FR3102192A1 - Module and method of manufacturing a module intended to form a building - Google Patents

Abstract

Title: Module and method of manufacturing a module to form a building The invention relates to a module (100) intended to partially form at least part of a building (200), said module (100) being characterized in that it comprises at least: at. A first support layer (110); b. A second backing layer (120); vs. A plurality of studs (130); d. A print volume (132); e. A layer of insulation (150); f. A first finishing coat (140); g. A second finishing coat (160). Figure for abstract: Fig.1

Description

Module and method of manufacturing a module intended to form a building

The present invention relates to the field of building construction. It finds a particularly advantageous application in the field of house construction.

1. Une première activité dite de poids lourd et qui comprend la construction de la structure du bâtiment, généralement comprenant donc de lourds travaux de maçonnerie.
2. Une deuxième activité dite de finition et qui comprend les divers travaux d’électricité, de plomberie, de peinture, …

Today, the construction process of a building or a house is mainly composed of two sets of activities:

1. A first so-called heavyweight activity which includes the construction of the building structure, generally including heavy masonry work.
2. A second activity called finishing and which includes the various electrical, plumbing, painting, etc.

These two activities are generally interdependent during a building construction site.

Generally, these two activities lead to delays and cumbersome implementation on each other.

An object of the present invention is therefore to propose a solution to at least some of these problems.

The other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from a review of the following description and the accompanying drawings. It is understood that other benefits may be incorporated.

SUMMARY

1. Fourniture, de préférence par un dispositif robotisé, d’au moins un premier module ayant pour fonction de former en partie au moins l’un parmi un mur, un sol, un pilier, une poutre, un plafond, une fondation, une toiture, ledit module comprenant au moins :
   1. Une première couche de support, de préférence en polymère imprimé, présentant une face interne s’étendant principalement selon un premier plan ;
   2. Une deuxième couche de support, de préférence en polymère imprimé, présentant une face interne s’étendant principalement selon un deuxième plan parallèle au premier plan ;
   3. Une pluralité de plots, de préférence présentant une structure stratifiée réalisée par impression tridimensionnelle, de préférence étant en polymère imprimé, de préférence répartis dans un plan intermédiaire parallèle au premier plan, de préférence en quadrillage, maintenant à distance la première couche de support et la deuxième couche de support l’une de l’autre, cette pluralité de plots définissant un volume, dit volume d’impression, entre la première couche de support et la deuxième couche de support ;
   4. Ledit volume d’impression est destiné à recevoir au moins un matériau durcissant disposé en couches successives définissant une structure stratifiée imprimée dans ledit volume d’impression ;
   5. Une couche fonctionnelle portée par la première et/ou la deuxième couche de support, la couche fonctionnelle étant configurée pour assurer au moins une fonction prise parmi une fonction de drainage et une fonction d’isolation ;
   6. Une première couche de finition portée par la première couche de support ;
   7. Une deuxième couche de finition portée par la deuxième couche de support ;
2. Disposition du module en fonction de sa fonction, de préférence par un dispositif robotisé ; La disposition du module comprend par exemple son positionnement en un endroit précis et son orientation ;
3. Impression d’un matériau durcissant dans le module par au moins un dispositif d’impression tridimensionnelle, de préférence robotisé, l’étape d’impression étant configurée de sorte que le rapport entre le débit d’impression et le temps de durcissement du matériau durcissant soit configuré pour que la force générée par la pression appliquée aux parois du volume d’impression par le matériau durcissant soit inférieure à une valeur seuil au-delà duquel le premier plan et le deuxième plan s’écartent ou s’incline l’un par rapport à l’autre, de préférence s’écartent d’une distance de plus de X% ou s’écartent pour présenter une inclinaison supérieure à X%, X étant égal à 5, de préférence à 2 et avantageusement à 1.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a building comprising at least the following steps, preferably carried out by a plurality of robotic devices:

1. Provision, preferably by a robotic device, of at least a first module having the function of forming in part at least one of a wall, a floor, a pillar, a beam, a ceiling, a foundation, a roof, said module comprising at least:
   1. A first support layer, preferably of printed polymer, having an internal face extending mainly along a first plane;
   2. A second support layer, preferably of printed polymer, having an internal face extending mainly along a second plane parallel to the first plane;
   3. A plurality of pads, preferably having a laminated structure produced by three-dimensional printing, preferably being made of printed polymer, preferably distributed in an intermediate plane parallel to the first plane, preferably in a grid pattern, keeping the first support layer and the second layer of support from each other, this plurality of pads defining a volume, called print volume, between the first layer of support and the second layer of support;
   4. Said print volume is intended to receive at least one hardening material arranged in successive layers defining a laminated structure printed in said print volume;
   5. A functional layer carried by the first and/or the second support layer, the functional layer being configured to ensure at least one function taken from among a drainage function and an insulation function;
   6. A first finishing layer carried by the first support layer;
   7. A second finishing layer carried by the second support layer;
2. Arrangement of the module according to its function, preferably by a robotic device; The layout of the module includes for example its positioning in a specific place and its orientation;
3. Printing of a hardening material in the module by at least one three-dimensional printing device, preferably robotic, the printing step being configured such that the ratio between the printing rate and the hardening time of the hardening material is configured so that the force generated by the pressure applied to the walls of the printing volume by the hardening material is less than a threshold value beyond which the first plane and the second plane deviate or tilt one by one relative to the other, preferably deviate by a distance of more than X% or deviate to present an inclination greater than X%, X being equal to 5, preferably to 2 and advantageously to 1.

The present invention thus makes it possible to pre-manufacture modules. These modules are light since they have a hollow volume formed by the printing volume.

The present invention thus allows storage and transport, as well as simple, rapid, reliable and easy handling of the modules.

The present invention thus makes it possible to position the module in its place and place to be immobilized there by the printing of a hardening material in the printing volume.

The present invention thus makes it possible to reinforce the mechanical strength of the modules in a simple, rapid, automated and reliable manner by using three-dimensional printing technology.

Cleverly, the printing of the hardening material is carried out such that the pressure exerted by the not yet solidified printed hardening material generates a spreading force on the first layer of support and the second layer of support which is less than a threshold of rupture equal to the retention force of the module before printing added to the retention force of the layers already printed and already solidified, even in the process of solidification.

The printing of the hardening material in the print volume is configured so that the pressure generated by the material being printed is below a predetermined modulus rupture threshold. Typically, a conventional solution of pouring a hardening material such as concrete inside the module would result in the module breaking or deforming. The dispensation of the hardening material by printing, as provided for in the invention, makes it possible to preserve the integrity of the module and a good parallelism of the first and second layers of support.

Once the printing is complete, the module can be freestanding.

1. Une première couche de support, de préférence en polymère imprimé, présentant une face interne s’étendant principalement selon un premier plan ;
2. Une deuxième couche de support, de préférence en polymère imprimé, présentant une face interne s’étendant principalement selon un deuxième plan parallèle au premier plan ;
3. Une pluralité de plots, de préférence présentant une structure stratifiée réalisée par impression tridimensionnelle, de préférence étant en polymère imprimé, répartis, de préférence en quadrillage, dans un plan intermédiaire parallèle au premier plan, maintenant à distance la première couche de support et la deuxième couche de support l’une de l’autre, cette pluralité de plots définissant un volume, dit volume d’impression, entre la première couche de support et la deuxième couche de support ;
4. Ledit volume d’impression enferme au moins un matériau durcissant, de préférence présentant une structure stratifiée dans ledit volume d’impression ;
5. Une couche fonctionnelle portée par la première et/ou la deuxième couche de support, la couche fonctionnelle étant configurée pour assurer au moins une fonction prise parmi une fonction de drainage et une fonction d’isolation;
6. Une première couche de finition portée par la première couche de support ;
7. Une deuxième couche de finition portée par la deuxième couche de support ;

The present invention also relates to a building, preferably formed in part at least by the method according to the present invention, comprising a plurality of modules, each module of the plurality of modules having the function of forming in part at least one among a wall, floor, ceiling, foundation, pillar, beam, roof, each module comprising at least:

1. A first support layer, preferably of printed polymer, having an internal face extending mainly along a first plane;
2. A second support layer, preferably of printed polymer, having an internal face extending mainly along a second plane parallel to the first plane;
3. A plurality of pads, preferably having a laminated structure produced by three-dimensional printing, preferably being made of printed polymer, distributed, preferably in a grid pattern, in an intermediate plane parallel to the first plane, maintaining the first support layer and the second support layer from each other, this plurality of studs defining a volume, called print volume, between the first support layer and the second support layer;
4. Said print volume encloses at least one hardening material, preferably having a layered structure in said print volume;
5. A functional layer carried by the first and/or the second support layer, the functional layer being configured to ensure at least one function taken from among a drainage function and an insulation function;
6. A first finishing layer carried by the first support layer;
7. A second finishing layer carried by the second support layer;

Said building comprising walls, at least one floor and at least one ceiling in which at least part of the walls is formed by at least part of the modules of the plurality of molds, in which at least part of the floors is formed by a another part of the modules of the plurality of modules, and in which at least part of the ceiling is formed by another part of the modules of the plurality of modules.

1. Une première couche de support présentant une face interne s’étendant principalement selon un premier plan ;
2. Une deuxième couche de support présentant une face interne s’étendant principalement selon un deuxième plan parallèle au premier plan ;
3. Une pluralité de plots maintenant à distance la première couche de support et la deuxième couche de support l’une de l’autre, cette pluralité de plots définissant un volume, dit volume d’impression, entre la première couche de support et la deuxième couche de support ;
4. Ledit volume d’impression est configuré pour recevoir au moins un matériau durcissant disposé en couches successives définissant une structure stratifiée imprimée dans ledit volume d’impression ;
5. Une couche fonctionnelle portée par la première et/ou la deuxième couche de support, la couche fonctionnelle étant configurée pour assurer au moins une fonction prise parmi une fonction de drainage et une fonction d’isolation;
6. Une première couche de finition portée par la première couche de support ;
7. Une deuxième couche de finition portée par la deuxième couche de support.

The present invention also relates to a module intended to form part of a building, said module being characterized in that it comprises at least:

1. A first support layer having an internal face extending mainly along a first plane;
2. A second support layer having an internal face extending mainly along a second plane parallel to the first plane;
3. A plurality of studs keeping the first support layer and the second support layer at a distance from each other, this plurality of studs defining a volume, called the print volume, between the first support layer and the second support;
4. Said print volume is configured to receive at least one hardening material arranged in successive layers defining a laminated structure printed in said print volume;
5. A functional layer carried by the first and/or the second support layer, the functional layer being configured to ensure at least one function taken from among a drainage function and an insulation function;
6. A first finishing layer carried by the first support layer;
7. A second top coat carried by the second backing coat.

The present invention makes it possible to design structural elements of a building off the construction site, for example, and to bring these elements in order to assemble them on the construction site of the building. Thus, each module forms a module. The assembly of different modules makes it possible to form a building.

Advantageously, these modules are finalized in the sense that they already include the finishing layers, for example paint, tiling, parquet, etc., and all that remains is to immobilize them on site.

The present invention makes it possible to have a robust, light and prefinished module that only remains to be immobilized on site by printing a hardening material such as concrete inside.

The present invention makes it possible to design building modules in an automated manner, at low cost and quickly.

The present invention uses the principle of 3D printing in order to fill and/or immobilize these modules on site by printing a hardening material in a dedicated volume.

The ratio between the printing rate and the curing time is configured so that the pressure applied to the walls of the printing volume is lower than the limit value of mechanical resistance of the first and second layers of support. The print rate is, for example, the rate at which hardening material is dispensed during printing.

Curing time is the time it takes for the dispensed curing material to harden sufficiently that a user cannot leave a mark on it with their finger. If the user, by pressing his finger on the hardening material with the sole force of his body, manages to form in the hardening material a cavity of at least 5 and preferably 2 millimeters, then the hardening material is not hardened and the hardening time is not reached.

The present invention thus makes it possible to create a stock of prefabricated modules ready for assembly on site, and not requiring subsequent finalization.

These modules are already painted, have passages for electrical cables for example or for plumbing.

Advantageously and optionally, these modules can already include electrical cables (power cable, network, video, etc.), pipes or plumbing elements and even ducts and ventilation elements.

Advantageously and optionally, these modules can also include one or more sensors such as: temperature sensor, humidity, wind speed measurement, air pollution, motion sensor, security camera.

Advantageously and optionally, these modules can also include one or more detectors such as: smoke detector, carbon monoxide detector, movement detector, door and window opening detector, flood detector.

Advantageously and optionally, these modules can also comprise one or more actuators, for example to open and close a window, a shutter, a door, a blind.

Advantageously and optionally, these modules can also include one or more measuring instruments, such as: Electricity, water and gas meter.

Advantageously and optionally, these modules can also include one or more multimedia installations, such as for example: speakers included in the wall or in the ceiling, white screen for overhead projector, home cinema.

Advantageously and optionally, these modules can also include windows, doors, gutters, heating installations already installed.

Advantageously and optionally, these modules can also include one or more renewable energy production facilities such as solar panels and/or geothermal energy systems already installed.

1. Impression tridimensionnelle de la première couche de support, de préférence en polymère ;
2. Impression tridimensionnelle de la deuxième couche de support, de préférence en polymère ;
3. Impression tridimensionnelle de la pluralité de plots sur la face interne de l’une parmi au moins la première et la deuxième couche de support ;
4. Impression tridimensionnelle de la première couche de finition sur la face externe de la première couche de support ;
5. Réalisation de la couche fonctionnelle sur la face externe de la deuxième grille ;
6. Impression tridimensionnelle de la deuxième couche de finition sur la face externe de la couche fonctionnelle.

The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing at least one module according to the present invention comprising at least the following steps:

1. Three-dimensional printing of the first support layer, preferably in polymer;
2. Three-dimensional printing of the second support layer, preferably in polymer;
3. Three-dimensional printing of the plurality of studs on the internal face of at least one of the first and the second support layers;
4. Three-dimensional printing of the first finishing layer on the outer face of the first support layer;
5. Realization of the functional layer on the external face of the second gate;
6. Three-dimensional printing of the second finishing layer on the external face of the functional layer.

The present invention also relates to a building portion comprising a plurality of modules according to the present invention, the building portion forming one of: a wall, a floor, a ceiling, a pillar, a foundation and a beam.

The present invention also relates to a wall intended to form part of a building comprising at least one module according to the present invention.

The present invention also relates to a floor intended to form part of a building comprising at least one module according to the present invention.

The present invention also relates to a ceiling intended to form part of a building comprising a module according to the present invention.

The present invention also relates to a pillar intended to form part of a building comprising a plurality of modules according to the present invention.

The present invention also relates to a beam intended to form part of a building comprising a plurality of modules according to the present invention.

The aims, objects, as well as the characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge better from the detailed description of an embodiment of the latter which is illustrated by the following accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 represents a sectional view of a portion of a module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 represents a first grid seen from below according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 represents a perspective view of the first grid according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 represents a perspective view of the first grid comprising a plurality of pads according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 represents a perspective view of the first grid comprising a plurality of studs partially supporting at least one armature according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 represents a perspective view of the first grid comprising a plurality of pads partially supporting at least one armature according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 represents a bottom view of the first grid comprising a plurality of studs partially supporting at least one armature according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 represents the first grid surmounted by a first layer of mechanical reinforcement according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 represents the first layer of mechanical reinforcement surmounted by a first coating layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 represents the superposition of the first grid and of the second grid according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 represents the superposition of the first grid and of the second grid according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 represents the installation of a frame intended to form part of an insulation layer on the external face of the second grid according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 represents the three-dimensional impression of a first layer of additional mechanical reinforcement on the external face of the second grid in the space defined by the frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 represents the three-dimensional impression of an insulator in the space defined by the frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 15 shows the positioning of a cover over the printed insulation according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 16 shows an insulation layer and the printing of a second finishing layer on its external face according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 17 shows a first step in forming beading according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 18 depicts the formation of beading according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 19 shows the formation of beading according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 represents a sectional view of a portion of a module according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 21 represents a first grid seen from below according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 22 shows a perspective view of the first grid according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23 represents a perspective view of the first grid comprising a first subset of pads according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24 represents a perspective view of the first grid comprising a first subset of studs partially supporting at least a first armature according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 25 represents a perspective view of the first grid comprising a first subset of pads partially supporting at least a first armature and a second subset of pads partially supporting at least a second armature according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 26 represents the first grid surmounted by a first layer of mechanical reinforcement according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 27 represents the first grid surmounted by a first finishing layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 28 shows the formation of beading on the first coating layer according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 29 shows the formation of beading on the first coating layer according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 30 shows the second grid according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 31 represents the installation of a frame on the external face of the second grid, this frame being intended to form in part an insulation layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 32 shows an insulation layer according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 33 shows the positioning of a heat transfer fluid pipe on the outer face of the insulation layer according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 34 represents the three-dimensional impression of a second layer of mechanical reinforcement embedding said pipe of calorific fluid according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 35 represents the positioning of tiling slabs on the external face of the second layer of mechanical reinforcement according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 36 shows the storage of a module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 37 shows an exploded view of a house according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 38 shows a sectional view of the house in exploded view illustrated in Figure 37 according to one embodiment of the present invention

Figure 39 illustrates two walls according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 40 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a wall according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 41 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a wall according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 42 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a wall being filled with a hardening material printed according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 43 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a first face of a pillar or beam according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 44 illustrates a perspective view of the first face of a pillar or beam according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 45 illustrates the four faces of a pillar or beam according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 46 illustrates an exploded view of an abutment according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 47 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a pillar or beam according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 48 illustrates a perspective view of a pillar or beam according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 49 illustrates an exploded view of a house resting on a floating platform according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 50 illustrates an exploded, cross-sectional view of a house resting on a floating platform according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 51 illustrates a perspective view of a floating platform according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 52 illustrates a perspective view of an open book module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 53 illustrates a perspective view of an open book module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 54 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a module in which the functional layer includes a drainage layer according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 55 illustrates a perspective view of a module in which the functional layer includes a drainage layer according to one embodiment of the present invention.

The drawings are given by way of examples and do not limit the invention. They constitute schematic representations of principle intended to facilitate understanding of the invention and are not necessarily scaled to practical applications. In particular the dimensions are not representative of reality.

Before commencing a detailed review of embodiments of the invention, the following are optional features which may optionally be used in combination or alternatively:

According to one embodiment, the printing step is configured such that the ratio between the printing rate and the hardening time of the hardening material is configured so that the force generated by the pressure applied to the walls of the volume of printing by the hardening material is less than a threshold value beyond which the first plane and the second plane deviate by a distance of more than 5% or deviate to present an inclination greater than 5%, preferably at beyond which the first plane and the second plane deviate by a distance of more than 3% or deviate to present an inclination greater than 3%.

1. après les étapes suivantes:
   1. Disposition à l’horizontale du module ;
   2. Passage de la première position à la deuxième position, de préférence par un dispositif robotisé ;
2. avant l’étape suivante;
   1. Passage de la deuxième position à la première position, de préférence par un dispositif robotisé.

According to one embodiment, the first module is configured to form a floor and in which the first module comprises at least one hinge element and in which the first support layer is articulated in rotation with respect to the second support layer by the intermediate of the hinge element so as to allow the alternating passage from a first position in which the first and second planes are parallel to each other to a second position in which the first and second planes are inclined one with respect to the other, the alternating passage from the first position to the second position taking place by rotation around an axis parallel to the first plane and/or to the second plane, and in which the said step of printing the hardening material in the module by at least one three-dimensional printing device is carried out:

1. after the following steps:
   1. Horizontal arrangement of the module;
   2. Passage from the first position to the second position, preferably by a robotic device;
2. before the next step;
   1. Passage from the second position to the first position, preferably by a robotic device.

According to one embodiment, the method according to the present invention comprises the supply, preferably by a robotic device, of at least a first module having the function of forming in part at least one of a wall, a floor, a pillar, a beam, a ceiling, a foundation, a roof, and the first and/or the second module comprise at least one junction element configured to ensure the mechanical junction between the first module and the second module.

According to one embodiment, the building according to the present invention comprises at least one pillar and at least a part of the pillar is formed by at least another part of the modules of the plurality of modules.

According to one embodiment, the building according to the present invention comprises at least one beam and at least a part of the beam is formed by at least another part of the modules of the plurality of modules.

According to one embodiment, the building according to the present invention comprises at least one foundation and at least part of the foundation is formed by at least one other part of the modules of the plurality of modules.

According to one embodiment, the roof is formed in part at least by a polymer roof support, preferably produced by three-dimensional printing, supporting at least a plurality of tiles.

According to one embodiment, the first support layer comprises at least a first grid having a laminated structure, preferably produced by three-dimensional printing, preferably of printed polymer fibers, and the second support layer comprises at least a second grid presenting a laminated structure, preferably made by three-dimensional printing, preferably of printed polymer fibers.

This makes it possible to easily, quickly and inexpensively manufacture the first support layer as well as the second support layer.

This allows the first support layer and the second support layer to be very light yet strong.

According to one embodiment, the first grid comprises at least one polymer matrix having a mesh parameter of less than 5cm, preferably 1cm, and advantageously 0.5 cm, and the second grid comprises at least one polymer matrix having a mesh parameter of less than 5 cm, preferably 1 cm, and advantageously 0.5 cm.

This makes it possible to present a certain tightness with respect to hardening materials, in particular hardening materials having a viscosity selected so that during the deposition of the hardening material or materials, these cannot pass through the grid.

According to one embodiment, the first grid comprises a multilayer configuration composed of a layer of transverse fibers arranged between two layers of longitudinal fibers, and the second grid comprises a multilayer configuration composed of a layer of transverse fibers arranged between two layers of longitudinal fibers.

This makes it possible to increase the rigidity of the first grid and the second grid while reducing the quantity of material, and the weight, necessary for the same rigidity.

According to one embodiment, the first grid and the second grid each comprise a laminated structure, this laminated structure being produced by three-dimensional printing of one or more polymers.

This makes it possible to easily, quickly and inexpensively manufacture the first support layer.

This allows the first layer of support to be very light yet robust.

According to one embodiment, the plurality of pads is configured to support, in part at least, at least one metal reinforcement.

This reinforces the module mechanically.

According to one embodiment, the first finishing layer comprises at least a first layer of mechanical reinforcement, preferably having a laminated structure, placed on the external face of the first support layer, and the second finishing layer comprises at least one second layer of mechanical reinforcement, preferably having a laminated structure produced by three-dimensional printing, placed on the outer face of the second support layer or on the outer face of the insulation layer.

This reinforces the module mechanically.

This makes it possible to ensure the tightness of the module with respect to the environment, in particular to climatic conditions for example.

According to one embodiment, the first layer of mechanical reinforcement comprises at least one thermal device, preferably a pipe for circulating a calorific fluid, embedded in said first layer of mechanical reinforcement.

According to one embodiment, the first layer of mechanical reinforcement comprises at least one thermal device configured to transfer heat to or from the module, preferably a pipe for circulating a calorific fluid, embedded in said first layer of mechanical reinforcement .

This makes it possible to functionalize the surface defined by one side of the module thus formed by allowing the adjustment of the temperature of said surface by a thermal device.

According to one embodiment, the first finishing layer comprises at least a first coating layer, preferably having a laminated structure produced by three-dimensional printing, located on the surface of the first layer of mechanical reinforcement and comprising at least one of : a coating, slabs of tiling, parquet, stones, plaster, paint, moldings.

This makes it possible to design so-called finished modules, because they require no or very few finishes, decorations, once installed.

According to one embodiment, the second finishing layer comprises at least a second coating layer, preferably having a laminated structure produced by three-dimensional printing, located on the surface of the second mechanical reinforcement layer and comprising at least one of : a coating, slabs of tiling, parquet, stones, plaster, paint, moldings.

This makes it possible to design so-called finished modules, because they require no or very few finishes, decorations, once installed.

According to one embodiment, the functional layer comprises a drainage layer configured to drain the liquids in contact with said layer.

This makes it possible to respond to the problem of effectively draining water using a structure that is particularly quick and inexpensive to set up. This solution is in particular much faster and more economical to implement than a conventional solution consisting of providing a volume of stone of different diameters arranged in front of the side of a foundation.

According to one embodiment, the drainage layer comprises a first plurality of filters, a second plurality of filters and a third plurality of filters, the first plurality of filters having a particle size smaller than the particle size of the second plurality of filters, the particle size of the second plurality of filters being smaller than the particle size of the third plurality of filters, the first plurality of filters being disposed upstream of the second plurality of filters relative to the direction of drainage of the liquids, the second plurality of filters being disposed upstream of the third plurality of filters relative to the direction of drainage of the liquids.

According to one embodiment, at least part of the filters of each plurality of filters has a laminated structure produced by three-dimensional printing, preferably from a polymer material.

According to one embodiment, the drainage layer comprises a plurality of drainage pipes inclined with respect to a horizontal plane so as to allow the drainage of liquids.

According to one embodiment, at least part of the plurality of drainage pipes has a laminated structure produced by three-dimensional printing, preferably from a polymeric material.

According to one embodiment, at least part of the plurality of drainage pipes is inclined relative to a horizontal plane according to a slope less than 10cm/m, preferably 5cm/m and advantageously 2cm/m.

According to one embodiment, at least part of the plurality of drainage pipes has a diameter of less than 20cm, preferably 10cm and advantageously 7cm.

According to one embodiment, the functional layer comprises at least one insulation layer, the insulation layer comprising at least one frame defining an insulation space arranged between the outer face of the second support layer and a cover carried by said framework.

According to one embodiment, the insulation space is intended to receive at least one insulating material, preferably having a laminated structure produced by three-dimensional printing.

This creates a layer of insulation.

According to one embodiment, the insulation layer comprises at least one first layer of additional mechanical reinforcement, preferably having a laminated structure produced by three-dimensional printing, placed on the outer face of the second support layer.

This allows the module to be mechanically reinforced.

According to one embodiment, the insulation layer comprises, preferably in the insulation space, passages intended for the passage of cables and/or fluid pipes.

This makes it possible to predispose the passages and pipes necessary for electricity, plumbing, boiler room, etc.

This makes it particularly easy and reproducible to integrate cables, ducts or pipes or lines. This makes it possible to respond to the problem of simplifying the integration into a building of the various distribution networks, such as electrical networks, communication networks, gas networks, hydraulic networks (cold water, hot water, waste water).

According to one embodiment, the insulation layer comprises at least one thermal device configured to transfer heat to or from the module, preferably a pipe for circulating a calorific fluid, disposed at least partly in the space insulation.

According to one embodiment, the cover comprises a third grid, preferably made of printed polymer fibers.

According to one embodiment, the module according to the present invention comprises at least one hinge element and the first support layer is hinged in rotation with respect to the second support layer via the hinge element so as to allow the alternating passage from a first position where the first and second planes are parallel to each other to a second position where the first and second planes are inclined with respect to each other, the alternating passage from the first position to the second position being effected by rotation around an axis parallel to the first plane and/or to the second plane.

Thus, the first support layer and the second support layer are secured to each other by means of at least one hinge element configured to allow the reversible passage from a position where the first and second planes are parallel l to each other at a position where the first and second planes intersect each other.

This makes it possible to open the module like a book in order for example to print inside it in the printing volume of the concrete and/or an insulator, mainly when the module extends in a horizontal plane as if to form a floor and/or ceiling.

This makes it possible to respond to the problem of forming in a particularly simple, reliable and rapid way a module entering into the constitution of a floor or a ceiling of a building. In particular, relative positioning errors between the first and second support layers are avoided when dispensing a hardening material.

According to one embodiment, the plurality of pads has a laminated structure is printed on the internal face of one of the first grid and the second grid.

This allows during the manufacture of the grids, to manufacture at the same time, or at least with the same machine, the pads.

This makes it possible to design the studs, their positions, their physico-chemical characteristics, their dimensions, their modules, according to the design needs with great precision.

According to one embodiment, the method according to the present invention comprises, after or during the step of printing the plurality of studs, the installation of at least one metal reinforcement supported by said plurality of studs.

According to one embodiment, the first grid and the second grid each comprise a laminated structure formed from one or more polymers.

According to one embodiment, the plurality of pads is configured to support, at least in part and preferably on its own, at least one metal reinforcement, the metal reinforcement preferably extending being preferably fixed to the plurality of pads.

1. L’impression tridimensionnelle sur la face externe de la première couche de support d’au moins une première couche de renforcement mécanique ;
2. L’impression, de préférence tridimensionnelle, sur la face externe de la première couche de renforcement mécanique d’au moins une première couche de revêtement.

According to one embodiment, the three-dimensional printing of the first finishing layer comprises at least:

1. Three-dimensional printing on the outer face of the first support layer of at least a first layer of mechanical reinforcement;
2. Printing, preferably three-dimensional, on the outer face of the first mechanical reinforcement layer of at least a first coating layer.

1. L’impression tridimensionnelle sur la face externe de la couche d’isolation d’au moins une deuxième couche de renforcement mécanique ;
2. L’impression, de préférence tridimensionnelle, sur la face externe de la deuxième couche de renforcement mécanique d’une deuxième couche de revêtement.

According to one embodiment, the three-dimensional printing of the second finishing layer comprises at least:

1. The three-dimensional printing on the outer face of the insulation layer of at least one second layer of mechanical reinforcement;
2. Printing, preferably three-dimensional, on the external face of the second layer of mechanical reinforcement of a second coating layer.

1. L’installation d’un cadre sur la face externe de la deuxième couche de support ;
2. L’impression tridimensionnelle d’une première couche de renforcement mécanique additionnelle sur une partie au moins de la face externe de la deuxième couche de support à l’intérieur de l’espace défini par ledit cadre ;
3. Remplissage de l’espace d’isolation défini par ledit cadre par un matériau isolant, de préférence par impression tridimensionnelle ;
4. Disposition d’un couvercle au-dessus, et de préférence au contact, dudit cadre et dudit matériau isolant.

According to one embodiment, the production of the functional layer comprises the production of an insulation layer comprising at least:

1. Installing a frame on the outer face of the second support layer;
2. Three-dimensional printing of a first layer of additional mechanical reinforcement on at least part of the outer face of the second support layer inside the space defined by said frame;
3. Filling of the insulation space defined by said frame with an insulating material, preferably by three-dimensional printing;
4. Provision of a cover above, and preferably in contact with, said frame and said insulating material.

According to one embodiment, the method according to the present invention comprises, during and/or after the step of producing the insulation layer, the positioning in the insulation layer of at least one passage intended to receive at least one of at least: an electric cable, a pipe, a ventilation, an optical cable, a heat pipe or any other thermal device and/or heating installation.

1. L’impression d’une première couche de renforcement mécanique additionnelle sur la face externe de la deuxième couche de support ;
2. L’impression tridimensionnelle d’une première pluralité de filtres, d’une deuxième pluralité de filtres et d’une troisième pluralité de filtres sur la face externe de la première couche de renforcement mécanique ;
3. L’impression et/ou le positionnement d’au moins un tuyau de drainage sur une partie au moins de la première pluralité de filtres et/ou de la deuxième pluralité de filtres et/ou de la troisième pluralité de filtres et/ou de la face externe de la première couche de renforcement mécanique.

According to one embodiment, the production of the functional layer comprises the production of a drainage layer comprising at least:

1. The printing of a first layer of additional mechanical reinforcement on the external face of the second support layer;
2. Three-dimensional printing of a first plurality of filters, a second plurality of filters and a third plurality of filters on the outer face of the first layer of mechanical reinforcement;
3. Printing and/or positioning at least one drainage pipe on at least part of the first plurality of filters and/or of the second plurality of filters and/or of the third plurality of filters and/or of the outer face of the first layer of mechanical reinforcement.

According to one embodiment, the method according to the present invention comprises a step of joining the first layer of support with the second layer of support, this joining being carried out by at least one of the following ways: bonding of the plurality of studs on the internal face of the other among at least the first and the second support layer, production of at least one hinge element integral with the first support layer and with the second support layer.

It is specified that in the context of the present invention, the term “three-dimensional printing” means a method of depositing material whose flow rate and/or positioning of the deposit are controlled. Preferably, the flow rate is less than 6L/second, preferably 2L/second and advantageously 1L/second. Preferably the positioning of the deposit is controlled to the nearest meter, preferably to the nearest centimeter and advantageously to the nearest millimeter. Advantageously, three-dimensional printing is configured so that the first printed layers, called lower layers, can solidify quickly enough to support the upper layers being printed without deforming. Advantageously, each printed layer between two elements has a width corresponding to the intermediate space between said two elements.

For example, the material is deposited by a device, one end of which includes a material dispensing device, such as a printhead, a nozzle or a pipe. At least one of the part being printed and the dispensing member are movable, so as to allow relative mobility between the part being printed and the dispensing member. According to this example, this relative mobility is ensured by at least one actuator piloted by an automatic pilot module. Thus, the actuator dispenses the material automatically and autonomously. Autopilot mode pilots at least one actuator by executing computer instructions. Therefore, relative mobility is not provided manually by an operator. Advantageously, a printed layer corresponds to a single relative movement of the printing device or of the printing zone.

It will be noted that those skilled in the art will know how to adapt the flow rate, the thickness of the layers, the nature of the materials, the viscosity, the speed of solidification, the melting temperature, and any other characteristics so as to produce the three-dimensional printing in the conditions required by the present invention.

In the context of this description, it is considered that a step of three-dimensional printing of a layer, a stud or any other part consists in producing this layer, this stud is another part by three-dimensional printing.

According to one embodiment, by printed part is meant a part whose structure has a stratification due to the three-dimensional printing process used. A stratified structure corresponds for example to a structure having a stack of layers which may or may not be identical in their nature, shape, composition or thickness. In particular, a three-dimensionally printed part has a stratified structure at least when it is cut in two along a preferential plane. Preferably, the laminated structure of a three-dimensionally printed part can have a stack of layers that are substantially identical to each other.

It should be noted that the thicknesses are considered along an axis orthogonal to the extension plane of the layer considered.

The present invention relates to a mobile module, intended to be self-supporting and/or fixed to the ground, and intended to partially form at least one building, such as a house for example.

Advantageously, and as described below, this module is configured to form, at least in part, a wall, a floor, a foundation or even a ceiling.

Indeed, such a module, according to one embodiment, taken alone or in combination, is configured to form both the walls, the floor, and the ceiling, or even the foundations of the building thus formed according to a preferred embodiment. of the invention.

1. Une première couche de support ; avantageusement cette première couche de support comprend une première grille, de préférence en polymère, avantageusement en fibres de polymère imprimées ; La première grille s’étend dans un premier plan ;
2. une deuxième couche de support ; avantageusement cette deuxième couche de support comprend une deuxième grille, de préférence en polymère, avantageusement en fibres de polymère imprimées ; La deuxième grille s’étend dans un deuxième plan parallèle audit premier plan ;
3. une pluralité de plots répartis, de préférence en quadrillage, dans un plan intermédiaire entre la première grille et la deuxième grille, ledit plan intermédiaire étant parallèle audit premier plan et/ou audit deuxième plan ; La séparation ainsi formée entre la première grille et la deuxième grille définit un volume d’impression destiné à recevoir un matériau durcissant imprimé ;
4. une couche fonctionnelle pouvant comprendre une couche de drainage et/ou une couche d’isolation, la couche fonctionnelle étant portée par au moins l’une parmi la première grille et la deuxième grille ; La couche d’isolation pouvant comprendre au moins un matériau isolant, de préférence un cadre encadrant ledit matériau isolant et une troisième grille disposée de sorte que le matériau isolant soit situé entre la troisième grille et l’une parmi la première et la deuxième grille ; La couche de drainage pouvant comprendre au moins une pluralité de filtres et/ou une pluralité de tuyaux de drainage ; avantageusement, et tel que décrit par la suite, la pluralité de filtres peut comprendre une première pluralité de filtres, une deuxième pluralité de filtres et une troisième pluralité de filtres ayant tous une granulométrie relative graduelle en fonction de leur positionnement relativement au sens d’écoulement des liquides drainés ;
5. une première couche de finition portée par la première grille ; la première couche de finition pouvant comprendre une première couche de renforcement mécanique et/ou une première couche de revêtement ; cette première couche de finition peut être réalisée sur ou au niveau de la face externe de la première grille ;
6. une deuxième couche de finition portée par la deuxième grille ; la deuxième couche de finition pouvant comprendre une deuxième couche de renforcement mécanique et/ou une deuxième couche de revêtement ; cette deuxième couche de finition peut être réalisée sur ou au niveau de la face externe de la deuxième grille.
7. De préférence, la première couche de renforcement mécanique est portée par la première grille ; ladite première couche de renforcement mécanique est imprimée, de préférence directement, sur la face externe de la première grille.
8. De préférence, la deuxième couche de renforcement mécanique est portée par la deuxième grille ; ladite deuxième couche de renforcement mécanique est imprimée, de préférence directement, au niveau de ou sur la face externe de la deuxième grille ; Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, la deuxième couche de renforcement mécanique est imprimée sur une face de la deuxième couche de finition.

As described below, according to one embodiment, the module comprises:

1. A first support layer; advantageously this first support layer comprises a first grid, preferably made of polymer, advantageously made of printed polymer fibers; The first grid extends into a foreground;
2. a second backing layer; advantageously this second support layer comprises a second grid, preferably made of polymer, advantageously made of printed polymer fibers; The second grid extends in a second plane parallel to said first plane;
3. a plurality of pads distributed, preferably in a grid, in an intermediate plane between the first grid and the second grid, said intermediate plane being parallel to said first plane and/or to said second plane; The separation thus formed between the first grid and the second grid defines a printing volume intended to receive a printed hardening material;
4. a functional layer which may comprise a drainage layer and/or an insulation layer, the functional layer being carried by at least one of the first grid and the second grid; The insulation layer possibly comprising at least one insulating material, preferably a frame surrounding said insulating material and a third grid arranged so that the insulating material is located between the third grid and one of the first and the second grid; The drainage layer possibly comprising at least a plurality of filters and/or a plurality of drainage pipes; advantageously, and as described later, the plurality of filters may comprise a first plurality of filters, a second plurality of filters and a third plurality of filters all having a gradual relative particle size according to their positioning relative to the direction of flow drained fluids;
5. a first finishing layer carried by the first grid; the first finishing layer possibly comprising a first layer of mechanical reinforcement and/or a first coating layer; this first finishing layer can be carried out on or at the level of the external face of the first grid;
6. a second finishing layer carried by the second grid; the second finishing layer possibly comprising a second layer of mechanical reinforcement and/or a second coating layer; this second finishing layer can be carried out on or at the level of the external face of the second grid.
7. Preferably, the first layer of mechanical reinforcement is carried by the first grid; said first layer of mechanical reinforcement is printed, preferably directly, on the external face of the first grid.
8. Preferably, the second layer of mechanical reinforcement is carried by the second grid; said second layer of mechanical reinforcement is printed, preferably directly, at or on the external face of the second grid; According to a preferred embodiment, the second layer of mechanical reinforcement is printed on one side of the second finishing layer.

According to one embodiment, the plurality of pads defines a print volume between the first grid and the second grid.

According to one embodiment, the plurality of pads can carry, in part at least, at least one metal reinforcement.

Advantageously, this print volume is configured to receive at least one hardening material such as concrete, for example.

Advantageously, this hardening material is printed in this printing volume so as to control the pressure exerted by said hardening material on the walls of said printing volume thus defined. Printing means a method of depositing a material on a specific area at a specific rate, generally the area is of relatively small size and the rate is relatively low. For example, the three-dimensional printing device of the hardening material has an output diameter of less than 16 cm, preferably 12 cm and advantageously 8 cm, and the printing rate is less than 6L/sec, preferably 2L / sec and advantageously at 1 L / sec.

Thus, the module, according to one embodiment of the present invention, is configured so that, when it forms a wall or part of a wall, having a space intended to be filled with printed concrete or any other printed material of this guy. In particular, the module may have a print volume intended to receive concrete, preferably stamped concrete.

We will now describe through a plurality of figures the present invention and various embodiments thereof.

Figure 1 illustrates a sectional view of a portion of a module 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably intended to partially form at least one wall.

In this figure, we note that the module 100 has a stack of layers 160, 150, 120, 130, 110, 140.

Indeed, we note first of all said print volume 132 previously discussed. In this print volume 132 there is a first 131a and a second 131b metal reinforcement each supported by studs 130a, 130b.

Indeed, in this figure 1, the plurality of studs 130 comprises a first subset of studs 130a and a second subset of studs 130b. The first subset of pots 130a partially supports at least the first metal frame 131a. The second subset of pads 130b partially supports at least the second metal reinforcement 131b.

Advantageously, but not limitingly, the second subset of studs 130b is arranged directly above the first subset of studs 130a, and preferably in contact with it, advantageously direct.

Advantageously, the pads of the second subset of pads 130b are printed, preferably directly, on the pads of the first subset of pads 130a. This therefore makes it possible to secure the two subsets of pads 130a and 130b.

Then the second grid 120 can for example be secured, for example glued, to the second subset of pads 130b.

According to another embodiment, the first subset of pads 130a is produced by three-dimensional printing on the internal face 111 of the first grid 110.

Preferably, the second subset of studs 130b is produced by three-dimensional printing on the internal face 121 of the second grid 120.

Advantageously, the two subsets of studs 130a and 130b are secured to each other by means of bonding and/or metal reinforcements. These metal reinforcements can for example secure the metal reinforcements 131a and 131b carried by each subset of studs 130a and 130b with each other.

Note in this figure that the first subset of studs 130a is arranged on the internal face 111 of the first grid 110, and that the second subset of studs 130b is arranged on the internal face 121 of the second grid 120.

According to one embodiment, the first grid 110 comprises a plurality of polymer fibers arranged along mainly two axes, preferably orthogonal, so as to define a matrix of polymer fibers, preferably whose mesh has a dimension preferably less than 5 cm , advantageously 1 cm.

According to one embodiment, the second grid 120 has the same structural and physico-chemical characteristics as the first grid 110. The second grid 120 advantageously comprises a matrix of polymer fibers, the mesh of which preferably has a dimension of less than 5 cm, advantageously at 2 cm.

According to one embodiment, the thickness of the first grid is less than 5 cm, preferably less than 1 cm, and advantageously less than 0.5 cm.

According to one embodiment, the thickness of the second grid is less than 5 cm, preferably less than 1 cm, and advantageously less than 0.5 cm.

In FIG. 1, the outer face 112 of the first grid 110 bears, at least in part, a first finishing layer 140. This first finishing layer 140 preferably comprises a first layer of mechanical reinforcement 141 and preferably a first layer coating 142. This first layer of mechanical reinforcement 141 may comprise, for example, a hardening material, preferably printed on the outer face 112 of the first grid 110. This first coating layer 142 may comprise, for example, a coating, a plaster or even a coat of paint.

Advantageously, the first layer of mechanical reinforcement 140 can for example comprise concrete or any other material of the same type allowing on the one hand sealing and on the other hand a mechanical reinforcement of the first grid 110.

Advantageously, the first finishing layer is printed.

In this figure, the second gate 120 bears on its outer face 122 an insulation layer 150. This insulation layer 150, as described below, comprises a frame 151 delimiting an insulation space 156 intended and capable of to receive an insulating material, such as polyurethane for example, preferably printed. In a particularly advantageous manner, this insulation space 156 is configured to receive one or a plurality of passages 155. These passages 155 are intended to receive one or more cables or fluid pipes. This makes it possible, for example, to pre-install electrical cables or pipes, or at least to provide the necessary passages. Then, a cover, preferably in the form of a third grid 154, preferably in polymer, advantageously printed, is arranged to define, with the frame 151 and the second grid 120, the insulation space 156. As discussed Subsequently, this insulation space 156 can also receive various devices, including for example a thermal device 157 in the form of one or more pipes of calorific fluids for example.

It will be noted that in a particularly advantageous manner as described below and according to one embodiment, one or more thermal devices, preferably one or more heat pipes, can be arranged in any type of module according to the present invention. For example, one or more heat pipes can be placed in a wall 210, a floor 220, a ceiling 230, a roof 240, a foundation 251 or even a pillar 260 or a beam.

This insulation layer 150, according to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, comprises on its external face, formed of the third grid 154, a finishing layer 160. This finishing layer 160 preferably comprises a second layer of mechanical reinforcement 161 and advantageously a second coating layer 162 deposited on the surface of said second mechanical reinforcement layer 161.

Preferably, the second topcoat 160 is printed.

In a particularly advantageous manner, the module 100 of FIG. 1 makes it possible to partially form at least one wall 210 of the building 200. This wall 210 is thus prefabricated even before arriving at the place of construction, the paints are made, the finishes are finished, the passages are ready, all that remains is to place the finalized wall 210 in its place in the building 200 under construction. Then once installed, it is necessary to print in the print volume 132 previously defined a hardening material such as concrete for example. In this case the reinforcement 131 or the metal reinforcements 131a, 131b provide reinforcement for the module 100. The hardening material, concrete for example, is cleverly printed and not poured so that the pressure it exerts on the walls of the volume d printing does not exceed a certain threshold, resistance threshold of the module 100.

Thus, in a particularly advantageous manner, the present invention makes it possible to manufacture in advance walls 210 already decorated and equipped, which are configured to be installed on the construction site and to be reinforced there mechanically by printing concrete in the printing volume. 132. The three-dimensional printing technique is particularly practical, because it makes it possible to control the flow and the positioning of the concrete and thus to reduce, or even prevent excessive pressure from being applied to the walls defining the said volume of printing 132. In particular, the three-dimensional printing technique allows as one prints that the concrete hardens, thus the material is solidified even before the printing volume 132 is filled, preferably completely.

We will now describe, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a method of manufacturing a module 100 intended to form part of a wall 210 through Figures 2 to 19.

1. Impression tridimensionnelle de la première grille 110 ;
2. Impression tridimensionnelle de la deuxième grille 120 ;
3. Impression tridimensionnelle de la pluralité de plots 130 sur la face interne 111, 121 de l’une parmi au moins la première 110 et la deuxième 120 grille ;
4. Impression tridimensionnelle de la première couche de finition 140 sur la face externe 112 de la première grille comprenant :
   • l’impression d’une première couche de renforcement mécanique 141 sur la face externe 112 de la première grille 110 ;
   • réalisation d’une première couche de revêtement 142 sur la face externe la première couche de renforcement mécanique 141 ;
5. Réalisation de la couche d’isolation 150 sur la face externe 122 de la deuxième grille 120 comprenant de préférence :
   • le positionnement d’un cadre 151 définissant les pourtours de la couche d’isolation 150 ;
   • l’impression d’une première couche de renforcement mécanique additionnelle 152 sur la face externe 122 de la deuxième grille 120 ;
   • l’impression d’une couche d’isolant 153 ;
   • le positionnement d’une troisième grille 154 au-dessus et de préférence au contact de la couche d’isolant 153 ;
6. Impression tridimensionnelle d’une deuxième couche de finition 160 sur la face externe de la couche d’isolation 150 comprenant :
   • l’impression d’une deuxième couche de renforcement mécanique 161 sur la face externe de la couche d’isolation 150 ;
   • réalisation d’une deuxième couche de revêtement 162 sur la face externe la deuxième couche de renforcement mécanique 161.

According to one embodiment, the method of manufacturing a module 100 intended to form a wall 210 comprises at least the following steps:

1. Three-dimensional printing of the first grid 110;
2. Three-dimensional printing of the second grid 120;
3. Three-dimensional printing of the plurality of pads 130 on the internal face 111, 121 of one of at least the first 110 and the second 120 grid;
4. Three-dimensional printing of the first finishing layer 140 on the outer face 112 of the first grid comprising:
   • the printing of a first layer of mechanical reinforcement 141 on the external face 112 of the first grid 110;
   • production of a first coating layer 142 on the outer face of the first mechanical reinforcement layer 141;
5. Production of the insulation layer 150 on the outer face 122 of the second gate 120 preferably comprising:
   • the positioning of a frame 151 defining the edges of the insulation layer 150;
   • the printing of a first layer of additional mechanical reinforcement 152 on the external face 122 of the second grid 120;
   • printing a layer of insulation 153;
   • positioning a third grid 154 above and preferably in contact with the insulating layer 153;
6. Three-dimensional printing of a second finishing layer 160 on the outer face of the insulation layer 150 comprising:
   • the printing of a second layer of mechanical reinforcement 161 on the external face of the insulation layer 150;
   • production of a second coating layer 162 on the outer face of the second mechanical reinforcement layer 161.

According to one embodiment, the thickness of the third grid is less than 5 cm, preferably less than 1 cm, and advantageously less than 0.5 cm.

According to one embodiment, the thickness of the first finishing layer is less than 40 mm, preferably less than 15 mm, and advantageously less than 5 mm.

According to one embodiment, the thickness of the second finishing layer is less than 40 mm, preferably 15 mm, and advantageously 5 mm.

According to one embodiment, the thickness of the first layer of mechanical reinforcement is less than 20 mm, preferably 10 mm, and advantageously 3 mm.

According to one embodiment, the thickness of the second layer of mechanical reinforcement is less than 20 mm, preferably less than 10 mm, and advantageously less than 3 mm.

According to one embodiment, the thickness of the first coating layer is less than 20 mm, preferably 5 mm, and advantageously 2 mm.

According to one embodiment, the thickness of the second coating layer is less than 20 mm, preferably 5 mm, and advantageously 2 mm.

According to one embodiment, the thickness of the insulation layer is less than 40 cm, preferably 15 cm, and advantageously 5 cm.

Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the first support layer comprising the first grid 110 according to one embodiment of the present invention. This first grid 110, as indicated above, is preferably produced by three-dimensional printing, advantageously from polymer fibers. In these figures, the matrix conformation of the first grid 110 is clearly represented, which comprises elements extending along two, preferably three planes parallel to each other, the central plane being called the first plane. Note that the elements of a plane are integral with the elements of the plane(s) in direct contact. Thus, the first grid 110 comprises a first plurality of longitudinal elements, preferably regularly spaced from each other, taken between two pluralities of transverse elements, preferably equally spaced from each other. The configuration of these elements advantageously forms a mesh, preferably a matrix, advantageously a grid.

FIG. 4 represents the step of manufacturing the plurality of studs 130 on the internal face 111 of the first grid 110, preferably by three-dimensional printing, preferably of one or more polymers. These pads 130 are preferably distributed according to a grid on the surface of the internal face 111 of the first grid 110.

Preferably, these studs 130 have holes 130c, recesses, or even openings, passages, intended to allow the arrangement of a metal reinforcement 131 according to certain embodiments as illustrated in FIG. 5.

Figures 5 and 6 show a perspective view of the internal face 111 of the first grid 110 comprising the plurality of pads 130, preferably printed. Each stud 130 is advantageously crossed in at least one direction, preferably in two directions, by part of a metal frame 131.

According to one embodiment, each stud 130 is crossed in two orthogonal directions by the metallic reinforcement 131. Indeed, preferably, the metallic reinforcement 131 forms a metallic grid whose nodes are formed at least in part by the studs of the plurality of studs 130. The metal grid 131 preferably has a mesh larger than the mesh of the first grid 110 and/or of the second grid 120.

According to one embodiment, the metal frame 131 can be placed in the plurality of pads 130 while the plurality of pads 130 have not finished being printed. For example, a part of the thickness of each stud 130 can be printed, then the metal reinforcement 131 can be deposited in holes 130c, or recesses, of the studs 130, then the printing of the studs resumes so as to finalize the studs and trapping the metal frame 131 in the plurality of studs 130.

FIG. 7 represents a view of the internal face 111 of the first grid 110 carrying the plurality of pads 130 supporting the metal frame 131.

Figures 8 and 9 represent the step of printing the first finishing layer 140 comprising the first layer of mechanical reinforcement 141, preferably printed, comprising a hardening material 141, such as concrete for example.

Advantageously, this first finishing layer 140 may also comprise a first coating layer 142. This first coating layer 142 may for example overcome said first mechanical reinforcement layer 141. The mechanical reinforcement layer 141 being advantageously printed on the outer face 112 of the first grid 110 so as to seal this side of the wall and to reinforce its mechanical strength.

Figures 10 and 11 illustrate the schematic superposition of the second grid 120 with the stack of layers and elements carried by the first grid 110.

Figures 12 to 15 illustrate the production of the insulation layer 150.

According to one embodiment, the first additional mechanical reinforcement layer 152 can be produced before and/or during the production of the insulation layer 150.

According to one embodiment, the first layer of additional mechanical reinforcement 152 for securing may be included by the insulation layer 150.

Indeed, according to one embodiment, such as that shown in Figures 12 to 15, the insulation layer 150 comprises an insulation space 156 formed of a frame 151, a bottom and a lid 154 Preferably, this bottom is formed, in part at least, by the first layer of additional mechanical reinforcement 152.

Thus FIG. 12 illustrates the positioning of a frame 151 on the external face 122 of the second grid 120. This frame 151 can be of various materials, such as plastic for example. This frame 151 is configured to define the isolation space 156 described later.

The frame 151 can for example be glued, or simply secured afterwards, to the second grid 120 for example during the deposition phase of the first layer of additional mechanical reinforcement 152.

Preferably, the frame 151 has main dimensions substantially equal to those of the second grid 120.

According to one embodiment, the frame 151 has main dimensions smaller than those of the second grid 120.

Preferably, the frame 151 has a thickness dimension along an axis perpendicular to the outer face 122 of the second grid 120 of less than 40 cm, preferably 15 cm, and advantageously 5 cm.

Advantageously, the first additional mechanical reinforcement layer 152 is printed, preferably directly, on at least part of the outer face 122 of the second grid 120.

According to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 13, the first additional mechanical reinforcement layer 152 is printed on the part of the external face 122 of the second grid 120 contained in the frame 151.

It will be noted, in FIG. 13, the arrangement of a portion of a passage 155, preferably, but not limited to, after the printing of the first layer of additional mechanical reinforcement 152. This passage portion 155 is configured to accommodate elements such as cables and/or pipes for example.

Thus the present invention makes it possible to predispose passages 155 in the walls 210 for the electrical cables, optics, fluid pipes and other elements. Moreover, these elements can in part sometimes be arranged in the wall 210 during the production of the insulation layer 150 for example, preferably, but not limited to, once the passages 155 or the portions of passages 155 are defined. .

Figure 14 illustrates the filling of the insulation space 156 thus defined. This filling is preferably done by three-dimensional printing of at least one insulating material 153 such as for example polyurethane.

According to another embodiment, all types of insulating material 153 can be placed in said insulation space 156, preferably by three-dimensional printing of said insulating material.

Then follows the positioning of a cover 154 so as to close the insulation space 156.

According to one embodiment, the cover is formed of at least a third grid 154, preferably in printed polymer forming a matrix of polymer fibers. Advantageously, the third grid 154 is substantially identical to the first grid 110 and/or to the second grid 120.

This cover 154 is configured to cooperate with the frame 151 so as to close the insulation space 156 and thus to form at least in part the insulation layer 150.

According to one embodiment, such as that illustrated, the cover 154 may comprise on its face facing the second grid 120, one or more portions of passages 155 as explained previously.

It will be noted that according to one embodiment, the cover 154 can be placed before filling the insulation space 156, and this space can then be filled through one or more holes placed in the cover 154 and/ or frame 151 for example.

FIG. 16 illustrates the production of the second finishing layer 160 on the exterior face of the third grid 154. This second finishing layer 160 comprises at least one second layer of mechanical reinforcement 161 comprising for example a hardening material, such as plaster by example and at least a second coating layer 162, comprising for example a layer of paint.

The present invention makes it possible to produce a wall 210 or at least a portion of wall already finalized even before being placed on the construction site, the surfaces of the wall are ready, decorated and the passages for the various elements are already installed.

Figures 17, 18 and 19 illustrate the formation of moldings 163, for example in plaster, carried by the outer surface of the third grid 154 by the second finishing layer 160, in particular by the second coating layer 162. Here again, this illustrates the ability of the invention to prepare the walls of the building even before the construction of said building, these walls being finalized, light, easy to transport and ready to be positioned on site and immobilized there.

We will now illustrate the case where a module according to the present invention is configured to form a floor and preferably a ceiling at the same time.

It will be noted that all the characteristics and advantages presented above for a module according to the present invention partially defining at least one wall 210 apply to the rest of the description, and in particular to the case of a module partially defining at least a floor 220, a ceiling 230 or a floor and a ceiling, or a foundation 251.

Figure 20 illustrates a sectional view of a portion of a module according to an embodiment of the present invention, preferably intended to partially form at least a floor 220 and/or a ceiling 230.

In this figure, we find the first grid 110 and the second grid 120, both separated by a plurality of pads 130, 130a, 130b able to support one or more metal reinforcements 131a, 131b and thus defining a printing volume 132.

This module 100 has the function here of forming a floor 220 and/or a ceiling 230, it is therefore intended to be arranged horizontally.

According to one embodiment, the print volume 132 is intended not to be filled with a hardening material.

According to another embodiment, the print volume 132 is intended to be filled with a hardening material such as concrete for example.

In FIG. 20, the first grid 110 bears on its external face 112 the first layer of mechanical reinforcement 141 surmounted by the first coating layer 142, this first coating layer 142 can for example comprise tiling as represented in FIG. example, parquet or stone.

According to one embodiment, the first layer of mechanical reinforcement 141 may comprise pipes 157 for the circulation of calorific fluid so as to define a heating circuit, otherwise called floor heating for example.

Advantageously, in this figure and according to this embodiment, the insulation layer 150 is produced as indicated previously and may here again comprise passages 155 for fluid pipes or even cables.

In the case where this module 100 is intended to partially form at least a ceiling 230 and/or a floor 220, the external face 122 of the second grid 120, carrying the insulation layer 150, also carries the second finishing layer. 160 similar to that previously presented and may even include moldings 163, to decorate a ceiling 230 for example.

Advantageously, the outer face of the insulation layer 150 can be configured to receive a light fitting, for example without limitation.

We will now describe a method of manufacturing a module 100 according to an embodiment intended to form a floor 220 and/or a ceiling 230.

1. Impression de la première grille 110 ;
2. Impression de la deuxième grille 120 ;
3. Impression de la pluralité de plots sur la face interne 111 de la première grille, cette impression comprenant :
4. Impression du premier sous-ensemble de plots 130a ;
5. Impression du deuxième sous-ensemble de plots 130b ;
6. Réalisation d’une première couche de finition 140 sur la face externe 112 de la première grille 110.
7. Réalisation de la couche d’isolation 150 sur la face externe 122 de la deuxième grille 120 ;
8. Réalisation de la deuxième couche de finition 160 sur la face externe de la couche d’isolation 150.

According to one embodiment, the method of manufacturing a module 100 intended to form a floor 220 and/a ceiling 230 comprises at least the following steps:

1. Printing of the first grid 110;
2. Printing of the second grid 120;
3. Printing of the plurality of pads on the internal face 111 of the first grid, this printing comprising:
4. Printing of the first subset of pads 130a;
5. Printing of the second subset of pads 130b;
6. Production of a first finishing layer 140 on the external face 112 of the first grid 110.
7. Realization of the insulation layer 150 on the outer face 122 of the second gate 120;
8. Realization of the second finishing layer 160 on the outer face of the insulation layer 150.

Figures 21 and 22 illustrate as before the first grid 110 and its printed polymer fiber matrix.

Figures 24 and 25 illustrate the production and arrangement of a first subset of pads 130a and a first metal frame 131a as previously described.

FIG. 26 illustrates the production, preferably by three-dimensional printing, of a second subset of studs 130b arranged, preferably directly, above the studs of the first subset of studs 130a.

Advantageously, each pad of the second subset of pads 130b is printed on the upper face of a pad of the first subset of pads 130a.

Preferably, the first subset of studs 130a and the second subset of studs 130b are secured to each other via the printing process, thus securing the two subsets of studs, and thus form the plurality of studs 130.

It will be noted that the second subset of studs 130b can support a second metallic reinforcement 131b, preferably identical to the first metallic reinforcement 131a.

It will be noted that the technical characteristics of the pads of the second subset of pads 130b are identical to those of the first subset of pads 130a.

According to one embodiment, the first subset of studs 130a and the second subset of studs 130b form the plurality of studs 130.

Figure 26 shows the step of printing the first mechanical reinforcement layer 141 on the outer face 112 of the first grid 110.

Figure 27 shows the impression of the first coating layer 142, preferably intended to form a ceiling 230 according to one embodiment. This first coating layer 142 may comprise plaster and/or paint. Advantageously, this first coating layer 142 may include moldings 163 as shown in Figures 28 and 29.

FIG. 30 illustrates the second grid 120 printed forming a matrix based on polymer fibers as previously described.

Figure 31 illustrates the positioning of the frame 151 on the outer face 122 of the second grid 120.

Figure 32 illustrates the positioning of the cover as previously described including the third grid 154.

Preferably before the positioning of said cover 154, the insulation space 156 served to print the first layer of additional mechanical reinforcement 152.

Advantageously, before the positioning of said cover 154, the insulation space 156 has been filled with an insulating material 153 such as for example polyurethane, preferably by three-dimensional printing.

According to one embodiment, passages 155 could also be arranged therein as described above.

Figure 33 illustrates the positioning of a pipe 157 of calorific fluid forming part of a thermal device intended to regulate the temperature in the ground 220 for example.

Figure 34 shows the impression of a second layer of mechanical reinforcement 161 intended to reinforce the third grid 154 mechanically and to flood the pipe 157 with calorific fluid when the latter is present.

Figure 35 shows the production of the floor covering, here for example based on tiling plates. This figure represents the step of producing the second coating layer 162 here comprising tiling slabs for example, this tiling being secured to the second layer of mechanical reinforcement 161.

Finally, as illustrated in figure 36, the first grid 110 and the layers 140, 141, 142 that it carries as well as the second grid 120 and the layers 150, 160 that it carries are joined together and can be secured in various ways, as for example here via one or more holding devices 300 allowing temporary attachment, the time to transport this module to the construction site for example, or the time of storage of this module 100.

According to one embodiment, once in place on the site, a first part of the module 100 can be placed, the concrete printed in the printing volume 132 before placing the second part of the module 100 on top.

According to another embodiment illustrated in Figures 52 and 53, the module 100 of floor type 220 may comprise one or more hinge elements 170, so as to allow the module 100 to be opened like a book. According to this embodiment, the module 100, of the ground type 220 for example, is placed in a horizontal position, for example on the ground, then the upper part of the module 100 pivots about a horizontal axis like a book making it possible to expose the plurality of studs 130, the metal reinforcement(s) 131 and preferably the print volume 132.

In particular, according to this embodiment, the module 100 comprises a first part 171 and a second part 172 secured to each other through several hinge elements 170. Advantageously, the first part 171 comprises the first grid 110, the first finishing layer 140, the plurality of pads 130 and one or more metal reinforcements 131. Advantageously, the second part 172 comprises the second grid 120, the insulation layer 150 and the second finishing layer 160.

The first part 171 and the second part 172 are then configured to be arranged either in a parallel configuration, or in a non-parallel configuration, called secant.

Thus, for example, the pivoting part can be the part comprising the first grid 110 and the elements that it supports, or else the second grid 120 and the elements that it supports.

Advantageously, the axis of rotation of the hinge element(s) is substantially parallel to at least part of the metal reinforcement(s) 131.

According to this embodiment, the module 100 is thus opened like a book revealing the printing volume 132. Once the module 100 is opened, the printing volume 132 is filled with printed concrete, then once the adequate quantity of printed concrete, the module 100 is closed as one closes a book by pivoting the pivoting part of the module 100.

Figures 52 and 53 illustrate the module 100 opened like a book.

According to yet another preferred embodiment, the print volume 132 may remain unfilled or may be filled with a lighter material than the hardening material previously discussed.

Advantageously, FIG. 36 illustrates a plurality of holding device 300 comprising a first part 310 and a second part 320 secured to each other by a fixing element 330. Thus, this holding device 300 takes into pinches at least part of the module 100, the fixing element 330 being configured to bring the first part and the second part of the holding device 300 closer to each other, thus pinching a part of the module 100 on its preferably around.

According to one embodiment, the module 100 can also be intended to form a wall 210 or even at least part of a foundation 251 of a building 200. We will now present an embodiment through Figures 54 and 55 wherein the functional layer comprises a drainage layer 180. This drainage layer 180 functions to drain liquids, preferably water. Preferably, but not limitingly, the drainage layer 180 will find its main, but not exclusive, application in the case where the module 100 partly forms at least a foundation 251 of a building 200.

Indeed, when the module 100 is at least partially buried, the use of this drainage layer 180 is particularly advantageous.

Figures 54 and 55 illustrate a module 100 whose functional layer includes a drainage layer 180.

According to one embodiment, the drainage layer 180 comprises a plurality of filters 181, 182, 183 and/or a plurality of drainage pipes 184.

According to a preferred embodiment, the plurality of filters includes a first plurality of filters 181, a second plurality of filters 182 and a third plurality of filters 183.

Preferably, each plurality of filters has a hexagonal prism shape. This geometric shape allows the filters to be stacked together according to their faces.

Advantageously, and as illustrated in Figures 54 and 55, the first plurality of filters 181 has a thickness greater than the thickness of the second plurality of filters 182, the thickness being measured along the main axis of extension filters, preferably along an axis orthogonal to the outer face of one of the first grid 110 and the second grid 120, advantageously along the main axis of the hexagonal prism.

Preferably, the ratio between the thickness of the filters of the first plurality of filters 181 and the thickness of the filters of the second plurality of filters 182 is greater than 1, preferably 1.25 and advantageously 1.5.

Similarly, the second plurality of filters 182 has a thickness greater than the thickness of the third plurality of filters 183, the thickness, here again, being measured along the main axis of extension of the filters, preferably along a axis orthogonal to the outer face of one of the first grid 110 and the second grid 120, advantageously along the main axis of the hexagonal prism.

Preferably, the ratio between the thickness of the filters of the second plurality of filters 182 and the thickness of the filters of the third plurality of filters 183 is greater than 1, preferably 1.25 and advantageously 1.5.

Advantageously, each plurality of filters comprises a plurality of longitudinal orifices (181b, 182b, 183b) and a plurality of transverse orifices (181a, 182a, 183a).

According to one embodiment, the longitudinal orifices (181b, 182b, 183b) extend along the main axis of the hexagonal prisms, and the transverse orifices (181a, 182a, 183a) extend along the secondary axes of the hexagonal prisms.

According to one embodiment, the longitudinal orifices (181b, 182b, 183b) of a filter have a diameter identical to the diameter of the transverse orifices (181a, 182a, 183a) of the same filter.

According to another embodiment, the longitudinal orifices (181b, 182b, 183b) all have the same diameter independently of the plurality of filters considered.

According to one embodiment, the orifices 181a and 181b of the first plurality of filters 181 have a diameter smaller than the diameter of the orifices 182a and 182b of the second plurality of filters 182.

According to one embodiment, the orifices 182a and 182b of the second plurality of filters 182 have a diameter smaller than the diameter of the orifices 183a and 183b of the third plurality of filters 183.

Advantageously, each plurality of filters has a particle size different from the others. Preferably, the particle size increases according to the direction of drainage of the liquids to be drained.

By particle size is meant the diameter of the transverse orifices (181a, 182a, 183a).

Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 54 and in FIG. 55, the first plurality of filters 181 is placed above the second plurality of filters 182, itself placed above the third plurality of filters 183. By gravity , the liquids to be drained circulate through the first plurality of filters 181, then through the second plurality of filters 182 and finally through the third plurality of filters 183.

Thus, the first plurality of filters 181 has a particle size smaller than the particle size of the second plurality of filters 182, and the second plurality of filters 182 has a particle size smaller than the particle size of the third plurality of filters 183.

This difference in granulometry makes it possible to avoid any obstruction in the hydraulic circuit which the fluids to drain follow.

According to one embodiment, the first plurality of filters 181 has a particle size of less than 5 mm.

According to one embodiment, the second plurality of filters 182 has a particle size between 5 mm and 20 mm.

According to one embodiment, the third plurality of filters 183 has a particle size between 30 and 60 mm.

Advantageously each filter of all the pluralities of filters is in hydraulic communication with at least one other filter. In particular, the transverse orifices (181a, 182a, 183a) of two filters are in contact with each other, thus creating a hydraulic communication interface.

Advantageously, the ratio between the diameter of the transverse orifices (181a, 182a, 183a) of the filters of each plurality of filters and the thickness of the filters of each plurality of filters is between 0.005 and 0.06, preferably between 0.02 and 0.04 and advantageously equal to 0.03.

Preferably and cleverly, all the filters are made by three-dimensional printing and are based on at least one printed polymer. This means that all filters have a layered structure.

According to one embodiment, the longitudinal orifices (181b, 182b, 183b) are blocked, and/or are not open, at their end closest to the second support layer 120, preferably at their end which is in contact of the first layer of additional mechanical reinforcement 152.

In Figures 54 and 55, it is noted that according to one embodiment, it is the second grid 120 which bears the drainage layer 180 at its outer face.

Preferably, it is the outer part of the module 100 forming a foundation 251, and therefore the part in contact with the ground, which bears the drainage layer 180.

Note that the drainage layer also comprises a plurality of drainage pipes 184. These drainage pipes 184 can advantageously be made from at least one polymer, preferably by three-dimensional printing. According to one embodiment, the drain pipes 184 have a laminated structure produced by three-dimensional printing.

According to one embodiment, the drain pipes 184 are in hydraulic communication with at least a portion of the filters of the pluralities of filters. The principle of this drainage layer 180 is advantageously to conduct surface liquids, preferably water for example, from the surface to the drainage pipes 184 to allow the evacuation of liquids, for example water.

Preferably, the drain pipes 184 can be installed at various height levels along the module 100 as illustrated in Figures 54 and 55. A drain pipe 184 is disposed partly between the first plurality of filters 181 and the second plurality of filters 182, and two other drain pipes 184 are arranged under the third plurality of filters 183.

Advantageously, the drainage pipes 184 are inclined with respect to a horizontal plane in order to allow the flow of liquids, such as water for example.

According to one embodiment, the drainage pipes 184 have a slope of less than 10 cm/m, preferably 5 cm/m and advantageously 2 cm/m.

According to one embodiment, the drainage pipes 184 have a diameter of less than 20 cm, preferably 10 cm and advantageously 7 cm.

1. Impression tridimensionnelle de la première grille 110 ;
2. Impression tridimensionnelle de la deuxième grille 120 ;
3. Impression tridimensionnelle de la pluralité de plots 130 sur la face interne 111, 121 de l’une parmi au moins la première 110 et la deuxième 120 grille ;
4. Impression tridimensionnelle de la première couche de finition 140 sur la face externe 112 de la première grille comprenant :
   1. l’impression d’une première couche de renforcement mécanique 141 sur la face externe 112 de la première grille 110 ;
   2. réalisation d’une première couche de revêtement 142 sur la face externe la première couche de renforcement mécanique 141 ;
5. Réalisation de la couche de drainage 180 sur la face externe 122 de la deuxième grille 120 comprenant de préférence :
   1. l’impression d’une première couche de renforcement mécanique additionnelle 152 sur la face externe 122 de la deuxième grille 120 ;
   2. l’impression tridimensionnelle de chaque filtre de la pluralité de filtres.
   3. l’impression et/ou le positionnement d’au moins un tuyau de drainage.

We will now describe, according to one embodiment, the method of manufacturing a module 100 intended to form a foundation 251. This method comprises at least the following steps:

1. Three-dimensional printing of the first grid 110;
2. Three-dimensional printing of the second grid 120;
3. Three-dimensional printing of the plurality of pads 130 on the internal face 111, 121 of one of at least the first 110 and the second 120 grid;
4. Three-dimensional printing of the first finishing layer 140 on the outer face 112 of the first grid comprising:
   1. the printing of a first layer of mechanical reinforcement 141 on the external face 112 of the first grid 110;
   2. production of a first coating layer 142 on the outer face of the first mechanical reinforcement layer 141;
5. Realization of the drainage layer 180 on the outer face 122 of the second grid 120 preferably comprising:
   1. the printing of a first layer of additional mechanical reinforcement 152 on the external face 122 of the second grid 120;
   2. three-dimensionally printing each of the plurality of filters.
   3. printing and/or positioning at least one drainage pipe.

According to an embodiment not illustrated, a module 100 can comprise a drainage layer 180 and an insulation layer 150, either both carried by the same grid 110 or 120, or one carried by a grid 110 or 120 and the other carried by the other gate 110 or 120.

The present invention thus makes it possible to design walls, foundations, floors, ceilings upstream of the construction of the building, these structural elements are finalized in the sense that they are already painted, include for example switches, passages for cables or fluid pipes, or even lights, etc. They are then the pieces of a puzzle that simply need to be assembled, preferably by means of robotic machines.

We will now describe, through Figures 43 to 48, a module according to an embodiment of the present invention intended to form at least one pillar 260 and/or at least one beam. For reasons of clarity, we will consider the case where the module according to the present invention allows the production of a pillar 260. All the characteristics of said pillar 260 and of its design apply mutatis mutandis to the case of a beam, only the orientation of the final module can be different.

Figure 43 illustrates a sectional and partial view of a first face 261 of a pillar 260 for example. This first face 261 comprises a stack of layers similar to the modules previously described. All of the technical characteristics described previously in the case of the mature modules 210, foundations 251, floors 220 or even ceilings 230 also apply to the case of the pillar 260 and the beam.

Thus, this first face 261, and this is valid for all the faces (262, 263, 264) forming the pillar 260, comprises a first support layer preferably comprising a first grid 110 surmounted on its external face 112 by a finishing layer 140 comprising a mechanical reinforcement layer 141 and a coating layer 142. The first grid 110 comprises on its internal face 111 a plurality of pads 130 intended to partially support at least one metal reinforcement 131.

As before, at least part, and preferably all, of the elements making up the pillar 260 or the beam are three-dimensionally printed.

Figure 45 illustrates a first face 261, a second face 262, a third face 263 and a fourth face 264 intended to form a pillar 260.

According to one embodiment, the pillar 260 comprises at least 3 faces and advantageously at least 4 faces.

Preferably, the faces 261, 262, 263, 26 of the pillar 260 are all structurally similar and designed in the same way, according to the same process as for the modules previously described.

FIG. 46 illustrates an exploded view of a pillar 260 comprising 4 structurally identical faces 261, 262, 263, 264 intended to be joined together, preferably by means of clips, advantageously metallic, joining the metal frame 131 to a face 261, 262, 263, 264 with the two metal reinforcements 131 of the two faces 261, 262, 263, 264 which are contiguous to it.

Figure 47 is a cross-sectional view showing a pillar 260 according to one embodiment of the present invention. Note that the arrangement of the 4 faces 261, 262, 263, 264 defines an insulation space 156 and/or a print volume 132.

Indeed, depending on the circumstances, it is possible to mechanically reinforce the pillar 260 by printing a hardening material in the printing volume 132 and/or to reinforce its insulation by printing an insulator in the insulation space 156. Advantageously , it is possible to arrange passages 155 as previously described in this impression volume 132 / insulation space 156.

Figure 48 is a view of a pillar 260 waiting to be immobilized on site. It will be noted that each face 261, 262, 263, 264 comprises junction elements 212 intended to cooperate with other modules forming the building 200, including advantageously the other modules 210, 220, 230, 240, 260 according to the present invention.

According to one embodiment, the pillar-type module 260 can be arranged horizontally and thus define a beam intended to locally reinforce a floor-type module 220 and/or ceiling 230 produced according to an embodiment of the present invention.

According to another embodiment, the pillar-type module 260 can be arranged vertically to form a single pillar.

According to one embodiment, the pillar-type module 260 has a height dimension of less than 6m, preferably 3m and advantageously 2.5m.

Advantageously, the pillar-type module 260 is an assembly of at least 3 halves of wall-type modules 210 made according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Preferably, said halves are printed according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Advantageously, the metal reinforcements 131 of each face 261, 262, 263, 264 of the pillar 260 are interconnected by staples. Preferably, said staples comprise a material having mechanical properties similar to those of the metal fittings 131.

We will now describe a building 200 and its method of construction according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In particular, we will describe the process of building a house 200 from a plurality of modules 100 as presented above.

Figure 38 thus represents an exploded view of a house 200 formed of several modules 100 of the wall type 210 and several modules of the floor 220 and ceiling 230 type.

Figure 39 is a sectional view of said house 200.

It is noted that the house 200 has foundations 251 formed of modules 100 of the wall type 210. According to this embodiment, this house 200 comprises two levels, a ground floor and a first floor.

The foundations 251 can for example be anchored in the ground 250. Preferably, these foundations 251 comprise at least one wall-type module 210 as described above.

We quickly notice in this figure the presence of junction elements 212 of the walls 210 and the floors/ceilings 220, 230 between them. These junction elements 212 can be of various kinds, preferably it is an extension of the metal reinforcements 131 carried by the modules 100, advantageously it is a spar-type metal element extending outside the module 100 wearing them.

According to one embodiment, all of the walls 210, floors 220 and ceilings 230 of the house 200 are made according to the present invention.

According to another embodiment, only part of the house 200 can be made according to the present invention.

Concerning the roof 240, this comprises a roof support 241, preferably made of plastic, advantageously produced by three-dimensional printing of one or more polymers.

This roof support 241 is configured to support at least in part a plurality of tiles 242 which can be secured in part at least by a holding element 243.

According to one embodiment, the tiles 242 can be three-dimensionally printed tiles, preferably made of concrete, for example, or be formed from a layer of concrete imitating tiles 242.

Indeed, according to a preferred embodiment, the tiles 242 can be individually printed in concrete or else composed of a textured concrete slab so as to form a plurality of tiles 242.

Advantageously, this also makes it possible to have a thermal device 157, for example a heat pipe, in the roof of 240 kinds to recover thermal energy if necessary.

According to one embodiment, the roof 240 may include photovoltaic panels, or ventilation ducts, or even sensors such as anemometers, rain gauges, light, etc.

According to one embodiment, the tiles can comprise or be formed from photovoltaic panels.

It will be noted in particular that the walls 210 can be designed with a space in order to install openings 211 therein such as doors or windows.

Figure 39 shows two wall-like modules 100 210 and their joining elements 212. The present invention is configured so that the various modules 100, 210, 220, 230 are intended to cooperate with each other in order to nest the ones with the others.

Thus, in a clever way, the modules 100 can have extensions of their metal frame 131, for example intended to cooperate with the metal frame of another module 100.

FIGS. 40 and 41 represent an advantageous embodiment of the present invention in which the junction elements 212 are configured to successively have two positions, a rest position and a connection position.

Advantageously, the change of position is made possible via the use of rotary elements 213 securing the junctions 212 with the rest of the module 100 and preferably with the rest of the metal frame 131 carried by the module 100 considered.

Preferably, in the rest position, the junction elements 212 do not extend outside the module 100, they are positioned so as not to present any discomfort or risk during storage or transport of the module 100.

Preferably, in the connection position, the junction elements 212 extend outside the module 100, that is to say according to an extension dimension greater than that of the first and second grids 110, 120.

This change of position is thus possible for example via the rotating elements 213, preferably printed during the design of the module 100.

According to an embodiment described through Figures 49 to 51, the foundations can be formed of a floating platform 270. This floating platform 270 advantageously comprises at least two parts 271 and 272 secured to each other by jacks 273, preferably hydraulic. The first part 271 supports the building 200 and the second part 272 includes balance tanks 274 configured to adjust the orientation of the platform 270. Advantageously and as shown, the second part 272 can also include stabilizing pins 275 intended to ensure the stability of the platform 270.

Advantageously, the floating platform 270 is at least partly produced by three-dimensional printing.

Preferably, the floating platform 270 is made of concrete, advantageously printed.

According to one embodiment, the floating platform 270, and preferably the first part 271 and the second part 272, is formed from at least modules of the wall 210, pillar 260, beam, floor 220 and/or ceiling 230 type such than previously described.

Advantageously, the first part 271 of the floating platform 270 is called the upper part, and the second part 272 of the floating platform 270 is called the lower part.

Preferably, said upper part can be moved upwards and/or downwards by a set of cylinders 273, preferably hydraulic.

According to one embodiment, the walls which form the floating platform 270 are an assembly of modules of the wall 210, floor 220 and/or ceiling 230 type according to an embodiment of the present invention.

According to one embodiment, said floating platform 270 has an area of less than 400m², preferably less than 200m² and advantageously less than 100m².

Preferably, the balance tanks 274 include water reservoirs. Each of said tanks can be filled and/or emptied by a pumping system so as to control the orientation of the floating platform 270. In particular, the balancing tanks 274 are configured to allow adjustment of the plane defined by the the floors 220 of the building 200 so that this or these floors 230 extend in one or more planes perpendicular to the axis defining the force of gravity. Thus, the balancing tanks 274 allow the maintenance of the balance of the building 200, and in particular the horizontality of the floors 220 of the building 200.

According to one embodiment, each of said tanks can be filled and/or emptied by a pumping system so as to control the buoyancy of the floating platform 270.

According to one mode of operation, the pumping system can be used for the propulsion of the floating platform 270 in order to move said floating platform 270.

Advantageously, the pumping system is used to fill and/or empty the balancing tanks 274.

According to one embodiment, the pumping system is also used to propel the platform in one direction, for example by pumping water, from the sea for example, and by projecting it in a direction contrary to that of the movement desired for the building 200.

According to one embodiment, said balancing tanks 274 are an assembly of modules of the wall 210, pillar 260, beam, floor 220 and/or ceiling 230 type made according to an embodiment of the present invention.

According to one embodiment, said balancing tanks 274 have a volume of less than 10 m ³ , preferably less than 5 m ³ and advantageously less than 2 m ³ .

1. elles peuvent pivoter autour d’un axe vertical, de sorte par exemple à servir de gouvernail ;
2. elles peuvent se déplacer le long d’un axe vertical, de sorte par exemple à stabiliser la plateforme flottante 270 dans le cas où elles seraient en contact avec l’eau ou à permettre le déplacement dans le cas où elles ne sont pas en contact avec l’eau.

Advantageously, the stabilizing keels 275 allow the stability of the floating platform 270. According to one mode of operation, one or more stabilizing keels 275 can be mobile. Especially :

1. they can pivot around a vertical axis, so as to serve as a rudder, for example;
2. they can move along a vertical axis, so as for example to stabilize the floating platform 270 in the event that they are in contact with water or to allow movement in the event that they are not in contact with the water.

According to one embodiment, said stabilizing keels 275 have a height dimension of less than 10 m, preferably 5 m and advantageously 3 m.

According to one embodiment, said balancing pins comprise an assembly of modules of the wall 210, pillar 260, beam, floor 220 and/or ceiling 230 types made according to an embodiment of the present invention.

• Fourniture d’au moins un module 100 de type fondation 251 tel que précédemment décrit, de préférence une pluralité de fondations 251 ;
• Fourniture d’au moins un module 100 de type mur 210 tel que précédemment décrit, de préférence une pluralité de murs 210 ;
• Fourniture d’au moins un module de type sol 220 tel que décrit précédemment ;
• Fourniture d’au moins un module de type plafond 230 tel que décrit précédemment ;
• De préférence fourniture d’au moins un module de type sol/plafond 220/230 ;
• De préférence, disposition d’une partie au moins des modules de type mur 210 dans le sol 250 de sorte à définir les fondations 251 du bâtiment 200, de préférence par un dispositif robotisé ;
• Remplissage, de préférence par un dispositif robotisé, par impression tridimensionnelle desdites fondations 251 par un matériau durcissant comme par exemple par du béton au niveau des volumes d’impression 132 prévus à cet effet ;
• Disposition à l’horizontale du sol 220 sur un terrain, de préférence par un dispositif robotisé ;
• Disposition à la verticale de murs 210 en périphérie du sol 220, de préférence par un dispositif robotisé ;
• Impression d’un mortier dans les murs 210, de préférence dans leurs volumes d’impression 132, par au moins une imprimante tridimensionnelle de mortier ;
• Disposition à l’horizontale du plafond 230 au-dessus du sol 220 et des murs 210, de préférence au contact d’une partie des murs 210 opposée au sol 220, de préférence par un dispositif robotisé.

We will now describe the method of manufacturing a building 200 according to the present invention. This method preferably comprises at least the following steps:

• Provision of at least one module 100 of the foundation 251 type as previously described, preferably a plurality of foundations 251;
• Supply of at least one module 100 of wall type 210 as previously described, preferably a plurality of walls 210;
• Provision of at least one floor-type module 220 as described above;
• Provision of at least one ceiling-type module 230 as previously described;
• Preferably provision of at least one floor/ceiling type module 220/230;
• Preferably, arrangement of at least part of the wall-type modules 210 in the ground 250 so as to define the foundations 251 of the building 200, preferably by a robotic device;
• Filling, preferably by a robotic device, by three-dimensional printing of said foundations 251 by a hardening material such as for example by concrete at the level of the printing volumes 132 provided for this purpose;
• Horizontal arrangement of the ground 220 on land, preferably by a robotic device;
• Vertical arrangement of walls 210 on the periphery of the floor 220, preferably by a robotic device;
• Mortar printing in the walls 210, preferably in their print volumes 132, by at least one three-dimensional mortar printer;
• Horizontal arrangement of the ceiling 230 above the floor 220 and the walls 210, preferably in contact with a part of the walls 210 opposite the floor 220, preferably by a robotic device.

FIG. 42 illustrates the three-dimensional printing of concrete, for example in the printing volume 132 of a wall 210. It will be noted that the three-dimensional printing device 400 comprises a printing head intended to move in the volume of printing 132. This device is configured to deliver a controlled flow of concrete, or of any type of hardening material 410. The three-dimensional printing device 400 is thus configured to produce printed layers of hardening material 411. One advantage is that the flow thus controlled allows that only a few layers are not hardened during printing is that the other layers, deposited previously and which have time to harden, at least partially, retain the structure or at least do not exert pressure on the first support layer. Indeed, when printing a layer of hardening material, the previously printed layers of this material, for some at least, have time to harden and thus the pressure applied to the walls of the printing volume remains below of a predetermined value. This prevents the first and second support layers from moving apart, or even separating from the module. It is also avoided that these two layers deviate locally and therefore tilt relative to each other. Indeed, by casting a hardening material without applying the teaching of the present invention, the hardening material would apply on the internal faces of the first and second layers a pressure which would cause the separation of these support layers or even their rupture or the rupture of the module. .

According to one embodiment, the three-dimensional printing of a hardening material comprises the dispensing layer by layer of said material in a printing space or volume, each layer having a thickness between 1cm and 10cm for example. Advantageously, a hardener is added when the concrete is printed in order to increase its hardening time.

In a particularly advantageous manner, the present invention uses robotic devices for the storage, transport, positioning and securing of the modules according to the present invention.

It will be noted that the present invention, in particular the modules thus formed, is configured to be implemented by at least a plurality of robotic devices.

Indeed, according to one embodiment, the construction of the modules can be automated so as to produce the modules described above on the chain, the decoration part possibly being personalized, for example. Thus, robots can take care of the production of the modules.

Then, the storage and transport of the modules can also be ensured by robots.

Once at the construction site, robots can position the modules and in designated places, then another robot can take care of the three-dimensional printing of the material curing in the printing volumes.

Thus, the present invention makes it possible to automate and robotize the construction of a building from the production of the modules of the components to their installation and their immobilization.

According to one embodiment, the present invention also applies to the case of renovation work. In particular, part or all of wall, foundation, pillar, floor and/or ceiling type modules can be used to renovate a building.

For example, the previously described faces forming a pillar can be used to renovate the facade of a wall.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and extends to all the embodiments covered by the claims.

LIST OF REFERENCES

100 Modules
110 First Grid
111 Internal face of the first grille
112 External face of the first grille
120 Second Grid
121 Internal face of the second grid
122 External face of the second grille
130 Plot of the plurality of plots
130a Plot of the first subset of plots
130b Plot of the second subset of plots
131 Metal frame
131a First metal reinforcement
131b Second metal frame
132 Print volume
140 First coat of finish
141 First layer of mechanical reinforcement
142 First layer of coating
143 Flooring
150 Insulation layer
151 Frame
152 First layer of additional mechanical reinforcement
153 Insulation
154 Third Grid
155 Passage
156 Insulation space
157 Thermal Device
158 Second layer of additional mechanical reinforcement
160 Second coat of finish
161 Second layer of mechanical reinforcement
162 Second layer of coating
163 Molding
164 Tile
170 Hinge element
171 Part One
172 Part Two
180 Drainage layer
181 First plurality of filters
181a Cross flow ports of the filters of the first plurality of filters
181b Longitudinal filter flow orifices of the first plurality of filters
182 Second plurality of filters
182a Cross flow ports of the filters of the second plurality of filters
182b Longitudinal filter flow orifices of the second plurality of filters
183 Third plurality of filters
183a Cross-flow ports of the filters of the third plurality of filters
183b Longitudinal outflow orifices of the filters of the third plurality of filters
184 Drain pipe
200 Building
210 Wall
211 Openings
212 Junction element
213 Rotating element
220 Floor
230 Ceiling
240 Roof
241 Roof support
242 Tiles
243 Holding element
250 Sol
251 Foundations
260 Pillar
261 First face of pillar
262 Second face of pillar
263 Third face of the pillar
264 Fourth face of the pillar
270 Floating foundations
271 Part One
272 Part two
273 Hydraulic cylinder
274 Stabilization tank
275 Balancing keel
300 Holding element
310 First part of the holding element
320 Second part of the holding element
330 Fastener
400 Three-dimensional printing device
410 hardening material
411 Printed layer of hardening material

Claims (34)

A method of manufacturing a building (200) comprising at least the following steps, preferably performed by a plurality of robotic devices:

1. Provision, preferably by a robotic device, of at least one first module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) having the function of forming in part at least one of a wall (210), a floor (220), a pillar (260), a beam (260), a ceiling (230), a foundation (251), a roof (240), said module comprising at least:
   • A first support layer (110) having an internal face (111) extending mainly along a first plane;
   • A second support layer (120) having an inner face (121) extending mainly along a second plane parallel to the first plane;
   • A plurality of pads (130) keeping the first support layer (110) and the second support layer (120) at a distance from each other, this plurality of pads (130) defining a volume, called volume of printing (132), between the first support layer (110) and the second support layer (120);
   • Said print volume (132) is intended to receive at least one hardening material (410) arranged in successive layers defining a laminated structure printed in said print volume (132);
   • A functional layer (150, 180) carried by the first (110) and/or the second (120) support layer, the functional layer (150, 180) being configured to ensure at least one function taken from among a drainage function and an isolation function;
   • A first topcoat (140) carried by the first support layer (110);
   • A second topcoat (160) carried by the second backing layer (120);
2. Arrangement of the module (100) according to its function, preferably by a robotic device;
3. Printing of a hardening material in the module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) by at least one three-dimensional printing device (400), preferably robotic, the printing step being configured so that the ratio between the printing rate and the curing time of the hardening material is configured so that the force generated by the pressure applied to the walls of the printing volume by the hardening material is less than a threshold value beyond which the first plane and the second plane deviate by a distance of more than X% or deviate to present an inclination greater than X%, X being equal to 5, preferably to 2 and advantageously to 1.

Method according to the preceding claim in which the first module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) is configured to form a floor (220) and in which the first module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240 , 251, 260) comprises at least one hinge element (170) and wherein the first support layer (110) is rotatably hinged relative to the second support layer (120) via the hinge element ( 170) so as to allow the alternating passage from a first position in which the first and second planes are parallel to each other to a second position in which the first and second planes are inclined with respect to each other. on the other, the alternating passage from the first position to the second position taking place by rotation around an axis parallel to the first plane and/or to the second plane, and in which the said step of printing the hardening material in the module ( 100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) by at least one three-dimensional printing device (400) is carried out:

1. after the following steps:
   • Horizontal arrangement of the module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260);
   • Passage from the first position to the second position, preferably by a robotic device;
2. before the next step;
   • Passage from the second position to the first position, preferably by a robotic device.

Method according to any one of the claims comprising the provision, preferably by a robotic device, of at least one first module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) having the function of forming in part at least one of a wall (210), a floor (220), a pillar (260), a beam (260), a ceiling (230), a foundation (251), a roof (240), and wherein the first and/or the second module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) comprise at least one junction element configured to ensure the mechanical junction between the first module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) and the second module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260). Building (200) comprising a plurality of modules (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260), each module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) of the plurality of modules having the function forming in part at least one of a wall (210), a floor (220), a ceiling (230), a foundation (251), a pillar (260), a beam (260), a roof (240 ), each module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) comprising at least:

1. A first support layer (110), preferably in printed polymer, having an internal face (111) extending mainly along a first plane;
2. A second support layer (120), preferably in printed polymer, having an inner face (121) extending mainly along a second plane parallel to the first plane;
3. A plurality of studs (130), preferably having a laminated structure, preferably being made of polymer, maintaining the first support layer (110) and the second support layer (120) at a distance from each other, this plurality of pads (130) defining a volume, called print volume (132), between the first support layer (110) and the second support layer (120);
4. Said print volume (132) encloses at least one hardening material (410) having a laminated structure within said print volume (132);
5. A functional layer (150, 180) carried by the first (110) and/or the second (120) support layer, the functional layer (150, 180) being configured to ensure at least one function taken from among a drainage function and an isolation function;
6. A first topcoat (140) carried by the first support layer (110);
7. A second topcoat (160) carried by the second backing layer (120)
   Said building comprising walls (210), at least one floor (220) and at least one ceiling (230) in which at least part of the walls (210) is formed by at least part of the modules (100, 210, 220 , 230, 240, 251, 260) of the plurality of molds (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260), wherein at least part of the floors (220) is formed by another part of the modules ( 100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) of the plurality of modules (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260), and wherein at least part of the ceiling (230) is formed by another part of the modules (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) of the plurality of modules (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260).

Building (200) according to the preceding claim comprising at least one pillar (260) and in which at least one part of the pillar (260) is formed by at least one other part of the modules (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251 , 260) of the plurality of modules (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260). Building (200) according to any one of the two preceding claims comprising at least one beam (260) and in which at least a part of the beam (260) is formed by at least another part of the modules (100, 210, 220 , 230, 240, 251, 260) of the plurality of modules (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260). Building (200) according to any one of the three preceding claims comprising at least one foundation (251) and in which at least part of the foundation (251) is formed by at least another part of the modules (100, 210, 220 , 230, 240, 251, 260) of the plurality of modules (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260). Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) intended to form part of a building (200), said module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) being characterized in that that it includes at least:

1. A first support layer (110) having an internal face (111) extending mainly along a first plane;
2. A second support layer (120) having an inner face (121) extending mainly along a second plane parallel to the first plane;
3. A plurality of pads (130) keeping the first support layer (110) and the second support layer (120) at a distance from each other, this plurality of pads (130) defining a volume, called volume of printing (132), between the first support layer (110) and the second support layer (120);
4. Said print volume (132) is configured to receive at least one hardening material (410) arranged in successive layers defining a laminated structure printed in said print volume (132);
5. A functional layer (150, 180) carried by the first (110) and/or the second (120) support layer, the functional layer (150, 180) being configured to ensure at least one function taken from among a drainage function and an isolation function;
6. A first topcoat (140) carried by the first support layer (110);
7. A second topcoat (160) carried by the second backing layer (120).

Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to the preceding claim, in which the first support layer comprises at least a first grid (110) having a laminated structure, preferably produced by three-dimensional printing, preferably of printed polymer fibers, and wherein the second support layer comprises at least a second grid (120) having a laminate structure, preferably made by three-dimensional printing, preferably of printed polymer fibers. Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to the preceding claim in which the first grid (110) comprises a multilayer configuration composed of a layer of transverse fibers arranged between two layers of longitudinal fibers, and in wherein the second grid (120) comprises a multi-layered configuration composed of a layer of transverse fibers disposed between two layers of longitudinal fibers. Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to any one of the two preceding claims, in which the first grid (110) and the second grid (120) each comprise a laminated structure formed of one or of several polymers. Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to any one of the four preceding claims, in which the plurality of pads (130) are configured to support, at least in part and preferably alone, at least one metal frame (131), the metal frame extending preferably being attached to the plurality of pads (130). Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to any one of the five preceding claims, in which the first finishing layer (140) comprises at least a first mechanical reinforcement layer (141) having a structure laminated and being disposed on the outer face (112) of the first support layer (110), and wherein the second finishing layer (160) comprises at least a second mechanical reinforcement layer (161) having a laminated structure and disposed on the outer face (122) of the second support layer (120) or on the outer face of the insulation layer (150). Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to the preceding claim wherein the first mechanical reinforcement layer (141) comprises at least one thermal device configured to transfer heat to or from the module (100 , 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260), preferably a circulation pipe for a calorific fluid, embedded in said first layer of mechanical reinforcement (141). Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to any one of the two preceding claims, in which the first finishing layer (140) comprises at least a first coating layer (142) located at the surface of the first layer of mechanical reinforcement (141) and comprising at least one of: plaster, tile slabs, parquet, stones, parging, paint, moldings. Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to any one of the three preceding claims, in which the second finishing layer (160) comprises at least a second coating layer (162) located at the surface of the second layer of mechanical reinforcement (161) and comprising at least one of: plaster, tile slabs, parquet, stones, parging, paint, moldings. A module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to any of the nine preceding claims wherein the functional layer includes a drainage layer (180) configured to drain liquids in contact with said layer. Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to the preceding claim in which the drainage layer (180) comprises a first plurality of filters (181), a second plurality of filters (182) and a third plurality of filters (183), the first plurality of filters (181) having a particle size smaller than the particle size of the second plurality of filters (182), the particle size of the second plurality of filters (182) being smaller than the particle size of the third plurality of filters (183), the first plurality of filters (181) being disposed upstream of the second plurality of filters (182) relative to the direction of liquid drainage, the second plurality of filters (182) being disposed upstream of the third plurality of filters (183) with respect to the direction of drainage of the liquids. Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to the preceding claim wherein at least part of the filters of each plurality of filters (181, 182, 183) preferably from a polymeric material. A module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to any one of the three preceding claims wherein the drainage layer (180) comprises a plurality of drainage pipes (184) inclined with respect to a plane horizontal so as to allow the drainage of liquids. A module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to any one of the preceding thirteen claims wherein the functional layer comprises at least one insulation layer (150), the insulation layer (150) comprising at least one frame (151) defining an insulation space (156) disposed between the outer face of the second support layer and a cover (154) carried by said frame (151). Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to the preceding claim, in which the insulation space (156) is intended to receive at least one insulating material, preferably having a laminated structure produced by printing three-dimensional. Module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to any one of the two preceding claims, in which the insulation layer (150) comprises at least a first additional mechanical reinforcement layer (152), preferably having a laminated structure produced by three-dimensional printing, placed on the external face (122) of the second support layer (120). A module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to any one of the three preceding claims wherein the insulation layer (150) comprises, preferably in the insulation space (156), passages (155) for passing cables and/or fluid lines. A module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to any of the four preceding claims wherein the insulation layer (150) includes at least one thermal device configured to transfer heat to or from the module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260), preferably a circulation pipe (157) of a calorific fluid, arranged at least partly in the insulation space (156). A module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to any one of the preceding eighteen claims comprising at least one hinge member (170) and wherein the first support layer (110) is hinged rotation relative to the second support layer (120) via the hinge element (170) so as to allow the alternating passage from a first position where the first and second planes are parallel to each other another to a second position where the first and second planes are inclined with respect to each other, the alternating passage from the first position to the second position being effected by rotation about an axis parallel to the first plane and/ or in the background. Method of manufacturing at least one module (100, 210, 220, 230, 240, 251, 260) according to any one of claims 8 to 26 comprising at least the following steps:

1. Three-dimensional printing of the first support layer (110), preferably of polymer;
2. Three-dimensional printing of the second support layer (120), preferably of polymer;
3. Three-dimensional printing of the plurality of pads (130) on the internal face (111, 121) of one of at least the first (110) and the second (120) support layer;
4. Three-dimensional printing of the first finishing layer (140) on the external face (112) of the first support layer (110);
5. Realization of the functional layer (150, 180) on the external face (122) of the second grid (120);
6. Three-dimensional printing of the second finishing layer (160) on the external face of the functional layer (150, 180).

Method according to the preceding claim comprising, after or during the step of printing the plurality of studs (130), the installation of at least one metal reinforcement (131) supported by the said plurality of studs (130). A method according to any preceding claim wherein the three-dimensional imprint of the first topcoat (140) comprises at least:

1. The three-dimensional printing on the outer face (112) of the first support layer (110) of at least a first mechanical reinforcement layer (141);
2. Printing, preferably three-dimensional, on the outer face of the first mechanical reinforcement layer (141) of at least a first coating layer (142).

A method according to any one of the three preceding claims wherein the three-dimensional printing of the second topcoat (160) comprises at least:

1. The three-dimensional printing on the outer face of the insulation layer (150) of at least a second layer of mechanical reinforcement (161);
2. Printing, preferably three-dimensional, on the outer face of the second mechanical reinforcement layer (161) of a second coating layer (162).

A method according to any one of the four preceding claims wherein forming the functional layer (150, 180) comprises forming an insulation layer (150) comprising at least:

1. installing a frame (151) on the outer face (122) of the second support layer (120);
2. The three-dimensional printing of a first layer of additional mechanical reinforcement (152) on at least part of the outer face (122) of the second support layer (120) inside the space defined by said frame ( 151);
3. Filling of the insulation space (156) defined by said frame (151) with an insulating material (153), preferably by three-dimensional printing;
4. Arrangement of a cover (154) above, and preferably in contact with, said frame (151) and said insulating material (153).

Method according to the preceding claim comprising, during and/or after the step of producing the insulation layer (150), the positioning in the insulation layer (150) of at least one passage (155) intended to receive at least one of at least: an electric cable, a pipe, a vent, an optical cable, a heat pipe or any other thermal device and/or heating installation. A method according to any one of the six preceding claims wherein providing the functional layer (150, 180) comprises providing a drainage layer (180) comprising at least:

1. Printing a first layer of additional mechanical reinforcement (152) on the outer face (122) of the second support layer (120);
2. Three-dimensional printing of a first plurality of filters (181), a second plurality of filters (182) and a third plurality of filters (183) on the outer face of the first mechanical reinforcement layer (152) ;
3. Printing and/or positioning at least one drain pipe (170) on at least a portion of the first plurality of filters (181) and/or the second plurality of filters (182) and/or the third plurality of filters (183) and/or the outer face of the first mechanical reinforcement layer (152).

Method according to any one of the seven preceding claims, comprising a step of joining the first layer of support (110) with the second layer of support (120), this joining being carried out by at least one of the following ways: gluing of the plurality of studs (130) on the internal face (111, 121) of the other among at least the first (110) and the second (120) support layer, production of at least one hinge element (170) integral the first support layer (110) and the second support layer (120).