IL115867A - Organic fuel cell methods and apparatus - Google Patents

Organic fuel cell methods and apparatus

Info

Publication number
IL115867A
IL115867A IL11586795A IL11586795A IL115867A IL 115867 A IL115867 A IL 115867A IL 11586795 A IL11586795 A IL 11586795A IL 11586795 A IL11586795 A IL 11586795A IL 115867 A IL115867 A IL 115867A
Authority
IL
Israel
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
organic fuel
cell methods
methods
organic
Prior art date
Application number
IL11586795A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
IL115867A0 (en
Original Assignee
Univ Southern California
California Inst Of Techn
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=27170342&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=IL115867(A) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority to BR9408623A priority Critical patent/BR9408623A/pt
Priority to CNA2005100041553A priority patent/CN1638176A/zh
Priority to EP04019942A priority patent/EP1498972A3/de
Priority to CA002203153A priority patent/CA2203153A1/en
Priority to EP04019940A priority patent/EP1489674A3/de
Priority to EP04019949A priority patent/EP1519432A3/de
Priority to EP04019941A priority patent/EP1489676A3/de
Priority to JP51318696A priority patent/JP3795920B2/ja
Priority to EP04019945A priority patent/EP1498975A3/de
Priority to DE69435082T priority patent/DE69435082T2/de
Priority to EP04019943A priority patent/EP1507303A1/de
Priority to EP04019947A priority patent/EP1508931A1/de
Priority to EP04019948A priority patent/EP1507304A1/de
Priority to EP02025417A priority patent/EP1291950A3/de
Priority to EP04019946A priority patent/EP1508930A1/de
Priority to KR1019970702571A priority patent/KR100372029B1/ko
Priority to EP04019944A priority patent/EP1498973A1/de
Priority to EP95900379A priority patent/EP0755576B1/de
Priority to PCT/US1994/011911 priority patent/WO1996012317A1/en
Priority to AU81219/94A priority patent/AU716164B2/en
Priority to DE0755576T priority patent/DE755576T1/de
Priority to IL12766295A priority patent/IL127662A/xx
Priority to IL11586795A priority patent/IL115867A/xx
Application filed by Univ Southern California, California Inst Of Techn filed Critical Univ Southern California
Publication of IL115867A0 publication Critical patent/IL115867A0/xx
Publication of IL115867A publication Critical patent/IL115867A/xx
Priority to CN01135489A priority patent/CN1411087A/zh
Priority to KR1020020029703A priority patent/KR100382802B1/ko
Priority to KR1020020029700A priority patent/KR100382800B1/ko
Priority to KR1020020029701A priority patent/KR100382801B1/ko
Priority to JP2002330037A priority patent/JP2003178762A/ja
Priority to JP2004242847A priority patent/JP2004327457A/ja
Priority to JP2004242836A priority patent/JP2004363114A/ja
Priority to JP2004242841A priority patent/JP4317802B2/ja
Priority to JP2004242827A priority patent/JP2004363113A/ja
Priority to JP2005132676A priority patent/JP2005285777A/ja
Priority to JP2005160572A priority patent/JP2005268234A/ja

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
    • H01M4/8853—Electrodeposition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
    • H01M4/8892—Impregnation or coating of the catalyst layer, e.g. by an ionomer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
    • H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
    • H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
    • H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
    • H01M4/928—Unsupported catalytic particles; loose particulate catalytic materials, e.g. in fluidised state
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
    • H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/1039—Polymeric electrolyte materials halogenated, e.g. sulfonated polyvinylidene fluorides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
    • H01M8/1046—Mixtures of at least one polymer and at least one additive
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2455—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with liquid, solid or electrolyte-charged reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M2004/8678—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/8684—Negative electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)
IL11586795A 1994-10-18 1995-11-03 Organic fuel cell methods and apparatus IL115867A (en)

Priority Applications (34)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95900379A EP0755576B1 (de) 1994-10-18 1994-10-18 Organische brennstoffzelle, verfahren zum betrieb der zelle und herstellung einer elektrode dafür
AU81219/94A AU716164B2 (en) 1994-10-18 1994-10-18 Organic fuel cell, and methods of operation thereof and manufacture of electrode therefor
EP04019942A EP1498972A3 (de) 1994-10-18 1994-10-18 Organische Brennstoffzelle mit Wasserrückgewinnungssystem
PCT/US1994/011911 WO1996012317A1 (en) 1994-10-18 1994-10-18 Organic fuel cell, and methods of operation thereof and manufacture of electrode therefor
EP04019940A EP1489674A3 (de) 1994-10-18 1994-10-18 Organische Brennstoffzelle mit Luftverteiler
EP04019949A EP1519432A3 (de) 1994-10-18 1994-10-18 Elektrode
EP04019941A EP1489676A3 (de) 1994-10-18 1994-10-18 Organische Brennstoffzelle mit Gas-Separator
JP51318696A JP3795920B2 (ja) 1994-10-18 1994-10-18 有機燃料電池
EP04019945A EP1498975A3 (de) 1994-10-18 1994-10-18 Organische Brennstoffzelle mit gemindertem Reaktantenübertritt
DE69435082T DE69435082T2 (de) 1994-10-18 1994-10-18 Organische brennstoffzelle, verfahren zum betrieb der zelle und herstellung einer elektrode dafür
EP04019943A EP1507303A1 (de) 1994-10-18 1994-10-18 Organische Brennstoffzelle mit verbesserten Membranen
EP04019947A EP1508931A1 (de) 1994-10-18 1994-10-18 Organische Brennstoffzelle mit verbesserter Anode
EP04019948A EP1507304A1 (de) 1994-10-18 1994-10-18 Organisches Brennstoffzellensystem und dessen Betriebsverfahren
CNA2005100041553A CN1638176A (zh) 1994-10-18 1994-10-18 有机燃料电池及其运行方法和电极制作方法
EP04019946A EP1508930A1 (de) 1994-10-18 1994-10-18 Organische Brennstoffzelle mit ionenaustauschender Membran
KR1019970702571A KR100372029B1 (ko) 1994-10-18 1994-10-18 유기연료전지
EP04019944A EP1498973A1 (de) 1994-10-18 1994-10-18 Organische Brennstoffzelle mit Elektrokatalysator-Zusatz
BR9408623A BR9408623A (pt) 1994-10-18 1994-10-18 Célula de combustível orgãnica e métodos de sua operação e fabricação de eletrodo para ela
CA002203153A CA2203153A1 (en) 1994-10-18 1994-10-18 Organic fuel cell, and methods of operation thereof and manufacture of electrode therefor
EP02025417A EP1291950A3 (de) 1994-10-18 1994-10-18 Organische Brennstoffzelle und Verfahren zum Betrieb der Zelle
DE0755576T DE755576T1 (de) 1994-10-18 1994-10-18 Organische brennstoffzelle, verfahren zum betrieb der zelle und herstellung einer elektrode dafür
IL12766295A IL127662A (en) 1994-10-18 1995-11-03 Liquid feed fuel cell
IL11586795A IL115867A (en) 1994-10-18 1995-11-03 Organic fuel cell methods and apparatus
CN01135489A CN1411087A (zh) 1994-10-18 2001-10-10 加工由粘合剂担载的大表面碳粒子构成的碳结构的方法
KR1020020029701A KR100382801B1 (ko) 1994-10-18 2002-05-28 연료 전지용 전극의 제조 방법 및 이로부터 제조된 전극
KR1020020029700A KR100382800B1 (ko) 1994-10-18 2002-05-28 탄소 전극 구조체의 처리방법 및 이로부터 처리된 탄소전극 구조체
KR1020020029703A KR100382802B1 (ko) 1994-10-18 2002-05-28 개선된 연료를 사용하는 액체 공급 연료 전지
JP2002330037A JP2003178762A (ja) 1994-10-18 2002-11-13 燃料電池用の電極および燃料
JP2004242847A JP2004327457A (ja) 1994-10-18 2004-08-23 電極およびその製造方法
JP2004242836A JP2004363114A (ja) 1994-10-18 2004-08-23 燃料電池およびその作動方法
JP2004242841A JP4317802B2 (ja) 1994-10-18 2004-08-23 燃料電池システムおよびその作動方法
JP2004242827A JP2004363113A (ja) 1994-10-18 2004-08-23 燃料電池並びにその形成方法および作動方法
JP2005132676A JP2005285777A (ja) 1994-10-18 2005-04-28 有機燃料電池
JP2005160572A JP2005268234A (ja) 1994-10-18 2005-05-31 液体供給型燃料電池用の電極の製法

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002203153A CA2203153A1 (en) 1994-10-18 1994-10-18 Organic fuel cell, and methods of operation thereof and manufacture of electrode therefor
PCT/US1994/011911 WO1996012317A1 (en) 1994-10-18 1994-10-18 Organic fuel cell, and methods of operation thereof and manufacture of electrode therefor
IL11586795A IL115867A (en) 1994-10-18 1995-11-03 Organic fuel cell methods and apparatus

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
IL115867A0 IL115867A0 (en) 1996-01-31
IL115867A true IL115867A (en) 1999-06-20

Family

ID=27170342

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
IL11586795A IL115867A (en) 1994-10-18 1995-11-03 Organic fuel cell methods and apparatus
IL12766295A IL127662A (en) 1994-10-18 1995-11-03 Liquid feed fuel cell

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
IL12766295A IL127662A (en) 1994-10-18 1995-11-03 Liquid feed fuel cell

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (12) EP0755576B1 (de)
JP (8) JP3795920B2 (de)
KR (4) KR100372029B1 (de)
CN (2) CN1638176A (de)
AU (1) AU716164B2 (de)
BR (1) BR9408623A (de)
CA (1) CA2203153A1 (de)
DE (2) DE69435082T2 (de)
IL (2) IL115867A (de)
WO (1) WO1996012317A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (64)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US5672438A (en) * 1995-10-10 1997-09-30 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Membrane and electrode assembly employing exclusion membrane for direct methanol fuel cell
US5795496A (en) * 1995-11-22 1998-08-18 California Institute Of Technology Polymer material for electrolytic membranes in fuel cells
WO1997050141A1 (de) * 1996-06-26 1997-12-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Anode für eine direkt-methanol-brennstoffzelle
US6444343B1 (en) 1996-11-18 2002-09-03 University Of Southern California Polymer electrolyte membranes for use in fuel cells
US5981097A (en) * 1996-12-23 1999-11-09 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Multiple layer membranes for fuel cells employing direct feed fuels
DE19701560C2 (de) * 1997-01-17 1998-12-24 Dbb Fuel Cell Engines Gmbh Brennstoffzellensystem
US5904740A (en) * 1997-06-03 1999-05-18 Motorola, Inc. Fuel for liquid feed fuel cells
ATE217122T1 (de) * 1998-02-25 2002-05-15 Ballard Power Systems Direkt dimethylether-brennstoffzellen
US6074773A (en) 1998-03-06 2000-06-13 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Impregnation of microporous electrocatalyst particles for improving performance in an electrochemical fuel cell
US6548202B2 (en) 1998-03-06 2003-04-15 Ballard Power System, Inc. Carbon-supported catalysts for fuel cells
US6500571B2 (en) 1998-08-19 2002-12-31 Powerzyme, Inc. Enzymatic fuel cell
CA2347033A1 (en) * 1998-10-16 2000-04-27 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Ionomer impregnation of electrode substrates for improved fuel cell performance
US6153323A (en) 1998-10-16 2000-11-28 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Electrode treatment method for improving performance in liquid feed fuel cells
US6263745B1 (en) 1999-12-03 2001-07-24 Xy, Inc. Flow cytometer nozzle and flow cytometer sample handling methods
US6844097B2 (en) * 2000-08-11 2005-01-18 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Solid polymer type fuel cell
KR100407793B1 (ko) * 2001-09-04 2003-12-01 한국과학기술연구원 분리능이 있는 수소 이온 교환 복합막, 복합 용액, 그제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 연료전지
JP2003242989A (ja) * 2002-02-13 2003-08-29 Hitachi Maxell Ltd 燃料電池
GB2420219C (en) * 2002-04-04 2009-06-11 Univ Illinois Fuel cells and fuel cell catalysts
US7144476B2 (en) * 2002-04-12 2006-12-05 Sgl Carbon Ag Carbon fiber electrode substrate for electrochemical cells
AU2003241776A1 (en) * 2002-05-28 2003-12-12 Gs Yuasa Corporation Liquid fuel type fuel cell system and its operating method
JP2006080092A (ja) * 2002-06-12 2006-03-23 Toshiba Corp 直接型メタノール燃料電池システム、燃料カートリッジ及び燃料カートリッジ用メモリ
JP3748434B2 (ja) 2002-06-12 2006-02-22 株式会社東芝 直接型メタノール燃料電池システム及び燃料カートリッジ
JP3744474B2 (ja) * 2002-06-28 2006-02-08 日本電気株式会社 固体電解質型燃料電池用燃料、固体電解質型燃料電池およびその使用方法
WO2004019439A1 (ja) 2002-07-25 2004-03-04 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. 電解質膜とこれを用いた膜電極接合体および燃料電池
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