IDP000022813A - Komposisi minyak pelumas untuk refrigerator dan metoda pelumasan dengan komposisi tersebut - Google Patents

Komposisi minyak pelumas untuk refrigerator dan metoda pelumasan dengan komposisi tersebut

Info

Publication number
IDP000022813A
IDP000022813A IDW990432A IDW00199900432A IDP000022813A ID P000022813 A IDP000022813 A ID P000022813A ID W990432 A IDW990432 A ID W990432A ID W00199900432 A IDW00199900432 A ID W00199900432A ID P000022813 A IDP000022813 A ID P000022813A
Authority
ID
Indonesia
Prior art keywords
lubrication
composition
refrigerator
oil composition
oil
Prior art date
Application number
IDW990432A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Satoshi Nagao
Toyokazu Handa
Original Assignee
Idemitsu Kosan Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP31609496A external-priority patent/JP3545143B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP31609596A external-priority patent/JP3347614B2/ja
Application filed by Idemitsu Kosan Co filed Critical Idemitsu Kosan Co
Publication of IDP000022813A publication Critical patent/IDP000022813A/id

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/008Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M101/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
    • C10M101/02Petroleum fractions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/042Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102Aliphatic fractions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/107Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of two or more specified different alkylene oxides covered by groups C10M2209/104 - C10M2209/106
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/107Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of two or more specified different alkylene oxides covered by groups C10M2209/104 - C10M2209/106
    • C10M2209/1075Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of two or more specified different alkylene oxides covered by groups C10M2209/104 - C10M2209/106 used as base material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/108Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups etherified
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/108Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups etherified
    • C10M2209/1085Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups etherified used as base material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/109Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/109Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified
    • C10M2209/1095Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified used as base material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01Physico-chemical properties
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/09Characteristics associated with water
    • C10N2020/097Refrigerants
    • C10N2020/103Containing Hydrocarbons
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/30Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/32Wires, ropes or cables lubricants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/34Lubricating-sealants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/36Release agents or mold release agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/38Conveyors or chain belts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/40Generators or electric motors in oil or gas winning field
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/42Flashing oils or marking oils
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/44Super vacuum or supercritical use
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/50Medical uses

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
IDW990432A 1996-11-27 1997-11-17 Komposisi minyak pelumas untuk refrigerator dan metoda pelumasan dengan komposisi tersebut IDP000022813A (id)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP31609496A JP3545143B2 (ja) 1996-11-27 1996-11-27 冷凍機用潤滑油組成物及び該組成物を用いた潤滑方法
JP31609596A JP3347614B2 (ja) 1996-11-27 1996-11-27 冷凍機油組成物及び該組成物を用いた潤滑方法

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
IDP000022813A true IDP000022813A (id) 1999-12-09

Family

ID=26568533

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
IDW990432A IDP000022813A (id) 1996-11-27 1997-11-17 Komposisi minyak pelumas untuk refrigerator dan metoda pelumasan dengan komposisi tersebut

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (2) US6248256B1 (id)
EP (2) EP2284247A3 (id)
KR (1) KR100476400B1 (id)
CN (1) CN1096496C (id)
AU (1) AU730693B2 (id)
HK (1) HK1025990A1 (id)
ID (1) IDP000022813A (id)
MY (1) MY117385A (id)
TW (1) TW380160B (id)
WO (1) WO1998023710A1 (id)

Families Citing this family (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19880588D2 (de) * 1997-05-07 2000-04-13 Rwe Dea Ag Polyalkylenglykole als Schmiermittel für CO¶2¶-Kältemaschinen
GB9823455D0 (en) * 1998-10-28 1998-12-23 Ici Plc Lubricants
EP1092760B1 (en) * 1999-04-02 2005-02-09 Japan Energy Corporation Lubricant for vapor compression refrigerator using hydrocarbon coolant
CN1100857C (zh) * 1999-04-28 2003-02-05 中国科学院广州化学研究所 一种冷冻机润滑油及用途
JP2001192684A (ja) * 2000-01-12 2001-07-17 Japan Energy Corp アンモニア冷凍装置
JP2001200285A (ja) 2000-01-21 2001-07-24 Japan Energy Corp アンモニア冷媒を使用する冷凍機用潤滑剤
JP4012441B2 (ja) * 2002-07-11 2007-11-21 株式会社ジャパンエナジー 冷媒圧縮式冷凍サイクル装置用潤滑油及び作動媒体
US6742357B1 (en) * 2003-03-18 2004-06-01 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Integrated multiple-loop refrigeration process for gas liquefaction
JP4667761B2 (ja) * 2004-04-02 2011-04-13 出光興産株式会社 冷凍機油組成物
EP2428553B1 (en) 2006-07-06 2013-05-22 Nippon Oil Corporation Lubricating oil composition
KR100829771B1 (ko) 2007-05-17 2008-05-16 한국화학연구원 저급 탄화수소 냉매용 냉동유 조성물
EP2128230A1 (en) * 2008-05-20 2009-12-02 Solvay Solexis S.p.A. Method for lubricating wind turbine gearbox
CN102264877B (zh) * 2008-12-23 2014-12-10 瑞弗化工有限公司 制冷润滑剂组合物
US20150252240A1 (en) * 2010-01-25 2015-09-10 Arkema Inc. Heat transfer composition of oxygenated lubricant with hydrofluoroolefin and hydrochlorofluoroolefin refigerants
JP5759696B2 (ja) * 2010-09-28 2015-08-05 出光興産株式会社 圧縮型冷凍機用潤滑油組成物
JP2012233091A (ja) * 2011-05-02 2012-11-29 Asahi Glass Co Ltd 炭化水素冷媒用の潤滑油基油
US8721916B2 (en) * 2011-05-12 2014-05-13 A.S. Trust & Holdings Inc. Refrigerant composition
CN103089570A (zh) * 2011-10-27 2013-05-08 广东美芝制冷设备有限公司 压缩机
BR102013032982A2 (pt) * 2013-12-20 2015-09-08 Whirlpool Sa óleo, composição lubrificante com lubricidade melhorada e coeficiente de desempenho aumentado, usos e máquina de refrigeração
CN105916958A (zh) 2014-01-16 2016-08-31 瑞孚化工产品有限公司 干燥的合成制冷润滑剂组合物
EP3243893B1 (en) * 2016-05-10 2023-07-19 Trane International Inc. Lubricant blends to reduce refrigerant solubility

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3642634A (en) * 1970-01-16 1972-02-15 Chevron Res Refrigeration lubricating oil
US4046533A (en) * 1972-12-21 1977-09-06 Chevron Research Company Refrigeration working fluid containing branched chain alkylbenzene lubricant
DE2345540A1 (de) * 1973-09-10 1975-04-24 Linde Ag Synthetische oele als schmiermittel
US4199461A (en) * 1977-02-14 1980-04-22 Chevron Research Company Refrigeration oil containing wear-inhibiting amounts of an aryl phosphate-fatty acid combination
JPS5876497A (ja) 1981-11-02 1983-05-09 Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd 安定性にすぐれた冷凍機油
FR2563615B1 (fr) * 1984-04-25 1987-02-13 Inst Francais Du Petrole Nouveau procede de production de froid et/ou de chaleur a absorption utilisant un melange de plusieurs constituants comme fluide de travail
DE9209459U1 (id) 1992-07-15 1992-11-19 Dkk Scharfenstein Gmbh I.L., O-9366 Scharfenstein, De
AU666505B2 (en) * 1992-11-27 1996-02-15 Japan Energy Corporation Ammonia refrigerating machine, working fluid composition for use in refrigerating machine, and method for lubricating ammonia refrigerating machine.
JPH07173479A (ja) * 1993-11-05 1995-07-11 Japan Energy Corp 弗化炭化水素系冷媒圧縮機用潤滑油、同潤滑油を用いる弗化炭化水素系冷媒圧縮機潤滑方法及び弗化炭化水素系冷媒圧縮機用作動流体組成物
DE4404804A1 (de) * 1994-02-16 1995-08-17 Hoechst Ag Verwendung von Polyoxalkylenglykolen in NH¶3¶-Kälteanlagen
JPH08209163A (ja) * 1994-10-28 1996-08-13 Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd 炭化水素系冷媒組成物
JP2945844B2 (ja) * 1994-12-16 1999-09-06 松下冷機株式会社 冷凍装置
JP4112645B2 (ja) 1996-02-05 2008-07-02 出光興産株式会社 圧縮型冷凍機用潤滑油

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HK1025990A1 (en) 2000-12-01
US20010020695A1 (en) 2001-09-13
CN1096496C (zh) 2002-12-18
EP0959121A4 (id) 1999-12-01
WO1998023710A1 (fr) 1998-06-04
US6495062B2 (en) 2002-12-17
EP0959121A1 (en) 1999-11-24
AU4966397A (en) 1998-06-22
EP2284247A3 (en) 2011-03-23
US6248256B1 (en) 2001-06-19
TW380160B (en) 2000-01-21
EP2284247A2 (en) 2011-02-16
MY117385A (en) 2004-06-30
AU730693B2 (en) 2001-03-15
KR20000057272A (ko) 2000-09-15
CN1245523A (zh) 2000-02-23
KR100476400B1 (ko) 2005-03-16

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