JP2000311280A - Fire detector and its arranging method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a fire detector which minimizes the adhesion of material being the cause of strains to a light receiving window in which a detecting sensor is housed to make a cleaning work interval long while maintaining a fire monitoring function being the same as in the conventional practice and also can efficiently perform cleaning work and its arranging method about a fire detector to be installed in a tunnel. SOLUTION: In this fire detector 10 detecting a fire taking place in a tunnel, a wind protecting part 13 provided in a sensor housing part 12 is oriented on the upstream side of an air stream C caused by the traveling, etc., of vehicles passing through the tunnel, and meanwhile, an inclining part 14 and a light receiving window 15 provided in the part 12 are oriented on the downstream side of the stream C. Consequently, the window 15 is located at a hidden side that is prevented by being blown upon directly by the stream C all the time.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fire detector and a method of arranging the same, and more particularly, to an optical fire detector having a light receiving window and arranged at predetermined intervals on an inner wall of a tunnel and a method of arranging the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, tunnels for vehicles and railways,
Various facilities are installed in the tunnel to secure traffic safety. Regarding tunnel equipment for vehicles,
A brief description will be given with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG.
Inside the tunnel 20, an illumination light 23 such as a sodium lamp for securing a view inside the tunnel 20, a fire detector 24 for detecting a fire that has occurred inside the tunnel 20, and spraying water when a fire is detected, A water spray head 25 for preventing the expansion, a fire hydrant equipment 26 containing a water discharge nozzle and a hose, a jet fan 27 for ventilating the inside of the tunnel 20, and a guide indicator light 28 for allowing an evacuee to recognize an emergency passage and an exit and to guide the evacuees. First, various facilities are provided, such as an emergency telephone for reporting an emergency occurring in the tunnel 20, a radio rebroadcasting guide line for radio broadcasting, and the like. In particular, fire detector 2
4 is disposed at a predetermined interval, for example, 25 m intervals, on a wall with visibility in the tunnel for the purpose of detecting a vehicle fire or the like in the tunnel 20 and promptly notifying the tunnel manager or the driver of the vehicle. ing.

Next, an example of a conventional fire detector installed in a tunnel will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 13 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fire detector generally used conventionally. The configuration of such a fire detector is described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-175986. As shown in FIG.
A dome-shaped light-receiving glass 101 containing light-receiving elements (detection sensors) 102a and 102b for detecting radiation emitted from a flame is disposed at the center of a housing (case), and dirt on the light-receiving glass 101 is disposed around the dome-shaped light-receiving glass 101. Dome-shaped glove 103 containing a check lamp for detecting
Is arranged. The dome-shaped light-receiving glass 101 in which the light-receiving elements 102a and 102b are housed protrudes from the inner wall surface 21 of the tunnel, and is provided with each of the light-receiving elements 102a and 102b.
102b individually monitors the area AL on the left side of the drawing and the area AR on the right side of the drawing, with the center line perpendicular to the inner wall surface 21 of the tunnel being substantially a boundary.

[0004] An arrangement of such a fire detector in a tunnel will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG.
It is the schematic which shows the arrangement form in the tunnel 20 of the fire detector 100, and the setting state of a monitoring area (detection area). As shown in FIG. 14, the fire detectors 100a, 100a
, 0b, 100c, 100d,.
And, as described above, each fire detector 100
In a, 100b, 100c, 100d,..., predetermined monitoring areas Ax, Ay, Az are set on both left and right sides in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel with reference to the respective installation center lines. Here, each monitoring area Ax, Ay, Az is set so as to include at least the position of the fire detector arranged adjacently,
Each monitoring area Ax, Ay, Az is set to be monitored by two fire detectors in a mutually complementary manner.

More specifically, each of the fire detectors 100a, 10a
Are arranged at an interval of, for example, 25 m on the inner wall surface 21 of the tunnel on one side, the monitoring area of the fire detector 100b is set to Ax and Ay, and the monitoring area of the fire detector 100c is When Ay and Az are set, the fire detectors 100b and 100c are set so that the monitoring area Ay is to be monitored (complementarily) as a monitoring target. According to such an arrangement of the fire detector, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of a blind spot (shade) in the monitoring area of the fire detector due to a vehicle (obstacle) stopped due to a vehicle failure or the like in the tunnel. Therefore, good fire monitoring can be performed.

Incidentally, when the fire detector is installed on the inner wall surface of the tunnel, as described above, the light receiving glass 101 of the fire detector 100 has a configuration projecting from the inner wall surface 21 of the tunnel into the tunnel. As shown in 15,
The vehicle is constantly exposed to the airflow C generated in the tunnel due to running of the vehicle, ventilation of the jet fan, and the like. Various substances that cause dirt (dirt substances) such as smoke, dust, earth and sand, and chemical substances such as anti-freezing agents are suspended in the tunnel. And directly collides with the upstream side of the dome-shaped light receiving glass 101 and adheres as dirt D. Although dirt adheres to the portion other than the upstream side of the light receiving glass 101, the degree of dirt is a fraction of that of the upstream side where the air current directly collides.
It is about. Such contamination of the light receiving glass reduces the amount of light received by the light receiving elements 102a and 102b housed therein, thereby lowering the detection sensitivity. Therefore, in order to maintain the performance of the fire detector for a long period of time, There was a problem that cleaning work had to be performed frequently.

To solve such a problem, FIG.
As shown in the figure, around the dome-shaped light receiving glass 101, a check lamp (globe 103) for detecting the dirt condition of the light receiving glass 101 is arranged, and the detection sensitivity is lowered by periodically detecting the dirt condition. Is known by using signal processing to reduce the frequency of cleaning work. The method of avoiding dirt by the dirt compensation process is described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-3252.
No. 74, JP-A-5-314376 and the like. As another method, FIG.
As shown in (a) and (b), the airflow C that is blown directly to the light-receiving glass 101 is raised by the airflow deflecting means such as the plate-shaped member 111 and the air guide tube 112 provided on the upstream side of the light-receiving glass 101. C → C ′) or combined airflow (C1 + C2 → C)
There is known a dirt avoidance structure that controls the deflection by causing 3) and suppresses the collision and adhesion of the dirt-causing substance flying with the airflow C to the light receiving glass 101. The structure for avoiding contamination by airflow deflection is described in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-62.
No. 118, JP-A-9-265591 and the like.

[0008]

As described above, there are known various techniques for maintaining and managing a fire detector in a good state at all times to avoid a state such as failure or malfunction. However, the above-described conventional technology has the following problems. (1) In a fire detector that adopts dirt compensation processing,
The purpose of the present invention is to compensate for the decrease in detection sensitivity due to the decrease in the amount of light received by the light receiving element by signal processing, and
Since it does not suppress the adhesion of dirt to the light receiving glass itself, the frequency of the cleaning operation cannot be significantly reduced. In addition, to perform dirt compensation, it is necessary to periodically irradiate test light from the check lamp to the light receiving element to determine the dirt condition of the light receiving glass, but dirt also adheres to the glove containing the check lamp. In addition, there are problems that signal processing for dirt compensation is complicated and that the dirt state cannot be accurately detected.

(2) In a fire detector adopting a structure for avoiding contamination by airflow deflection, the speed of the airflow generated in the tunnel is as low as 2 m to 10 m / s at most, and the mass of the substance causing the contamination is reduced. Due to the relatively large size, the dirt-causing substance does not sufficiently follow the deflection of the airflow (such as an upward airflow), directly collides with the light receiving glass and adheres as dirt, and a new projection is generated by providing the airflow deflection means. Therefore, the unevenness of the surface of the fire detector becomes more complicated, causing an increase in the adhesion of substances causing contamination and a decrease in efficiency during cleaning work. There was room for

[0010] Therefore, even in the above-mentioned conventional fire detector, an operation of mechanically or manually cleaning dirt adhering to the housing of the fire detector (particularly, the light receiving glass) is performed at regular intervals. Needed. Here, in the case of a vehicle tunnel, cleaning work is generally performed while driving at a low speed, or performing extensive lane regulation, etc., in order to increase work efficiency and ensure worker safety, and stop the work vehicle and perform cleaning work. Therefore, there is a problem that traffic congestion due to lane regulation or the like occurs. Further, there is a problem that even when the work is performed using a time zone such as nighttime to avoid traffic congestion, human and time burdens are large. Therefore, development of a fire detector that can reduce the frequency of cleaning work as much as possible (make the work interval as long as possible) and can easily perform cleaning work is desired.

In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a new structure for a fire detector installed in a tunnel, and accommodates a detection sensor while maintaining a fire monitoring function equivalent to the conventional one. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fire detector and a method of arranging the fire detector, which can minimize the adhesion of a substance causing a stain to a light receiving window, increase a cleaning operation interval, and efficiently perform a cleaning operation.

[0012]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fire detector in which a detection sensor for detecting a fire occurring in a tunnel is provided in a light receiving window. Wherein the light receiving window is disposed obliquely only on the downstream side of the airflow generated in the tunnel, and a detection area is set at least in the downstream direction of the airflow by the detection sensor. The fire detector according to the second aspect of the present invention is the fire detector according to the first aspect, wherein the fire detector configures the fire detector on an upstream side of the airflow from the light receiving window. A windshield is formed integrally with the housing and prevents direct blowing of the airflow onto the light receiving window.

The fire detector according to a third aspect of the present invention is the fire detector according to the second aspect, wherein the windshield is provided inside the tunnel from an upstream side to a downstream side of the airflow. It is characterized by having an inclined surface in which the amount of protrusion in the direction continuously increases. Further, the fire detector according to the invention according to claim 4 is the fire detector according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the fire detector has a windproof portion, and an oblique portion provided with the light receiving window, It is characterized by being formed by a continuous curved surface. Claim 5
The fire detector according to the described invention is the fire detector according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the fire detector is provided on the upstream side of the airflow with respect to the light receiving window, and a housing constituting the fire detector. A flange-shaped part integrally formed and extending from the windproof part and protruding downstream of the airflow is provided.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the fire detector according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, the fire detector is arranged along a longitudinal direction of the tunnel. A plurality of fire detectors are installed at predetermined intervals on the inner wall surface of the tunnel, and the detection area of the n-th (n is a positive integer) from the upstream side of the airflow generated in the tunnel is at least the (n + 2) th fire detector. Is set to include the installation position. Also,
A fire detector according to a seventh aspect of the present invention is the fire detector according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, wherein the fire detector includes a plurality of the detection sensors, and is set by the plurality of the detection sensors. The detection areas are set in different areas.

The fire detector according to the invention of claim 8 is the fire detector according to claim 7, wherein the fire detector is provided at a predetermined distance from the inner wall surface of the tunnel along a longitudinal direction of the tunnel. The detection area of the plurality of detection sensors provided in the nth (n is a positive integer) fire detector from the upstream side of the airflow generated in the tunnel is at least n + 2th. A first detection area including a position where the fire detector is installed;
Is set in the second detection area on the upstream side of the detection area.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the method for arranging a fire detector in which a detection sensor for detecting a fire occurring in a tunnel is provided in a light receiving window, The detector is such that the light receiving window is inclined only toward the downstream side of the airflow generated in the tunnel, and the detection area set by the detection sensor is set at least in the downstream direction of the airflow, A plurality is provided on the inner wall surface of the tunnel at predetermined intervals along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. In the method for arranging a fire detector according to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the method for arranging a fire detector according to the ninth aspect, an nth (n is a positive integer) from the upstream side of the airflow generated in the tunnel )) The detection area of the fire detector is at least n +
It is characterized in that it is arranged so as to include the position where the second fire detector is installed. Claim 11
The method for arranging a fire detector according to the invention described in the above aspect is the method for arranging a fire detector according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the fire detector corresponds to a direction of an airflow generated in the tunnel. Are arranged at the predetermined interval only on one of the side wall surfaces.

[0017]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. (First Embodiment) FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a first embodiment of a fire detector according to the present invention. FIG. 1 (a),
As shown in (b), the fire detector 10 is roughly divided into a housing (detector main body) 11, a sensor storage unit 12, a windproof unit 13, an oblique unit 14, a light receiving window 15, Sensor 16
And is configured. A circuit board or the like (not shown) is housed in the housing 11, and a signal processing circuit for processing a signal detected by the detection sensor 16 is mounted.

The sensor housing 12 is formed so that a part of the housing 11 protrudes from the inner wall surface 21 of the tunnel, and has therein a pyroelectric element for detecting infrared energy as described in the prior art. And the like are stored. In addition, a part of the sensor storage unit 12 forms the windproof unit 13 and the oblique portion 14. The windbreak unit 13 is located on the upstream side of the airflow C generated in the tunnel, of the sensor storage unit 12 protruding from the inner wall surface 21 of the tunnel, and is a surface that suppresses the airflow C blown to the sensor storage unit 12. , Are shown as inclined surfaces in the figure. Details will be described later. The inclined portion 14 is located on the downstream side of the airflow C generated in the tunnel in the sensor storage portion 12 protruding from the tunnel inner wall surface 21, and has a predetermined position with respect to the downstream direction of the tunnel inner wall surface 21. It is configured with an angle.

The light receiving window 15 is formed of a transparent plate for preventing the detection sensor 16 housed in the sensor housing 12 from being stained or damaged, and is formed in a front oblique portion of the detection sensor 16 housed in the sensor housing 12. 14. Light receiving window 1
Reference numeral 5 is made of infrared transmitting glass, for example, sapphire glass. Here, the light receiving window 15 is connected to the oblique portion 1.
4 is provided with a predetermined inclination angle (obliquely) with respect to the downstream direction of the airflow C generated in the tunnel, and has a predetermined inclination depending on the positional relationship with the detection sensor 16 housed inside. A detection area A having a spread is set. Details will be described later. That is, the fire detector 10 according to the present invention
Is a windbreak unit 1 provided in the sensor storage unit 12 on the upstream side of an airflow C generated by traveling of a vehicle passing through a tunnel or the like.
On the other hand, the oblique portion 14 and the light receiving window 15 provided in the sensor housing 12 are oriented downstream of the airflow C. Therefore, the light receiving window 15 is located on the shadow side where the airflow C does not always blow directly.

Next, the shape of the windbreak section 13 formed on the upstream side of the sensor housing section will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 is a schematic shape diagram showing a cross-sectional shape of the windproof part. Here, it is assumed that airflow is generated from the left to the right in the drawing in any of the configurations. The shape of the windbreak part 13a shown in FIG. 2 (a) is similar to that shown in FIG. 1, and the height of the airflow protruding inward in the tunnel from the upstream side to the downstream side is continuous at a constant ratio. It has an inclined plane that becomes larger in size.

Further, in the shape of the windproof portion 13b shown in FIG. 2B, the height of the airflow protruding in the inward direction of the tunnel continuously increases from the upstream side to the downstream side of the airflow. It has an inclined curved surface that is concave with respect to the direction. In the shape of the windbreak part 13c shown in FIG. 2C, the height of the airflow protruding from the upstream side to the downstream side of the airflow in the tunnel inward increases continuously. It has a convex inclined curved surface. Further, the shape of the windproof portion 13d shown in FIG. 2D has an upright plane or an upright curved surface that is substantially perpendicular to the airflow.

Next, the operation of the above-described windbreak will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing the relationship between the windbreak and the airflow generated in the tunnel. In FIG. 3, only the change in the airflow in the windbreak sections 13a and 13d having the sectional shapes shown in FIGS. 2A and 2D will be described. As shown in FIG. 3A, when the windshield 13a has an inclined plane, the airflow C changes its flow along the shape of the inclined plane. Therefore, the light receiving window 15 (or the oblique portion 14) provided on the shadow side with respect to the airflow C from the upstream.
Is located in the blind spot of the airflow C, and the airflow C always avoids and does not blow directly.

Further, as shown in FIG.
When the airflow C has an upright flat surface or an upright curved surface as 3d, the airflow C is blocked by the upright surfaces. Therefore, the light receiving window 15 (or the oblique portion 14) provided on the shadow side with respect to the airflow C from the upstream is located at the blind spot of the airflow C, and the airflow C is not always interrupted and directly blown. Therefore, in any of the windbreak sections 13a to 13d having any of the above-described shapes, the airflow C does not directly blow to the light receiving window 15, so that the dirt-causing substance flying on the airflow C may directly collide. As a result, adhesion of dirt to the light receiving window 14 can be significantly reduced.

Next, other shapes of the windproof portion and the oblique portion formed in the sensor storage portion will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view showing another shape applied to the sensor housing. The sensor storage unit 12 shown in FIG.
Is formed such that an inclined plane (or an inclined curved surface) constituting the windproof portion 13 and a surface forming the inclined portion 14 are integrally formed by a continuous curved surface P. According to the sensor housing portion 12 having such a shape, as described above, the direct collision of the airflow C with the light receiving window 15 can be avoided, the adhesion of dirt can be suppressed, and the surface of the fire detector can be prevented. Since the uneven shape of the surface can be made smooth, it is possible to satisfactorily remove the dirt-causing substance adhering to the sensor housing portion 12 at the time of the cleaning operation of the fire detector, and to easily perform the cleaning operation. Can be.

The sensor housing 12 shown in FIG.
Is formed such that a flange 17 extending along the inclined plane (or the inclined curved surface) is integrally formed between the inclined plane (or the inclined curved surface) of the windbreak section 13 and the surface forming the inclined section 14. Is formed. According to the sensor housing portion 12 having such a shape, as described above, the direct collision of the airflow C with the light receiving window 15 can be avoided, and at the time of passage of a large vehicle, the airflow C extends substantially vertically to the tunnel wall surface. Since the generated high-pressure airflow can be prevented from being directly blown onto the light receiving window 15, the adhesion of dirt to the light receiving window 15 can be further reduced. In the sensor housing 12 shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b), the shape of the windproof portion 13 has been described as being an inclined plane or an inclined curved surface, but the upright as shown in FIG. 2 (d). It goes without saying that the present invention can be applied to a flat surface or an upright curved surface.

Next, a method for arranging the fire detectors and setting a detection area will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between a fire detector arranged in a tunnel and its detection area. As shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of fire detectors 10a, 10b, 10c, 1
Are arranged on one of the side wall surfaces (tunnel inner wall surface 21a) in the tunnel at a predetermined separation distance L (for example, at intervals of 25 m), and each of the fire detectors 10a, 10b,.
The detection areas Aa, Ab, Ac,... Of 10c, 10d,.
However, each of the fire detectors 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d,...
Is set on the downstream side of the airflow C from the installation position. That is, the windproof portion of the sensor storage unit is set to be oriented upstream of the airflow C, and the oblique portion of the sensor storage unit is set to be oriented downstream. Here, 21b is an inner wall surface facing one side wall surface in the tunnel. In FIG. 5, the detection area set for each fire detector is shown as a fan-shaped area for convenience of explanation. However, the detection area outside (in the drawing) outside the inner wall surface 21b of the tunnel is referred to as a tunnel. , And is not a real monitoring target, and is indicated by a broken line for convenience.

Here, each fire detector 10a, 10b, 1
, Detection areas Aa, Ab set in 0c, 10d,.
Ac,... Are each set to include the positions of two fire detectors installed on the downstream side. That is, the detection area Aa set for the nth (n is a positive integer) fire detector from the upstream, for example, the fire detector 10a monitors an area including the position where the (n + 2) th fire detector 10c is installed. It is targeted. Specifically, when the distance L between the fire detectors is 25 m, each of the fire detectors 10a, 10a
b, 10c, 10d,..., the detection area Aa,
Ab, Ac,... Are set to have a fan-shaped region with a radius of more than 50 m.

According to the setting of such a detection area, as shown in FIG. 5, a non-detection area (for example, an area that cannot be covered by the detection area Ab set by the fire detector 10b (the (n + 1) th fire detector)). , The front area near the fire detector 10b) can be monitored by the detection area Aa set by the fire detector 10a (the nth fire detector), and the detection area Ab set by the fire detector 10b. (For example, the area between the fire detectors 10b and 10c) can be complementarily monitored by the detection area Aa, so that the entire area in the tunnel can be monitored with high reliability.

(Second Embodiment) Next, a second embodiment of the fire detector according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a second embodiment of the fire detector according to the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing a relationship between a windbreak section and an airflow generated in a tunnel. here,
The same components as those in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be simplified.

As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the fire detector 10 according to the present embodiment comprises a housing 11, a sensor storage unit 12, a windbreak unit 13, and oblique units 14a and 14b. Light-receiving windows 15a, 15b, detection sensors 16a, 16b,
Is configured. The sensor housing 12 is provided in the housing 11 of the fire detector 10 similarly to the first embodiment described above.
Are formed to protrude, and a plurality (two in the figure) of detection sensors 16a and 16b are housed and arranged inside in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. Further, the outer shape of the sensor storage unit 12 is such that a windbreak unit 13 is provided on the upstream side of the airflow C generated in the tunnel, and oblique portions 14a and 14b are provided on the downstream side.

Here, as shown in FIG. 2, the shape of the windbreak section 13 is such that the airflow C does not blow directly onto the light receiving windows 15a and 15b provided in the inclined sections 14a and 14b. Any shape may be used as long as it has an inclined plane or an inclined curved surface that changes the flow of air, or an upright plane or an upright curved surface that blocks the airflow C. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the windproof part 13 and the inclined parts 14a and 14b are integrally formed by a continuous curved surface, or the windproof part 13 and the inclined part 1 are formed integrally.
The flange may be extended between the flanges 4a and 14b. Two detection sensors 1 are provided on the inclined portions 14a and 14b.
In front of each of 6a, 16b, a separate light receiving window 15a, 1
5b, and different detection areas A and B are set as described later, depending on the positional relationship with the detection sensors 16a and 16b and the like. Here, the oblique portions 14a, 14
b and the light receiving windows 15a and 15b are each configured to have a predetermined inclination with respect to the downstream side of the airflow C generated in the tunnel.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, the windshield 13 is oriented upstream of the airflow C generated in the tunnel due to the running of the vehicle and the like, and the oblique portions 14a, 14b are located downstream of the airflow.
In addition, since the light receiving windows 15a and 15b are oriented, the light receiving windows 15a and 15b are located on the shadow side where the airflow C does not always directly blow on the airflow C. for that reason,
In the light receiving windows 15a and 15b (oblique portions 14a and 14b),
Direct collision of the dirt-causing substance flying on the airflow C is suppressed, and adhesion of dirt is greatly reduced. In FIG. 6, two (plural) detection sensors 16a and 16b are stored and arranged in the sensor storage section 12 in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and individual light receiving windows 15a are provided in front of the detection sensors 16a and 16b. , 15b are provided, but a single light receiving window 15 may be provided for the detection sensors 16a, 16b as shown in FIG. In this case, the number of components constituting the light receiving window 15 can be reduced, and the housing 11 of the fire detector 10 can have a simple configuration.

Next, a method for arranging fire detectors and setting a detection area according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between a fire detector arranged in a tunnel and its detection area. As shown in FIG. 9, a plurality of fire detectors 10a, 10b, 1
Are arranged at a predetermined separation distance L (for example, at intervals of 25 m) on one tunnel inner wall surface 21a,
The two detection sensors housed in each of the fire detectors 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d,... Provide a first detection area A in a region including the tunnel inner wall surface 21a in the downstream direction of the airflow C.
a, Ab, Ac,... and the first detection areas Aa, A
b, Ac,... each of the fire detectors 10a, 1
0b, 10c, 10d,..., Second detection areas Ba, Bb, Bc,. In addition, 21
b is an inner wall surface facing the one tunnel inner wall surface 21a. Also, in FIG. 9, similarly to the case of FIG. 5, the detection area set for each fire detector is shown as a fan-shaped area for convenience of explanation, but is located outside the tunnel inner wall surface 21 b (upward in the drawing). The detection area () corresponds to the inside of the wall of the tunnel and is not an actual monitoring target, and is indicated by a broken line for convenience.

Here, the first detection areas Aa, Ab, A
are set at relatively long distances including the positions of two fire detectors installed on the downstream side, respectively. For example, the nth (n is a positive integer) fire detector 10 from the upstream
The first detection area Aa set to a is the fire detector 1
The area including the position where 0c (the (n + 2) th fire detector) is installed is set as the monitoring target. Specifically, when the distance L between the fire detectors is 25 m,
The first detection areas Aa, Ab, Ac,... Have a radius of 50 m.
It is set to monitor super fan-shaped areas. Also, the second detection areas Ba, Bb, Bc,... Are set on the upstream side of the first detection areas Aa, Ab, Ac,. ing.
For example, the second detection area Ba set to the n-th (n is a positive integer) fire detector 10a from the upstream is at least upstream of the first detection area Aa, and the fire detector 10a is generally installed. The region up to the vicinity of the center line is set to be monitored.

According to the setting of such a detection area, as shown in FIG. 9, a partial area (for example, a part of the first detection area Ab set by the fire detector 10b (the (n + 1) th fire detector)) A short-range area between the fire detectors 10b and 10c) can be monitored complementarily by the detection area Aa set by the fire detector 10a (the n-th fire detector), and the first area. Detection area A
b, an undetectable area (for example, an area in the width direction of the tunnel with respect to the fire detector 10b) that cannot be covered by the second
Monitoring area Bb and the first detection area Aa set by the fire detector 10a (the n-th fire detector) can be monitored in a mutually complementary manner, so that the monitoring caused by the vehicle stopped in the tunnel is performed. The blind spot of the area can be reduced, and the entire area of the tunnel can be monitored more reliably. Further, occurrence of an undetectable area near the tunnel entrance can be eliminated.

The detection distance in the detection area is determined by setting the detection sensitivity. That is, when monitoring a relatively long distance like the first detection areas Aa, Ab, Ac,..., The second detection areas Ba, Bb, Bc,. The detection sensitivity is set higher than that of In order to increase the detection sensitivity, for example, the amplification factor of the output signal of the detection sensor is increased, or the threshold value for fire determination is reduced.

Next, another example of the shape of the sensor housing will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating another example of the sensor storage unit, and FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a detection area setting method. The shape of the sensor housing 12 shown in FIG.
5a and 15b are arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel and along the extending direction of the inner wall surface 21 of the tunnel, unlike the above-described shape (FIG. 6) arranged in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the oblique portion 1 provided obliquely downstream of the airflow C.
4, individual light receiving windows 15a and 15b are provided in front of a plurality of detection sensors (two in the figure) 16a and 16b stored in the sensor storage unit 12, respectively. And
Two detection sensors 16 stored in the sensor storage unit 12
In FIGS. 11A and 11B, as shown in FIG. 11, the inclination angles of the attachments in the sensor storage unit 12 are adjusted so that different detection areas A and B are set. In the fire detector having such a configuration, the same operation and effect as those of the above-described embodiment (FIG. 6) can be obtained.

In the shape of the sensor housing shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, a plurality of detection sensors 16a and 16b are housed in the fire detector 10, and each of the detection sensors 16a and 16b The configuration in which the individual light receiving windows 15a and 15b are provided has been described. However, as shown in FIG.
It may have only a single light receiving window 15. In each of the above-described embodiments, as an example of the arrangement of the fire detectors, an example in which the fire detectors are arranged at predetermined intervals on one inner wall surface in the tunnel is shown. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. May be arranged evenly on opposite side walls in a tunnel, or may be arranged on a ceiling wall in a tunnel. With such a method of arranging the fire detectors, the undetectable area in the tunnel can be further reduced.

[0039]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the light receiving window containing the detection sensor is provided obliquely in the downstream direction in which the detection sensor is housed, with respect to the upstream side of the airflow blown by the dirt-causing substance. Since the detection area is set in the downstream direction of the airflow, the contamination-causing substance does not directly collide with the light receiving window, and the fire in the downstream detection area can be monitored well. Therefore, a decrease in the detection sensitivity due to the contamination of the light receiving window can be significantly suppressed, and the interval between the cleaning operations can be drastically increased.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the windshield is formed integrally with the housing of the fire detector upstream of the light receiving window, the airflow blows directly to the light receiving window by the windshield. It is possible to prevent direct contamination of the substance causing contamination with the light receiving window, and to greatly reduce the adhesion of the substance. According to the third or fourth aspect of the present invention, since the windproof portion is formed by an inclined surface or a continuous curved surface, it is possible to make the protruding shape from the inner wall surface of the tunnel gentle, and to perform cleaning work. Can be efficiently and cleanly removed.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the flange portion is formed on the upstream side of the light receiving window so as to extend from the windproof portion integrally with the housing of the fire detector. The part can further suppress the direct blow of the air current to the light receiving window, prevent the direct collision of the dirt-causing substance on the light receiving window, and further suppress the adhesion of the dirt. According to the invention as set forth in claim 6, the detection area set by the detection sensor is set in an area including the position of the fire detectors installed on the downstream side by two, so that it is installed on the downstream side. In the detection area set in the fire detector, the undetectable area that is not covered can be covered by the detection area set in the fire detector located on the upstream side, and one detection area on the downstream side is detected by the fire on the upstream side. It can be monitored to complement with a detector.

According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, since different detection areas are set by the plurality of detection sensors, an undetectable area which is not covered by the detection area set by one detection sensor is replaced by another detection area. It can be covered by the detection area set in the detection sensor, and the fire monitoring function can be further enhanced. According to the invention described in claim 8, a detection sensor that monitors the first detection area including the position where the two downstream fire detectors are installed,
A detection sensor for monitoring a second detection area located on the upstream side of the first detection area, and the detection area is not covered by the detection area set by one detection sensor by sharing the monitoring area. Areas can be covered by detection areas set in other detection sensors, and appropriate detection sensors can be used according to the extent and distance of the detection area. Can be.

According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, the light receiving window containing the detection sensor is inclined obliquely in the downstream direction with respect to the upstream side of the airflow blown by the dirt-causing substance and in the downstream direction of the airflow. Since the fire detector is arranged so that the detection area is set, it is possible to prevent the direct blow of airflow to the light receiving window, and to prevent the contamination-causing substance from directly colliding with the light receiving window, and to prevent Fire monitoring can be performed satisfactorily in the detection area set in the whole area. Claim 10
According to the described invention, since the detection area set by the detection sensor is set to an area including up to the position of the two fire detectors installed on the downstream side, the fire detector installed on the downstream side In the detection area set to, the undetectable area that is not covered can be covered by the detection area set for the fire detector located on the upstream side,
By monitoring so that the downstream detection area is complemented by one upstream fire detector, it is possible to satisfactorily monitor the fire in the entire tunnel. According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, since the fire detector can be arranged only on one side wall surface in the tunnel in accordance with the direction of the airflow generated in the tunnel, the light receiving window of the fire detector is always provided. By obliquely moving to the downstream side, it is possible to perform efficient fire monitoring with a small number of fire detectors while suppressing adhesion of the dirt-causing substance, and to perform cleaning work efficiently.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a first embodiment of a fire detector according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic shape diagram showing a cross-sectional shape of a windbreak applied to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a relationship between a windbreak unit and an airflow generated in a tunnel according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another shape of the sensor housing portion applied to the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a relationship between a fire detector arranged in a tunnel and a detection area thereof in the first embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a second embodiment of the fire detector according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a relationship between a windbreak unit and an airflow generated in a tunnel according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating another example of a sensor storage unit applied to the second embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a relationship between a fire detector arranged in a tunnel and its detection area in the second embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating still another example of a sensor storage unit applied to the second embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a method of setting a detection area in another example of the sensor storage unit.

FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram showing tunnel equipment for a vehicle.

FIG. 13 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fire detector according to the related art.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing an arrangement of a fire detector in a tunnel and a setting state of a monitoring area (detection area) in the related art.

FIG. 15 is a conceptual diagram showing a relationship between a fire detector and an airflow generated in a tunnel in the related art.

FIG. 16 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a dirt avoidance structure using airflow deflecting means in a conventional technique.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10, 10a to 10d Fire detector 11 Housing 12 Sensor storage section 13, 13a to 13d Windproof section 14 Inclined section 15, 15a, 15b Light receiving window 16, 16a, 16b Detection sensor 17 Flange section 20 Tunnel 21, 21a, 21b Tunnel inner wall

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Masahiko Nemoto 2-10-43 Kami-Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo Inside Ho Chiki Co., Ltd. (72) Toshiyuki Ozawa 2- 10-43, Kami-Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo F-term in Ho Chiki Co., Ltd. (reference) 2G059 AA05 BB01 CC19 DD02 KK10 LL04 NN01 PP03 5C085 CA30 FA12 FA16 FA35 5G405 AA01 CA60 FA11 FA25

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A fire detector provided with a detection sensor for detecting a fire occurring in a tunnel in a light receiving window, wherein the light receiving window of the fire detector is inclined only downstream of an airflow generated in the tunnel. A fire detector, wherein the detection area is set in a direction at least downstream of the airflow by the detection sensor. 2. The fire detector is formed integrally with a housing constituting the fire detector on an upstream side of the airflow from the light-receiving window, and directs the airflow to the light-receiving window. 2. The fire detector according to claim 1, further comprising a windbreak for preventing spraying. 3. The windbreak section has an inclined surface in which the amount of protrusion in the inside of the tunnel continuously increases from the upstream side to the downstream side of the airflow. The fire detector according to claim 2. 4. The fire detector, wherein: the windbreak unit;
The fire detector according to claim 2, wherein the oblique portion provided with the light receiving window is formed by a continuous curved surface. 5. The fire detector is formed integrally with a housing constituting the fire detector on an upstream side of the airflow from the light receiving window, and extends from the windbreak section in a downstream direction of the airflow. The fire detector according to claim 2 or 3, wherein a flange-shaped portion is provided to protrude. 6. A plurality of the fire detectors are provided at predetermined intervals on an inner wall surface of the tunnel along a longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and an n-th (n) from an upstream side of an airflow generated in the tunnel.
The detection area of the fire detector (where is a positive integer) is set to include at least a position where the (n + 2) th fire detector is installed. The fire detector described. 7. The fire detector according to claim 1, wherein the fire detector includes a plurality of the detection sensors, and detection areas set by the plurality of detection sensors are set in different areas. Fire detector according to any of the above. 8. A plurality of the fire detectors are provided at predetermined intervals on an inner wall surface of the tunnel along a longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and an n-th (n) from an upstream side of an airflow generated in the tunnel.
Is a positive integer), the detection areas of the plurality of detection sensors provided in the fire detector are at least a first detection area including a position where the (n + 2) th fire detector is installed, and the first detection area. 8. The fire detector according to claim 7, wherein the second detection area is set upstream of the first detection area. 9. A method of arranging a fire detector in which a detection sensor for detecting a fire generated in a tunnel is provided in a light receiving window, wherein the fire detector includes a light receiving window downstream of an airflow generated in the tunnel. At a predetermined interval along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel so that the detection area set by the detection sensor is set at least in the downstream direction of the airflow. A method for arranging fire detectors, characterized in that a plurality of fire detectors are installed. 10. The detection area of the nth (n is a positive integer) fire detector from the upstream side of an airflow generated in the tunnel includes a position where at least the (n + 2) th fire detector is installed. The method for arranging fire detectors according to claim 9, wherein the fire detectors are arranged as follows. 11. The fire detector according to claim 1, wherein the fire detectors are arranged at the predetermined intervals only on one side wall surface side in the tunnel, corresponding to a direction of an air current generated in the tunnel. 11. The method for arranging a fire detector according to 9 or 10.