GB0125259D0 - Novel compounds - Google Patents

Novel compounds

Info

Publication number
GB0125259D0
GB0125259D0 GBGB0125259.2A GB0125259A GB0125259D0 GB 0125259 D0 GB0125259 D0 GB 0125259D0 GB 0125259 A GB0125259 A GB 0125259A GB 0125259 D0 GB0125259 D0 GB 0125259D0
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
sub
img
character
tif
novel compounds
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
GBGB0125259.2A
Other languages
English (en)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Glaxo Group Ltd
Original Assignee
Glaxo Group Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Glaxo Group Ltd filed Critical Glaxo Group Ltd
Priority to GBGB0125259.2A priority Critical patent/GB0125259D0/en
Publication of GB0125259D0 publication Critical patent/GB0125259D0/en
Priority to US10/492,813 priority patent/US7405206B2/en
Priority to AT02785235T priority patent/ATE393771T1/de
Priority to AU2002350561A priority patent/AU2002350561A1/en
Priority to EP02785235A priority patent/EP1444248B1/en
Priority to DE60226334T priority patent/DE60226334T2/de
Priority to PCT/EP2002/011634 priority patent/WO2003035668A2/en
Priority to ES02785235T priority patent/ES2304457T3/es
Priority to JP2003538181A priority patent/JP4495456B2/ja
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07JSTEROIDS
    • C07J31/00Normal steroids containing one or more sulfur atoms not belonging to a hetero ring
    • C07J31/006Normal steroids containing one or more sulfur atoms not belonging to a hetero ring not covered by C07J31/003
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A61P11/06Antiasthmatics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/06Antipsoriatics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/08Antiallergic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P5/00Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
    • A61P5/38Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the suprarenal hormones
    • A61P5/44Glucocorticosteroids; Drugs increasing or potentiating the activity of glucocorticosteroids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07JSTEROIDS
    • C07J17/00Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen, having an oxygen-containing hetero ring not condensed with the cyclopenta(a)hydrophenanthrene skeleton

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Diabetes (AREA)
  • Endocrinology (AREA)
  • Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
  • Rheumatology (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Steroid Compounds (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
GBGB0125259.2A 2001-10-20 2001-10-20 Novel compounds Ceased GB0125259D0 (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0125259.2A GB0125259D0 (en) 2001-10-20 2001-10-20 Novel compounds
US10/492,813 US7405206B2 (en) 2001-10-20 2002-10-17 Anti-inflammatory androstane derivatives
AT02785235T ATE393771T1 (de) 2001-10-20 2002-10-17 Neue antiphlogistische androstan derivate - 17- carboxy-lactone substituiert mit einer aryl- carboxylic estergruppe in der 17.alpha.-stelle
AU2002350561A AU2002350561A1 (en) 2001-10-20 2002-10-17 Novel anti-inflammatory androstane derivatives -17-carboxy-lactone substituted steroids with an aryl-carboxylic ester in position 17.alpha
EP02785235A EP1444248B1 (en) 2001-10-20 2002-10-17 Novel anti-inflammatory androstane derivatives - 17-carboxy-lactone substituted steroids with an aryl-carboxylic ester in position 17.alpha
DE60226334T DE60226334T2 (de) 2001-10-20 2002-10-17 Neue antiphlogistische androstan derivate - 17-carboxy-lactone substituiert mit einer aryl-carboxylic estergruppe in der 17.alpha.-stelle
PCT/EP2002/011634 WO2003035668A2 (en) 2001-10-20 2002-10-17 Novel anti-inflammatory androstane derivatives -17-carboxy-lactone substituted steroids with an aryl-carboxylic ester in position 17.alpha
ES02785235T ES2304457T3 (es) 2001-10-20 2002-10-17 Nuevos antiinflamatorios esteroides derivados de adrostano 17-carboxi-lactona sustituidos con un ester aril-carboxilico en posicion 17-alfa.
JP2003538181A JP4495456B2 (ja) 2001-10-20 2002-10-17 新規の抗炎症性アンドロスタン誘導体

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0125259.2A GB0125259D0 (en) 2001-10-20 2001-10-20 Novel compounds

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB0125259D0 true GB0125259D0 (en) 2001-12-12

Family

ID=9924247

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GBGB0125259.2A Ceased GB0125259D0 (en) 2001-10-20 2001-10-20 Novel compounds

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US7405206B2 (enExample)
EP (1) EP1444248B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP4495456B2 (enExample)
AT (1) ATE393771T1 (enExample)
AU (1) AU2002350561A1 (enExample)
DE (1) DE60226334T2 (enExample)
ES (1) ES2304457T3 (enExample)
GB (1) GB0125259D0 (enExample)
WO (1) WO2003035668A2 (enExample)

Families Citing this family (66)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0019172D0 (en) 2000-08-05 2000-09-27 Glaxo Group Ltd Novel compounds
US6858593B2 (en) 2000-08-05 2005-02-22 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Anti-inflammatory androstane derivative compositions
US6777399B2 (en) 2000-08-05 2004-08-17 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Anti-inflammatory androstane derivative compositions
SI1305329T2 (sl) 2000-08-05 2015-07-31 Glaxo Group Limited S-fluorometil ester 6alfa,9alfa-difluoro-17alfa-(2-furanilkarboksil)oksi-11beta-hidroksi- 16alfa-metil-3-okso-androst-1,4-dien-17-karbotiojske kisline kot protivnetno sredstvo
US6858596B2 (en) 2000-08-05 2005-02-22 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Formulation containing anti-inflammatory androstane derivative
UA77656C2 (en) 2001-04-07 2007-01-15 Glaxo Group Ltd S-fluoromethyl ester of 6-alpha, 9-alpha-difluoro-17-alpha-[(2-furanylcarbonyl)oxy]-11-beta-hydroxy-16- alpha-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-dien-17-beta-carbothioacid as anti-inflammatory agent
CA2445839A1 (en) 2001-04-30 2002-11-07 Glaxo Group Limited Anti-inflammatory 17.beta.-carbothioate ester derivatives of androstane with a cyclic ester group in position 17.alpha
GB2389530B (en) 2002-06-14 2007-01-10 Cipla Ltd Pharmaceutical compositions
TW200519106A (en) 2003-05-02 2005-06-16 Novartis Ag Organic compounds
GB0316290D0 (en) * 2003-07-11 2003-08-13 Glaxo Group Ltd Novel compounds
GB0401334D0 (en) 2004-01-21 2004-02-25 Novartis Ag Organic compounds
GB0411056D0 (en) 2004-05-18 2004-06-23 Novartis Ag Organic compounds
GT200500281A (es) 2004-10-22 2006-04-24 Novartis Ag Compuestos organicos.
GB0424284D0 (en) 2004-11-02 2004-12-01 Novartis Ag Organic compounds
GB0426164D0 (en) 2004-11-29 2004-12-29 Novartis Ag Organic compounds
GB0507577D0 (en) 2005-04-14 2005-05-18 Novartis Ag Organic compounds
GB0510390D0 (en) 2005-05-20 2005-06-29 Novartis Ag Organic compounds
GB0516313D0 (en) 2005-08-08 2005-09-14 Argenta Discovery Ltd Azole derivatives and their uses
RU2442771C2 (ru) 2005-08-08 2012-02-20 Арджента Дискавери Лтд Производные бицикло[2,2,1]гепт-7-иламина и их применения
MY144906A (en) 2005-10-21 2011-11-30 Novartis Ag Human antibodies against il13 and therapeutic uses
GB0526244D0 (en) 2005-12-22 2006-02-01 Novartis Ag Organic compounds
TWI374147B (en) * 2006-01-27 2012-10-11 Sun Pharma Advance Res Company Ltd Novel 11β-hydroxyandrosta-4-ene-3-ones
GB0601951D0 (en) 2006-01-31 2006-03-15 Novartis Ag Organic compounds
AR060607A1 (es) 2006-04-21 2008-07-02 Novartis Ag Derivados de purina,composiciones farmaceuticas que los contienen, metodo de preparacion y usos en enfermedades obstructivas o inflamatorias de las vias respiratorias.
BRPI0717564A2 (pt) 2006-09-29 2013-10-22 Novartis Ag Pirazolopirimidinas como inibidores de pi3k lipídeo cinase
US20080176901A1 (en) 2007-01-10 2008-07-24 Irm Llc Compounds and compositions as channel activating protease inhibitors
AU2008248598B2 (en) 2007-05-07 2011-11-17 Novartis Ag Organic compounds
ES2654395T3 (es) 2007-12-10 2018-02-13 Novartis Ag Análogos de amilorida espirocíclicos como bloqueantes de ENaC
EP2300010B1 (en) 2008-06-10 2015-03-04 Novartis AG Pyrazine derivatives as epithelial sodium channel blockers
WO2010076553A1 (en) 2008-12-30 2010-07-08 Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd Sulfonamide compounds for the treatment of respiratory disorders
DK2391366T3 (da) 2009-01-29 2013-01-07 Novartis Ag Substituerede benzimidazoler til behandling af astrocytomer
AR077101A1 (es) 2009-06-16 2011-08-03 Schering Corp Esteroides de heteroarilo (3,2-c), como agonistas de receptor glucocorticoide, composiciones y usos de los mismos
US8389526B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2013-03-05 Novartis Ag 3-heteroarylmethyl-imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-6-yl derivatives
JP5781510B2 (ja) 2009-08-12 2015-09-24 ノバルティス アーゲー ヘテロ環式ヒドラゾン化合物および癌および炎症の処置のためのそれらの使用
HRP20190016T1 (hr) 2009-08-17 2019-03-08 Intellikine, Llc Heterociklički spojevi i njihova upotreba
MX2012002179A (es) 2009-08-20 2012-03-16 Novartis Ag Compuestos heterociclicos de oxima.
MX2012004792A (es) 2009-10-22 2013-02-01 Vertex Pharma Composiciones para el tratamiento de fibrosis quistica y otras enfermedades cronicas.
US8247436B2 (en) 2010-03-19 2012-08-21 Novartis Ag Pyridine and pyrazine derivative for the treatment of CF
WO2012034095A1 (en) 2010-09-09 2012-03-15 Irm Llc Compounds and compositions as trk inhibitors
UY33597A (es) 2010-09-09 2012-04-30 Irm Llc Compuestos y composiciones como inhibidores de la trk
US8372845B2 (en) 2010-09-17 2013-02-12 Novartis Ag Pyrazine derivatives as enac blockers
US20130324526A1 (en) 2011-02-10 2013-12-05 Novartis Ag [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-b] pyridazine compounds as inhibitors of the c-met tyrosine kinase
JP5808826B2 (ja) 2011-02-23 2015-11-10 インテリカイン, エルエルシー 複素環化合物およびその使用
JP5959541B2 (ja) 2011-02-25 2016-08-02 ノバルティス アーゲー Trk阻害剤としてのピラゾロ[1,5−a]ピリジン
UY34305A (es) 2011-09-01 2013-04-30 Novartis Ag Derivados de heterociclos bicíclicos para el tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial pulmonar
WO2013038362A1 (en) 2011-09-15 2013-03-21 Novartis Ag 6 - substituted 3 - (quinolin- 6 - ylthio) - [1,2,4] triazolo [4, 3 -a] pyradines as tyrosine kinase
ES2882807T3 (es) 2011-09-16 2021-12-02 Novartis Ag Heterociclil carboxamidas N-sustituidas
WO2013038378A1 (en) 2011-09-16 2013-03-21 Novartis Ag Pyridine amide derivatives
US9034879B2 (en) 2011-09-16 2015-05-19 Novartis Ag Heterocyclic compounds for the treatment of CF
WO2013038381A1 (en) 2011-09-16 2013-03-21 Novartis Ag Pyridine/pyrazine amide derivatives
WO2013038373A1 (en) 2011-09-16 2013-03-21 Novartis Ag Pyridine amide derivatives
JP6130391B2 (ja) 2011-11-23 2017-05-17 インテリカイン, エルエルシー Mtor阻害剤を使用する強化された治療レジメン
US8809340B2 (en) 2012-03-19 2014-08-19 Novartis Ag Crystalline form
WO2013149581A1 (en) 2012-04-03 2013-10-10 Novartis Ag Combination products with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and their use
US9073921B2 (en) 2013-03-01 2015-07-07 Novartis Ag Salt forms of bicyclic heterocyclic derivatives
HK1219421A1 (zh) 2013-03-15 2017-04-07 因特利凯有限责任公司 激酶抑制剂的组合及其用途
US10155001B2 (en) 2013-06-14 2018-12-18 Inserm (Institut National De La Sante Et De La Recherche Medicale) RAC1 inhibitors for inducing bronchodilation
TW201605450A (zh) 2013-12-03 2016-02-16 諾華公司 Mdm2抑制劑與BRAF抑制劑之組合及其用途
EA201692140A1 (ru) 2014-04-24 2017-04-28 Новартис Аг Производные аминопиридина в качестве ингибиторов фосфатидилинозитол 3-киназы
MX2016013812A (es) 2014-04-24 2017-03-09 Novartis Ag Derivados de amino-pirazina como inhibidores de fosfatidil-inositol-3-cinasa.
WO2015162461A1 (en) 2014-04-24 2015-10-29 Novartis Ag Pyrazine derivatives as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors
WO2016011658A1 (en) 2014-07-25 2016-01-28 Novartis Ag Combination therapy
BR112017001695A2 (pt) 2014-07-31 2017-11-21 Novartis Ag terapia de combinação
JP2022537667A (ja) 2019-06-10 2022-08-29 ノバルティス アーゲー Cf、copd、及び気管支拡張症の治療のためのピリジン及びピラジン誘導体
EP4021572A1 (en) 2019-08-28 2022-07-06 Novartis AG Substituted 1,3-phenyl heteroaryl derivatives and their use in the treatment of disease
TW202140550A (zh) 2020-01-29 2021-11-01 瑞士商諾華公司 使用抗tslp抗體治療炎性或阻塞性氣道疾病之方法

Family Cites Families (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3828080A (en) * 1972-01-20 1974-08-06 Glaxo Lab Ltd Androstane-17beta-carboxylic acids and processes for the preparation thereof
GB1438940A (en) * 1972-07-19 1976-06-09 Glaxo Lab Ltd 17beta-haloalkoxycarbonyl-17alpha-oxysteroids
DE3260474D1 (en) * 1981-02-02 1984-09-06 Schering Corp Aromatic heterocyclic esters of steroids, their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
NZ324373A (en) * 1995-12-29 1999-10-28 Glaxo Group Ltd Lactone derivatives of 17-beta-carboxy, carbonyl-thio and amide androstane derivatives
GB0015876D0 (en) * 2000-06-28 2000-08-23 Novartis Ag Organic compounds
US6759398B2 (en) * 2000-08-05 2004-07-06 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Anti-inflammatory androstane derivative
US6750210B2 (en) * 2000-08-05 2004-06-15 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Formulation containing novel anti-inflammatory androstane derivative
US6777399B2 (en) * 2000-08-05 2004-08-17 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Anti-inflammatory androstane derivative compositions
SI1305329T2 (sl) * 2000-08-05 2015-07-31 Glaxo Group Limited S-fluorometil ester 6alfa,9alfa-difluoro-17alfa-(2-furanilkarboksil)oksi-11beta-hidroksi- 16alfa-metil-3-okso-androst-1,4-dien-17-karbotiojske kisline kot protivnetno sredstvo
US6777400B2 (en) * 2000-08-05 2004-08-17 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Anti-inflammatory androstane derivative compositions
GB0019172D0 (en) * 2000-08-05 2000-09-27 Glaxo Group Ltd Novel compounds
US6787532B2 (en) * 2000-08-05 2004-09-07 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Formulation containing anti-inflammatory androstane derivatives
US6858593B2 (en) * 2000-08-05 2005-02-22 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Anti-inflammatory androstane derivative compositions
US6858596B2 (en) * 2000-08-05 2005-02-22 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Formulation containing anti-inflammatory androstane derivative
GB0103630D0 (en) * 2001-02-14 2001-03-28 Glaxo Group Ltd Chemical compounds
UA77656C2 (en) * 2001-04-07 2007-01-15 Glaxo Group Ltd S-fluoromethyl ester of 6-alpha, 9-alpha-difluoro-17-alpha-[(2-furanylcarbonyl)oxy]-11-beta-hydroxy-16- alpha-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-dien-17-beta-carbothioacid as anti-inflammatory agent
US20050175545A1 (en) * 2002-02-04 2005-08-11 Keith Biggadike Formulation for inhalation comprising a glucocorticoid and a beta 2-adrenoreceptor agonist
EP1480996A1 (en) * 2002-02-04 2004-12-01 Glaxo Group Limited Amorphous fluticasone 2-furoate, pharmaceutical compositions thereof and its conversion to the crystalline unsolvated form
GB0316290D0 (en) * 2003-07-11 2003-08-13 Glaxo Group Ltd Novel compounds

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1444248A2 (en) 2004-08-11
DE60226334T2 (de) 2009-06-04
EP1444248B1 (en) 2008-04-30
DE60226334D1 (de) 2008-06-12
JP4495456B2 (ja) 2010-07-07
WO2003035668A3 (en) 2003-07-31
ATE393771T1 (de) 2008-05-15
ES2304457T3 (es) 2008-10-16
JP2005509642A (ja) 2005-04-14
AU2002350561A1 (en) 2003-05-06
WO2003035668A2 (en) 2003-05-01
US20050054622A1 (en) 2005-03-10
US7405206B2 (en) 2008-07-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
GB0125259D0 (en) Novel compounds
IL150085A0 (en) New-p2x7 receptor antagonists for use in the treatment of inflammatory, immune or cardiovascular diseases
PL366198A1 (en) Novel compounds
SE9902987D0 (sv) Novel compounds
PL358281A1 (en) Novel compounds
HK1056181A1 (zh) 作為抗炎劑的17β-硫代羧酸酯17α-芳基羰氧基氧雄甾烷衍生物
DE60116761D1 (en) Adamantanderivate
MXPA02012033A (es) Derivados de 2-aminocarbonil-9h-purina.
NO20022655D0 (no) <Beta>-2-adrenerge reseptoragonister
MY136430A (en) N-adamantylmethyl derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and processes for their preparation
MXPA03008215A (es) Inhibidores de integrina alfa v beta 6.
EE200200208A (et) Oligosahhariidid, nende valmistamismeetod ja kasutamine ning farmatseutilised kompositsioonid
MXPA03002911A (es) Compuestos quimicos.
IL147149A0 (en) Novel diphenyl-piperidine derivate
MXPA04001968A (es) Agentes antidiabeticos.
GB0104050D0 (en) Chemical compounds
AU2001290480A1 (en) Cyclized benzamide neurokinin antagonists for use in therapy
SE0101038D0 (sv) Novel compounds
GB0120461D0 (en) Novel compounds
SE9902551D0 (sv) Novel compounds
MXPA02012426A (es) Compuestos nuevos.
SE0202693D0 (sv) Compounds
SE0202692D0 (sv) Compounds
MXPA03010259A (es) Nuevos derivados de 5-tio-ss-d-xilopiranosida, procedimiento de preparacion, composiciones farmaceuticas que los contienen y el uso terapeutico de los mismos.
MY133140A (en) N-substituted azabicycloheptane derivatives, their preparation and use

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AT Applications terminated before publication under section 16(1)