IT1223808B - Parte di linea di scappamento particolarmente per motori a combustione interna - Google Patents

Parte di linea di scappamento particolarmente per motori a combustione interna

Info

Publication number
IT1223808B
IT1223808B IT67801/88A IT6780188A IT1223808B IT 1223808 B IT1223808 B IT 1223808B IT 67801/88 A IT67801/88 A IT 67801/88A IT 6780188 A IT6780188 A IT 6780188A IT 1223808 B IT1223808 B IT 1223808B
Authority
IT
Italy
Prior art keywords
internal combustion
combustion engines
exhaust line
line part
part particularly
Prior art date
Application number
IT67801/88A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
IT8867801A0 (it
Inventor
Henri Lescher
Original Assignee
Glaenzer Spicer Sa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Glaenzer Spicer Sa filed Critical Glaenzer Spicer Sa
Publication of IT8867801A0 publication Critical patent/IT8867801A0/it
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of IT1223808B publication Critical patent/IT1223808B/it

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1838Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly characterised by the type of connection between parts of exhaust or silencing apparatus, e.g. between housing and tubes, between tubes and baffles
    • F01N13/1844Mechanical joints
    • F01N13/185Mechanical joints the connection being realised by deforming housing, tube, baffle, plate, or parts thereof
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/02Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using resonance
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/082Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling the gases passing through porous members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/085Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling using a central core throttling gas passage
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/12Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling using spirally or helically shaped channels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/12Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling using spirally or helically shaped channels
    • F01N1/125Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling using spirally or helically shaped channels in combination with sound-absorbing materials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/24Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using sound-absorbing materials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1805Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
    • F01N13/1811Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N13/1822Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration for fixing exhaust pipes or devices to vehicle body
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/02Energy absorbers; Noise absorbers
    • F16L55/033Noise absorbers
    • F16L55/0331Noise absorbers by inserting an elongated element in the pipe
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2310/00Selection of sound absorbing or insulating material
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2310/00Selection of sound absorbing or insulating material
    • F01N2310/10Plastic foam
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2450/00Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
    • F01N2450/20Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements by mechanical joints, e.g. by deforming housing, tube, baffle plate or parts thereof
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2450/00Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements
    • F01N2450/22Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements by welding or brazing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/02Tubes being perforated
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/06Tubes being formed by assembly of stamped or otherwise deformed sheet-metal
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/08Gas passages being formed between the walls of an outer shell and an inner chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/10Tubes having non-circular cross section
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/26Tubes being formed by extrusion, drawing or rolling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2490/00Structure, disposition or shape of gas-chambers
    • F01N2490/20Chambers being formed inside the exhaust pipe without enlargement of the cross section of the pipe, e.g. resonance chambers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2530/00Selection of materials for tubes, chambers or housings
    • F01N2530/02Corrosion resistive metals
    • F01N2530/04Steel alloys, e.g. stainless steel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2530/00Selection of materials for tubes, chambers or housings
    • F01N2530/06Aluminium or alloys thereof

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
IT67801/88A 1987-09-09 1988-09-08 Parte di linea di scappamento particolarmente per motori a combustione interna IT1223808B (it)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8712525A FR2620169B1 (fr) 1987-09-09 1987-09-09 Partie de ligne d'echappement, notamment pour moteur a combustion interne

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
IT8867801A0 IT8867801A0 (it) 1988-09-08
IT1223808B true IT1223808B (it) 1990-09-29

Family

ID=9354755

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
IT67801/88A IT1223808B (it) 1987-09-09 1988-09-08 Parte di linea di scappamento particolarmente per motori a combustione interna

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4993512A (it)
JP (1) JPH06102968B2 (it)
DE (1) DE3830489C2 (it)
ES (1) ES2010788A6 (it)
FR (1) FR2620169B1 (it)
GB (1) GB2209560B (it)
IT (1) IT1223808B (it)

Families Citing this family (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE502786C2 (sv) * 1991-11-26 1996-01-15 Volvo Ab Anordning för ljuddämpning i ett kanalsystem, i synnerhet i ett avgassystem för förbränningsmotorer
US5464952A (en) * 1993-11-26 1995-11-07 Acoust-A-Fiber Research And Development Inc. Shield between vehicle exhaust and passenger compartment
US5849251A (en) * 1995-07-17 1998-12-15 Timko; Mark Catalytic converter for a tailpipe including apparatus for relieving back pressure
NL1006635C2 (nl) * 1997-07-21 1999-01-25 Gerard De Jager Leiding.
US5941070A (en) * 1997-07-31 1999-08-24 Nelson Industries, Inc. Flexible sealed conduit system
WO2000045673A1 (en) * 1999-02-05 2000-08-10 Mccord Winn Textron, Inc. Pneumatic system sound attenuator
US6385967B1 (en) * 2000-05-31 2002-05-14 Shun-Lai Chen Exhaust pipe for motor vehicle muffler
FR2854427A1 (fr) * 2003-04-29 2004-11-05 Mig Production Silencieux pour gaz d'echappement de moteurs a combustion interne.
US7293628B2 (en) * 2004-05-17 2007-11-13 Calsonic Kansei Corporation Shell main body for muffler
US20060157295A1 (en) * 2005-01-14 2006-07-20 Ziehl John C Combination muffler and spark arrester
JP2007297986A (ja) * 2006-05-01 2007-11-15 Yamaha Motor Co Ltd 排気装置およびその排気装置を備えた車両
DE102006035755A1 (de) * 2006-08-01 2008-02-07 Contitech Kühner Gmbh & Cie. Kg Vorrichtung zur Schalldämpfung in einem Rohrkanal
JP2008062849A (ja) * 2006-09-08 2008-03-21 Toyota Industries Corp 産業車両の排気構造
US7905321B2 (en) * 2007-02-12 2011-03-15 Ballard Iii Ebbin C Inserts for engine exhaust systems
US20080190689A1 (en) * 2007-02-12 2008-08-14 Ballard Ebbin C Inserts for engine exhaust systems
KR100755722B1 (ko) * 2007-03-08 2007-09-05 한국뉴매틱(주) 공압장치용 사일렌서
JP4853557B2 (ja) 2009-08-21 2012-01-11 トヨタ自動車株式会社 放射音低減構造
WO2014122283A1 (en) * 2013-02-11 2014-08-14 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. A pulsation damper suitable for hygienic processing lines
WO2014122282A1 (en) * 2013-02-11 2014-08-14 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. A pulsation damper suitable for hygienic processing lines
RU2553591C1 (ru) * 2014-07-22 2015-06-20 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Казанский национальный исследовательский технический университет им. А.Н. Туполева-КАИ" (КНИТУ-КАИ) Устройство очистки отработанных газов
GB2528950A (en) * 2014-08-06 2016-02-10 Aaf Ltd Sound suppression apparatus
CN109854855B (zh) * 2018-12-26 2020-03-03 中航森瑞武汉新材料有限公司 一种中空螺旋消音排水管
US11898474B2 (en) * 2022-04-27 2024-02-13 John Ulishney Constant velocity muffler assembly

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GB144845A (en) * 1919-05-06 1920-06-24 Titeflex Metal Hose Corp Improvements in apparatus for silencing gaseous currents
US1554534A (en) * 1923-07-06 1925-09-22 Internat Silencer Company Ltd Silencer for gaseous currents
US1627324A (en) * 1925-06-12 1927-05-03 Internat Silencer Company 1926 Silencer for gaseous currents
GB319626A (en) * 1928-06-18 1929-09-18 Samuel Newbigin Kent Improvements in or relating to guide plates or retarders for the tubes or coils of heat exchangers, exhaust silencers or the like
US2646854A (en) * 1948-09-22 1953-07-28 Walker George Bromhead Baffle type muffler having a plurality of helical passages
US2613758A (en) * 1948-10-14 1952-10-14 Cullum Douglas Jack Wayth Baffle type muffler with sound absorbing material
CH313645A (de) * 1952-12-22 1956-04-30 Passerini Pietro Schalldämpfungsvorrichtung für Explosionsmotoren
GB765639A (en) * 1954-03-16 1957-01-09 Marceau Paul Henri Therese Improvements relating to silencers for motor vehicle and other internal combustion engines
US2911055A (en) * 1957-12-13 1959-11-03 Mcdonald William Engine exhaust silencer
US2990906A (en) * 1958-10-08 1961-07-04 Koppers Co Inc Acoustic absorber
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FR1301056A (fr) * 1961-08-02 1962-08-10 Arvin Ind Inc Conduit à gaz réalisant l'atténuation des sons
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DE1954319A1 (de) * 1969-10-29 1971-05-06 Rudolf Heberlein Auspufftopf fuer Brennkraftmaschinen
US3580357A (en) * 1970-05-22 1971-05-25 Gen Motors Corp Wave interference silencing system
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DE2323587B2 (de) * 1973-05-10 1977-12-15 Gebrüder Thielmann, 6341 Sechshelden Schalldaempfer
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JPS5248263U (it) * 1975-10-03 1977-04-06
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FR2547623B1 (fr) * 1983-06-15 1985-10-11 Luchaire Ind Echappements Dispositif de conduite d'un fluide, notamment silencieux

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH01159407A (ja) 1989-06-22
GB2209560B (en) 1992-05-06
ES2010788A6 (es) 1989-12-01
DE3830489A1 (de) 1989-03-30
DE3830489C2 (de) 1994-08-25
GB8820898D0 (en) 1988-10-05
FR2620169A1 (fr) 1989-03-10
US4993512A (en) 1991-02-19
GB2209560A (en) 1989-05-17
FR2620169B1 (fr) 1990-07-20
IT8867801A0 (it) 1988-09-08
JPH06102968B2 (ja) 1994-12-14

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