JP2000509441A - フィルタープレス電解槽用の双極性プレート - Google Patents
フィルタープレス電解槽用の双極性プレートInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000509441A JP2000509441A JP9539533A JP53953397A JP2000509441A JP 2000509441 A JP2000509441 A JP 2000509441A JP 9539533 A JP9539533 A JP 9539533A JP 53953397 A JP53953397 A JP 53953397A JP 2000509441 A JP2000509441 A JP 2000509441A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- bipolar plate
- graphite
- conductive
- powder
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Ta](=O)O[Ta](=O)=O PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 14
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyhexafluoropropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical group [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006370 Kynar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000016571 aggressive behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010349 cathodic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000856 hastalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- RXCVUXLCNLVYIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N orthocarbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)(O)O RXCVUXLCNLVYIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003452 thorium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
- C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
- C25B9/75—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type having bipolar electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
- C25B11/036—Bipolar electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
- C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
- Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT96MI000911A IT1283628B1 (it) | 1996-05-07 | 1996-05-07 | Tipo migliorato di lastra bipolare per elettrolizzatori |
| IT96A000911 | 1996-05-07 | ||
| PCT/EP1997/002288 WO1997042359A1 (en) | 1996-05-07 | 1997-05-06 | Bipolar plate for filter press electrolyzers |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000509441A true JP2000509441A (ja) | 2000-07-25 |
Family
ID=11374215
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9539533A Pending JP2000509441A (ja) | 1996-05-07 | 1997-05-06 | フィルタープレス電解槽用の双極性プレート |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6039852A (es) |
| EP (1) | EP0898622B1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JP2000509441A (es) |
| KR (1) | KR20000010688A (es) |
| CN (1) | CN1061703C (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE213509T1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU710692B2 (es) |
| BR (1) | BR9709215A (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2251971C (es) |
| DE (1) | DE69710576T2 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2171939T3 (es) |
| ID (1) | ID17845A (es) |
| IT (1) | IT1283628B1 (es) |
| NO (1) | NO985184L (es) |
| PL (1) | PL189242B1 (es) |
| RU (1) | RU2187578C2 (es) |
| TW (1) | TW410242B (es) |
| WO (1) | WO1997042359A1 (es) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19956787A1 (de) * | 1999-11-25 | 2001-05-31 | Bayer Ag | Elektrolyseplatte |
| US6773841B2 (en) | 2002-04-25 | 2004-08-10 | General Motors Corporation | Fuel cell having insulated coolant manifold |
| US20050242471A1 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-11-03 | Bhatt Sanjiv M | Methods for continuously producing shaped articles |
| US20060228619A1 (en) * | 2005-04-12 | 2006-10-12 | General Electric Company | Electrochemical cell structure |
| KR102131237B1 (ko) * | 2018-08-27 | 2020-07-07 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 알칼라인 수전해 셀 조립체 |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4214969A (en) * | 1979-01-02 | 1980-07-29 | General Electric Company | Low cost bipolar current collector-separator for electrochemical cells |
| US4339322A (en) * | 1980-04-21 | 1982-07-13 | General Electric Company | Carbon fiber reinforced fluorocarbon-graphite bipolar current collector-separator |
| CH645674A5 (en) * | 1980-09-19 | 1984-10-15 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Bipolar plate for an electrolytic appliance constructed in the manner of a filter press, and method for manufacturing it |
| US4346150A (en) * | 1981-06-01 | 1982-08-24 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Electrochemical construction |
| CH656402A5 (de) * | 1983-05-06 | 1986-06-30 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Kathodischer stromkollektor. |
| CH672142A5 (es) * | 1985-07-17 | 1989-10-31 | Metkon Sa | |
| US5322597A (en) * | 1992-07-30 | 1994-06-21 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Bipolar flow cell and process for electrochemical fluorination |
| US5296121A (en) * | 1992-08-24 | 1994-03-22 | The Dow Chemical Company | Target electrode for preventing corrosion in electrochemical cells |
| US5756874A (en) * | 1995-10-10 | 1998-05-26 | Eosystems, Inc. | Electrochemical cell for processing organic wastes |
-
1996
- 1996-05-07 IT IT96MI000911A patent/IT1283628B1/it active IP Right Grant
-
1997
- 1997-04-19 TW TW086105093A patent/TW410242B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-06 EP EP97923848A patent/EP0898622B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-06 BR BR9709215A patent/BR9709215A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-06 CN CN97194459A patent/CN1061703C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-06 PL PL97329726A patent/PL189242B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-06 US US09/180,056 patent/US6039852A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-06 AT AT97923848T patent/ATE213509T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-06 KR KR1019980708754A patent/KR20000010688A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-05-06 ES ES97923848T patent/ES2171939T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-06 RU RU98121813/28A patent/RU2187578C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-06 CA CA002251971A patent/CA2251971C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-06 WO PCT/EP1997/002288 patent/WO1997042359A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-05-06 AU AU29522/97A patent/AU710692B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-05-06 DE DE69710576T patent/DE69710576T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-06 JP JP9539533A patent/JP2000509441A/ja active Pending
- 1997-05-07 ID IDP971525A patent/ID17845A/id unknown
-
1998
- 1998-11-06 NO NO985184A patent/NO985184L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL329726A1 (en) | 1999-04-12 |
| ID17845A (id) | 1998-01-29 |
| CN1061703C (zh) | 2001-02-07 |
| RU2187578C2 (ru) | 2002-08-20 |
| NO985184L (no) | 1999-01-06 |
| ITMI960911A1 (it) | 1997-11-07 |
| CA2251971A1 (en) | 1997-11-13 |
| PL189242B1 (pl) | 2005-07-29 |
| ES2171939T3 (es) | 2002-09-16 |
| KR20000010688A (ko) | 2000-02-25 |
| AU2952297A (en) | 1997-11-26 |
| ATE213509T1 (de) | 2002-03-15 |
| DE69710576T2 (de) | 2003-03-20 |
| WO1997042359A1 (en) | 1997-11-13 |
| ITMI960911A0 (es) | 1996-05-07 |
| US6039852A (en) | 2000-03-21 |
| EP0898622A1 (en) | 1999-03-03 |
| DE69710576D1 (de) | 2002-03-28 |
| IT1283628B1 (it) | 1998-04-23 |
| CA2251971C (en) | 2005-07-19 |
| TW410242B (en) | 2000-11-01 |
| NO985184D0 (no) | 1998-11-06 |
| AU710692B2 (en) | 1999-09-30 |
| EP0898622B1 (en) | 2002-02-20 |
| CN1218519A (zh) | 1999-06-02 |
| BR9709215A (pt) | 1999-08-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20040416 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20060725 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20060718 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20061019 |
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| A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20070213 |