GB1495945A - Process for the preparation of diolefins from olefins - Google Patents

Process for the preparation of diolefins from olefins

Info

Publication number
GB1495945A
GB1495945A GB42727/74A GB4272774A GB1495945A GB 1495945 A GB1495945 A GB 1495945A GB 42727/74 A GB42727/74 A GB 42727/74A GB 4272774 A GB4272774 A GB 4272774A GB 1495945 A GB1495945 A GB 1495945A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
preparation
olefins
butene
oct
earth metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB42727/74A
Other languages
English (en)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Standard Oil Co
Original Assignee
Standard Oil Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Standard Oil Co filed Critical Standard Oil Co
Publication of GB1495945A publication Critical patent/GB1495945A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/88—Molybdenum
    • B01J23/887—Molybdenum containing in addition other metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/8873—Zinc, cadmium or mercury
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/88—Molybdenum
    • B01J23/887—Molybdenum containing in addition other metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/88—Molybdenum
    • B01J23/887—Molybdenum containing in addition other metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/8871—Rare earth metals or actinides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/88—Molybdenum
    • B01J23/887—Molybdenum containing in addition other metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/8872—Alkali or alkaline earth metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/88—Molybdenum
    • B01J23/887—Molybdenum containing in addition other metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/8874—Gallium, indium or thallium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/88—Molybdenum
    • B01J23/887—Molybdenum containing in addition other metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/8875—Germanium, tin or lead
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/88—Molybdenum
    • B01J23/887—Molybdenum containing in addition other metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/8876—Arsenic, antimony or bismuth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/88—Molybdenum
    • B01J23/887—Molybdenum containing in addition other metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/8877—Vanadium, tantalum, niobium or polonium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/88—Molybdenum
    • B01J23/887—Molybdenum containing in addition other metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/8878—Chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
    • C07C5/42—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor
    • C07C5/48—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
GB42727/74A 1973-10-12 1974-10-02 Process for the preparation of diolefins from olefins Expired GB1495945A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/405,940 US3932551A (en) 1973-10-12 1973-10-12 Process for the preparation of diolefins from olefins

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB1495945A true GB1495945A (en) 1977-12-21

Family

ID=23605856

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB42727/74A Expired GB1495945A (en) 1973-10-12 1974-10-02 Process for the preparation of diolefins from olefins

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3932551A (OSRAM)
JP (1) JPS5064202A (OSRAM)
BE (1) BE820970A (OSRAM)
CA (1) CA1037500A (OSRAM)
DE (1) DE2447825A1 (OSRAM)
FR (1) FR2247438B1 (OSRAM)
GB (1) GB1495945A (OSRAM)
IT (1) IT1022666B (OSRAM)
NL (1) NL7413249A (OSRAM)

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US4190556A (en) * 1973-07-19 1980-02-26 Standard Oil Company Production of unsaturated nitriles using catalysts promoted with various metals
GB1523772A (en) * 1974-07-22 1978-09-06 Standard Oil Co Oxidation catalysts
CA1071659A (en) * 1975-09-18 1980-02-12 Goodyear Tire And Rubber Company (The) Oxidative dehydrogenation of olefins to diolefins
IL55073A (en) * 1977-07-28 1982-01-31 Standard Oil Co Catalysts for the oxidation and ammoxidation of olefins
US4413155A (en) * 1977-12-20 1983-11-01 The Standard Oil Co. Ammoxidation of olefins with novel antimonate catalysts
US4232708A (en) 1979-06-25 1980-11-11 Trw Inc. Fluid controller
US4280928A (en) * 1979-10-12 1981-07-28 Rohm And Haas Company Catalyst compositions and their use for the preparation of methacrolein
JPS5867349A (ja) * 1981-10-20 1983-04-21 Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd 触媒組成物
US4511672A (en) * 1982-07-29 1985-04-16 Monsanto Company Catalyst and reverse disproportionation process
US4604244A (en) * 1983-01-03 1986-08-05 The Standard Oil Company Process for making adiponitrile precursors
US4547615A (en) * 1983-06-16 1985-10-15 Nippon Zeon Co. Ltd. Process for producing conjugated diolefins
US4657885A (en) * 1985-07-11 1987-04-14 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Cerium promoted Fischer-Tropsch catalysts
US4639431A (en) * 1985-07-11 1987-01-27 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch process for producing olefins
IT1252093B (it) * 1991-11-26 1995-06-01 Eniricerche Spa Catalizzatore e procedimento per la deidrogenazione ossidativa di etano ad etilene
DE10137534A1 (de) * 2001-08-01 2003-02-13 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Maleinsäureanhydrid
US9399606B2 (en) 2012-12-06 2016-07-26 Basf Se Catalyst and process for the oxidative dehydrogenation of N-butenes to butadiene
US10144681B2 (en) 2013-01-15 2018-12-04 Basf Se Process for the oxidative dehydrogenation of N-butenes to butadiene
KR20150105456A (ko) 2013-01-15 2015-09-16 바스프 에스이 산화성 탈수소화를 통해 n-부텐으로부터 1,3-부타디엔을 제조하는 방법
MY169081A (en) 2013-01-16 2019-02-14 Basf Se Method for producing butadiene by oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butenes by monitoring the peroxide-content during product processing
WO2015004042A2 (de) 2013-07-10 2015-01-15 Basf Se Verfahren zur oxidativen dehydrierung von n-butenen zu butadien
KR20160078357A (ko) 2013-10-30 2016-07-04 바스프 에스이 산화성 탈수소화에 의해 n-부텐으로부터 1,3-부타디엔을 제조하는 방법
EP3094611A1 (de) 2014-01-13 2016-11-23 Basf Se Verfahren zum anfahren eines reaktors zur oxidativen dehydrierung von n-butenen
DE102014203725A1 (de) 2014-02-28 2015-09-03 Basf Se Oxidationskatalysator mit sattelförmigem Trägerformkörper
CN105555399B (zh) * 2014-06-10 2018-05-29 Lg化学株式会社 制备多组分复合金属氧化物催化剂的方法
EP3180298B1 (de) 2014-08-12 2018-11-07 Basf Se Verfahren zur herstellung von 1,3-butadien aus n-butenen durch oxidative dehydrierung
EA201790690A1 (ru) 2014-09-26 2017-09-29 Басф Се Способ получения 1,3-бутадиена из n-бутенов путем окислительного дегидрирования
KR20170080642A (ko) 2014-11-03 2017-07-10 바스프 에스이 산화적 탈수소화에 의한 n-부텐으로부터 1,3-부타디엔의 제조 방법
EP3218334B1 (de) 2014-11-14 2018-09-26 Basf Se Verfahren zur herstellung von 1,3-butadien durch dehydrierung von n-butenen unter bereitstellung eines butane und 2-butene enthaltenden stoffstromes
WO2016151074A1 (de) 2015-03-26 2016-09-29 Basf Se Verfahren zur herstellung von 1,3-butadien aus n-butenen durch oxidative dehydrierung
KR20170134522A (ko) 2015-03-26 2017-12-06 바스프 에스이 산화성 탈수소화에 의한 n-부텐으로부터의 1,3-부타디엔의 제조
WO2016150940A1 (de) 2015-03-26 2016-09-29 Basf Se Verfahren zur herstellung von 1,3-butadien aus n-butenen durch oxidative dehydrierung
KR20180101361A (ko) 2015-12-03 2018-09-12 바스프 에스이 n-부텐의 산화성 탈수소화에 의해 부타디엔을 제조하는 방법
KR20180122606A (ko) 2016-01-13 2018-11-13 바스프 에스이 산화성 탈수소화에 의해 n-부텐으로부터 1,3-부타디엔을 제조하는 방법
EP3411348A1 (de) 2016-02-04 2018-12-12 Basf Se Verfahren zur herstellung von 1,3-butadien aus n-butenen durch oxidative dehydrierung
WO2018029215A1 (de) 2016-08-09 2018-02-15 Basf Se Verfahren zum anfahren eines reaktors zur oxidativen dehydrierung von n-butenen
CN107973690A (zh) * 2016-10-21 2018-05-01 中国石油化工股份有限公司 用于丁烯氧化脱氢制丁二烯的催化剂及其方法
WO2018095776A1 (de) 2016-11-22 2018-05-31 Basf Se Verfahren zur herstellung von 1,3-butadien aus n-butenen durch oxidative dehydrierung umfassend eine wässrige wäsche des c4-produktgasstroms
EP3323797A1 (de) 2016-11-22 2018-05-23 Basf Se Verfahren zur herstellung von 1,3-butadien aus n-butenen durch oxidative dehydrierung umfassend eine saure wäsche des c4-produktgasstroms
WO2018095840A1 (de) 2016-11-22 2018-05-31 Basf Se Verfahren zur herstellung von 1,3-butadien aus n-butenen durch oxidative dehydrierung umfassend eine furan-abtrennung bei der aufarbeitung
WO2018095856A1 (de) 2016-11-22 2018-05-31 Basf Se Verfahren zur herstellung von 1,3-butadien aus n-butenen durch oxidative dehydrierung umfassend eine methacrolein-abtrennung bei der aufarbeitung
WO2018219996A1 (de) 2017-06-02 2018-12-06 Basf Se Verfahren zur herstellung von 1,3-butadien aus n-butenen durch oxidative dehydrierung in kreisgasfahrweise mit co2-angereichertem kreisgas
WO2018234158A1 (de) 2017-06-19 2018-12-27 Basf Se Verfahren zur herstellung von 1,3-butadien aus n-butenen durch oxidative dehydrierung umfassend eine wäsche des c4-produktgasstroms
US10407363B2 (en) * 2017-08-16 2019-09-10 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Steam-less process for converting butenes to 1,3-butadiene
KR102310897B1 (ko) 2017-11-28 2021-10-07 주식회사 엘지화학 부텐의 산화적 탈수소화 반응용 촉매 및 그 제조 방법

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US3414631A (en) * 1965-06-10 1968-12-03 Standard Oil Co Oxydehydrogenation process
US3642930A (en) * 1968-12-30 1972-02-15 Standard Oil Co Ohio Process for the manufacture of isoprene from isoamylenes and methyl butanols and catalyst therefor
BE757476A (fr) * 1969-10-17 1971-03-16 Nippon Kayaku Kk Procede d'oxydeshydrogenation
US3801670A (en) * 1970-12-25 1974-04-02 Sumitomo Chemical Co Catalytic process for the production of diolefins
JPS5112603B1 (OSRAM) * 1971-05-26 1976-04-21
JPS5327713A (en) * 1976-08-27 1978-03-15 Azerubaijiyansukii Poritekunic Internal combustion engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2447825A1 (de) 1975-08-28
FR2247438B1 (OSRAM) 1978-10-13
JPS5064202A (OSRAM) 1975-05-31
US3932551A (en) 1976-01-13
FR2247438A1 (OSRAM) 1975-05-09
BE820970A (fr) 1975-04-11
CA1037500A (en) 1978-08-29
NL7413249A (nl) 1975-04-15
IT1022666B (it) 1978-04-20

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