-03-03 | Synergy Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Agonists of guanylate cyclase useful for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, gallstone, obesity and other cardiovascular diseases |
| WO2008151257A2 (en) | 2007-06-04 | 2008-12-11 | Synergy Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Agonists of guanylate cyclase useful for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, inflammation, cancer and other disorders |
| US20090118135A1 (en) * | 2007-06-08 | 2009-05-07 | The Burnham Institute | Methods and compounds for regulating apoptosis |
| EP2810951B1 (en) | 2008-06-04 | 2017-03-15 | Synergy Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Agonists of guanylate cyclase useful for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, inflammation, cancer and other disorders |
| WO2018129556A1 (en) | 2017-01-09 | 2018-07-12 | Ardelyx, Inc. | Compounds and methods for inhibiting nhe-mediated antiport in the treatment of disorders associated with fluid retention or salt overload and gastrointestinal tract disorders |
| NO2384318T3 (enExample) | 2008-12-31 | 2018-04-14 | ||
| US9616097B2 (en) | 2010-09-15 | 2017-04-11 | Synergy Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Formulations of guanylate cyclase C agonists and methods of use |
| MX366293B (es) | 2012-08-21 | 2019-07-04 | Ardelyx Inc | Compuestos y metodos para inhibir al antipuerto mediado por nhe en el tratamiento de trastornos asociados con la retencion de fluidos o la sobrecarga de sal y trastornos del tracto gastrointestinal. |
| US10376481B2 (en) | 2012-08-21 | 2019-08-13 | Ardelyx, Inc. | Compounds and methods for inhibiting NHE-mediated antiport in the treatment of disorders associated with fluid retention or salt overload and gastrointestinal tract disorders |
| US9708367B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-07-18 | Synergy Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Agonists of guanylate cyclase and their uses |
| AU2014235209B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-06-14 | Bausch Health Ireland Limited | Guanylate cyclase receptor agonists combined with other drugs |
| EP3552630A1 (en) | 2013-04-12 | 2019-10-16 | Ardelyx, Inc. | Nhe3-binding compounds for inhibiting phosphate transport |
| CA2909752A1 (en) | 2013-04-19 | 2014-10-23 | Astrazeneca Ab | A nk3 receptor antagonist compound (nk3ra) for use in a method for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos) |
| CN105764916B (zh) | 2013-06-05 | 2021-05-18 | 博士医疗爱尔兰有限公司 | 鸟苷酸环化酶c的超纯激动剂、制备和使用所述激动剂的方法 |
| WO2016007532A1 (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2016-01-14 | Dow Agrosciences Llc | Process for the preparation of 3-hydroxypicolinic acids |
| WO2017072629A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 | 2017-05-04 | Cadila Healthcare Limited | Pharmaceutical combination of nk3 receptor antagonist and biguanides |
| US11242337B2 (en) | 2017-01-09 | 2022-02-08 | Ardelyx, Inc. | Compounds useful for treating gastrointestinal tract disorders |
| BR112019013963A2 (pt) | 2017-01-09 | 2020-04-28 | Ardelyx Inc | inibidores de antiporte mediado por nhe |
| EP3881843A4 (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2022-08-03 | Kyushu University, National University Corporation | PROPHYLACTIC OR THERAPEUTIC AGENT AND MEDICINAL COMPOSITION FOR IL-31-MEDIATED DISEASE |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2538388B1 (fr) * | 1982-12-24 | 1985-06-21 | Pharmuka Lab | Nouveaux derives de naphtalene- ou azanaphtalenecarboxamide, leurs procedes de preparation et leur utilisation comme medicaments |
| EP0533280B2 (en) * | 1991-09-20 | 2004-12-01 | Glaxo Group Limited | Novel medical use for tachykinin antagonists |
| NO179904C (no) * | 1992-09-04 | 1997-01-08 | Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd | Kondenserte heterocykliske forbindelser og deres anvendelse |
| TW263498B (enExample) * | 1993-11-10 | 1995-11-21 | Takeda Pharm Industry Co Ltd | |
| SK282721B6 (sk) * | 1994-05-27 | 2002-11-06 | Smithkline Beecham S.P.A. | Nepeptidové NK3 antagonistické látky, spôsob ich výroby, farmaceutické prostriedky s ich obsahom a ich použitie |
| IT1270615B (it) * | 1994-07-14 | 1997-05-07 | Smithkline Beecham Farma | Uso di derivati di chinolina |
-
1995
- 1995-11-24 GB GBGB9524104.8A patent/GB9524104D0/en active Pending
-
1996
- 1996-11-22 ES ES96939926T patent/ES2200080T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-11-22 WO PCT/EP1996/005209 patent/WO1997019927A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-11-22 EP EP96939926A patent/EP0874827B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-11-22 JP JP09520159A patent/JP2000512614A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1996-11-22 DE DE69628334T patent/DE69628334T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-05-21 CA CA002238171A patent/CA2238171C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-05-07 US US10/140,452 patent/US6743804B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-11-22 CY CY0400083A patent/CY2505B1/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0874827B1 (en) | 2003-05-21 |
| DE69628334T2 (de) | 2004-02-19 |
| EP0874827A1 (en) | 1998-11-04 |
| CY2505B1 (en) | 2005-12-23 |
| WO1997019927A1 (en) | 1997-06-05 |
| CA2238171A1 (en) | 1999-11-21 |
| ES2200080T3 (es) | 2004-03-01 |
| DE69628334D1 (de) | 2003-06-26 |
| GB9524104D0 (en) | 1996-01-24 |
| CA2238171C (en) | 2008-07-22 |
| US6743804B2 (en) | 2004-06-01 |
| US20030195204A1 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
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