GB1232530A - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- GB1232530A GB1232530A GB1232530DA GB1232530A GB 1232530 A GB1232530 A GB 1232530A GB 1232530D A GB1232530D A GB 1232530DA GB 1232530 A GB1232530 A GB 1232530A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- blocks
- sept
- corners
- walls
- half thickness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/06—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated
- F27B9/061—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated with at least two longitudinal chambers carrying combustion gases, i.e. of the Dressler type
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
- E04B2/44—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls
- E04B2/46—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
- E04B2/52—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities the walls being characterised by fillings in some of the cavities forming load-bearing pillars or beams
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/06—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated
- F27B9/062—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated electrically heated
- F27B9/063—Resistor heating, e.g. with resistors also emitting IR rays
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
- F27B9/147—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving on an inclined floor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
- F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
- F27B9/26—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace on or in trucks, sleds, or containers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/12—Travelling or movable supports or containers for the charge
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
- E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/12—Travelling or movable supports or containers for the charge
- F27D2003/124—Sleds; Transport supports
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
- Fencing (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
Abstract
1,232,530. Building blocks. GROUTLOCK CORP. 18 Sept., 1969 [27 Sept., 1968], No. 46112/69. Heading E1B. A ribbed and grooved concrete block 10 has a central aperture 22 with sideways extensions 23 connecting the upper and lower grooves 15 and 16 which also intersect end grooves 21 so that a continuous skeleton of mortar can be introduced after the blocks have been built up into a wall. Further through air apertures 24 are formed but are not connected with the motor complex. Blocks of half thickness e.g. 4" having only one rib are also disclosed and are used with the full blocks to form 12" walls. Modified blocks for corners, wall junctions and door and window openings are also included. The half thickness blocks have diamond section apertures. Angle section wire ties may be used to reinforce the corners of walls.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US76309668A | 1968-09-27 | 1968-09-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB1232530A true GB1232530A (en) | 1971-05-19 |
Family
ID=25066867
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB1232530D Expired GB1232530A (en) | 1968-09-27 | 1969-09-18 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3534518A (en) |
AT (1) | AT297284B (en) |
BE (1) | BE739183A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1900397A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2019044B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1232530A (en) |
NL (1) | NL6914433A (en) |
Families Citing this family (65)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3962842A (en) * | 1975-05-30 | 1976-06-15 | Wilhelm William D | Mortarless interlocking blocks |
US4124961A (en) * | 1977-06-14 | 1978-11-14 | Lock Brick Limited | Building brick |
SE426965B (en) * | 1979-11-22 | 1983-02-21 | Fernaeus S E | BUILDING BLOCK AND ASSEMBLY BRACKET FOR USE TOGETHER WITH THIS BLOCK |
US4295313A (en) * | 1979-12-10 | 1981-10-20 | Rassias John N | Building blocks, wall structures made therefrom and methods of making the same |
DE3163580D1 (en) * | 1981-03-10 | 1984-06-20 | Rolf Scheiwiller | Assembly of blocks for constructing walls |
FR2530280A1 (en) * | 1982-07-15 | 1984-01-20 | Alpha Composants | Assembly of structural elements. |
EP0103192B1 (en) * | 1982-09-09 | 1986-06-11 | VEGLA Vereinigte Glaswerke GmbH | Glass brick, wall of glass building elements and method of laying and erecting the same |
EP0186109A3 (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1987-12-23 | Politechnika Warszawska | Building element for the construction of buildings as well as an abutment element and method of building pillars and walls with such building elements |
US4651485A (en) * | 1985-09-11 | 1987-03-24 | Osborne Ronald P | Interlocking building block system |
FR2607426B1 (en) * | 1986-11-27 | 1991-02-22 | Brouard Jean Charles Louis Eug | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A PLASTER-BASED CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT, AND ELEMENT THUS OBTAINED AND CONSTRUCTION METHOD THEREFROM |
DE3767472D1 (en) * | 1987-03-20 | 1991-02-21 | Rolf Scheiwiller | KIT FOR THE CREATION OF COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTIONS. |
US4956958A (en) * | 1989-02-15 | 1990-09-18 | Caroti Gino P N | Autofitting building blocks and bricks |
EP0383740A1 (en) * | 1989-02-15 | 1990-08-22 | Gino Caroti | Autofitting building blocks and bricks |
FR2643928B1 (en) * | 1989-03-03 | 1994-06-10 | Prevost Jean Michel | ASSEMBLY OF BLOCK-SHAPED ELEMENTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BI OR TRIVENTILE COMPOSITE WALLS |
US5647185A (en) * | 1993-11-19 | 1997-07-15 | Forlini; Emidio J. | Structural blocks and assemblies thereof |
US5513475A (en) * | 1994-05-18 | 1996-05-07 | Schaaf; Cecil F. | Multi-faceted interfacial building blocks |
AU4318696A (en) * | 1994-12-20 | 1996-07-10 | Mary Rowena Ginn | Building panels |
US5623797A (en) * | 1995-07-20 | 1997-04-29 | Allan Block Corporation | Block structure and system for arranging above-ground fencing, railing and/or sound barriers |
IT1276584B1 (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 1997-11-03 | Rocco Palamara | PERFECT SYSTEM WITH MODULAR ELEMENTS FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS |
US5839243A (en) * | 1996-09-13 | 1998-11-24 | New Energy Wall Systems, Inc. | Interlocking and insulated form pattern assembly for creating a wall structure for receiving poured concrete |
CA2193942C (en) | 1996-12-24 | 2001-11-06 | Frank Pacitto | Mortarless retaining wall structure with improved lateral and longitudinal reinforcement for a vertical, set forward and/or set back retaining wall in whole or in part constructedby utilizing standardized blocks |
US5951210A (en) * | 1997-03-12 | 1999-09-14 | Nicolock Of Long Island | Concrete block |
US5899040A (en) * | 1997-09-08 | 1999-05-04 | Cerrato; Dominic | Flexible interlocking wall system |
US6758020B2 (en) * | 1997-09-08 | 2004-07-06 | Cercorp Initiatives Incorporated | Flexible interlocking wall system |
US6176049B1 (en) | 1997-12-08 | 2001-01-23 | Step-By-Step Systems, Llc | Concrete elevation assembly, hollow concrete block, and method of making |
US6082067A (en) | 1999-02-08 | 2000-07-04 | Allan Block Corporation | Dry stackable block structures |
US6223493B1 (en) | 1999-12-01 | 2001-05-01 | John Robert Ruggeri | Self-aligning building blocks |
US6665994B1 (en) | 2002-06-07 | 2003-12-23 | John Robert Ruggeri | Self-aligning building blocks |
US7108577B2 (en) * | 2002-12-24 | 2006-09-19 | Peters Andrew J | Wedge-lock building blocks |
US6948282B2 (en) | 2003-01-09 | 2005-09-27 | Allan Block Corporation | Interlocking building block |
US7661239B2 (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2010-02-16 | Alliance Concrete Concepts Inc. | Masonry brick |
CA2455438C (en) * | 2004-01-20 | 2006-02-07 | Kenneth M. Yohnke | Building panel |
US7596916B1 (en) * | 2004-03-25 | 2009-10-06 | Richard Thomas Anderson | Multi beveled interlocking corner notch and associated anti settling system |
WO2006098800A1 (en) | 2005-01-14 | 2006-09-21 | Airlite Plastics Co. | Insulated foam panel forms |
US20100043335A1 (en) | 2005-06-22 | 2010-02-25 | O'connor Daniel | Stacking masonry block system with transition block and utility groove running therethrough |
US20070193183A1 (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2007-08-23 | Price Brian A | Concrete block for forming columns |
CO5820228A1 (en) * | 2006-05-23 | 2007-11-30 | Martinez Naranjo Jhon Jairo | BRICK SYSTEM WITH ROD |
IES20070795A2 (en) * | 2006-11-02 | 2008-07-23 | Edward Nolan | A cladding panel |
US20080110105A1 (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2008-05-15 | Boschma James H | System and method for establishing a protected work and storage space |
US7882674B2 (en) * | 2006-12-08 | 2011-02-08 | Craven Joseph H | Building blocks and wall assembly utilizing same |
US7946090B1 (en) * | 2007-08-17 | 2011-05-24 | Walters Herbert E | Concrete wall and forming system therefore |
JP5164190B2 (en) * | 2007-10-05 | 2013-03-13 | ハングク スチロポル カンパニー リミテッド | Lightweight thermal insulation block for construction and its construction method |
US20110146171A1 (en) * | 2008-04-28 | 2011-06-23 | Torkel Flatland | Thermally insulating building construction element assembly, and timber or lumber member for same |
US8382548B2 (en) * | 2009-02-13 | 2013-02-26 | Mattel, Inc. | Toy building blocks |
US10329911B2 (en) * | 2009-09-05 | 2019-06-25 | E. Dillon & Company | Mine seal and method of construction for high resistance to transverse loads |
US8863476B2 (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2014-10-21 | Gary Summers | Building block system |
EP2622146B1 (en) | 2010-10-01 | 2018-05-23 | Tetraloc Pty Ltd (ACN 153 060 498) | Construction block |
EP2447433A1 (en) * | 2010-10-28 | 2012-05-02 | Terraco Group sprl | Construction element made from unbaked clay |
US20140196398A1 (en) * | 2011-07-26 | 2014-07-17 | Asahi Kasei Homes Corporation | Masonry building and method for constructing masonry building |
US8640407B2 (en) | 2012-06-13 | 2014-02-04 | King Saud University | Masonry building block and interlocking wall system incorporating such blocks |
US20140223848A1 (en) * | 2013-02-11 | 2014-08-14 | Universiti Malaysia Perlis | Building block for use in constructing a building |
CA3032844C (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2021-06-29 | Abt, Inc. | Interlocking form assembly |
CA2809704C (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-09-25 | 2223963 Ontario Inc. | Block for use in constructing a retaining wall with improved features |
AT514303B1 (en) * | 2013-05-06 | 2015-06-15 | Resco Consulting Gmbh | Dammstein, flood dam and method for producing such |
USD776832S1 (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2017-01-17 | Stephen M. Gibson | Concrete block |
US10415241B2 (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2019-09-17 | Excel Project Management Ltd. | Monolithic retaining wall |
US10584502B2 (en) | 2016-09-09 | 2020-03-10 | Excel Project Management Ltd. | Arch-support system |
US10648176B2 (en) * | 2016-10-06 | 2020-05-12 | Manuel Humberto Olarte Michel | Precast block and installation system for construction of walls and slabs |
LU93263B1 (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2018-04-17 | Contern S A | BLOCK FOR DRY CONSTRUCTION |
US10626614B2 (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2020-04-21 | Ness Inventions, Inc. | Masonry block with leveling pads |
WO2019099609A1 (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2019-05-23 | Genest Christopher | Masonry block system |
KR101861837B1 (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-28 | 박재홍 | Wall Structure with Wedge-Shape Joint Block and Frame and Wall Construction Method Using This Structure |
CN111648493A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-09-11 | 浙江鼎兴建设有限公司 | Movable wall body is built in room |
CN113944465B (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2024-02-23 | 深圳市中金岭南有色金属股份有限公司凡口铅锌矿 | Two-time slot pulling high-layering stoping mining method |
US11885132B2 (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2024-01-30 | Klrh, Llc | Non-combustible, net-zero energy building systems |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US555693A (en) * | 1896-03-03 | Hubeetus geraerdts and willem geraerdts | ||
US811534A (en) * | 1905-07-21 | 1906-02-06 | William M Akers | Building-wall construction. |
US1171036A (en) * | 1915-05-05 | 1916-02-08 | Robert L Gamewell | Hollow-tile silo. |
US1581574A (en) * | 1921-08-15 | 1926-04-20 | Heath Frederick | Hollow wall construction and building block |
GB204263A (en) * | 1923-02-02 | 1923-09-27 | John Edward Abrams | Improvements in building blocks |
US2106177A (en) * | 1936-12-15 | 1938-01-25 | Victor J Hultquist | Building unit |
US2179407A (en) * | 1938-10-12 | 1939-11-07 | Antonio C Flores | Building block |
GB581041A (en) * | 1944-05-22 | 1946-09-30 | George William David Harms | Improvements relating to building blocks |
DE816452C (en) * | 1948-10-02 | 1951-10-11 | Otto Dr-Ing Michehl | Block construction |
US2749739A (en) * | 1951-06-06 | 1956-06-12 | Prec Building System Inc | Interlocking corner block |
DE883874C (en) * | 1951-11-20 | 1953-07-20 | Babcock & Wilcox Dampfkessel W | Refractory stone |
US2882715A (en) * | 1956-03-14 | 1959-04-21 | Prec Building System Inc | Interlocking building block |
GB827508A (en) * | 1957-01-03 | 1960-02-03 | Thomas Henry Anthony | Improvements in and relating to blocks for building construction |
US2994162A (en) * | 1957-07-05 | 1961-08-01 | Frantz Markey | Building block and wall construction made therefrom |
-
1968
- 1968-09-27 US US763096A patent/US3534518A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1969
- 1969-01-04 DE DE19691900397 patent/DE1900397A1/en active Pending
- 1969-08-20 AT AT799069A patent/AT297284B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-09-18 GB GB1232530D patent/GB1232530A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-09-22 BE BE739183D patent/BE739183A/xx unknown
- 1969-09-23 NL NL6914433A patent/NL6914433A/xx unknown
- 1969-09-26 FR FR696932860A patent/FR2019044B1/fr not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2019044A1 (en) | 1970-06-26 |
DE1900397A1 (en) | 1970-04-02 |
BE739183A (en) | 1970-03-23 |
NL6914433A (en) | 1970-04-01 |
AT297284B (en) | 1972-03-27 |
FR2019044B1 (en) | 1974-02-22 |
US3534518A (en) | 1970-10-20 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
GB1232530A (en) | ||
GB1477139A (en) | Building block and a method of building | |
GB1398913A (en) | Masonry structures and blocks for use therein | |
GB783527A (en) | Improvements in building components | |
GB1149741A (en) | Improvements in or relating to reinforced masonry | |
GB1167760A (en) | Improvements in and relating to Masonry Walls and Partitions and Method of Fabricating Same | |
GB1513438A (en) | Building blocks | |
GB953739A (en) | Building block and it suse in a wall | |
GB1089005A (en) | Improvements in or relating to masonry wall structures | |
GB1342830A (en) | Building of walls | |
GB1188624A (en) | Improvements in or relating to Wall Construction | |
GB279981A (en) | An improved block, brick or slab for building or walling | |
GB1363476A (en) | Joint structure | |
GB222774A (en) | Improvements in or relating to precast concrete building blocks | |
GB581041A (en) | Improvements relating to building blocks | |
GB722199A (en) | Building elements | |
GB1413596A (en) | Wall construction comprising courses of hollow blocks | |
GB700325A (en) | Improvements in the construction of cavity walls | |
GB1402991A (en) | Building blocks | |
GB1103511A (en) | Improved building blocks | |
GB767562A (en) | Improvements in walls or fences | |
GB950457A (en) | Improvements in or relating to building blocks | |
GB1276651A (en) | Improved building construction block | |
GB1103981A (en) | Improved building block | |
GB600399A (en) | Improvements in or relating to building blocks |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
PLNP | Patent lapsed through nonpayment of renewal fees |