KR101289864B1 - Apparatus for preventing spread of flame using smoke by air curtain and structure using this - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: An air curtain type apparatus for preventing the spread of flame is provided to not interfere the pass of vehicles at fire while preventing flame spread in all region of a structure. CONSTITUTION: An apparatus for preventing the spread of flame and air curtain (2) comprises a fire sensor which is installed in a structure and prevents fire; an air sprayer for a lower air curtain which is installed in a space spaced from the ceiling of the structure at a specific distance, receives air, and sprays the air to the floor of a firing place; an upper curtain unit which closes an upper space between the air sprayer for the lower air curtain and the ceiling of the structure thereby preventing the spread of flame; and a controller controlling the operation of the air sprayer and the upper curtain unit, based on the sensed value of the fire sensor. [Reference numerals] (AA) Fire smoke

Description

FIELD OF PREVENTING SPREAD OF FLAME USING SMOKE BY AIR CURTAIN AND STRUCTURE USING THIS}

The present invention relates to an up-and-down multi-layer smoke spread prevention device in combination with an air curtain and a civil building structure using the same. More specifically, the underground road structure (tunnel, box road), underground subway track, underground railway track, subway transit passage It is applied to tunnels with heights of 5m or more and tunnels with arched cross-section such as underground cavity, building entrances and corridors, etc. In order to optimize the air curtain efficiency according to the height of the structure by dividing it into the upper and lower parts, the air curtain which can block the diffusion of the smoke more effectively by combining the non-air curtain (air tube type, vertical type, blind type, etc.) A parallel upper and lower double layer diffusion prevention device and a civil building structure using the same .

In recent years, in Korea, ground transportation has to be shifted to green and public transport centers, and underground road traffic alternatives for passenger cars have been prepared.

However, the underground road has to solve various problems due to the nature of being built underground, for example, there is a fire suppression and evacuation, ventilation, etc. in case of fire.

Current fire suppression and evacuation measures include sprinkler systems and water curtain systems, and evacuation measures include emergency evacuation gangs, but there are no smoke control technologies to smoothly induce drivers in the event of a fire.

For example, high-temperature fire smoke generated in a traffic accident fire in an underground road is ventilated through a ventilation duct located in an upper part of the underground road, and a ventilation system is installed in each section to move the fire smoke to the upper ventilation duct. have. However, there is a problem that the smoke spreads quickly because all the smoke can not be exported to the ventilation duct when a fire occurs. In addition, it is difficult to evacuate the evacuation of the evacuees as the fire smoke spreads all over the tunnel in a moment, and the evacuation time is long, and the toxic substance of the fire smoke spreads, resulting in suffocation caused by asphyxiation due to the fire smoke. There is this.

In the case of a long tunnel with a large arch shape, it is mainly composed of a type ventilation tunnel exhausted by using a jet fan and a cross-flow ventilation tunnel installed vertically by installing a vertical tunnel for tunnels. It is not equipped and it tries to exhaust the fire generating smoke vertically through the vertical gang, but it is insufficient to control the actual fire smoke because the installation section is wide. In addition, it takes about 10 minutes until the operation of these flue gas plants becomes full, and during this time, it is difficult to evacuate the short-term spread of fire smoke throughout the tunnel, and the evacuation time is long, and as the toxic substance of the fire smoke spreads, There is a problem that human injury occurs due to asphyxiation due to fire smoke.

In order to solve this problem, there is a prior art (patent document) to form an air curtain at the fire site to prevent the spread of the smoke.

1 is a conceptual diagram of a device for preventing diffusion of smoke using an air curtain according to the prior art, for example, a device for preventing diffusion of smoke 2 is installed at a ceiling of a box-shaped road structure 1.

In the event of a fire, the device for preventing diffusion of smoke 2 compresses air and sprays it toward the bottom of the road structure 1 to form an air curtain, so that the smoke generated at the fire site does not spread to another place or delays diffusion. .

However, according to the conventional device for preventing diffusion of smoke, the performance of the air curtain is determined by the injection pressure of air, and even if the injection pressure of the air is increased, the injection pressure of the air farther away from the flame diffusion prevention device (2). The farther this floor is (5m or more), the lower the blocking efficiency of the air curtain is, which causes the diffusion of smoke around the bottom.

Under such conditions, the air discharged from the smoke diffusion preventing device 2 is injected into the bottom of the road structure 1 to form an air curtain, and the air is prevented from spreading the smoke by the forced air flow in the road structure 1. The farther away from), the lower the blocking efficiency.

In addition, in the prior art, the curtain curtain of the air curtain is pushed back by the fire pressure without considering the air curtain injection angle and the air volume in consideration of the pressure at which the fire smoke expands due to the fire location and the fire intensity. Or there is a problem that can not block the fire smoke due to the vortex generated on the bottom surface.

Patent Registration No. 10-1136990 Patent Registration No. 10-1137284

The present invention is to solve the problems as described above, closed structures, for example, underground road structures (tunnels, box roads), underground subway tracks, underground railway tracks, subway transit passages, underground joints, building entrances and corridors Up and down double layered smoke spread prevention device with air curtain to secure safe evacuation time by preventing smoke from spreading through all areas of the structure without interfering with traffic such as vehicle in case of fire in the light and civil construction structure The purpose is to provide.

In order to achieve the object as described above, the upper and lower duplex smoke diffusion prevention device in parallel with the air curtain according to the present invention, the fire sensor is installed on the structure to detect a fire; An air injector for a lower air curtain which is installed at a distance from the ceiling of the structure and receives air to inject air toward the bottom of the fire site to form a lower air curtain; An upper curtain means mounted on an upper portion of the lower air curtain air injector and opening or closing an upper space between the lower air curtain air injector and the ceiling of the structure to prevent ventilation or diffusion of smoke; And a controller for controlling the driving of the lower air curtain air injector and the upper curtain means based on the detected value of the fire sensor.

According to the present invention, the upper and lower duplex flame spread prevention devices in combination with the air curtain according to the present invention, and the civil building structure to which the same is applied, include: underground road structures (tunnels, box roads), underground subway tracks, underground railway tracks, subway transit passages, underground joint holes, Air curtains are formed in the lower part where vehicles or pedestrians pass in case of fire in building entrances and corridors, and air curtains or non-air curtains (air tubes, vertical curtains, blind curtains, folding or winding curtains) where they do not interfere with vehicles. To prevent or delay the diffusion of smoke in all areas of the structure so that it is not influenced by smoke, that is, the evacuator drinks fresh air and minimizes the inhalation of toxic gases so as to evacuate to a safe place. Can be reduced.

In particular, an air curtain is formed at the lower part so as not to interfere with traffic of vehicles and pedestrians, and the controller recognizes the fire situation according to the location of fire and the intensity of the fire. It is designed to be able to block in various conditions of fire by forming a film, and it is excellent in workability and can be constructed at a minimum cost because it does not install additional auxiliary facilities compared to the prior art.

1 is a conceptual diagram of a device for preventing diffusion of smoke using an air curtain according to the prior art.
Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram of a vertical double layer smoke diffusion prevention device in parallel with the air curtain using the smoke according to the present invention.
Figure 3 is a conceptual view of the upper curtain means according to the first embodiment applied to the upper and lower duplex smoke diffusion prevention device in parallel with the air curtain using the smoke according to the present invention.
4 to 6d is a perspective view, a side view and a plan view of the upper curtain means according to the second embodiment applied to the upper and lower duplex smoke diffusion prevention device in parallel with the air curtain using the smoke according to the present invention.
7a to 8b is an operational state side view of the upper curtain means according to the third embodiment applied to the upper and lower double-layer type smoke diffusion prevention device in parallel with the air curtain using the smoke according to the present invention.
Figure 9 and Figure 10 is an operating state of the upper curtain means according to the fourth embodiment applied to the upper and lower duplex smoke diffusion prevention device in parallel with the air curtain using the smoke according to the present invention, respectively.
11 is a conceptual view of the upper curtain means according to the fifth embodiment applied to the upper and lower duplex smoke diffusion prevention device in parallel with the air curtain using the smoke according to the present invention.
Figure 12 and Figure 13 is an illustration of a structure to which the upper and lower laminar flame spread diffusion device is applied in parallel with the air curtain using the smoke according to the invention.
14a to 14c is an operation scenario by the upper and lower double layer smoke diffusion prevention device in parallel with the air curtain using the smoke according to the present invention.

The up-and-down multi-layer flame spreading prevention device which combined the air curtain by this invention forms the air curtain in the lower part which a vehicle and a pedestrian pass, and the upper air curtain or non-air curtain (air tube type, vertical type, blind type, By forming a fire-resistant curtain) to form an air curtain without loss of air so that the smoke does not diffuse in all areas, as shown in Figure 2, the fire sensor 10 for detecting a fire, by spraying air to form an air curtain On the basis of the detection value of the upper air curtain means 30, the upper curtain means 30 to block the diffusion of the smoke is installed on the lower air curtain air injector 20, the lower air curtain air injector 20 It is composed of a controller 40 for controlling the operation of the lower air curtain air sprayer 20 and the upper curtain means (30).

The fire sensor 10 may be, for example, a type installed in a tunnel in a vehicle traveling direction in a line shape, a type installed in a predetermined space of a building, or the like.

The lower air curtain injector 20 includes a hollow case 23 having an inlet 21 and an outlet 22, and a fan 24 mounted inside the case 23 to inject air.

The lower air curtain air injector 20 may use a method of using external fresh air or a method of using smoke generated at a fire site.

In the former case, the air injector 20 for the lower air curtain is connected to an air supply means for supplying fresh air (compressed air, etc.) from the inlet part 21 of the case 23 to the outlet part. 22) spray through.

In the latter case, the air injector 20 for the lower air curtain is installed so that the inlet portion 21 of the case 23 faces the fire site (installed to face the fire sensor 10) and is driven by the fan 24. After sucking the smoke, the air is discharged through the discharge part 22 to form an air curtain.

Upper curtain means 30 will be described through the following specific embodiments.

The controller 40 drives the lower air curtain air injector 20 and the upper curtain means 30 in the event of a fire based on the detection value of the fire sensor 10, respectively, and an air curtain is formed at the bottom and an air curtain at the top. Or a non-air curtain is formed.

Meanwhile, an alarm unit may be provided on the rear surface of the lower air curtain air injector 20 so as to notify the driver of the vehicle ahead of the fire when a fire occurs. The alarm unit may be controlled by the controller 40, such as an electronic board displaying a character (for example, “fire occurrence”), a speaker outputting a warning sound, and the like.

The lower air curtain air injector 20 and the upper curtain means 30 may operate at the same time, but in the event of a fire, the nature of the smoke advances toward the ceiling, that is, the upper curtain means 30 and the field of view by the air curtain In view of the disturbance situation, the upper curtain means 30 operates immediately after the fire detection and the lower air curtain air injector 20 is controlled to operate after a time, for example, 5 minutes, when the evacuator escapes from the fire point. That is, as shown in Figures 14a to 14c, when a fire occurs, the fire sensor 10 will detect the fire and will flow to the doorway as the smoke rises to the ceiling, the evacuation of the evacuation begins (see Figure 14a) ), The upper curtain means 30 is operated under the control of the controller according to the detection value of the fire sensor 10 (see FIG. 14b), and the fire is spreading toward the floor while the fire is spreading toward the entrance, and the evacuator is lowered. When evacuating out of the air curtain by the air curtain air injector 20, the lower air curtain air injector 20 operates to block the diffusion of the smoke. In other words, the evacuator is evacuated quickly without being affected by the air curtain.

≪ Example 1 >

As shown in FIG. 3, the upper curtain means according to the present embodiment is an air tube 50.

The lower air curtain air injector 20 is spaced apart from the ceiling by a predetermined height through a fastener to a support 51 fixed to the ceiling of the structure 1 by anchoring or the like.

The support 51 can be used, such as rods, rods, and the like, and a plurality of them are installed at regular intervals along the width direction to form a space that can be ventilated on the upper part of the air injector 20 for the lower air curtain.

The air tube 50 is a flexible material and is configured to fill air therein, and is supplied with air by an air pump 52 (pumping fresh air from outside, air on the opposite side of the fire site, etc.) and lower air curtain air. The space above the injector 20 is closed to block diffusion of the smoke.

Only one air tube 50 may be installed, or two or more air tubes 50 may be installed to increase the sealing effect.

The air tube 50 is installed in such a manner that the bottom (which may be the top) is fixed to the support 51 or the air pump 52 is fixed to the support 51, and is normally provided to allow ventilation. By keeping the contracted or folded state because the air is not filled, the upper space of the lower air curtain air injector 20 is opened, and when the fire occurs, air is supplied from the air pump 52 controlled by the controller 40 to inflate. While climbing, the upper space of the lower air curtain air injector 20 is closed to block the diffusion of the smoke.

<Example 2>

As shown in Figs. 4, 5A, 5C, 5D and 6A, the upper curtain means according to the present embodiment is a vertical curtain composed of a plurality of longitudinal opening and closing plates 60.

The lower air curtain air injector 20 is installed on the ceiling of the structure 1 via a support.

The opening and closing plate 60 is formed in a plate shape each of which is installed in the vertical direction (axial reference) up and down while rotating in the horizontal direction to open or close the space above the upper air injector 20 for the lower air curtain.

The opening plate 60 is overlapped with the adjacent opening and closing plate 60 so that the smoke does not diffuse through the other opening and closing plate 60 adjacent to each other, and at both ends to further enhance the airtight effect at the overlapping portion. The recessed portion and the convex portion may be configured to correspond.

The plurality of opening and closing plates 60 are mounted on the upper part of the lower air curtain air injector 20, for example, in a separate rectangular fixing frame 61 so that the upper and lower parts can be pivoted through the shaft, and are forcibly controlled by an actuator controlled by the controller. While rotating, the space of the fixing frame 61 (upper space of the lower air curtain air injector 20) is opened and closed.

Each of the plurality of opening and closing plate 60 may be capable of opening and closing each, but since the configuration of the actuator will be complicated, it is configured to open and close at the same time by one actuator, for example, the plurality of opening and closing plate 60 is the actuator ( Solenoid, rack / pinion, etc.) is rotatably connected to an actuating rod 62 that linearly reciprocates. That is, when the actuating rod 62 is linearly moved in one direction by the actuator, a plurality of opening and closing plates 60 are arranged as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B to allow ventilation, and the actuating rod 62 is in the other direction (one direction). 6a and 6b, the opening and closing plate 60 is arranged, that is, the space of the fixing frame 61 is closed and the diffusion of the smoke is blocked. The connection of the actuating rod 62 and the opening and closing plate 60 forms, for example, a pinion on the shaft of the opening and closing plate 60 and a rack on the actuating rod 62, thereby moving the bidirectional linear movement of the actuating rod 62. By this, the opening and closing plate 60 rotates in both directions. Alternatively, the operating rod 62 and the opening and closing plate 60 may be connected to the pivot pin. Since the present embodiment is characterized in that the opening and closing of the space by the rotation of the opening and closing plate 60, the configuration for opening and closing of the opening and closing plate 60 can be various implementations.

The actuating rod 62 is installed at the lowermost end in the case of the vertical vertical to consider aesthetics.

Alternatively, the opening plate 60 may be installed in the center fixing frame 61 of the operation rod 62 for driving the opening and closing plate 60 in the fixing frame 61.

All the components applied to the upper curtain means is made of a refractory material.

<Example 3>

As shown in Figs. 7A to 8B, the upper curtain means according to the present embodiment is a blind curtain composed of a plurality of transverse opening and closing plates 70. Figs.

The lower air curtain air injector 20 is installed as in the second embodiment through the support or the fixing frame 71, the opening and closing plate 70 to enable the ventilation and diffusion prevention by opening and closing the fixing frame (71).

Since the structure of the opening and closing plate 70 is the same structure as the longitudinal open plate 60 of the second embodiment, a detailed description thereof will be omitted, and each actuator is pivotally connected to the fixing frame 71 through an axis and is controlled by a controller. And connected to the operating rod 72 forcibly rotates while opening or closing the inner space of the fixing frame (71). Since the operating rod 72 can be configured in the same manner as the operating rod 62 of the second embodiment, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

7 is a normal drawing, since the ventilation should be possible at ordinary times, so that the opening and closing plate 70 is arranged in a horizontal direction so that the space inside the fixing frame 71 is opened, and FIG. 8 is a view in case of a fire. As a result, the opening and closing plate 70 is arranged in the vertical direction to close the space inside the fixing frame 71 to prevent diffusion of the smoke.

<Example 4>

9 and 10, the upper curtain means according to the present embodiment is a folding or winding curtain 80 made of a fire resistant material.

The lower air curtain injector 20 is installed through a support frame or a square fixing frame 81, and a folding or winding curtain 80 is installed in the fixing frame 81, and is fixed by a folding or winding curtain 80. 81) The space inside is opened and closed to prevent ventilation or diffusion of smoke.

The folding or winding curtain 80 is installed, for example, in the form of a roll wound on the bottom of the fixing frame 81, and is lifted to the upper portion of the fixing frame 81 while being released by the forward rotation of the winding motor controlled by the controller. The inner space of the fixing frame 81 is closed (see FIG. 10), and in this state, the inner space of the fixing frame 81 is lowered to the bottom of the fixing frame 81 while being wound on the winding motor by the reverse rotation of the winding motor. (See Figure 9). Alternatively, the folding or winding curtain 80 is stored in a folded state in a bellows form and is lifted up and down under the control of the controller in the fixing frame 81, and is equipped with a slider connected to the folding or winding curtain 80, to lift the slider. As the folding or winding curtain 80 is raised or lowered, the space inside the fixing frame 81 is closed or opened.

<Example 5>

As shown in Fig. 11, the upper curtain means according to this embodiment is an air injector 90 for the upper air curtain.

The upper air curtain air injector 90 has the same structure as the lower air curtain air injector 20 and is detachably mounted on the upper part of the lower air curtain air injector 20 to the ceiling part through a separate support. Alternatively, the lower air curtain air injector 20 and the upper air curtain air injector 90 may be detachably mounted to a support stand and installed on the ceiling through the support stand.

Since the upper space is smaller than the lower space, the upper air curtain air injector 90 preferably has a smaller capacity than the lower air curtain air injector 20.

12 and 13 are exemplary views of a structure to which the upper and lower double layer diffusion diffusion preventing devices in parallel with the air curtain of the present invention are applied, and FIG. 12 is an example applied to a tunnel of an arcuate cross section, and 13 is an example applied to a tunnel of a box cross section to be.

Up and down multi-layer smoke spread prevention device in parallel with the air curtain of the present invention, by installing the front and rear sides or the circumference of the fire sensor can be installed so that the smoke generated at the fire site does not diffuse to the outside, the building It may be installed in the entrance and the like.

10: fire sensor, 20: air sprayer for lower air curtain
21: inlet, 22: outlet
23: case, 24: fan
30: upper curtain means, 40: controller
50: air tube, 60: longitudinal opening and closing plate
70: transverse opening and closing plate, 80: folding or winding curtain
90 air sprayer for the upper air curtain,

Claims (12)

A fire sensor 10 installed on the structure to detect a fire;
A lower air curtain air injector 20 installed at a predetermined distance from the ceiling of the structure and receiving air to inject air toward the bottom of the fire site to form a lower air curtain;
An upper curtain means mounted on an upper portion of the lower air curtain air injector and opening or closing an upper space between the lower air curtain air injector and the ceiling of the structure to prevent ventilation or diffusion of smoke;
A controller 30 for controlling driving of the lower air curtain air injector and upper curtain means based on the detected value of the fire sensor,
The air injector for the lower air curtain includes a hollow box-shaped case 23 and a fan 24 mounted inside the case, wherein the case 23 has the inlet end opened toward the fire sensor. The inlet part 21 is formed so that the inside and the outside of the case communicates with each other so that the smoke generated at the fire site is introduced by the driving of the fan, and the discharge end is formed to face the bottom so that the smoke flows into the case body. An upper and lower double layer smoke spread prevention device comprising an air curtain formed of a discharge part 22 to be sprayed toward the floor to form an air curtain by smoke. delete The air curtain of claim 1, wherein the upper curtain means is mounted on an upper portion of the lower air curtain air injector, and swells through air filling to close a space between the lower air curtain air injector and the ceiling of the structure. An up-and-down multi-layer flammable diffusion prevention device using the air curtain characterized by the tube (50). The method of claim 1, wherein the upper curtain means, a plurality of opening and closing plates 60 arranged in the longitudinal direction is made to be mounted in a row or more in the transverse direction on the upper portion of the lower air curtain for the air curtain, the lower air curtain Vertical curtain for opening and closing the space between the air injector and the ceiling of the structure,
The vertical opening and closing plate is formed so as to correspond to the recessed portion and the convex portion at both ends, respectively, the upper and lower double layer type diffusion diffusion prevention device in parallel with the air curtain, characterized in that the airtight overlap. The method of claim 1, wherein the upper curtain means, a plurality of opening and closing plate 70 arranged in the transverse direction is formed on the upper portion of the air injector for the lower air curtain in a row or more along the transverse direction, the lower air curtain It is a blind curtain for opening and closing the space between the air injector and the ceiling of the structure,
The transverse opening and closing plate is formed so as to correspond to the recessed portion and the convex portion at both ends, respectively, the upper and lower double layer type diffusion diffusion preventing device in parallel with the air curtain, characterized in that the airtight overlap. The air curtain of claim 1, wherein the upper curtain means is formed in a bellows shape or wound in a roll shape and is mounted on an upper portion of the lower injector for injecting the lower air curtain and a space between the lower air curtain air injector and the ceiling of the structure. It is a folding or winding curtain (80) for opening and closing the upper and lower duplex smoke diffusion prevention device in parallel with the air curtain. The air curtain according to claim 1, wherein the upper curtain means is mounted on an upper portion of the air injector for the lower air curtain and is supplied with a smoke to the space between the lower air curtain air injector and the ceiling of the structure. The upper and lower double layer smoke diffusion prevention device in parallel with the air curtain, characterized in that the upper air curtain for the air injector (90). The space of the fixing frame according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the upper curtain means has a rectangular frame shape, and an upper portion thereof is fixed to the ceiling of the structure, and a lower portion thereof is installed on a fixing frame to which the air sprayer for the lower air curtain is fixed. Up and down multi-layer smoke spread prevention device in parallel with the air curtain, characterized in that the opening and closing. delete 8. The air curtain type according to claim 3, wherein an alarm unit is installed on the opposite side of the inlet of the flame injector for the air curtain and is guided by the controller under the control of the controller. 9. Smoke diffusion prevention device. 8. The device according to claim 3, wherein the upper curtain means operates immediately after the fire detection and the air sprayer for the lower air curtain is controlled to operate after a certain time from the occurrence of the fire so that the evacuator escapes. Air curtain type diffusion diffusion prevention device using. A civil building structure to which an upper and lower double layer smoke spread prevention device in which an air curtain according to any one of claims 3 to 7 is applied in parallel.

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