ITMI20011745A1 - Processo per impregnare supporti - Google Patents
Processo per impregnare supporti Download PDFInfo
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- ITMI20011745A1 ITMI20011745A1 IT2001MI001745A ITMI20011745A ITMI20011745A1 IT MI20011745 A1 ITMI20011745 A1 IT MI20011745A1 IT 2001MI001745 A IT2001MI001745 A IT 2001MI001745A IT MI20011745 A ITMI20011745 A IT MI20011745A IT MI20011745 A1 ITMI20011745 A1 IT MI20011745A1
- Authority
- IT
- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- weight
- per
- process according
- fluorinated
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 67
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 56
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 117
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims description 50
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 bromodifluoromethyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001246 colloidal dispersion Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl difluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(=O)=O OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical group C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 3
- AYCANDRGVPTASA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-1,2,2-trifluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)Br AYCANDRGVPTASA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001265 acyl fluorides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 2
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012763 reinforcing filler Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- 229910006095 SO2F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(prop-2-enyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound C=CCN1C(=O)N(CC=C)C(=O)N(CC=C)C1=O KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004160 Ammonium persulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000544 Gore-Tex Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910006069 SO3H Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920004890 Triton X-100 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019395 ammonium persulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- YOALFLHFSFEMLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-pentadecafluorooctanoic acid Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F YOALFLHFSFEMLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003936 perfluorinated ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010702 perfluoropolyether Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 2
- BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-triallyloxy-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C=CCOC1=NC(OCC=C)=NC(OCC=C)=N1 BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical class [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001266 acyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- WURBFLDFSFBTLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzil Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WURBFLDFSFBTLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001558 benzoic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DFFDSQBEGQFJJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M butyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC([O-])=O DFFDSQBEGQFJJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical class [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003010 ionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012703 microemulsion polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- DYUWTXWIYMHBQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-prop-2-enylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound C=CCNCC=C DYUWTXWIYMHBQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005373 pervaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003461 sulfonyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003930 superacid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KJWHEZXBZQXVSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(prop-2-enyl) phosphite Chemical compound C=CCOP(OCC=C)OCC=C KJWHEZXBZQXVSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical class [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0093—Chemical modification
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
- B01D69/107—Organic support material
- B01D69/1071—Woven, non-woven or net mesh
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2231—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
- C08J5/2237—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds containing fluorine
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1039—Polymeric electrolyte materials halogenated, e.g. sulfonated polyvinylidene fluorides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
- H01M8/1062—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties characterised by the physical properties of the porous support, e.g. its porosity or thickness
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1072—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes by chemical reactions, e.g. in situ polymerisation or in situ crosslinking
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1081—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes starting from solutions, dispersions or slurries exclusively of polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1086—After-treatment of the membrane other than by polymerisation
- H01M8/1088—Chemical modification, e.g. sulfonation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/30—Cross-linking
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08J2327/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT2001MI001745A ITMI20011745A1 (it) | 2001-08-09 | 2001-08-09 | Processo per impregnare supporti |
| EP02016757A EP1285688B1 (en) | 2001-08-09 | 2002-07-26 | A process for impregnating supports |
| DE60206573T DE60206573T2 (de) | 2001-08-09 | 2002-07-26 | Verfahren zum Imprägnieren von Trägern |
| JP2002233712A JP4293765B2 (ja) | 2001-08-09 | 2002-08-09 | 多孔性基体の含浸方法 |
| US10/214,730 US6939581B2 (en) | 2001-08-09 | 2002-08-09 | Process for impregnating supports |
| US11/151,314 US20050238813A1 (en) | 2001-08-09 | 2005-06-14 | Process for impregnating supports |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT2001MI001745A ITMI20011745A1 (it) | 2001-08-09 | 2001-08-09 | Processo per impregnare supporti |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ITMI20011745A0 ITMI20011745A0 (it) | 2001-08-09 |
| ITMI20011745A1 true ITMI20011745A1 (it) | 2003-02-09 |
Family
ID=11448262
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT2001MI001745A ITMI20011745A1 (it) | 2001-08-09 | 2001-08-09 | Processo per impregnare supporti |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US6939581B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1285688B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP4293765B2 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE60206573T2 (enExample) |
| IT (1) | ITMI20011745A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI20011745A1 (it) * | 2001-08-09 | 2003-02-09 | Ausimont Spa | Processo per impregnare supporti |
| JP4839837B2 (ja) * | 2003-12-01 | 2011-12-21 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 含フッ素ポリマー液状組成物及びフッ素系架橋体製造方法 |
| EP1798252B1 (en) * | 2004-10-04 | 2009-10-21 | Unimatec Co., Ltd. | Crosslinked fluorocopolymer moldings |
| ITMI20050444A1 (it) | 2005-03-17 | 2006-09-18 | Solvay Solexis Spa | Membrana ionomerica |
| ITMI20050445A1 (it) * | 2005-03-17 | 2006-09-18 | Solvay Solexis Spa | Membrana ionomerica composta |
| JP2007172909A (ja) * | 2005-12-20 | 2007-07-05 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 直接型燃料電池および直接型燃料電池システム |
| US20070151447A1 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2007-07-05 | Membrane Technology And Research, Inc. | Gas separation membranes and processes for controlled environmental management |
| US20100203310A1 (en) * | 2006-08-09 | 2010-08-12 | Sumitomo Electric Fine Polymer, Inc. | Fluororesin thin film, fluororesin composite, porous fluororesin composite, manufacturing methods thereof, and seperation membrane element |
| CN101190975B (zh) * | 2006-11-30 | 2010-08-11 | 中国人民解放军总后勤部军需装备研究所 | 一种聚四氟乙烯薄膜超疏水加工方法 |
| CN101563802B (zh) | 2006-12-14 | 2012-07-18 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 固体高分子型燃料电池用固体高分子电解质膜及膜电极接合体 |
| US7751980B2 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2010-07-06 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Method and apparatus for evaluating elastic mechanical properties of a transversely isotropic formation |
| US8071254B2 (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2011-12-06 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Crosslinkable fluoropolymer, crosslinked fluoropolymers and crosslinked fluoropolymer membranes |
| KR101047345B1 (ko) | 2008-08-29 | 2011-07-07 | 주식회사 지아이텍 | 소수성 무기막의 제조방법 |
| RU2426750C2 (ru) * | 2009-11-03 | 2011-08-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение "Национальный исследовательский центр "Курчатовский институт" | Газоплотная модифицированная перфторсульфокатионитовая мембрана и способ ее получения |
| RU2427593C1 (ru) * | 2009-11-18 | 2011-08-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение "Национальный исследовательский центр "Курчатовский институт" | Способ получения перфторированных сульфокатионитных мембран методом полива из раствора |
| US9079138B2 (en) * | 2010-10-25 | 2015-07-14 | Cms Technologies Holdings, Inc. | Organic fluid permeation through fluoropolymer membranes |
| CN102464730B (zh) * | 2010-11-02 | 2013-12-25 | 中昊晨光化工研究院 | 含氟微乳的制备方法及应用 |
| CN103228708B (zh) | 2010-11-26 | 2015-09-02 | 索尔维特殊聚合物意大利有限公司 | (全)氟化的离子交换聚合物的液体组合物 |
| EP2486974A1 (de) * | 2011-02-10 | 2012-08-15 | LANXESS Deutschland GmbH | Filtrationsmembran |
| CN102260378B (zh) * | 2011-05-06 | 2013-03-20 | 广东生益科技股份有限公司 | 复合材料、用其制作的高频电路基板及其制作方法 |
| JP5830782B2 (ja) | 2012-01-27 | 2015-12-09 | 住友電工ファインポリマー株式会社 | 変性ポリテトラフルオロエチレン製微細孔径膜の製造方法、及び変性ポリテトラフルオロエチレン製多孔質樹脂膜複合体の製造方法 |
| US9643131B2 (en) | 2015-07-31 | 2017-05-09 | Pall Corporation | Hydrophilic porous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (I) |
| CN109485775B (zh) * | 2018-09-13 | 2021-03-19 | 浙江巨化技术中心有限公司 | 一种全氟离子型树脂 |
| JP7216814B2 (ja) * | 2018-09-27 | 2023-02-01 | コンパクト メンブレイン システムズ インコーポレイテッド | 促進輸送膜を加湿するための方法 |
| CN110586110A (zh) * | 2019-10-09 | 2019-12-20 | 四川鸿鹏新材料有限公司 | 一种二甘醇制备吗啉的负载型催化剂及其制备方法 |
| US12377388B2 (en) | 2019-10-14 | 2025-08-05 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Acoustic composite including a stiffening polymer, devices, and assemblies including the same |
| CN113877435B (zh) * | 2020-07-02 | 2023-01-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 碳/mfi分子筛膜及其制备方法和应用 |
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| US4035565A (en) * | 1975-03-27 | 1977-07-12 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluoropolymer containing a small amount of bromine-containing olefin units |
| JPS53125491A (en) * | 1977-04-08 | 1978-11-01 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Fluorine-containing polymer easily curable and its curable composition |
| JPS53149881A (en) * | 1977-06-03 | 1978-12-27 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Strengthened cation exchange resin membrane and production thereof |
| US4269749A (en) * | 1979-04-30 | 1981-05-26 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method of imparting salt and/or mechanical stability to aqueous polymer microsuspensions |
| US4453991A (en) * | 1981-05-01 | 1984-06-12 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for making articles coated with a liquid composition of perfluorinated ion exchange resin |
| IT1206517B (it) | 1983-09-07 | 1989-04-27 | Montedison Spa | Composizioni covulcanizzabili da fluoroelastomeri a base di fluoruro di vinilidene e copolimeri tetrafluoeoetilene-propilene. |
| US4564662A (en) * | 1984-02-23 | 1986-01-14 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Fluorocarbon elastomer |
| DE3662142D1 (en) | 1985-03-28 | 1989-03-30 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Novel fluorovinyl ether and copolymer comprising the same |
| IT1187684B (it) * | 1985-07-08 | 1987-12-23 | Montefluos Spa | Procedimento per la preparazione di fluoroelastomeri vulcanizzabili e prodotti cosi' ottenuti |
| US4694045A (en) * | 1985-12-11 | 1987-09-15 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Base resistant fluoroelastomers |
| US4791081A (en) * | 1986-02-25 | 1988-12-13 | The Dow Chemical Company | Supported fluorocarbonsulfonic acid polymers and an improved method for their preparation |
| IT1189092B (it) * | 1986-04-29 | 1988-01-28 | Ausimont Spa | Processo di polimerizzazione in dispersione acquosa di monomeri fluorurati |
| IT1204903B (it) * | 1986-06-26 | 1989-03-10 | Ausimont Spa | Processo di polimerizzazione in dispersione acquosa di monomeri florati |
| US4940525A (en) * | 1987-05-08 | 1990-07-10 | The Dow Chemical Company | Low equivalent weight sulfonic fluoropolymers |
| JPS63304009A (ja) * | 1987-06-04 | 1988-12-12 | Nippon Mektron Ltd | パ−オキサイド加硫可能な含フッ素エラストマ−の製造方法 |
| DE68915554T2 (de) * | 1988-01-26 | 1995-01-12 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Für Dampf permselektive Membran. |
| JPH082414B2 (ja) * | 1988-03-17 | 1996-01-17 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 水蒸気選択透過性膜 |
| JPH02133448A (ja) * | 1988-11-15 | 1990-05-22 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 親水性多孔質膜の製造方法 |
| US4954256A (en) * | 1989-05-15 | 1990-09-04 | Pall Corporation | Hydrophobic membranes |
| IT1235545B (it) * | 1989-07-10 | 1992-09-09 | Ausimont Srl | Fluoroelastomeri dotati di migliore processabilita' e procedimento di preparazione |
| IT1231174B (it) | 1989-07-24 | 1991-11-22 | Ausimont Srl | Mescole vulcanizzabili di fluoroelastomeri contenenti bromo o iodio e di perossidi organici |
| US5547551A (en) * | 1995-03-15 | 1996-08-20 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Ultra-thin integral composite membrane |
| US5746954A (en) * | 1995-09-07 | 1998-05-05 | The Dow Chemical Company | Processes for forming thin, durable coatings of perfluorocarbon ionomers on various substrate materials |
| AU3116397A (en) * | 1996-04-30 | 1997-11-19 | W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Integral ion-exchange composite membranes |
| US6130175A (en) * | 1997-04-29 | 2000-10-10 | Gore Enterprise Holdings, Inc. | Integral multi-layered ion-exchange composite membranes |
| WO1999038897A1 (fr) * | 1998-01-30 | 1999-08-05 | Hydro-Quebec | Polymeres sulfones reticules et leur procede de preparation |
| US6409314B1 (en) | 1998-01-30 | 2002-06-25 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Image forming device and image forming method |
| ITMI20010384A1 (it) * | 2001-02-26 | 2002-08-26 | Ausimont Spa | Membrane idrofiliche porose |
| ITMI20011745A1 (it) * | 2001-08-09 | 2003-02-09 | Ausimont Spa | Processo per impregnare supporti |
-
2001
- 2001-08-09 IT IT2001MI001745A patent/ITMI20011745A1/it unknown
-
2002
- 2002-07-26 DE DE60206573T patent/DE60206573T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-26 EP EP02016757A patent/EP1285688B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-09 US US10/214,730 patent/US6939581B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-08-09 JP JP2002233712A patent/JP4293765B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-06-14 US US11/151,314 patent/US20050238813A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1285688A1 (en) | 2003-02-26 |
| ITMI20011745A0 (it) | 2001-08-09 |
| US6939581B2 (en) | 2005-09-06 |
| US20050238813A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
| JP2003128833A (ja) | 2003-05-08 |
| DE60206573D1 (de) | 2006-02-23 |
| DE60206573T2 (de) | 2006-06-22 |
| EP1285688B1 (en) | 2005-10-12 |
| US20030035898A1 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
| JP4293765B2 (ja) | 2009-07-08 |
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