CN1100857C - 一种冷冻机润滑油及用途 - Google Patents

一种冷冻机润滑油及用途 Download PDF

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CN1100857C
CN1100857C CN99116160A CN99116160A CN1100857C CN 1100857 C CN1100857 C CN 1100857C CN 99116160 A CN99116160 A CN 99116160A CN 99116160 A CN99116160 A CN 99116160A CN 1100857 C CN1100857 C CN 1100857C
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lubricating oil
acid ester
agent
oil
fatty acid
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CN1235191A (zh
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杨映松
诸泉
石丽玲
姚志强
卢钟鹤
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Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry of CAS
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Abstract

本发明涉及冷冻机制冷体系,润滑油。一种聚醚醇脂肪酸酯作为基础油,在加入若干种添加剂后可作为冷冻机润滑油,与二元/多元氟代烷烃类混合制冷新工质构成对大气臭氧层无破坏作用的新制冷体系。经过压缩机寿命试验、机械磨损试验、循环台试验,证明该类润滑油与二元/多元氟代烷烃类混合工质相容性良好,且具有良好的稳定性、润滑性能;组成的制冷体系性能系数、单位容积制冷量、压缩机总效率等主要技术参数都优于传统的矿物油/R22制冷系统。

Description

一种冷冻机润滑油及用途
本发明属于冷冻机制冷体系、润滑油。
现有技术中广泛应用的制冷体系是以氟氯烃作制冷剂,但近年来发现氟氯烃类物质对大气臭氧层有破坏作用,国际蒙特利尔协议对此已作出限制。HCFC-22(R22,二氟一氯甲烷)是现有空调和热泵的主要工质,以烷基苯为润滑油,其用量甚至超过CFC-12(R12,二氟二氯甲烷),也属于将要禁用的物质。因此寻找R22的替代工质的工作已经广泛开展,综合各方面因素比较而言,氟代烃类混合物中R32(二氟甲烷)/R134a(1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷)二元混合工质或R32/R125(五氟乙烷)/R134a三元混合工质是综合性能较好的替代工质,它们在性能系数,单位体积制冷量,压缩机总效率等主要技术指标上全面优于R22,而它们的冷凝压力、蒸发压力和压力比都与R22相当,很适宜作为R22的替代工质。但使用上述混合工质作制冷剂,因与烷基苯油的相溶性很差,使烷基苯在冷冻循环管路中积累起来,使冷冻系统热能传递效率降低,增加能耗,而制冷压缩机会因得不到足够的润滑油而烧毁,因此必须寻找一种能与上述混合工质互溶的润滑油。
本发明的目的是提供一种能与上述混合工质很好相溶,可以提高制冷系统的传热制冷效果的润滑油。
本发明所提供的润滑油的基础油是一种共聚醚醇脂肪酸酯类基础油,其酯类分子两端分别具有酯基和醚基,而现有技术中一般的聚醚类基础油或多元醇酯类基础油的分子末端分别只具有醚基或酯基,由于这种分子结构的差异就使本发明所提供的基础油具有优异的综合性能。本发明所述的润滑油以共聚醚醇脂肪酸酯类作为基础油,添加抗磨添加剂、抗氧剂、防锈剂、金属减活剂及氢离子捕捉剂,配合组成包括(以重量份数表示):
    主剂—共聚醚醇脂肪酸酯          100
    抗磨剂                          0.5-2.0
    抗氧剂                          0.05-2.0
    防锈剂和金属减活剂              0.01-1.0
    氢离子捕捉剂                    1.0-5.0
上述组成中抗磨剂是磷酸酯、亚磷酸酯、二烷基二硫代硫酸锌、聚四氟乙烯,较适宜添加量为0.5-1.5;抗氧剂是酚噻嗪、N-苯基-α-萘胺、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚或4,4’-硫代双-(6-特丁基间甲酚),较适宜添加量为0.1-0.5;防锈剂和金属减活剂是苯并三唑及其衍生物或吡咯,较适宜添加量为0.05-0.10;氢离子捕捉剂是苯基缩水甘油醚、环氧植物油,添加量为0.5-2.0。
上述润滑油能与R32/R134a或R32/R125/R134a混合工质相容,达到制冷体系提高传热效率和制冷效果的目的,使二元/多元新工质制冷体系可以达到实际应用的要求。
本发明上述的润滑油“GE-3”通过了中山市威力空调器厂中心实验室的“润滑油对R32/R134a的相容性及其对寿命试验的影响”试验,结果如下:润滑油“GE-3”运转前后的基本性能
                                          运转前          运转后
粘度(mm2/s,40℃/100℃)                 49.38/9.39     47.79/9.06
酸值(mgKOH/g)                               0.10            0.08
羟值(mgKOH/g)                              13.51            6.03润滑油“GE-3”压缩机寿命试验
压缩机性能               寿命试验前          寿命试验后
  功率(W)                   954.6                930.7
  冷量(W)                   2744                 2753
  能效比                    2.88                 2.96压缩机汽缸磨损情况:磨损后汽缸的内壁粗糙度(μm)
   1                2                3              4
  0.54             0.63             0.55          0.57
  0.57             0.55             0.65          0.62
  0.57             0.52             0.55          0.62
  0.56             0.60             0.53          0.54检测结论:
“GE-3”与R32/R134a在-35℃~70℃范围内完全互溶。从寿命试验前后压缩机性能数据可知变化不大,寿命试验合格;从试验后压缩机内壁磨损情况可知样品“GE-3”润滑性能良好,可作为一种替代R22烷基苯油的润滑油。
润滑油“GE-29”还提供给中国科学院广州能源研究所作为R32/R125/R134a三元混合工质制冷体系的润滑油,通过压缩机制热工况、空调工况和冷热联供等不同运转方式,与R22/烷基苯油制冷体系进行了比较,结果如下:压缩机运转情况表(与R22比较)
                          制热工况           空调工况        冷热联供
                        R22  混合工质      R22  混合工质     R22  混合工质压缩机功率(KW)              3.142   3.125     2.752    2.767     2.800    2.788
压缩比                  3.27    3.74      3.03     3.24      2.93     3.26制冷量(KW)               6.881   7.125     5.910    6.309     6.874    7.109供热量(KW)               9.803   10.094    8.626    8.993     9.468    9.843制冷性能系数             2.19    2.28      2.15     2.28      2.46     2.55供热性能系数             3.12    3.23      3.13     3.25      3.38     3.58注:混合工质为R32/R134a/R125润滑油“GE-29”运转前后的基本性能
                                           运转前           运转后
 粘度(mm2/s,40℃/100℃)                  28.72/6.49       26.59/6.55
     酸值(mgKOH/g)                         0.11             0.10
     羟值(mgKOH/g)                         11.50            5.93
实验结果表明,该三元混合工质(使用润滑油“GE-29”)与纯工质R22(使用矿物油作润滑油)相比,循环性能系数COP上升4.5~6.0%,单位容积制冷量上升3.5~6.0%,压缩机排气温度均下降,说明该制冷体系可以替代R22体系,而润滑油“GE-29”的润滑性能也十分优异。
润滑油“GE-3-01”、“GE-3-02”还通过了中国石油化工销售公司上海商品研究所的磨损实验,与进口SW-80润滑油及多元醇酯类润滑油KY-100比较如下表:
    样品             轴失重(mg)          v块失重(mg)        磨损系数
    SW-80              36.7                 1.9                22
    KY-100             5.1                  1.0                15
    GE-3-01            6.8                  0.3                5
    GE-3-02            2.8                  0.5                6实验条件:400LB、30min结果可以证实上述润滑油的润滑性能优异。
实施例1:润滑油“GE-3”组成:
                组份                                 phrC4H9O(CH2CH2O)n(CH2CH(CH3)O)mOCCH3           100亚磷酸二月桂酯                                           0.8二烷基二硫代硫酸锌                                       0.54,4’-硫代双-(6-特丁基间甲酚)                           0.5苯并三唑                                                 0.05苯基缩水甘油醚                                           1.5
实施例2:润滑油“GE-29”组成:
              组份                                   phrC2H5O(CH2CH2O)n(CH2CH(CH3)O)mOC3H7          100亚磷酸二月桂酯                                           1.0二烷基二硫代硫酸锌                                       0.52,6-二叔丁基对甲酚                                      0.5苯并三唑                                                 0.05苯基缩水甘油醚                                           1.5
实施例3:润滑油“GE-3-01”组成:
            组分                                     phrC4H9O(CH2CH2O)n(CH2CH(CH3)O)mOCC3H7         100聚四氟乙烯                                               1.0亚磷酸二月桂酯                                           2.0十二胺                                                   2.04,4’-硫代双-(6-特丁基间甲酚)                           0.2苯并三唑                                                 0.05苯基缩水甘油醚                                           2.0
实施例4:润滑油“GE-3-02”组成:
             组份                                    phrC2H5O(CH2CH2O)n(CH2CH(CH3)O)mOCCH3           100二烷基二硫代硫酸锌                                       2.0酚噻嗪                                                   0.1苯并三唑                                                 0.05聚四氟乙烯                                               0.1苯基缩水甘油醚                                           2.0

Claims (6)

1、一种冷冻机润滑油,其特征在于该润滑油由共聚醚醇脂肪酸酯为基础油,添加抗磨剂、抗氧剂、防锈剂、金属减活剂及氢离子捕捉剂配合组成,以重量份数表示包括:
主剂—共聚醚醇脂肪酸酯           100
抗磨剂                          0.5-2.0
抗氧剂                          0.05-2.0
防锈剂和金属减活剂               0.01-1.0
氢离子捕捉剂                    1.0-5.0。
2、根据权利要求1中所述的润滑油,其特征在于所述的抗磨剂可以是磷酸酯、亚磷酸酯、二烷基二硫代硫酸锌、聚四氟乙烯,添加量为0.5-1.5。
3、根据权利要求1中所述的润滑油,其特征在于所述的抗氧剂可以是酚噻嗪、N-苯基-α-萘胺、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚或4,4’-硫代双-(6-特丁基间甲酚),添加量为0.1-0.5。
4、根据权利要求1中所述的润滑油,其特征在于所述的防锈剂和金属减活剂可以是苯并三唑及其衍生物或吡咯,添加量为0.05-0.10。
5、根据权利要求1中所述的润滑油,其特征在于所述的氢离子捕捉剂可以是苯基缩水甘油醚、环氧植物油,添加量为0.5-2.0。
6、权利要求1中所述润滑油的用途,其特征在于该润滑油与R32/R134a或R32/R125/R134a混合工质互溶,组成制冷体系。
CN99116160A 1999-04-28 1999-04-28 一种冷冻机润滑油及用途 Expired - Fee Related CN1100857C (zh)

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JP5241263B2 (ja) * 2008-02-15 2013-07-17 出光興産株式会社 冷凍機用潤滑油組成物
CN102947410B (zh) * 2010-06-22 2016-11-09 阿科玛股份有限公司 具有多种氢氟烷和一种氢氟烯烃的热传递组合物
CN106398817A (zh) * 2016-08-30 2017-02-15 宝捷润滑油镇江有限公司 一种车用驱动桥齿轮润滑油及其制备方法
CN113652285A (zh) * 2021-09-07 2021-11-16 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 冷冻机油组合物及其制备方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1044492A (zh) * 1989-01-10 1990-08-08 陶氏化学公司 致冷压缩机用润滑油
CN1205029A (zh) * 1996-09-12 1999-01-13 株式会社日本能源 冷冻机油、冷冻机工作流体和冷冻系统的润滑方法
CN1245523A (zh) * 1996-11-27 2000-02-23 出光兴产株式会社 冷冻机用的润滑油组合物及使用该组合物的润滑方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1044492A (zh) * 1989-01-10 1990-08-08 陶氏化学公司 致冷压缩机用润滑油
CN1205029A (zh) * 1996-09-12 1999-01-13 株式会社日本能源 冷冻机油、冷冻机工作流体和冷冻系统的润滑方法
CN1245523A (zh) * 1996-11-27 2000-02-23 出光兴产株式会社 冷冻机用的润滑油组合物及使用该组合物的润滑方法

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