JP2000509441A - フィルタープレス電解槽用の双極性プレート - Google Patents
フィルタープレス電解槽用の双極性プレートInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000509441A JP2000509441A JP9539533A JP53953397A JP2000509441A JP 2000509441 A JP2000509441 A JP 2000509441A JP 9539533 A JP9539533 A JP 9539533A JP 53953397 A JP53953397 A JP 53953397A JP 2000509441 A JP2000509441 A JP 2000509441A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- bipolar plate
- graphite
- conductive
- powder
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Ta](=O)O[Ta](=O)=O PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 14
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyhexafluoropropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical group [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006370 Kynar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000016571 aggressive behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010349 cathodic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000856 hastalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- RXCVUXLCNLVYIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N orthocarbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)(O)O RXCVUXLCNLVYIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003452 thorium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
- C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
- C25B9/75—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type having bipolar electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
- C25B11/036—Bipolar electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
- C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
- Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1. フィルター−プレスタイプの双極性電解槽に使用される双極性プレートで あり、該プレートが、グラフィトまたは導電性カーボン粉末と耐蝕性熱可塑性ポ リマーの粉末との混合物から得られる導電性複合体よりなる中央部分と、新しい 電解質の分散と排出電解質および電解生成物との取り出しのための穴を含有する 2つの末端部分とを含み、前記中央部分および末端部分が一体の素子を形成する 双極性プレートにおいて、 末端部分が、中央部分の重量比未満の重量比で、前記グラフィトまたは導電性 カーボン粉末と、前記熱可塑性ポリマーの粉末との混合物から得られる複合体よ りなることを特徴とする双極性プレート。 2. 前記末端部分の電気抵抗率が中央部分の電気抵抗率よりも少なくとも10 倍高いことを特徴とする、請求の範囲第1項に記載の双極性プレート。 3. 末端部分の前記複合体が、さらなる非導電性の耐蝕性材料を含有する混合 物から得られることを特徴とする、請求の範囲第1項に記載の双極性プレート。 4. 前記さらなる非導電性材料がタンタルペントオキシド、ニオブペントオキ シド、ジルコニウムオキシド、硫酸バリウムの群から選択されることを特徴とす る、請求の範囲第3項に記載の双極性プレート。 5. 末端部分の前記複合体が、グラフィトまたは導電性カーボンを含有しない 混合物より得られることを特徴とする、請求の範囲第3項に記載の双極性プレー ト。 6. 前記熱可塑性ポリマーがフッ素化されたポリマーであることを特徴とする 、請求の範囲第1項〜第5項のいずれか1項に記載の双極性プレート。 7. 前記熱可塑性ポリマーがポリビニリデンフルオライドであることを特徴と する、請求の範囲第6項に記載の双極性プレート。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT96A000911 | 1996-05-07 | ||
IT96MI000911A IT1283628B1 (it) | 1996-05-07 | 1996-05-07 | Tipo migliorato di lastra bipolare per elettrolizzatori |
PCT/EP1997/002288 WO1997042359A1 (en) | 1996-05-07 | 1997-05-06 | Bipolar plate for filter press electrolyzers |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2000509441A true JP2000509441A (ja) | 2000-07-25 |
Family
ID=11374215
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP9539533A Pending JP2000509441A (ja) | 1996-05-07 | 1997-05-06 | フィルタープレス電解槽用の双極性プレート |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6039852A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0898622B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2000509441A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20000010688A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1061703C (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE213509T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU710692B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR9709215A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2251971C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69710576T2 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2171939T3 (ja) |
ID (1) | ID17845A (ja) |
IT (1) | IT1283628B1 (ja) |
NO (1) | NO985184L (ja) |
PL (1) | PL189242B1 (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2187578C2 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW410242B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1997042359A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19956787A1 (de) * | 1999-11-25 | 2001-05-31 | Bayer Ag | Elektrolyseplatte |
US6773841B2 (en) | 2002-04-25 | 2004-08-10 | General Motors Corporation | Fuel cell having insulated coolant manifold |
US20050242471A1 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-11-03 | Bhatt Sanjiv M | Methods for continuously producing shaped articles |
US20060228619A1 (en) * | 2005-04-12 | 2006-10-12 | General Electric Company | Electrochemical cell structure |
KR102131237B1 (ko) * | 2018-08-27 | 2020-07-07 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 알칼라인 수전해 셀 조립체 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4214969A (en) * | 1979-01-02 | 1980-07-29 | General Electric Company | Low cost bipolar current collector-separator for electrochemical cells |
US4339322A (en) * | 1980-04-21 | 1982-07-13 | General Electric Company | Carbon fiber reinforced fluorocarbon-graphite bipolar current collector-separator |
CH645674A5 (en) * | 1980-09-19 | 1984-10-15 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Bipolar plate for an electrolytic appliance constructed in the manner of a filter press, and method for manufacturing it |
US4346150A (en) * | 1981-06-01 | 1982-08-24 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Electrochemical construction |
CH656402A5 (de) * | 1983-05-06 | 1986-06-30 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Kathodischer stromkollektor. |
CH672142A5 (ja) * | 1985-07-17 | 1989-10-31 | Metkon Sa | |
US5322597A (en) * | 1992-07-30 | 1994-06-21 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Bipolar flow cell and process for electrochemical fluorination |
US5296121A (en) * | 1992-08-24 | 1994-03-22 | The Dow Chemical Company | Target electrode for preventing corrosion in electrochemical cells |
US5756874A (en) * | 1995-10-10 | 1998-05-26 | Eosystems, Inc. | Electrochemical cell for processing organic wastes |
-
1996
- 1996-05-07 IT IT96MI000911A patent/IT1283628B1/it active IP Right Grant
-
1997
- 1997-04-19 TW TW086105093A patent/TW410242B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-06 BR BR9709215A patent/BR9709215A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-06 AU AU29522/97A patent/AU710692B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-05-06 JP JP9539533A patent/JP2000509441A/ja active Pending
- 1997-05-06 CA CA002251971A patent/CA2251971C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-06 KR KR1019980708754A patent/KR20000010688A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-05-06 CN CN97194459A patent/CN1061703C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-06 ES ES97923848T patent/ES2171939T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-06 RU RU98121813/28A patent/RU2187578C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-06 DE DE69710576T patent/DE69710576T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-06 US US09/180,056 patent/US6039852A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-06 EP EP97923848A patent/EP0898622B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-06 AT AT97923848T patent/ATE213509T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-06 PL PL97329726A patent/PL189242B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-06 WO PCT/EP1997/002288 patent/WO1997042359A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-05-07 ID IDP971525A patent/ID17845A/id unknown
-
1998
- 1998-11-06 NO NO985184A patent/NO985184L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69710576D1 (de) | 2002-03-28 |
ITMI960911A1 (it) | 1997-11-07 |
WO1997042359A1 (en) | 1997-11-13 |
TW410242B (en) | 2000-11-01 |
AU2952297A (en) | 1997-11-26 |
PL189242B1 (pl) | 2005-07-29 |
CN1061703C (zh) | 2001-02-07 |
CA2251971A1 (en) | 1997-11-13 |
NO985184D0 (no) | 1998-11-06 |
ATE213509T1 (de) | 2002-03-15 |
CA2251971C (en) | 2005-07-19 |
EP0898622A1 (en) | 1999-03-03 |
CN1218519A (zh) | 1999-06-02 |
AU710692B2 (en) | 1999-09-30 |
ID17845A (id) | 1998-01-29 |
PL329726A1 (en) | 1999-04-12 |
EP0898622B1 (en) | 2002-02-20 |
US6039852A (en) | 2000-03-21 |
IT1283628B1 (it) | 1998-04-23 |
ITMI960911A0 (ja) | 1996-05-07 |
ES2171939T3 (es) | 2002-09-16 |
RU2187578C2 (ru) | 2002-08-20 |
KR20000010688A (ko) | 2000-02-25 |
DE69710576T2 (de) | 2003-03-20 |
NO985184L (no) | 1999-01-06 |
BR9709215A (pt) | 1999-08-10 |
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