CN105221180B - Subway platform fire prevention separation method - Google Patents
Subway platform fire prevention separation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105221180B CN105221180B CN201510651584.3A CN201510651584A CN105221180B CN 105221180 B CN105221180 B CN 105221180B CN 201510651584 A CN201510651584 A CN 201510651584A CN 105221180 B CN105221180 B CN 105221180B
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- air curtain
- curtain unit
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/003—Ventilation of traffic tunnels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F11/00—Rescue devices or other safety devices, e.g. safety chambers or escape ways
Abstract
The invention discloses a fire prevention separation method for a subway platform, which is characterized in that a front-end air curtain unit close to a platform layer is opened in time; when the smoke concentration of the fire disaster is greater than the preset smoke concentration value or the duration time of the fire disaster exceeds the preset time length, a rear-end air curtain unit close to the station hall layer is started to help personnel on the station layer to be evacuated to the station hall layer in time; and after people are evacuated, closing the rear-end air curtain unit and the front-end air curtain unit in sequence. The invention can simply and effectively help escape personnel to evacuate from a station floor to a station hall floor, effectively isolate fire smoke between stairs and the station floor by utilizing the working principle of the rear end air curtain unit and the front end air curtain unit, and simultaneously, the air supply speed of the rear end air curtain unit is lower than that of the front end air curtain unit, so that the personnel are not influenced by the wind direction of the air curtain unit, and the escape efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tunnel ventilation design method, in particular to a subway platform fire prevention separation method.
Background
In recent years, the development of cities is driven by the rapid increase of economy, and urban rail transit transportation systems are introduced into various cities in succession to improve the increasingly worsened traffic problems. Along with the construction of the rail transit in the cities of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and the like, the urban traffic is greatly improved, and more cities are put into the rail transit construction ranks. The fire safety of the subway is a hot spot of social concern as a dense place for people.
The subway station floor is used as the most crowded area of personnel, has the highest risk of fire, effectively controls the smoke to spread to the station hall floor, ensures the safety of the personnel in the station to evacuate to the station hall floor, and is a difficult problem in the field of subway engineering design. According to the provisions of the subway design Specification (GB 50157-2013): when a fire disaster occurs on the subway station platform layer, downward airflow of not less than 1.5m/s is ensured at the stair and escalator opening from the station hall to the platform. "
In order to meet the mandatory requirements of the specification, the following two methods are generally adopted in the design of the subway fire ventilation system: firstly, in case of fire, a platform smoke exhaust system and a station hall air supply system are opened, a station air supply system and a station hall air exhaust system are closed, a shielding door on one side is opened, a tunnel fan (or a heat exhaust fan) is opened to assist in smoke exhaust, and the smoke exhaust capacity is increased so as to meet the standard requirements. And secondly, carrying out technical treatment before an exhaust system of the ventilation air-conditioning system in the station public area and a heat extraction system in the station track area enter an exhaust duct, so that the heat extraction fans can participate in smoke extraction together when the platform exhausts smoke. Therefore, when a fire disaster occurs on the platform layer, the connecting valve between the platform smoke exhaust duct and the heat exhausting fan is opened, and the valves of the upper and lower heat exhaust ducts in the rail running area are closed, so that the heat exhausting fan is added into a platform smoke exhaust system, the smoke exhaust capacity is improved, and the standard requirement is met. Although the above two design methods passively meet the specification requirements, they have obvious defects: firstly, the control is complex. The subway site is disordered during the fire disaster, and the complex operation flow increases the risks of aggravation of the fire and spread of the fire; secondly, the design is complicated. The engineering personnel need to perform detailed calculation and accurate technical processing to meet the theoretical requirement, and the process is complicated. Thirdly, the use effect is not good. The design method obtained through theoretical calculation is easy to cause remarkable amplification of equipment type selection, so that the speed of air flowing from the station hall layer to the station platform layer is too high under the condition of fire, and escape personnel are influenced to evacuate to the station hall layer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fire-proof separation method for a subway platform, which is characterized in that a front-end air curtain unit close to a platform layer is opened in time; when the smoke concentration of the fire disaster is greater than the preset smoke concentration value or the duration time of the fire disaster exceeds the preset time length, a rear-end air curtain unit close to the station hall layer is started to help personnel on the station layer to be evacuated to the station hall layer in time; and after people are evacuated, closing the rear-end air curtain unit and the front-end air curtain unit in sequence. The invention can simply and effectively help escape personnel to evacuate from a station floor to a station hall floor, effectively isolate fire smoke between stairs and the station floor by utilizing the working principle of the rear end air curtain unit and the front end air curtain unit, and simultaneously, the air supply speed of the rear end air curtain unit is lower than that of the front end air curtain unit, so that the personnel are not influenced by the wind direction of the air curtain unit, and the escape efficiency is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a fire-proof separation method for subway platforms is characterized in that the fire-proof separation method comprises the following steps:
s1, when a fire disaster occurs on the subway platform layer, the front air curtain unit close to the platform layer is started to evacuate people on the platform layer;
s2, when the smoke concentration of the fire is larger than the preset smoke concentration value or the duration of the fire exceeds the preset duration, opening a rear end air curtain unit close to the station hall layer to help people on the station floor evacuate to the station hall layer in time;
and S3, respectively closing the rear end air curtain unit and the front end air curtain unit after people are evacuated.
The step S1 includes:
s1.1, when a fire disaster occurs on a subway station platform layer, manually or remotely controlling to start the front-end air curtain unit;
s1.2, starting a first air return opening of the front-end air curtain unit for rolling up air flow on the side of a station hall layer;
s1.3, starting a first air supply outlet of the front-end air curtain unit, and sending airflow from the station hall layer side from top to bottom through the boosting effect of a front-end air curtain unit body of the front-end air curtain unit.
In the step S1.3, the air supply speed of the first air supply outlet is more than 2.5m/S, and the air supply direction is vertical; the vertical high-speed intercepting air flow generated by the first air supply outlet blocks the fire smoke from permeating into the platform layer to the staircase on the station hall layer.
The step S2 includes:
s2.1, when the smoke concentration of the fire is greater than a preset smoke concentration value or the duration of the fire exceeds a preset duration, starting the rear-end air curtain unit by manual or remote control;
s2.2, starting a second air return inlet of the rear-end air curtain unit to be used for sucking fresh air in the station hall layer;
and S2.3, starting a second air supply outlet of the rear end air curtain unit, and sending out fresh air from top to bottom through the boosting effect of the rear end air curtain unit body of the rear end air curtain unit.
In the step S2.3, the wind speed of the second air supply outlet is more than 1.5m/S, and the air supply direction is vertical; the smoke in the staircase is blocked, and the passing resistance of people to be evacuated to the station floor is reduced.
The step S3 includes: after people are evacuated, the rear-end air curtain unit is closed firstly, and the front-end air curtain unit is closed after residual smoke in the platform layer is prevented from passing through the vertical high-speed intercepting air flow.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention discloses a fire-proof separation method for a subway platform, which is characterized in that a front-end air curtain unit close to a platform layer is opened in time; when the smoke concentration of the fire disaster is greater than the preset smoke concentration value or the duration time of the fire disaster exceeds the preset time length, a rear-end air curtain unit close to the station hall layer is started to help personnel on the station layer to be evacuated to the station hall layer in time; and after people are evacuated, closing the rear-end air curtain unit and the front-end air curtain unit in sequence. The invention can simply and effectively help escape personnel to evacuate from the station floor to the station hall floor, and realize the fireproof separation between the station floor and the station hall floor of the subway station. Utilize the theory of operation of rear end air curtain unit, front end air curtain unit, effectively keep apart the conflagration flue gas with the station platform layer between the staircase, the air supply speed of rear end air curtain unit is less than the air supply speed of front end air curtain unit simultaneously for personnel do not receive the wind direction influence of air curtain unit, have improved the efficiency of fleing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall flowchart of a method for fire separation of a subway platform according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of a fire partition apparatus for a subway platform according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a fire barrier partition apparatus for a subway platform according to the present invention, taken along the line a-a of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a fire barrier partition apparatus for a subway platform according to the present invention, taken along the line B-B of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be further described by way of the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, a fire partition device for a subway platform is provided for the fire partition method for a subway platform according to the present invention. Fire prevention separator sets up in the building staircase between subway station platform layer 2 and station room layer 1 within a definite time, and this fire prevention separator contains: the front end air curtain unit and the rear end air curtain unit. And rail vehicles 6 are arranged on two sides of the platform layer 2.
As shown in fig. 4, the front end air curtain unit is disposed on the ceiling 7 of the staircase room near the platform floor 2; the rear air curtain unit is arranged on the ceiling 7 of the staircase 4 close to the station hall floor 1.
The front-end air curtain machine set comprises at least three front-end air curtain machines 3 which are arranged at intervals along the width direction of the staircase 4; each front end air curtain machine 3 includes: a front air curtain machine body 303, a first air supply outlet 301 and a first air return outlet 302.
In the invention, at least three front end air curtain machines 3 are arranged on the ceiling 7 in a side-by-side installation mode. In this embodiment, the width of the staircase 4 is 6m, and the width of each front end air curtain machine 3 is 2m, so three front end air curtain machines 3 are adopted for arrangement.
Wherein, the top end of the front end air curtain machine body 303 is connected with the ceiling 7 of the staircase room close to the station layer 2; the first air supply outlet 301 is arranged at the bottom end of the front end air curtain machine body 303, and the air direction of the first air supply outlet 301 faces the ground vertically; the first air return opening 302 is arranged at the side end of the front air curtain machine body 303 close to the station hall floor 1, and the wind direction of the first air return opening 302 is horizontal to the ceiling 7.
In this embodiment, when the air outlet speed of the first air outlet 301 of the front end air curtain 3 is greater than 12m/s, it can be ensured that the first air outlet 301 can output 2.5m/s of vertical airflow.
The longitudinal section of the first air supply outlet 301 forms a gradually-reduced included angle of 45 degrees with the vertical direction; the longitudinal section of the first air return opening 501 forms a gradually-reduced included angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal direction.
In the invention, the first air supply opening 301 and the first air return opening 302 adopt the design of gradually reducing the included angle, so that the front end air curtain machine 3 can form good vertical airflow.
The rear end air curtain machine set comprises at least three rear end air curtain machines 5 which are arranged at intervals along the width direction of the staircase 4; each rear end air curtain machine 5 includes: a rear air curtain machine body 503, a second air supply outlet 501 and a second air return outlet 502.
In the present invention, at least three rear end air curtains 5 are installed side by side on the ceiling 7. In this embodiment, the width of the staircase 4 is 6m, and the width of each rear end air curtain machine 5 is 2m, so three rear end air curtain machines 5 are used for arrangement.
Wherein, the top end of the rear air curtain machine body 503 is connected with the ceiling 7 of the staircase 4 close to the station hall layer 1; the second air supply outlet 501 is arranged at the bottom end of the rear air curtain machine body 503, and the air direction of the second air supply outlet 501 vertically faces the ground; the second air return opening 502 is arranged at the side end of the rear air curtain machine body 503 close to the station hall floor 1, and the wind direction of the second air return opening 502 is horizontal to the ceiling 7.
The cross section of the second air supply outlet 501 is a gradually expanding included angle of 45 degrees with the vertical direction; the cross section of the second air return opening 502 is a gradually expanding included angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal direction.
If the design of the gradually-reduced included angle is adopted, the air speed is larger than 5m/s at the position close to the station hall layer 1, and therefore escape personnel such as children and old people are inconvenient to walk. Therefore, the second air supply outlet 501 and the second air return inlet 502 of the invention adopt the design of gradually-enlarged included angles, so that the rear-end air curtain machine 5 can operate at a lower air supply speed, the air flow speed of more than 1.5m/s can be realized when the rear-end air curtain machine approaches the station hall floor 1, and meanwhile, the evacuation traffic resistance of people such as children and old people can be reduced.
In the present invention, the airflow action width of all the first air supply outlets 301 of the front end air curtain unit and all the second air supply outlets 501 of the rear end air curtain unit is not less than 90% of the width of the escalator 4.
The horizontal distance between the front end air curtain unit and the rear end air curtain unit is not less than 3 m. In the invention, the distance between the front-end air curtain unit and the rear-end air curtain unit is determined according to the length between the stairs, and is not less than 4 steps, thereby ensuring that: two rows of people can be accommodated and can pass in the length range, so that children or old people can pass conveniently; while allowing the first supply air outlet 301 sufficient space to introduce the air flow in the lobby floor 1.
As shown in fig. 1, a fire-barrier method for a subway station, the fire-barrier method comprises:
and S1, when a fire breaks out on the subway station floor 2, opening the front air curtain unit close to the station floor 2, so that people on the station floor 2 are evacuated. The step S1 includes:
s1.1, when a fire disaster occurs on the subway station layer 2, the front-end air curtain unit is started through manual or remote control.
S1.2, starting a first air return opening 302 of the front-end air curtain unit to be used for drawing the air flow at the side of the hall layer 1 of the suction station.
S1.3, starting a first air supply outlet 301 of the front-end air curtain unit, and sending out the airflow on the side of the station hall layer 1 from top to bottom through the boosting effect of the front-end air curtain unit body of the front-end air curtain unit by the first air supply outlet 301.
In step S1.3, the air blowing speed of the first air blowing opening 301 is greater than 2.5m/S, and the air blowing direction is the vertical direction; the vertical high-speed intercepting air flow generated by the first air supply outlet 301 blocks the fire smoke from permeating into the station layer 2 to the escalator 4 of the station and hall layer 1.
In the invention, the front end air curtain machine 3 supplies air by induced jet flow, and adopts a high-speed first air supply outlet 301 with a 45-degree taper angle and a certain turbulence coefficient according to the momentum conservation principle to directionally and high-speed spray airflow to drive surrounding static air to form an air wall which meets a certain air speed requirement and has a certain effective range and coverage width, thereby inducing the airflow to organize a flow field according to a certain airflow direction under the condition of no air pipe and sending the airflow to an area specified by a front end air curtain machine set as shown in figure 4. The plurality of front end air curtain machines 3 can form vertical air flow not less than 2.5 m/s.
In the invention, the front-end air curtain machine 3 forms vertical airflow of not less than 2.5m/s because the smoke spreading speed is higher, usually more than 1.5 m/s-2 m/s, when the station layer 2 is in fire, and the vertical airflow formed by the front-end air curtain machine set takes 2.5m/s to prevent the smoke from entering the station hall layer 1.
The purpose of step S1 is to allow evacuees to enter the staircase 4 through the "air wall" formed by the front air curtain unit and evacuate toward the entrance floor 2.
And S2, when the smoke concentration of the fire is greater than the preset smoke concentration value or the duration of the fire exceeds the preset duration, opening a rear-end air curtain unit close to the station hall layer 1 to help people on the station platform layer 2 to evacuate to the station hall layer 1 in time. The step S2 includes:
s2.1, when the smoke concentration of the fire is larger than the preset smoke concentration value or the duration time of the fire exceeds the preset duration, starting the rear-end air curtain unit by manual or remote control.
In the embodiment, the preset fire duration value is set to be 8min, and when the actual fire duration exceeds 8min, the rear-end air curtain unit is started through manual or remote control.
S2.2, starting a second air return opening 502 of the rear-end air curtain unit to be used for rolling up fresh air in the station hall layer 1.
And S2.3, starting a second air supply outlet 501 of the rear-end air curtain unit, and sending out fresh air from top to bottom through the boosting effect of the rear-end air curtain unit body of the rear-end air curtain unit by the second air supply outlet 501.
In the step S2.3, the wind speed of the second air supply outlet 501 is greater than 1.5m/S, and the air supply direction is vertical; the smoke in the staircase 4 is blocked, and the passing resistance of people to be evacuated to the station layer 2 is reduced.
In the invention, the model of the rear-end air curtain unit is the same as that of the front-end air curtain unit, and the reduction of the air supply and exhaust speed is realized only by arranging the second air supply outlet 501 and the second air return inlet 502 with gradually-expanded included angles. When the divergent included angle is 45 degrees and the air supply stroke is 3m, the air supply speed felt by the head of a person is less than 5m/s, and the escape and evacuation of the person are not influenced. The equipment with the same model as the front-end air curtain machine set is adopted, and a second air supply outlet 501 and a second air return inlet 502 with a gradually-expanding included angle of 45 degrees can form vertical airflow larger than 1.5 m/s.
And S3, respectively closing the rear end air curtain unit and the front end air curtain unit after people are evacuated. The step S3 includes: after people are evacuated, the rear-end air curtain unit is closed firstly, and the front-end air curtain unit is closed after residual smoke in the platform layer 2 passes through the vertical high-speed intercepting air flow.
Step S3 of the present invention is for safety reasons to help people evacuate and to ensure that smoke in the landing level 2 does not immediately flow into the landing level 1 through the stairs 4.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.
Claims (4)
1. A fire partition method for a subway platform, the fire partition method comprising:
s1, when a fire disaster occurs on the subway platform layer, the front air curtain unit close to the platform layer is started to evacuate people on the platform layer;
s2, when the smoke concentration of the fire is larger than the preset smoke concentration value or the duration of the fire exceeds the preset duration, opening a rear end air curtain unit close to the station hall layer to help people on the station floor evacuate to the station hall layer in time;
s3, after people are evacuated, closing the rear end air curtain unit and the front end air curtain unit respectively;
the step S1 includes:
s1.1, when a fire disaster occurs on a subway station platform layer, manually or remotely controlling to start the front-end air curtain unit;
s1.2, starting a first air return opening of the front-end air curtain unit for rolling up air flow on the side of a station hall layer;
s1.3, starting a first air supply outlet of the front-end air curtain unit, and sending airflow from the station hall layer side from top to bottom through the boosting effect of a front-end air curtain unit body of the front-end air curtain unit;
the step S2 includes:
s2.1, when the smoke concentration of the fire is greater than a preset smoke concentration value or the duration of the fire exceeds a preset duration, starting the rear-end air curtain unit by manual or remote control;
s2.2, starting a second air return inlet of the rear-end air curtain unit to be used for sucking fresh air in the station hall layer;
and S2.3, starting a second air supply outlet of the rear end air curtain unit, and sending out fresh air from top to bottom through the boosting effect of the rear end air curtain unit body of the rear end air curtain unit.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1.3, the air blowing speed of the first air blowing opening is greater than 2.5m/S, and the air blowing direction is vertical; the vertical high-speed intercepting air flow generated by the first air supply outlet prevents fire smoke from permeating into the stairs and stairs of the station and hall layers.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2.3, the wind speed of the second air supply outlet is greater than 1.5m/S, and the air supply direction is vertical; the smoke in the staircase is blocked, and the passing resistance of people to be evacuated to the station floor is reduced.
4. The method for fire partitioning a subway platform as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step S3 comprises: after people are evacuated, the rear-end air curtain unit is closed firstly, and the front-end air curtain unit is closed after residual smoke in the platform layer is prevented from passing through the vertical high-speed intercepting air flow.
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108952798B (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2019-10-15 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of railway breakdown station with smoke controlling and personnel's emergency evacuation function |
| CN110940041B (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-01-15 | 中国安全生产科学研究院 | Fire ventilation and smoke exhaust method for subway transfer station and station hall |
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| KR101549219B1 (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2015-09-04 | 한국철도기술연구원 | air curtain for exhausting smoke equipped side guide |
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