JP2001167368A - Fire detector and method for setting detection area of fire detector - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fire detector and a detection area setting method for the fire detector which extend a cleaning operation period and enable efficient cleaning operation by proposing a new structure for a fire detector installed in a tunnel and suppressing the sticking of staining causing substances on a light-transmissive window wherein a detection sensor is stored while maintaining a fire monitoring function similar to a conventional one. SOLUTION: The entire detection area set by the fire detector 10A is so set as to have a relative narrow extent on the upstream side of an air flow C and a relatively wide extent on the downstream side on the basis of an installation center line Lc perpendicular to the internal wall surface 21 of the tunnel according to the relative positional relation, etc., among an upstream-side detection sensor 18 and a downstream-side detection sensor 19, and an upstream-side light-transmissive window 16 and a downstream-side light-transmissive window 17 respctively corresponding to them.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fire detector and a method for setting a detection area of the fire detector, and more particularly to an optical fire detector which is disposed at a predetermined interval on an inner wall of a tunnel and has a translucent window. And a method for setting a detection area of a fire detector.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, tunnels for vehicles and railways,
Various facilities are installed in the tunnel to secure traffic safety. Regarding tunnel equipment for vehicles,
A brief description will be given with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG.
Inside the tunnel 20, an illumination light 23 such as a sodium lamp for securing a view inside the tunnel 20, a fire detector 24 for detecting a fire that has occurred inside the tunnel 20, and spraying water when a fire is detected, A water spray head 25 for preventing the expansion, a fire hydrant equipment 26 containing a water discharge nozzle and a hose, a jet fan 27 for ventilating the inside of the tunnel 20, and a guide indicator light 28 for allowing an evacuee to recognize an emergency passage and an exit and to guide the evacuees. First, various facilities are provided, such as an emergency telephone for reporting an emergency occurring in the tunnel 20, a radio rebroadcasting guide line for radio broadcasting, and the like.

In particular, a fire detector 24 detects a vehicle fire or the like in the tunnel 20 and informs a tunnel manager or a driver of the vehicle as soon as possible on a wall with a clear line of sight in the tunnel. , For example, at intervals of 25 m. Next, an example of a conventional fire detector installed in a tunnel will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 16 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fire detector generally used conventionally. The configuration of such a fire detector is described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-175986.

[0004] As shown in FIG.
A dome-shaped translucent light-receiving glass 101 containing light-receiving elements (detection sensors) 102a and 102b for detecting radiated light emitted from a flame is disposed in the center of a housing (case), and light is received in the periphery thereof. A dome-shaped globe 103 in which a check lamp that emits test light for detecting a dirt state or the like of the glass 101 is arranged is arranged. The dome-shaped light-receiving glass 101 in which the light-receiving elements 102a and 102b are housed protrudes from the inner wall surface 21 of the tunnel and is installed.
Each of the light receiving elements 102a and 102b individually monitors an area AL on the left side of the drawing and an area AR on the right side of the drawing, with the center line perpendicular to the tunnel inner wall surface 21 being substantially a boundary.

An arrangement of such a fire detector in a tunnel will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG.
It is the schematic which shows the arrangement form in the tunnel 20 of the fire detector 100, and the setting state of a monitoring area (detection area). As shown in FIG. 17, the fire detectors 100a, 100a
, 0b, 100c, 100d,... Are located on one side of the inner wall surface 21 of the tunnel 20 at a fixed distance (interval) L.
And, as described above, each fire detector 100
In a, 100b, 100c, 100d,..., predetermined monitoring areas Ax, Ay, Az are set on both left and right sides in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel with reference to the respective installation center lines. Here, each monitoring area Ax, Ay, Az is set so as to include at least an arrangement position of the fire detector arranged adjacently, and each of the monitoring areas Ax, Ay, Az is adjacent to each other.
It is set to be monitored complementarily by the individual fire detectors.

Specifically, each of the fire detectors 100a, 10a
Are arranged at an interval of, for example, 25 m on the inner wall surface 21 of the tunnel on one side, the monitoring area of the fire detector 100b is set to Ax and Ay, and the monitoring area of the fire detector 100c is When Ay and Az are set, the fire detectors 100b and 100c are set so that the monitoring area Ay is to be monitored (complementarily) as a monitoring target. According to such an arrangement of the fire detector, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of a blind spot (shade) in the monitoring area of the fire detector due to a vehicle (obstacle) stopped due to a vehicle failure or the like in the tunnel. Therefore, good fire monitoring can be performed.

Incidentally, when the fire detector is installed on the inner wall surface of the tunnel, as described above, the light receiving glass 101 of the fire detector 100 has a configuration projecting from the inner wall surface 21 of the tunnel into the tunnel. As shown in 18,
The vehicle is constantly exposed to the airflow C generated in the tunnel due to running of the vehicle, ventilation of the jet fan, and the like. It should be noted that the flow predominantly flowing in one direction in the longitudinal direction in the tunnel 2
It is well known that there is an airflow C of about m to 10 m / s.

[0008] Here, in the tunnel, various substances causing dirt (dirt causing substances) such as smoke, dust, earth and sand, chemical substances such as anti-freezing agent and the like discharged from the vehicle are floating. These substances fly in the airflow and collide directly with the airflow upstream side of the dome-shaped light receiving glass 101 and adhere as dirt D. In addition, although dirt adheres to the light-receiving glass 101 other than on the upstream side of the airflow, the degree of dirt is about a fraction of that on the upstream side where the airflow directly collides.
Such contamination of the light receiving glass reduces the amount of light received by the light receiving elements 102a and 102b housed therein, thereby lowering the detection sensitivity. Therefore, in order to maintain the performance of the fire detector for a long period of time, There was a problem that cleaning work had to be performed frequently.

To solve such a problem, FIG.
As shown in the figure, around the dome-shaped light receiving glass 101, a check lamp (globe 103) that emits test light for detecting the dirt state of the light receiving glass 101 is arranged to detect the dirt state periodically. Thus, there is known a method called a dirt compensation process for reducing the frequency of cleaning work by compensating for a decrease in detection sensitivity by electrical processing or the like. The method of avoiding the influence of dirt by the dirt compensation processing is described in detail in, for example, JP-A-6-325274 and JP-A-5-314376.

[0010] As another technique, FIG.
As shown in (b), the airflow C that flows predominantly in the tunnel and is blown directly onto the light-receiving glass 101 is applied to the airflow of the plate-like member 111 and the air guide tube 112 provided on the upstream side of the airflow C of the light-receiving glass 101. By the deflecting means, the updraft (C → C)
)) And a combined air flow (C1 + C2 → C3) to control the deflection and to prevent a contamination-causing substance flying along with the airflow C from colliding with and adhering to the light receiving glass 101. The structure for avoiding contamination by airflow deflection is described in detail in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-62118, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-265591, and the like.

[0011]

As described above, there are known various techniques for maintaining the fire detector in a good condition at all times and avoiding the occurrence of failures and malfunctions. However, the above-described conventional technology has the following problems. (1) In a fire detector that adopts dirt compensation processing,
The purpose is to compensate for the decrease in detection sensitivity caused by the decrease in the amount of light received by the light receiving element by electrical processing, etc., but not to prevent the contamination of the light receiving glass itself. Was not able to be reduced significantly.

(2) In a fire detector employing a structure for avoiding contamination by airflow deflection, the airflow C generated in the tunnel
The speed is as low as 2 m to 10 m / s at most, and the mass of the dirt-causing substance is relatively large, so that the dirt-causing substance may not sufficiently follow the deflection of the airflow (such as upward airflow). Was not enough. In addition, the provision of the airflow deflecting means causes a new projection to be generated, and the unevenness of the surface of the fire detector becomes more complicated. The technology was not yet sufficient and there was room for improvement.

Therefore, even in the above-mentioned conventional fire detector, it is necessary to carry out a work for cleaning dirt attached to the light receiving glass of the fire detector mechanically or manually at regular intervals. Here, in the case of a tunnel for a vehicle, traffic congestion occurs because, in some cases, lane regulation is performed in order to increase work efficiency and ensure worker safety, and the work vehicle is stopped to perform cleaning work. There is a problem that. Further, there is a problem that even when the work is performed using a time zone such as nighttime to avoid traffic congestion, human and time burdens are large. Therefore, development of a fire detector that can reduce the frequency of cleaning work as much as possible (make the work interval as long as possible) and can easily perform cleaning work is desired.

The inventor of the present invention has conducted various experiments on such a problem of contamination of the fire detector. As a result, the light receiving glass (or a light-transmitting window having the same function as the light receiving glass) containing the light receiving element has been obtained. In order to minimize the adhesion of substances causing contamination to the surface, the effective surface of the translucent window provided on the front surface of the light receiving element should be formed and arranged so as to be as flat as possible with respect to the inner wall surface of the tunnel. Was found to be preferable. This is because, when the light-receiving glass protrudes greatly from the wall surface as in the conventional case, the airflow C containing the dirt-causing substance generated in the tunnel directly collides with the airflow upstream side of the light-receiving glass, and the dirt adheres significantly. However, when the light receiving glass is formed and arranged so as to be a flat surface parallel to the wall surface, the direct collision of the airflow is greatly suppressed.

However, when the effective surface of the translucent window is formed and arranged on a flat surface parallel to the inner wall surface of the tunnel, the monitoring area by the light receiving element is set to be large (far) in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. Can not do
It becomes difficult to cover a monitoring area of, for example, 25 m in the longitudinal direction up to a range including the position of the fire detector arranged adjacently. If the effective surface of the translucent window is formed and arranged on a flat surface parallel to the inner wall of the tunnel, and in order to cover the monitoring area well, the method of shortening the installation interval of the fire detector, Alternatively, it is necessary to adopt a method of arranging fire detectors in a staggered manner on the inner wall surfaces on opposite sides of the tunnel, and any of the methods significantly increases the number of fire detectors compared to conventional fire detectors. As a result, there is a problem that the cost of the equipment in the tunnel is significantly increased.

In view of such a problem, the present invention proposes a new structure for a fire detector installed in a tunnel, and accommodates a detection sensor while maintaining a fire monitoring function equivalent to the conventional one. A fire detector and a fire detector that can minimize the adhesion of the substance causing dirt to the translucent window, increase the interval between cleaning work of the fire detector, and perform the cleaning work efficiently. An object is to provide an area setting method.

[0017]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fire detector including a plurality of detection sensors for converting light energy into an electric signal, and the plurality of detection sensors independently operate three-dimensionally. In a fire detector that detects a fire by setting a detection area, the plurality of detection sensors have the asymmetric detection areas set in the left-right direction with respect to the installation position of the fire detector. It is characterized by. A fire detector according to a second aspect of the present invention is the fire detector according to the first aspect, wherein the plurality of detection sensors correspond to the first and second directions, respectively.
And a second detection sensor is provided, and the respective detection sensors are arranged asymmetrically in the left-right direction.

The fire detector according to the third aspect of the present invention is
The fire detector according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the detection areas set by the plurality of detection sensors are set asymmetrically in the left and right directions with respect to the installation position of the fire detector, and in the up and down direction. It is characterized by being set symmetrically. In addition, the fire detector according to the invention according to claim 4 includes a plurality of detection sensors that convert light energy into an electric signal, and sets the independent three-dimensional detection areas by the plurality of detection sensors. In a fire detector that detects a fire occurring in a tunnel, the plurality of detection sensors are provided with first and second detection sensors corresponding to upstream and downstream directions of an airflow that flows dominantly in the tunnel. And a first detection area set in a downstream direction by the first detection sensor is made larger than a second detection area set in an upstream direction by the second detection sensor. I have.

A fire detector according to a fifth aspect of the present invention comprises:
5. The fire detector according to claim 4, wherein the fire detector includes a light-transmitting window provided on a front surface of each of the first and second detection sensors, and a body cover provided with the light-transmitting window. 6. And wherein, in a state where the fire detector is installed on the inner wall surface of the tunnel and facing the inside of the tunnel, the effective surface of the light-transmitting window provided on the front surface of the second detection sensor is the tunnel. It is characterized by being arranged substantially parallel to the inner wall surface. The fire detector according to a sixth aspect of the present invention is the fire detector according to the fifth aspect, wherein the main body cover is located upstream of the airflow of a translucent window provided on a front surface of the second detection sensor. And a first inclined portion obliquely directed to the upstream side of the airflow is provided adjacent to or adjacent to the airflow.

The fire detector according to the invention of claim 7 is:
7. The fire detector according to claim 5, wherein the main body cover is located on a downstream side of the airflow of a translucent window provided on a front surface of the second detection sensor, and is located on a downstream side of the airflow. 8. A second inclined portion which is inclined and has a light-transmitting window provided on the front surface of the first detection sensor is provided. The fire detector according to an eighth aspect of the present invention is the fire detector according to any one of the fifth to seventh aspects, wherein the second detection sensor is disposed obliquely upstream of the airflow. It is characterized by having. A fire detector according to a ninth aspect of the present invention is the fire detector according to the sixth aspect, wherein the first inclined portion includes:
The main body cover is a chamfered surface.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the fire detector according to the fifth aspect, the main body cover includes a light-transmitting window provided on a front surface of the first detection sensor, A third inclined portion that is inclined toward the upstream side of the airflow is provided between a light-transmitting window provided on a front surface of the second detection sensor. The fire detector according to claim 11 is the fire detector according to any one of claims 5 to 10, wherein the main body cover is
It is characterized by being constituted by an integral translucent member including the translucent window.

According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, in the fire detector according to the fourth aspect, the fire detector is provided on a front surface of each of the first and second detection sensors. A light-transmitting window, and a main body cover provided with the light-transmitting window, wherein the light-transmitting window provided on the front surface of the first detection sensor is inclined toward the downstream side of the airflow. Further, a light-transmitting window provided on the front surface of the second detection sensor is disposed on the main body cover so as to be inclined toward the upstream side of the airflow, and further, the front surface of the second detection sensor is further provided. A windshield is provided on the upstream side of the airflow of the light-transmitting window provided in the light-transmitting window to prevent the airflow from being directly blown onto the light-transmitting window. A fire detector according to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention is the fire detector according to the twelfth aspect, wherein the windproof part is provided with a fourth inclined part obliquely upstream of the airflow. And

According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, in the fire detector according to any one of the twelfth and thirteenth aspects, the windproof portion is arranged such that the fire detector is installed on an inner wall surface of the tunnel. The maximum protruding position of the transmissive window provided on the front surface of the second detection sensor is substantially equal to or greater than the maximum protruding position of the perimeter of the effective surface of the light-transmitting window provided in front of the second detection sensor in the tunnel inner direction. It is characterized by being constituted so that it becomes. A fire detector according to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention is the fire detector according to any of the twelfth to fourteenth aspects, wherein the windproof portion is integrally formed with the main body cover. . A fire detector according to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention is the fire detector according to any one of the twelfth to fourteenth aspects,
The windproof part is configured separately from the main body cover, and is configured to be detachable from the main body cover.

According to a method for setting a detection area of a fire detector according to a seventeenth aspect, a plurality of detection sensors for converting light energy into an electric signal are provided, and the plurality of detection sensors provide independent three-dimensional images. In the detection area setting method of a fire detector for setting a detection area and detecting a fire occurring in a tunnel, a first detection sensor provided corresponding to a downstream direction of an airflow dominantly flowing in the tunnel. The first detection area to be set is set to be larger than the second detection area set by a second detection sensor provided corresponding to the upstream direction of the airflow.

According to a method for setting a detection area of a fire detector according to claim 18, in the method for setting a detection area of a fire detector according to claim 17, the fire detector is arranged along a longitudinal direction of the tunnel. A plurality of fire detectors are installed at predetermined intervals, and the distance detection limit of the first detection area in the nth (n is a positive integer) fire detector from the upstream side of the airflow is the n + 1th fire detector. N from the installation position
The distance is set up to the position where the + 2nd fire detector is installed, and the far detection limit of the second detection area in the nth fire detector is equal to the (n-1) th fire detector installation position. From the position to the installation position of the n-th fire detector, and all the detection areas in the n-th fire detector in which the first detection area and the second detection area are added are , And is set to correspond to a region twice as long as the predetermined interval.

[0026]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. <First Embodiment> FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view showing a first embodiment of a fire detector according to the present invention. FIG. 1 (a),
As shown in (b), the fire detector 10A is roughly divided into
A housing (detector main body) 11, a sensor storage unit (main body cover) 12A, and an upstream inclined portion (first inclined portion) 13a.
, A downstream oblique portion (second inclined portion) 14, a flat portion 15 a, an upstream translucent window 16, and a downstream translucent window 17.
And an upstream detection sensor (second detection sensor) 18 and a downstream detection sensor (first detection sensor) 19.

A circuit board and the like (not shown) are housed in the housing 11, and an amplification circuit for amplifying signals detected by the upstream detection sensor 18 and the downstream detection sensor 19, a signal processing circuit for judging a fire, and the like. Is installed. The sensor accommodating portion 12A is provided on the upper portion of the housing 11 such that the upstream oblique portion 13a, the downstream oblique portion 14 and the flat portion 1 protrude from the tunnel inner wall surface 21 in the tunnel inner direction (upward in the drawing).
5a, and an upstream side detection sensor 1 including a pyroelectric element and the like for detecting infrared energy therein.
8 and the downstream side detection sensor 19 are housed. Also,
The sensor housing (main body cover) 12A has a structure that can be attached to and detached from the housing (detector main body) 11 even if it is turned upside down. In addition, when the fire detector 10A is an embedded type,
21 is the position of the inner wall surface of the tunnel, but when directly installed on the wall surface, 21b is the inner wall surface of the tunnel.

The upstream oblique portion 13a and the downstream oblique portion 14
Are located on one side (left side in the drawing) and the other side (right side in the drawing) in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, respectively, among the sensor housing portions 12A installed to protrude from the inner wall surface 21 of the tunnel. It is formed obliquely with a predetermined inclination angle with respect to the other side. The flat portion 15a formed between the upstream oblique portion 13a and the downstream oblique portion 14 is formed substantially parallel to the tunnel inner wall surface 21. Here, one side in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel means the upstream side of the airflow C which flows predominantly in the tunnel, and the other side means the downstream side of the airflow C. It is assumed that the air flows toward the right side with the left side of FIG.

The upstream translucent window 16 and the downstream translucent window 1
Reference numeral 7 denotes a flat transparent plate that protects and protects the upstream detection sensor 18 and the downstream detection sensor 19 stored in the sensor storage unit 12A from dirt, damage, and the like. The flat portion 15a is provided on the upstream side of the airflow C, and on the front surface of the downstream side detection sensor 19, on the downstream side of the airflow C from the center of the downstream inclined portion 14. The upstream translucent window 16 and the downstream translucent window 17
Is made of infrared transmitting glass, for example, sapphire glass. Here, the upstream-side translucent window 16 and the downstream-side translucent window 17 and the upstream-side detection sensor 1 housed therein are used.
A detection area (three-dimensional detection area) having a predetermined spread is set based on the positional relationship between the detection area 8 and the downstream detection sensor 19 and the like. Details will be described later.

Next, a method of setting a detection area in the above-described fire detector will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a detection area set in the fire detector according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2A, in the fire detector 10A, the upstream detection sensor 18 and the downstream detection sensor 19 are stored in the sensor storage portion 12A, and the upstream detection sensor 18 is substantially disposed on the inner wall surface of the tunnel. With respect to the upstream translucent window 16 provided on the flat portion 15a formed in parallel, by being installed at a predetermined positional relationship and at a predetermined installation inclination angle, one side in the tunnel longitudinal direction, and , A detection area A (second detection area) having a predetermined spread in the inside direction of the tunnel is set.

The downstream detection sensor 19 is connected to the downstream oblique portion 1 on the other side (downstream of the airflow C) in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.
4 is disposed at a predetermined positional relationship and at a predetermined installation inclination angle with respect to the downstream side translucent window 17 provided at the other side of the tunnel in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel and the inside of the tunnel. A detection area B (first detection area) having a spread is set. Although the detection areas A and B are shown in a plan view in the drawing, the detection areas actually extend in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface, and the detection areas having a three-dimensional expansion are set. Have been.

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 2B, the upstream side detection sensor 18 is formed and arranged substantially parallel to the tunnel inner wall surface 21, that is, the airflow C. The light receiving surface of the upstream side detection sensor 18 and the effective surface of the upstream side translucent window 16 are fixed to the window 16 in a predetermined positional relationship and at a predetermined installation inclination angle, for example, substantially parallel. The boundary of the detectable area (effective detection area) in one side in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel and in the direction inside the tunnel (in the direction of the installation center line Lc of the fire detector 10A) is defined based on the positional relationship with the end of the tunnel.

The upstream detection sensor 18 is provided with a detection area A which includes a region relatively near the detector installation position on one side in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel and a region in the direction inside the tunnel. Here, the region relatively near the detector installation position on one side in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel means that the detector is installed adjacent to the detector from the position where the detector is installed, and on the upstream side of the airflow C. It refers to an area that includes an appropriate range up to the position where another fire detector is located. On the other hand, the downstream side detection sensor 19 is configured to have a predetermined angle of inclination with respect to the other side in the tunnel longitudinal direction, that is, the downstream side of the airflow C, and to the downstream side translucent window 17, A predetermined positional relationship and a predetermined installation inclination angle, for example, by being attached and fixed substantially in parallel, the downstream side detection sensor 19
The boundary of the detectable area (effective detection area) in the other direction in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel is defined on the basis of the positional relationship between the light receiving surface and the end of the effective surface of the downstream light-transmitting window 17.

The downstream detection sensor 19 has a detection area B including a relatively distant area on the other side in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. Here, the relatively distant region on the other side in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel refers to a region from the position where the detector is installed to another region which is installed adjacent to the detector and located downstream of the airflow C. It refers to an area that includes the installation position of the fire detector and further includes an appropriate range up to the installation position of the fire detector that is disposed adjacent to the fire detector. That is, when the fire detector 10A is installed on the inner wall surface 21 of the tunnel, all the detection areas set by the fire detector 10A are on the upstream side of the airflow C with respect to the installation center line Lc perpendicular to the inner wall surface 21 of the tunnel. The airflow C is set to have a relatively narrow spread, and the airflow C has a relatively wide spread downstream. Here, the vertical direction of the detection areas A and B is set to be symmetric. The relationship between the method of setting the detection area and the method of arranging the fire detector will be described later.

As described above, the relative positional relationship between the upstream side detection sensor 18 and the downstream side detection sensor 19 and the corresponding upstream side translucent window 16 and downstream side translucent window 17, and installation. The directions and angles of the detection areas A and B are set by the inclination angles. Further, the distant detection limit distance of the detection area is set in consideration of the detection sensitivity. Note that the effective directivity (directivity angle) of the upstream detection sensor 18 and the downstream detection sensor 19 themselves may be wider than the angle that can be seen from the upstream light-transmitting window 16 and the downstream light-transmitting window 17. is necessary. For example, the directivity (directivity angle) is about 110 °.

In the description of the detection area shown in FIG. 2B, the downstream boundary of the detection area A corresponding to the upstream detection sensor 18 is set to the installation center line Lc for easy understanding. In addition, the boundary on the upstream side of the detection area B corresponding to the downstream side detection sensor 19 is set as the installation center line Lc, but actually, as is clear from FIG.
Both detection areas are installed so as to overlap the installation center line Lc. Thereby, a blind spot near the installation center line Lc can be eliminated.

Next, a method for arranging fire detectors and setting a detection area according to this embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between a fire detector arranged in a tunnel and its detection area. FIG.
As shown in the figure, a plurality of fire detectors 10a, 10b, 10
are arranged at a predetermined separation distance L (for example, at 25 m intervals) on one of the inner wall surfaces 21a of the tunnel, and the two detections housed in each of the fire detectors 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d,. By the sensor, each fire detector 10a,
The installation center lines Lca, Lcb, 10b, 10c, 10d,.
, Lcc, Lcd,..., Detection areas Aa, Ab, Ac,... Are set in areas including an arbitrary range up to the installation position of each fire detector installed adjacent to the upstream side of the airflow C. And each of the fire detectors 10a, 10b, 10c,
With respect to the installation center lines Lca, Lcb, Lcc, Lcd,... Of 10d,..., Each includes the installation position of each fire detector installed adjacent to the downstream side of the airflow C, and further adjacent to the downstream side. Detection areas Ba, Bb, Bc,... Are set in an area including an arbitrary range up to the installation position of each installed fire detector.

That is, assuming that the fire detector 10b is the n-th fire detector, the detection area Ab is the fire detector 10b.
(n-1) adjacent to the upstream side of the airflow C from the installation position of b
It is set to an appropriate range up to the installation position of the fire detector 10a. Specifically, the distance L between the fire detectors
Is 25 m, each fire detector 10a, 10b, 1
0c,..., The detection area A set on the upstream side
are set such that, for example, a range up to 12.5 m upstream corresponding to half of the separation distance L can be detected well. The detection area Bb is
It includes the installation position of the (n + 1) th fire detector 10c located downstream of the airflow C, and is set to an appropriate range up to the (n + 2) th fire detector 10d. Specifically, when the distance L between the fire detectors is 25 m, the detection areas Ba, Bb, Bc,... Set on the downstream side of each of the fire detectors 10a, 10b, 10c,. For example, it is set so that a range up to 37.5 m downstream corresponding to 1.5 times the separation distance L can be detected well.

Therefore, the entire detection area of one fire detector set by the detection areas A and B is equivalent to twice (50 m) the distance L (25 m) between the fire detectors. Here, the distant detection limit distance in each detection area is determined by the setting of the detection sensitivity or the like. As an example, a detection area Aa for monitoring an area near a fire detector,
In the case of Ab, Ac,..., The detection sensitivity is set relatively low, and the detection areas Ba, Bb, Bc,
In the case of..., The detection sensitivity may be set relatively high. Methods for increasing the detection sensitivity include, for example, increasing the amplification factor of an amplifier that amplifies the output signal of the detection sensor, and decreasing the threshold value for fire determination. Actually, the detection sensitivity of the fire detector is also affected by a difference in the incident angle of light on the detection surface of the detection sensor, and the like, and it is necessary to comprehensively consider these.

According to such a detection area setting method, as shown in FIG. 3, the areas of the detection areas Ab and Bb set by the fire detector 10b (the n-th fire detector) are changed to the fire detectors. 10a (n-1st fire detector)
Detection area Ba set by fire and fire detector 1
The detection areas Ac and Bc set by 0c (the (n + 1) th fire detector) enable overlapping and complementary monitoring as in the related art, so that the blind spot of the detection area caused by a vehicle stopped in a tunnel or the like is provided. And make
Fire monitoring of the entire tunnel can be performed with high reliability. If such a detection area is set, the effective surface of the translucent window is formed and arranged on a flat surface parallel to the inner wall surface of the tunnel, so that the monitoring area by the light receiving element is increased in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. Even if there is a problem that it is not possible to set (to far away), as before, while supplementing the monitoring area of the adjacent fire detector,
For example, installation at 25 m intervals becomes possible, and good fire monitoring can be performed without increasing the number of detectors arranged. That is, the setting detection areas of the light receiving elements corresponding to the light-transmitting windows formed and arranged on the flat surface may be the detection areas Aa, Ab, Ac,... Near the fire detector.

Next, the relationship between the shapes of the upstream oblique portion 13a and the downstream oblique portion 14 of the sensor accommodating portion 12A and the state of adhesion of the dirt-causing substance will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the shape of the sensor housing 12A and the airflow. Here, it is assumed that the airflow C that flows predominantly in the tunnel flows rightward with the left side of the drawing being upstream. As shown in FIG.
“a” has an inclined plane in which the height protruding toward the inside of the tunnel from the upstream side to the downstream side of the airflow C continuously increases at a constant ratio. As a result, the airflow C collides with the upstream oblique portion 13a, and the flow of the airflow C changes along the shape of the upstream oblique portion 13a, and is adjacent to the downstream side of the upstream oblique portion 13a. A flow that draws an arc upward is formed on the formed flat portion 15a.

More specifically, the airflow C flowing along the inner wall surface 21 of the tunnel is first directly blown to the oblique portion 13a on the upstream side of the fire detector 10A, and then is pushed to the flat portion 15a while pushing up the upper airflow. Reach. On the other hand, the downstream oblique portion 14 causes the airflow C due to the protrusion of the upstream oblique portion 13a.
Is located on the shadow (blind spot) side, and direct blowing of the airflow C is always avoided.

Therefore, the dirt-causing substance flying on the airflow C directly collides with the upstream inclined portion 13a, and adheres, and the airflow with the reduced dirt-causing material is reduced to the upstream inclined portion 13a.
Since the air flows in an arc on the flat portion 15a along the slope of the line a, the flow goes to the upstream side translucent window 16 arranged near the upstream of the airflow C of the flat portion 15a (near the upstream inclined portion 13a). Direct blowing of the airflow C is suppressed, and adhesion of dirt can be greatly reduced. Also, in the downstream translucent window 17 provided in the downstream inclined portion 14,
Since it becomes a blind spot of the airflow C, direct spraying of the airflow C is suppressed, and adhesion of dirt can be significantly reduced. Therefore, the cycle of the cleaning operation in the tunnel can be significantly extended, and the sensor storage portion in which the detection sensor is stored can be formed by a surface substantially parallel to the inner wall surface of the tunnel or a surface having a small inclination angle. The unevenness of the surface of the fire detector can be made relatively smooth so that the contamination-causing substance can be easily and satisfactorily removed during the cleaning operation.

<Second Embodiment> Next, a second embodiment of the fire detector according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a second embodiment of the fire detector according to the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a detection area set in the fire detector according to the present embodiment. Here, the same components as those in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be simplified. FIG.
As shown in (a) and (b), the fire detector 10B according to the present embodiment has an upstream side in a sensor storage portion 12B provided in the upper part of the housing 11 similarly to the first embodiment described above. It has an oblique portion 13a, a downstream oblique portion 14, and a flat portion 15a, in which an upstream detection sensor 18 and a downstream detection sensor 19 are housed. An upstream light-transmitting window 16 and a downstream light-transmitting window 17 are provided on the flat portion 15a on the front surface of the upstream detection sensor 18 and the downstream inclined portion 14 on the front surface of the downstream detection sensor 19, respectively. Is provided.

Here, the upstream-side detection sensor 18 receives the light from the upstream-side translucent window 16 provided in the flat portion 15a formed substantially parallel to the inner wall surface (or the airflow C) of the tunnel. As shown in FIG. 6, the airflow is higher than that of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, by the surface being fixed at a predetermined positional relationship and inclined at a predetermined installation inclination angle so as to face the upstream direction. A detection area A is set to monitor the area upstream of C. According to the fire detector 10B having such a configuration, the upstream side translucent window 16
By appropriately setting the mounting position and the mounting angle of the upstream-side detection sensor 18 stored in the above, the spreading direction of the detection area is operated based on the relative positional relationship with the upstream-side translucent window 16. be able to.

Further, the light receiving sensitivity of the detection sensor becomes higher as the incident angle of light on the light receiving surface becomes smaller. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, a fire detector is installed in the upstream detection area A, especially. Near the inner wall of the tunnel
The detection sensitivity limit in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel) can be made relatively high, and the range of compensation for the decrease in light receiving sensitivity due to contamination of the upstream light-transmitting window can be increased. That is, since the compensation margin can be increased, the cleaning cycle of the translucent window can be further lengthened.

<Third Embodiment> Next, a third embodiment of the fire detector according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a third embodiment of the fire detector according to the present invention. Here, the same components as those in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be simplified. As shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B,
The fire detector 10 </ b> C according to the present embodiment includes a sensor storage unit 12 </ b> C provided at an upper part of the housing 11 and an upstream oblique portion 13.
a, a downstream inclined portion 14, a flat portion 15a, and an intermediate inclined portion (third inclined portion) 15b, in which an upstream detection sensor 18 and a downstream detection sensor 19 are housed. . An upstream light-transmitting window 16 and a downstream light-transmitting window 17 are provided on the flat portion 15a on the front surface of the upstream detection sensor 18 and the downstream inclined portion 14 on the front surface of the downstream detection sensor 19, respectively. Is provided.

The upstream oblique portion 13a is located on the inner wall surface 2 of the tunnel.
1 of the sensor storage sections 12C protruding from
It is located at one end in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel (left end in the drawing) and is inclined to one side in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, for example,
It is formed by a 45 ° chamfered surface or a rounded surface having a predetermined radius. Similarly to the above-described embodiment, the downstream inclined portion 14 is inclined at a predetermined inclination angle with respect to the other side (right side in the drawing) of the sensor storage portion 12C in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. Formed and the sensor housing 12
A downstream translucent window 17 is arranged on the front surface of the downstream detection sensor 19 housed in C. The flat portion 15a is adjacent to the upstream oblique portion 13a and has a tunnel inner wall surface 21.
An upstream translucent window 16 is disposed in front of an upstream detection sensor 18 formed substantially parallel to (or the airflow C) and housed in the sensor housing 12C. The intermediate inclined portion 15b is located in a region between the flat portion 15a and the downstream inclined portion 14, and is formed obliquely at a predetermined inclination angle with respect to one side in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. I have.

Next, the relationship between the shape of the sensor accommodating portion 12C and the state of adhesion of the substance causing dirt will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the shape of the sensor storage section of the fire detector according to the present embodiment and the airflow. Here, it is assumed that the airflow C that flows predominantly in the tunnel flows rightward with the left side of the drawing being upstream. As shown in FIG. 8, the upstream oblique portion 13a is located at the most upstream end of the sensor storage portion 12C with respect to the airflow C, and is formed by a chamfered surface or a round surface. The flow collides with the oblique portion 13a and bounces inward in the tunnel to change the flow, and flows upward in an arc on the flat portion 15a formed adjacent to the downstream side of the upstream oblique portion 13a. Is formed.

The intermediate inclined portion 15b has an inclined plane in which the height protruding toward the inside of the tunnel from the upstream side to the downstream side of the airflow C continuously increases at a constant ratio. The airflow C that has passed through the flat portion 15a collides with the intermediate inclined portion 15b, and the flow of the airflow C changes along the shape of the intermediate inclined portion 15b to push up the upper airflow, and the downstream inclined portion 14 Reach the side. On the other hand, the downstream oblique portion 14 is located on the negative (blind spot) side with respect to the airflow C due to the projection of the intermediate inclined portion 15b, and direct blowing of the airflow C is always avoided. Therefore, the dirt-causing substance flying on the airflow C directly collides with the upstream inclined portion 13a and the intermediate inclined portion 15b,
The airflow that has adhered and reduced the dirt causing substance is
5a flows so as to draw an arc on the upstream side translucent window 16 and the downstream side translucent window 17 provided in the downstream oblique portion 14.
In this case, the airflow C also becomes a blind spot, so that the direct blowing of the airflow C to the upstream light-transmitting window 16 and the downstream light-transmitting window 17 is suppressed, and the adhesion of dirt can be greatly reduced. Thus, the period of the cleaning operation in the tunnel can be significantly extended.

<Fourth Embodiment> Next, a fourth embodiment of the fire detector according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the fire detector according to the present invention. Here, the same components as those in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be simplified. As shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B,
In the fire detector 10D according to the present embodiment, in the third embodiment described above, the entire sensor housing 12D provided at the upper part of the housing 11 is integrally formed of a light-transmitting member (for example, glass). An upstream inclined portion 13a, a downstream inclined portion 14, a flat portion 15a, and an intermediate inclined portion 15b are formed in the sensor storage portion 12D, and an upstream detection sensor is provided therein. 18 and a downstream detection sensor 19 are housed. In this case, the effective surface of the flat portion 15 a on the front surface of the upstream detection sensor 18 (the surface set by the directional angle of the upstream detection sensor 18) and the downstream inclined portion 14 on the front surface of the downstream detection sensor 19. The glass members forming the effective surface (the surface set by the directional angle of the downstream detection sensor 19) are each formed of the above-described upstream translucent window 1
6 and the downstream side translucent window 17.

The fire detector 10D having such a configuration
According to the embodiment, the entire area of the sensor housing portion 12D can be handled as a translucent window.
The structure for attaching and fixing the translucent window to the sensor housing can be omitted, and the number of parts can be reduced.
Note that, in the present embodiment, the case where the configuration of the sensor housing 12C shown in the third embodiment is formed integrally with a glass member has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. It goes without saying that the present invention can be applied to the first embodiment and a sensor housing having another shape.

<Fifth Embodiment> Next, a fifth embodiment of the fire detector according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the fire detector according to the present invention. Here, the same components as those in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be simplified. As shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, a fire detector 10E according to the present embodiment has a sensor sensor 12E provided at an upper portion of the housing 11 as in the fourth embodiment described above. The sensor housing portion 12E includes an upstream inclined portion 13a, a downstream inclined portion 14, a flat portion 15a, and an intermediate inclined portion 15b. An upstream detection sensor 18 and a downstream detection sensor 19 are housed therein.

Here, the upstream side detection sensor 18 has a light receiving surface having a predetermined inclination angle with respect to the flat portion 15a formed substantially parallel to the inner wall surface (or the airflow C) of the tunnel. By being attached and fixed so as to be inclined in the direction, the spreading direction of the detection area A set on the upstream side of the airflow C is directed more upstream. According to the fire detector 10E having such a configuration, the second
The same effects as those of the fourth embodiment and the fourth embodiment can be obtained.

<Sixth Embodiment> FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a sixth embodiment of a fire detector according to the present invention. Here, the same components as those in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be simplified. FIG.
As shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and (b), the fire detector 10F
The housing 11, the sensor storage section 12 </ b> F, the upstream inclined section 13 b, and the downstream inclined section (second inclined section) 14 are roughly classified.
, An upstream light-transmitting window 16, a downstream light-transmitting window 17, an upstream detection sensor (a second detection sensor) 18, a downstream detection sensor (a first detection sensor) 19, and a windbreak section. 31a
And a windproof slope (fourth slope) 32.

The sensor storage section 12F is located above the housing 11
From the tunnel inner wall surface 21 to the inside of the tunnel (upward in the figure)
An upstream oblique portion 13b and a downstream oblique portion 14 are formed so as to protrude therefrom, and an upstream detection sensor 18 and a downstream detection sensor 19 are housed therein.
Further, on the upstream side of the airflow C in the upstream oblique portion 13b, the windbreak section 3 is protruded inward of the tunnel (upward in the figure).
1a is formed. The upstream oblique portion 13b and the downstream oblique portion 14 are one side (left side in the drawing) and the other side (right side in the drawing) in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, respectively, of the sensor housing portions 12F installed to protrude from the inner wall surface 21 of the tunnel. ), And is formed obliquely at a predetermined inclination angle with respect to one side and the other side in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.

The upstream translucent window 16 and the downstream translucent window 1
Reference numeral 7 denotes a flat transparent plate that protects and protects the upstream detection sensor 18 and the downstream detection sensor 19 stored in the sensor storage unit 12F from dirt, damage, and the like. The upstream inclined portion 13b, and
It is provided substantially at the center of the downstream inclined portion 14 on the front surface of the downstream detection sensor 19. Here, based on the positional relationship between the upstream-side light-transmitting window 16 and the downstream-side light-transmitting window 17 and the upstream-side detection sensor 18 and the downstream-side detection sensor 19 housed therein, the predetermined width is provided. The detection area is set. Details will be described later.

The windbreak section 31a is located on the upstream side of the airflow C of the upstream inclined section 13b and the upstream light-transmitting window 16, and the airflow C
Is the upstream translucent window 16 provided in the upstream inclined portion 13b.
Is formed so that the amount of protrusion of the airflow C from the upstream side to the downstream side in the direction of the tunnel continuously increases continuously from the upstream side to the downstream side. In particular, the maximum protruding position H of the windproof part 31a in the tunnel inner direction is equal to or greater than the maximum protruding position of the upstream translucent window 16 in the tunnel inner direction at the periphery of the effective surface. Have been.

Next, a method of setting a detection area in the fire detector described above will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a detection area set in the fire detector according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 12, in the fire detector 10F, the upstream detection sensor 18 and the downstream detection sensor 19 are stored in the sensor storage portion 12F,
The upstream translucent window 16 in which the upstream detection sensor 18 is stored
The windproof part 31 is set so as to be equal to or more than the maximum protruding position in the inner direction of the tunnel at the periphery of the effective surface of
Since the maximum projecting position H of a is set, the extension of the detection area A to one side in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel (particularly, the direction of the inner wall surface of the tunnel) is restricted according to the maximum projecting position H of the windproof part 31a. You. Thereby, the spread of the detection area A set on one side in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel is set smaller than the detection area B set on the other side in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.

That is, when the fire detector 10F is installed on the inner wall surface 21 of the tunnel, the entire detection area set by the fire detector 10F is perpendicular to the inner wall surface 21 of the tunnel as shown in FIG. The air flow C has a relatively narrow spread upstream of the air flow C with respect to the installation center line Lc.
Is set so as to have a relatively wide spread downstream of.

Next, the relationship between the shape of the sensor accommodating portion 12F and the state of attachment of the substance causing contamination will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the shape of the sensor storage section of the fire detector according to the present embodiment and the airflow. Here, it is assumed that the airflow C that flows predominantly in the tunnel flows rightward with the left side of the drawing being upstream.
As shown in FIG. 13, the windproof part 31a is located at the most upstream end of the sensor storage part 12F with respect to the airflow C,
2 is formed so that the height protruding inward in the tunnel from the upstream side to the downstream side of the airflow C continuously increases at a constant ratio, so that the airflow C At the same time as the collision occurs, the flow of the airflow C changes along the shape of the windproof inclined portion 32 to push up the upper airflow and reach the vicinity of the upstream inclined portion 13b.

At this time, the maximum protruding position H of the windproof portion 31a in the direction inside the tunnel is equal to the maximum protruding position of the peripheral edge of the effective surface of the upstream translucent window 16 provided in the upstream oblique portion 13b, or , The airflow C sprayed over the windproof portion 31a collides with the upstream oblique portion 13b above the upstream light-transmitting window 16 and further increases the airflow C. The flow changes and the downstream oblique portion 14
Reach the side. On the other hand, the downstream oblique portion 14 is located on the negative (blind spot) side with respect to the airflow C due to the protrusion of the upstream oblique portion 13b, and direct blowing of the airflow C is always avoided. Therefore, the dirt-causing substance flying on the airflow C directly collides with and adheres only to the windproof inclined part 32 of the windproof part 31a and the upper part of the upstream inclined part 13b, and adheres to the upstream translucent window 16 and Since the airflow C does not directly blow to the downstream side translucent window 17, the adhesion of dirt can be significantly reduced, and the cycle of the cleaning operation in the tunnel can be significantly extended. The maximum projecting positions of the upstream oblique portion 13b and the downstream oblique portion 14 toward the inside of the tunnel are as follows.
It is desirable not to be much higher than the maximum projecting position H of the windproof part 31a.

<Seventh Embodiment> Next, a seventh embodiment of the fire detector according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 14 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a seventh embodiment of the fire detector according to the present invention. Here, the same components as those in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be simplified. As shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B, a fire detector 10G according to the present embodiment includes a sensor storage portion 12G provided on an upper part of the housing 11 similarly to the sixth embodiment described above. It has an upstream oblique portion 13b and a downstream oblique portion 14, in which an upstream detection sensor 18 and a downstream detection sensor 19 are housed. A windproof part 31a protruding inward of the tunnel is provided detachably on the upstream side of the airflow C of the upstream oblique part 13b.

Here, the windproof part 31a is
It is configured to be detachable from 2G and limits the spread of the detection area A set by the upstream detection sensor 18. That is, by attaching the windbreak part 31a to the sensor storage part 12G, as shown in FIG. 12, the expansion of the detection area A on the upstream side of the airflow C in the direction of the inner wall surface of the tunnel is restricted, and the downstream side of the airflow C is provided. The spread of the area is smaller than that of the set detection area B.
In addition, by removing the windbreak section 31a from the sensor storage section 12G, the upstream detection area A and the downstream detection area B are set to have the same extent. Further, FIG.
As shown in (c), by attaching another windproof part 31b having a projecting height different from the windproof part 31a (that is, the maximum projecting position H ′) to the sensor housing 12G,
The width of the detection area A on the upstream side in the direction of the inner wall surface of the tunnel is adjusted according to the protruding height of the windproof part 31b.

The fire detector 10G having such a configuration
According to the windbreak part 31a formed in different protruding height,
By appropriately attaching and detaching the sensor 31b to and from the sensor storage portion 12G, it is possible to arbitrarily adjust the extent of the upstream detection area A. Accordingly, a detection area having an appropriate spread can be set. In each of the embodiments described above, only the case where the fire detector is installed on the inner wall surface of the tunnel and the fire occurring inside the tunnel is monitored has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. It can also be applied to fire monitoring in other spaces. In short, a specific closed space, or an airflow predominantly generated in a space equivalent thereto, may be configured as in each of the above-described embodiments, and thereby, even in a space other than the tunnel. In addition, it is possible to construct a fire detection system capable of appropriately setting a detection area and performing good fire monitoring.

[0066]

According to the first, second or third aspect of the present invention, at least two fire detectors for detecting a fire by setting independent three-dimensional detection areas by a plurality of detection sensors. By arranging each detection sensor asymmetrically with respect to the left and right direction based on the installation position of the fire detector, setting each detection area asymmetrically, and adjusting the sensitivity of each detection sensor It is possible to monitor the fire for a long period of time by making it less affected by dirt.

According to the invention of claim 4, 17 or 18, a fire detector for detecting a fire occurring in a tunnel by setting an independent three-dimensional detection area by a plurality of detection sensors. In the first, the first and second detection sensors are provided corresponding to the upstream and downstream directions of the airflow dominantly flowing in the tunnel, and the detection area set in the downstream direction by the first detection sensor is the Since the second detection sensor is larger than the detection area set in the upstream direction, even if the second detection sensor cannot monitor the area where another fire detector adjacent to the upstream side is installed, The area including the other fire detector installed downstream can be monitored complementarily by the first detection sensor, and the influence of dirt adhering to the fire detector can be improved. It can be structured to reduce deterioration of the fire monitoring performance, can be satisfactorily monitor the fire over time. Therefore, the cycle of the cleaning operation in the tunnel can be significantly extended.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the light-transmitting window is provided on the front surface of each detection sensor, and the surface of the light-transmitting window provided on the front surface of the second detection sensor arranged on the upstream side. Is placed almost parallel to the inner wall of the tunnel,
The direct blowing of the airflow that flows predominantly in the tunnel can be suppressed, and the adhesion of dirt on the translucent window on the upstream side of the airflow can be significantly reduced. In addition to being able to be extended, the unevenness of the surface of the fire detector can be made smooth so that dirt can be easily and satisfactorily removed during the cleaning operation. According to the invention described in claim 6 or 9, the main body cover provided with the light-transmitting window is adjacent to the upstream of the airflow of the light-transmitting window provided on the front surface of the second detection sensor, or Since the first inclined portion is provided close to and upstream of the airflow, the dirt-causing substance flying on the airflow directly collides with the first inclined portion,
At the same time, the airflow blown directly to the translucent window is avoided, and the adhesion of dirt to the translucent window can be significantly reduced.

According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the main body cover provided with the light-transmitting window is provided on the downstream side of the airflow of the light-transmitting window provided on the upstream side of the airflow. Since the translucent window provided on the front surface is disposed and the second inclined portion obliquely provided on the downstream side of the airflow is provided, the second inclined portion side becomes a blind spot of the airflow, and It is possible to greatly reduce the adhesion of dirt to the sex window. According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, the second detection sensor is disposed obliquely upstream of the airflow, so that the second detection sensor detects the position according to the mounting position and the mounting angle of the second detection sensor. Since the direction in which the area spreads can be changed as appropriate, the detection sensitivity can be increased, and the compensation limit can be increased with respect to the decrease in the amount of received light due to the contamination of the translucent window.

According to the tenth aspect of the present invention, the air flow is provided between the light transmitting window provided on the front surface of the first detection sensor and the light transmitting window provided on the front surface of the second detection sensor. Since the third inclined portion which is inclined obliquely on the upstream side is provided, it is possible to prevent the airflow from being blown to each translucent window, and it is possible to greatly reduce the adhesion of dirt. According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, since the main body cover is formed of an integral translucent member, the structure for attaching and fixing the translucent window to the sensor housing can be simplified. According to the twelfth, thirteenth, or fifteenth aspect, direct blowing of the airflow to the translucent window is performed on the upstream side of the airflow of the translucent window provided on the front surface of the second detection sensor. The provision of the windbreak portion for preventing the airflow and the fourth inclined portion obliquely provided on the upstream side of the airflow prevents the airflow from being blown to the translucent window, thereby greatly reducing the adhesion of dirt. And the cycle of the cleaning operation in the tunnel can be significantly extended.

According to the fourteenth aspect of the present invention, the windproof portion has a maximum protruding position inward of the tunnel at a maximum protruding edge of an effective surface of a translucent window provided on the front surface of the second detection sensor. Since the position is substantially equal to or higher than the position, it is possible to avoid direct blowing of the airflow onto the translucent window. According to the sixteenth aspect of the present invention, since the windproof portion is configured to be detachable from the main body cover, by appropriately attaching and detaching windproof portions having different projecting heights, the upstream side detection area can be removed. The extent can be adjusted appropriately, and a detection area having an appropriate extent can be set according to the structure of the tunnel, the state of attachment to the inner wall surface, the state of airflow, and the like.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a first embodiment of a fire detector according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a detection area set in the fire detector according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a relationship between a fire detector arranged in a tunnel and a detection area thereof in the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a relationship between a shape of a sensor storage unit and an airflow generated in a tunnel according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a second embodiment of the fire detector according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a detection area set in a fire detector according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a third embodiment of the fire detector according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the shape of a sensor storage section of a fire detector according to a third embodiment and airflow.

FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a fourth embodiment of a fire detector according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the fire detector according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a sixth embodiment of the fire detector according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a detection area set in a fire detector according to a sixth embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the shape of a sensor storage section of a fire detector according to a sixth embodiment and airflow.

FIG. 14 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a seventh embodiment of the fire detector according to the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a conceptual diagram showing tunnel equipment for a vehicle.

FIG. 16 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fire detector according to the related art.

FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing an arrangement of a fire detector in a tunnel and a setting state of a monitoring area (detection area) in a conventional technique.

FIG. 18 is a conceptual diagram showing a relationship between a fire detector and an airflow generated in a tunnel according to the related art.

FIG. 19 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a dirt avoidance structure using airflow deflecting means in a conventional technique.

[Explanation of symbols]

10, 10A to 10G Fire detector 11 Housing (detector main body) 12, 12A to 12G Sensor storage unit (main body cover) 13a Upstream inclined portion (first inclined portion) 14 Downstream inclined portion (second inclined portion) 15a Flat portion 15b Intermediate inclined portion (third oblique portion) 16 Upstream translucent window 17 Downstream translucent window 18 Upstream side detection sensor (second detection sensor) 19 Downstream side detection sensor (First detection sensor) 20 Tunnel 21, 21b Tunnel inner wall surface 31a, 31b Windproof part 32 Windproof inclined part (fourth inclined part)

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Masahiko Nemoto 2-10-43 Kami-Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo Inside Ho Chiki Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Toshiyuki Ozawa 2- 10-43, Kami-Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo F-term in Ho Chiki Co., Ltd. (reference) 2G059 AA05 BB01 CC19 CC20 HH01 KK03 KK09 MM05 NN01 NN07 PP02 5C085 AA11 AB01 AB08 AC03 CA30 FA12 FA16 FA20 FA35 5G405 AA01 AB05 AC06 CA08 CA52 FA11 FA25

Claims (18)

[Claims] 1. A fire detector for detecting a fire, comprising a plurality of detection sensors for converting light energy into an electric signal, wherein the plurality of detection sensors set independent three-dimensional detection areas and detect a fire. The fire detector, wherein the plurality of detection sensors have the asymmetric detection areas set in the left-right direction with respect to the installation position of the fire detector. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of detection sensors are provided with first and second detection sensors corresponding to the left and right directions, and the respective detection sensors are arranged asymmetrically in the left and right directions. The fire detector according to claim 1, characterized in that: 3. The detection area set by the plurality of detection sensors is set asymmetrically in the left-right direction and symmetrical in the up-down direction with respect to the installation position of the fire detector. Claim 1 characterized by the following:
Or the fire detector according to 2. 4. A fire for detecting a fire occurring in a tunnel by setting a plurality of detection sensors for converting light energy into electric signals, and setting independent three-dimensional detection areas by the plurality of detection sensors. In the detector, the plurality of detection sensors correspond to first and second directions corresponding to upstream and downstream directions of an airflow dominantly flowing in the tunnel.
And a first sensor set downstream by the first sensor.
Wherein the detection area is larger than a second detection area set in the upstream direction by the second detection sensor. 5. The fire detector includes a light-transmitting window provided on a front surface of each of the first and second detection sensors, and a main body cover provided with the light-transmitting window. In the state where the fire detector is installed on the inner wall surface of the tunnel and facing the inside of the tunnel, the effective surface of the light-transmitting window provided on the front surface of the second detection sensor is located on the inner wall surface of the tunnel. 5. The fire detector according to claim 4, wherein the fire detectors are arranged substantially in parallel. 6. The main body cover is adjacent to or close to an upstream side of the airflow of a translucent window provided on a front surface of the second detection sensor, and is inclined to an upstream side of the airflow. First
The fire detector according to claim 5, wherein an inclined portion is provided. 7. The main body cover is located on a downstream side of the airflow of a translucent window provided on a front surface of the second detection sensor, and is inclined to a downstream side of the airflow, and The fire detector according to claim 5, further comprising a second inclined portion provided with a translucent window provided on a front surface of the first detection sensor. 8. The fire detector according to claim 5, wherein the second detection sensor is disposed obliquely upstream of the airflow. 9. The fire detector according to claim 6, wherein the first inclined portion is a chamfered surface of the main body cover. 10. The main body cover is provided between a light-transmitting window provided on a front surface of the first detection sensor and a light-transmitting window provided on a front surface of the second detection sensor. The fire detector according to claim 5, wherein a third inclined portion obliquely provided on the upstream side of the airflow is provided. 11. The fire detector according to claim 5, wherein the main body cover is formed of an integral translucent member including the translucent window. 12. The fire detector comprises the first and second fire detectors.
A light-transmitting window provided on the front surface of each of the detection sensors, and a main body cover provided with the light-transmitting window, the light-transmitting window provided on the front surface of the first detection sensor But,
Obliquely on the downstream side of the airflow, and a light-transmitting window provided on the front surface of the second detection sensor is arranged on the main body cover, obliquely on the upstream side of the airflow, further,
A windproof portion is provided on the upstream side of the airflow of the light-transmitting window provided on the front surface of the second detection sensor to prevent direct blowing of the airflow on the light-transmitting window. The fire detector according to claim 4, wherein 13. The fire detector according to claim 12, wherein the windbreak section is provided with a fourth inclined section inclined obliquely upstream of the airflow. 14. The light-transmitting member according to claim 14, wherein a maximum protruding position of the fire detector in an inner direction of the tunnel when the fire detector is installed on an inner wall surface of the tunnel is provided on a front surface of the second detection sensor. 12. The structure according to claim 12, wherein a maximum protruding position of a peripheral edge of the effective surface of the sex window in a direction toward the inside of the tunnel is substantially equal to or larger than the maximum protruding position.
3. The fire detector according to 3. 15. The windproof part according to claim 12, wherein the windproof part is formed integrally with the main body cover.
4. The fire detector according to any one of 4. 16. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the windproof part is configured separately from the main body cover, and is configured to be detachable from the main body cover. Fire detector. 17. A fire for detecting a fire occurring in a tunnel by setting a plurality of detection sensors for converting light energy into electric signals, and setting independent three-dimensional detection areas by the plurality of detection sensors. In the method for setting a detection area of a detector, a first detection sensor set by a first detection sensor provided corresponding to a downstream direction of an airflow dominantly flowing in the tunnel.
Wherein the detection area is set larger than a second detection area set by a second detection sensor provided corresponding to an upstream direction of the airflow. . 18. The fire detector according to claim 18, wherein a plurality of the fire detectors are provided at predetermined intervals along a longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the n-th (n is a positive integer) from the upstream side of the airflow. The distant detection limit of the first detection area is
It is set between the installation position of the (n + 1) th fire detector and the installation position of the (n + 2) th fire detector, and the far detection limit of the second detection area in the (n) th fire detector is It is set between the installation position of the (n-1) th fire detector and the installation position of the nth fire detector, and the first detection area and the second
18. The fire detector according to claim 17, wherein the total detection area of the n-th fire detector including the detection area of (i) is set to correspond to an area twice as large as the predetermined interval. Detection area setting method.