JP2000512585A - 特に自動車の液圧式のブレーキ装置に用いられる電磁作動式の弁 - Google Patents
特に自動車の液圧式のブレーキ装置に用いられる電磁作動式の弁Info
- Publication number
- JP2000512585A JP2000512585A JP09528030A JP52803097A JP2000512585A JP 2000512585 A JP2000512585 A JP 2000512585A JP 09528030 A JP09528030 A JP 09528030A JP 52803097 A JP52803097 A JP 52803097A JP 2000512585 A JP2000512585 A JP 2000512585A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- seat
- plunger
- characteristic line
- closing member
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
- B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/68—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
- B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
- B60T8/36—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition including a pilot valve responding to an electromagnetic force
- B60T8/3615—Electromagnetic valves specially adapted for anti-lock brake and traction control systems
- B60T8/3655—Continuously controlled electromagnetic valves
- B60T8/366—Valve details
- B60T8/367—Seat valves, e.g. poppet valves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T15/00—Construction arrangement, or operation of valves incorporated in power brake systems and not covered by groups B60T11/00 or B60T13/00
- B60T15/02—Application and release valves
- B60T15/025—Electrically controlled valves
- B60T15/028—Electrically controlled valves in hydraulic systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
- B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
- B60T8/36—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition including a pilot valve responding to an electromagnetic force
- B60T8/3615—Electromagnetic valves specially adapted for anti-lock brake and traction control systems
- B60T8/363—Electromagnetic valves specially adapted for anti-lock brake and traction control systems in hydraulic systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
- B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
- B60T8/36—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition including a pilot valve responding to an electromagnetic force
- B60T8/3615—Electromagnetic valves specially adapted for anti-lock brake and traction control systems
- B60T8/363—Electromagnetic valves specially adapted for anti-lock brake and traction control systems in hydraulic systems
- B60T8/365—Electromagnetic valves specially adapted for anti-lock brake and traction control systems in hydraulic systems combining a plurality of functions in one unit, e.g. pressure relief
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
- B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
- B60T8/50—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition having means for controlling the rate at which pressure is reapplied to or released from the brake
- B60T8/5018—Pressure reapplication using restrictions
- B60T8/5025—Pressure reapplication using restrictions in hydraulic brake systems
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1. 特に自動車の液圧式のブレーキ装置に用いられる電磁作動式の弁(10) であって、 (イ)圧力媒体入口(26)と圧力媒体出口(33)との間に座弁(41)が 設けられており、 (ロ)該座弁(41)が中空円錐状の弁座(28)と、球欠の形の閉鎖部材( 37)とを有しており、 (ハ)前記弁座(28)の中央には、前記圧力媒体入口(26)に接続された 流入孔(29)が開口しており、 (ニ)前記閉鎖部材(37)が、プランジャ(20)の円筒状区分(38)の 端面において鋭角状の移行部を有して形成されており、 (ホ)前記プランジャ(20)には、閉鎖するように座弁(41)に作用する 磁気可動子(19)と、開放するように座弁(41)に作用する戻しばね(23 )とが係合している形式のものにおいて、 (ヘ)流入孔(29)の直径(D1)が、弁座(28)のシール直径(D2)に ほぼ相当していて、 (ト)弁座(28)の円錐頂角(α)が最大でも90度であって、 (チ)弁(10)の磁気回路が、磁気可動子(19)に加えられて閉鎖部材( 37)に伝達される磁力が無段階式に可変であるように形成されており、こ の場合、磁力の経過を描く特性線は、弁開放行程が増大するにつれ単調に下降し 、 (リ)圧力媒体と戻しばね(23)とにより形成される、閉鎖部材(37)にお ける力(FP+FF)が、弁開放行程(H)の増加に伴い単調に低下する特性線を 有し、この特性線の負の勾配率が、磁力特性線の負の勾配率よりも大きいように 規定されていることを特徴とする、特に自動車の液圧式のブレーキ装置に用いら れる電磁作動式の弁。 2. プランジャ区分(38)の直径(D3)が、弁座(28)のシール直径( D2)に少なくともほぼ相当する、請求項1記載の弁。 3. 弁座(28)が、少なくとも該弁座(28)のシール直径(D2)の2倍 に相当する直径(D4)で、鋭角状に自由に開口されている、請求項1記載の弁 。 4. プランジャ区分(38)が、少なくとも弁座(28)のシール直径(D2 )に相当する長さ(L)をおいて、弁座に相当する円錐形状を備えた移行部(3 9)で終わっている、請求項1記載の弁。 5. プランジャ(20)が、プレス嵌めされたスリーブ(21)を支持してい て、該スリーブ(21)が、戻しばね(23)のための支持面(24)を有して いる、請求項1記載の弁。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19604317A DE19604317A1 (de) | 1996-02-07 | 1996-02-07 | Elektromagnetisch betätigtes Ventil, insbesondere für hydraulische Bremsanlagen von Kraftfahrzeugen |
DE19604317.4 | 1996-02-07 | ||
PCT/DE1996/002270 WO1997028999A1 (de) | 1996-02-07 | 1996-11-27 | Elektromagnetisch betätigtes ventil, insbesondere für hydraulische bremsanlagen von kraftfahrzeugen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2000512585A true JP2000512585A (ja) | 2000-09-26 |
JP4082731B2 JP4082731B2 (ja) | 2008-04-30 |
Family
ID=7784681
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP52803097A Expired - Fee Related JP4082731B2 (ja) | 1996-02-07 | 1996-11-27 | 特に自動車の液圧式のブレーキ装置に用いられる電磁作動式の弁 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6092781A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0877686B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4082731B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100478545B1 (ja) |
DE (2) | DE19604317A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1997028999A1 (ja) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004505227A (ja) * | 2000-07-27 | 2004-02-19 | ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング | 特に自動車の液圧式ブレーキ装置用の電磁作動弁 |
JP2004506573A (ja) * | 2000-08-19 | 2004-03-04 | ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング | 特に自動車の液圧式ブレーキ装置のための電磁作動弁 |
JP2007131057A (ja) * | 2005-11-08 | 2007-05-31 | Advics:Kk | ブレーキ液圧制御用アクチュエータ |
US7341320B2 (en) | 2003-05-19 | 2008-03-11 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Electromagnetically actuated valve |
JP2008190550A (ja) * | 2007-02-01 | 2008-08-21 | Nissin Kogyo Co Ltd | 電磁弁 |
JP2012166727A (ja) * | 2011-02-16 | 2012-09-06 | Toyota Motor Corp | 液圧制御装置、減圧制御弁、増圧制御弁 |
Families Citing this family (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19710173A1 (de) * | 1997-03-12 | 1998-09-17 | Itt Mfg Enterprises Inc | Druckregelventil |
US5984432A (en) * | 1997-03-14 | 1999-11-16 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Pressure control apparatus including seating valve controlled by electric current incremented upon valve opening depending upon pressure difference across the valve |
DE19837207A1 (de) * | 1998-03-03 | 1999-09-09 | Itt Mfg Enterprises Inc | Elektromagnetventil |
JP2002505408A (ja) | 1998-03-03 | 2002-02-19 | コンティネンタル・テーベス・アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト・ウント・コンパニー・オッフェネ・ハンデルスゲゼルシヤフト | 電磁弁 |
WO1999050117A1 (de) | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-07 | Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg | Elektromagnetventil |
DE19836494A1 (de) * | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-07 | Itt Mfg Enterprises Inc | Elektromagnetventil |
JP3631904B2 (ja) * | 1998-06-30 | 2005-03-23 | 日信工業株式会社 | 電磁弁 |
US6471305B1 (en) * | 1999-06-30 | 2002-10-29 | Kelsey-Hayes Company | Isolation valve armature configured to reduce bernoulli force during normal braking operation |
US6409145B1 (en) | 2000-02-28 | 2002-06-25 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Plunger assembly having a preset spring force pre-load |
DE20017580U1 (de) * | 2000-10-13 | 2001-02-08 | Techem Service Ag | Absperrvorrichtung |
US6454240B1 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2002-09-24 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Anti-extrusion ring for use in conjunction with a vehicle solenoid valve |
US8418723B2 (en) | 2001-12-11 | 2013-04-16 | Kayaba Industry Co., Ltd. | Electromagnetic proportional flow rate control valve |
WO2004020263A1 (de) * | 2002-08-27 | 2004-03-11 | Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg | Elektromagnetventil |
GB2397868B (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2005-03-02 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Electromagnetically actuated valve, in particular for hydraulic brake systems in motor vehicles |
JP4010982B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-03 | 2007-11-21 | 日信工業株式会社 | 電磁弁 |
DE10350624A1 (de) * | 2003-10-29 | 2005-06-09 | Volkswagen Ag | Elektromagnetisches Schnellschaltventil |
US7246632B2 (en) | 2004-03-30 | 2007-07-24 | Nissin Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Normally-closed electromagnetic valve and manufacturing method for the same |
CN100360356C (zh) * | 2004-10-25 | 2008-01-09 | 株式会社万都 | 电磁阀 |
JP2006151362A (ja) * | 2004-11-04 | 2006-06-15 | Advics:Kk | 調圧リザーバおよびそれを用いた車両用ブレーキ装置 |
US7367636B2 (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2008-05-06 | Bendix Commercial Vehicle Systems, Llc | Solenoid armature with integrated spherical soft seal |
JP2007055521A (ja) * | 2005-08-26 | 2007-03-08 | Advics:Kk | ブレーキ制御用電磁弁 |
JP4609324B2 (ja) * | 2006-01-10 | 2011-01-12 | 株式会社デンソー | リニアソレノイド |
WO2008097534A1 (en) * | 2007-02-05 | 2008-08-14 | Kelsey-Hayes Company | Hydraulic control unit for vehicular brake system |
US8006715B2 (en) * | 2007-09-20 | 2011-08-30 | Caterpillar Inc. | Valve with thin-film coating |
US9016660B2 (en) | 2010-02-03 | 2015-04-28 | Kelsey-Hayes Company | Electromagnetic valve |
EP2558758B1 (de) | 2010-04-10 | 2016-05-18 | Hydac Fluidtechnik GmbH | Stromregelventil |
US10723335B2 (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2020-07-28 | Mando Corporation | Solenoid valve for brake system |
CN111779867B (zh) * | 2020-08-03 | 2021-12-28 | 浙江东辰阀门科技有限公司 | 一种抑振减压阀 |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE3502276A1 (de) * | 1985-01-24 | 1986-07-24 | Wabco Westinghouse Fahrzeugbremsen GmbH, 3000 Hannover | Einrichtung zur stetigen steuerung eines normalerweise fuer unstetige betriebsweise ausgebildeten magnetventiles |
JPH0660700B2 (ja) * | 1985-04-01 | 1994-08-10 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 油圧制御用閉ル−プ式比例電磁弁 |
DE3729183C2 (de) * | 1987-09-01 | 1994-11-10 | Rexroth Mannesmann Gmbh | Schaltung zum Betrieb eines magnetisch betätigten Ventils |
DE4119662A1 (de) * | 1991-06-14 | 1992-12-17 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Hydraulische bremsanlage mit blockierschutz- und antriebsschlupfregeleinrichtung, insbesondere fuer kraftfahrzeuge |
DE4134490A1 (de) * | 1991-10-18 | 1993-04-22 | Teves Gmbh Alfred | Blockiergeschuetzte hydraulische bremsanlage |
JPH09511468A (ja) * | 1994-02-03 | 1997-11-18 | アイティーティー・オートモーティブ・ヨーロップ・ゲーエムベーハー | スリップ制御付き液圧ブレーキ装置 |
DE4412648A1 (de) * | 1994-04-13 | 1995-10-19 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Elektromagnetisch betätigtes Ventil, insbesondere für schlupfgeregelte hydraulische Bremsanlagen in Kraftfahrzeugen |
DE4426796A1 (de) * | 1994-07-28 | 1996-02-01 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Elektromagnetventil, insbesondere für schlupfgeregelte hydraulische Bremsanlagen in Kraftfahrzeugen |
DE4438721A1 (de) * | 1994-10-29 | 1996-05-02 | Teves Gmbh Alfred | Hydraulische Bremsanlage |
DE4441150A1 (de) * | 1994-11-18 | 1996-05-23 | Teves Gmbh Alfred | Druckregelventil |
WO1996015926A1 (de) * | 1994-11-24 | 1996-05-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Elektromagnetisch steuerbare ventilanordnung |
DE19504077A1 (de) * | 1995-02-08 | 1996-08-14 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Magnetventil mit Druckbegrenzung für schlupfgeregelte Kraftfahrzeug-Bremsanlagen |
US5603483A (en) * | 1995-12-11 | 1997-02-18 | General Motors Corporation | Solenoid valve |
DE19547374A1 (de) * | 1995-12-19 | 1997-06-26 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Elektrisch steuerbares Ventil insbesondere zum Einbau in eine hydraulische Fahrzeugbremsanlage |
-
1996
- 1996-02-07 DE DE19604317A patent/DE19604317A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-11-27 KR KR10-1998-0702576A patent/KR100478545B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-11-27 JP JP52803097A patent/JP4082731B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-11-27 WO PCT/DE1996/002270 patent/WO1997028999A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1996-11-27 DE DE59610677T patent/DE59610677D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-11-27 US US09/117,934 patent/US6092781A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-11-27 EP EP96945751A patent/EP0877686B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004505227A (ja) * | 2000-07-27 | 2004-02-19 | ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング | 特に自動車の液圧式ブレーキ装置用の電磁作動弁 |
JP2004506573A (ja) * | 2000-08-19 | 2004-03-04 | ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング | 特に自動車の液圧式ブレーキ装置のための電磁作動弁 |
US7341320B2 (en) | 2003-05-19 | 2008-03-11 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Electromagnetically actuated valve |
JP2007131057A (ja) * | 2005-11-08 | 2007-05-31 | Advics:Kk | ブレーキ液圧制御用アクチュエータ |
JP2008190550A (ja) * | 2007-02-01 | 2008-08-21 | Nissin Kogyo Co Ltd | 電磁弁 |
US7938381B2 (en) | 2007-02-01 | 2011-05-10 | Nissin Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Electromagnetic valve |
JP4734264B2 (ja) * | 2007-02-01 | 2011-07-27 | 日信工業株式会社 | 電磁弁 |
JP2012166727A (ja) * | 2011-02-16 | 2012-09-06 | Toyota Motor Corp | 液圧制御装置、減圧制御弁、増圧制御弁 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59610677D1 (de) | 2003-09-25 |
JP4082731B2 (ja) | 2008-04-30 |
KR100478545B1 (ko) | 2005-07-12 |
US6092781A (en) | 2000-07-25 |
KR19990064096A (ko) | 1999-07-26 |
WO1997028999A1 (de) | 1997-08-14 |
DE19604317A1 (de) | 1997-08-14 |
EP0877686B1 (de) | 2003-08-20 |
EP0877686A1 (de) | 1998-11-18 |
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