FR3060624A1 - BUILDING ELEMENT, WALL, AND BUILDING USING BUILDING ELEMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction element (10) for buildings, comprising at least a first wall (12a) with an inner face and an outer face, the building element having at least one socket edge (20s, 20i, 22g , 22d), the first wall (12a) have at least one shoulders (24ad, 24ag, 24as, 24al, 24bd, 24bg, 24bs, 24bi, 25ad, 25ag, 25as, 25ai, 25bd, 25bg, 25bs, 25bi) on the socket edge, the rabbet having a front shoulder adjacent to the inner face and the outer face of the wall, and a depressed shoulder recessed from the front and adjacent to the other of the inner face and the outer face of the first wall. According to the invention, a channel (28) extends along one of the front shoulder (25ad) and the depressed shoulder (24ag) adjacent to the outer face of the first wall (12a). Application to construction buildings.

Description

Technical area

The present invention relates to building elements, or building blocks, which can be used in particular to form the apparatus of building walls, such as partitions or walls, wt - vVic, "η>" "υ tïon can be used as due bn ; w "s, c;

are therefore intended to be deposited and superimposed.

t'irwenthn wystamHnt walls, and more generally buildings ïôalfeê »A pushr ri ^z s of construction, and in which the building elements can be removed associated with other structural or cladding elements.

The invention finds general applications in the field of construction, _lt ouculier for the production of construction elements and buildings based on bowls or based on materials of essentially vegetable origin.

State of the art

The state of the art can be illustrated by the documents FR2 092 008 and US 8 171 688. These documents relate to the production of walls, in particular walls from bricks or wooden construction elements.

These are elements with two walls kept at a distance from each other by means of a bracing.

The construction elements have lateral and longitudinal edges “'· - <‘ molding, so that two juxtaposed or superimposed construction elements can be mutually nested. This interlocking allows rapid assembly. The assembly can also use glue or hardware elements.

Each element includes a side edge and an upper edge with a male socket and a side edge and a lower edge with a female socket. (These are sockets with straight shoulders.

The construction elements are moreover associated with beams to stiffen the walls formed by the construction elements according to traditional techniques of the so-called frame houses in bowls.

Statement of the Invention

The mverriion is based on the conclusion of a perfectible seal of the walls and partitions obtained with known construction elements. The tightness being understood as a étani tv / A A fair and with water,

Another difficulty encountered with known building elements as well as with the walls q onstltués is their limited durability. Indeed, exposure of sockets to bad weather tends to cause unwanted deformations and to further aggravate your faults riMrUWW · IW elsewhere, moisture that cannot be removed can cause ruinous pathologies such as mold or fungi .

The invention ® thus aims to increase the etonctwb rite so construction and assemblies of construction elements with structural elements.

Another goal is to strengthen the durability of the building elements ”and their resistance to the environment, in particular in the wind and wind.

To achieve these and other goals, the invention more specifically proposes a construction element for buildings, comprising at least a first wall with an internal face and an external face, the construction element having at least one edge at socket, the first wall have at least one shoulder rabbet on fe t »rd io with socket, the rabbet having a frontal shoulder adjacent to one of the internal face and of the external face of the pan, a depressed shoulder, set back relative to the front shoulder, and adjacent to the other of the internal face and the external face of the first wall.

According to the invention> m y nfe wu at least one channel extending along one of the front shoulder and the depressed shoulder adjacent to m ax>. . · <.> Te t, - first wall.

The term "interlocking edge" means an edge of the construction element which ", by its shape, allows an adjusted interlocking with one or more adjoining construction elements having a complementary interlocking edge, so as to present with these elements respectively a zone of recovery after interlocking. One or more parts of the construction element, and in particular the first wall, may have for this purpose, on the socket edge, or on each i; / socket edge, a groove, a rebate or a profile having a complementarity of form with a groove, a rebate or a profile formed on an interlocking edge of a complementary construction element.

In the context of the invention, the first wall may in particular have a profile on the edge with a mating socket, the two shoulders are offset with respect to each other and are designated by the front shoulder and the depressed shoulder so as to distinguish the most advanced shoulder with respect to the edge of the shoulder from the most recessed shoulder.

In a simple embodiment of the building element, the front shoulder 5 may be ach i ^k n "r ° xnfo the edge socket. It can also be set back from this edge if the edge profile has other more advanced parts.

It should indeed be noted that qm »Μ · <socket edges may have a more complex profile than the double shoulder described here. By io garlic closure or a tongue and groove or false tongue recess can be envisaged on the first wall, while providing a shoulder turned towards the external face and provided with the channel, in accordance with the invention.

Two configurations can arise, depending on whether the frontal ts shoulder is adjacent to the external face or to the internal face of the first wall. When the front shoulder is adjacent to the external face of the first wall, the interlocking bond of the building element can be nested avt-r. -p, uurrt é socket of another construction element, complementary, for which the front shoulder is adjacent to the internal face of the first wall and for which the depressed shoulder is adjacent to the external face.

In other words, the interlocking of two complementary construction elements leads to the abutment of the front shoulder of each construction element with the depressed shoulder of the other construction element.

As indicated previously, at least one channel is formed on one of the front facing and of the shoulder t adjacent to the outer wall of the first wall. Additional channels can optionally be practiced also on the shoulders facing the internal face, with, however, a less technical effect.

A function of the channel, and in particular of the channel formed on the shoulders facing the external face of the first wall, is to serve as a water flow pipe, and in particular infiltrated water, issued from bad weather, the channel also makes it possible to create a decompression chamber at the interface of juxtaposed building elements in an assembly of a set of building elements in accordance with the invention, The decompression chamber makes it possible to prevent water is not retained at the junction between two construction elements by a phenomenon of capillarity acting between abutting parts of these ίο elements. The decompression chamber formed by the channel makes it possible to cause the pore water to flow while allowing the elements to fit together with a reduced clearance adjustment. In particular, the adjustment of the construction elements can present a clearance which would tend to retain by capillarity your rainwater and runoff in the absence of the channel.

It may be emphasized that the channel formed in a front shoulder of a building element can be disclosed with a channel made in a depressed shoulder of an adjacent building element conjugate. The two channels face each other and provide a further improved flow of water.

Yet another function of the canal is to promote internal ventilation of the construction elements "hi t '" rr t "im hiskuvi rftetèmono nv construction, so as to evacuate your water vapor likely to come from the Interior of a building.

The channel can be presented, for example, in the form of a rectangular, triangular or rounded section. 11 may preferably have a depth of greater than or equal to 1 millimeter. The depth is considered from the surface of the shoulder.

When two adjacent construction elements are nested and adjacent to the same seated ufîv, their channels, loreqt'ita are opposite, can form decompression chambers whose width corresponds substantially to double (A ^ / foundry of the channels. The section of the chants , ^ ¹ '// u; Mon est Jom Ά jvntvnnc ©

vs. nure ê inw \

The width of the channels can be> preferably greater than 2 mm, while remaining less than the width of the shoulder. Their length preferably corresponds to the length of the shoulder.

Thanks to the water flow channels and thanks to the pressure relief chambers which they constitute, a tighter adjustment of the construction elements can be envisaged. This results in a better seal, and in particular a better seal in the air of the partitions. In addition, the flow of water along the canals allows water to be drained from the building elements and dried up. This results not only in better sealing of the partitions, but also in lower deformation stresses, in particular in the event of frost. The durability of the construction elements, and the partitions or buildings which are made of them, if necessary, are improved.

It should be noted that redundant or split channels can be provided on your shoulders, for example, in the form of two parallel channels.

In a particular embodiment of a building element according to the invention, this may include at least one longitudinal edge with embossure and at least one lateral edge with embossure. In this case, the first wall may have a rabbet with a shoulder provided with a channel on at least one of the longitudinal edge and of the lateral edge with socket.

In a preferred embodiment, a channel is provided on each lateral edge with a socket of the building element.

The lateral edge and the longitudinal edge are considered respectively as a green edge ¹ V in horizontal, in a preferred orientation of the building elements for the erection of a vertical wall on horizontal ground. Furthermore, for a general non rectangular element, and according to its preferred use, the longitudinal side edge are generally (the edges of smaller and greater law "ment. However the longitudinal and lateral terms do not prejudge or an orientation construction elements, or their general shape.

ίο In the particular case of a parallelepipedic construction element, the two lateral edges, as well as the upper longitudinal edge and the lower longitudinal edge can be provided with a flow channel.

Building elements can have different shapes dictated by the construction of a wall, or a partition or other part of a building.

The simplest element, comparing i bvwe ”is in the general form of a rectangular parallelepiped. It may include, in addition to the first wall;

- at least one second wall facing the first wall

- at least one enter W *> ï the first wall to the second wall and spanning between the first park, ut te Leu »no v or,« ment.

At least one of the first and second walls, and preferably both, can be made, for example, of a material chosen from, solid bowls, agglomerated wood, bonded wood, a charged resin or a material plastic.

When solid bowls are selected for the manufacture of construction elements, for example Douglas fir wood, it is preferentially so chosen in the duram of logs of the selected species in order to guarantee employment of level 3, ie regular exposure to bad weather without contact with the ground. The bowl can also undergo a treatment to give it the desired use properties.

The first and the two king may preferably be rigid and flat walls.

We consider ^ <»a the first and second walls are substantially flat that a main part of these walls extends substantially along a plane, Aînsï ta presence of a relief related to the embolus, or possibly a reliefο relief surface, and in particular a surface relief participating in the aesthetics of the building element, are not considered to be detrimental to the substantially planar character of the first and second walls.

The first and second walls are considered rigid when they do not present a perceptible deformation under your weight and your construction constraints of which the building element is part or to which it

When the walls are "in this case the first wall is liable to be exposed to rainwater or runoff, it suffices that one or more shoulders of this wall are provided with the channels forming the decompression chambers, [It is however possible to provide the second wall with shoulders comp comparable channels. This is particularly the case when they are likely to be exposed to the Weather.

In the following description "and for simplification" reference is made to a second wall which is not necessarily provided with channels, and which η · μ sliné to be turned towards an interior part or sheltered by a construction or d 'a building.

The spacing between the two walls confnts construction of insulation and in particular of thermal insulation.

The spacing can be the)> re or can be filled with a filling material chosen for its thermal or thermoacoustic insulation properties. In particular, the spacing can be filled with rock wool flakes, glass fl · v c) ta, wood wool flakes, cellulose wadding, polystyrene beads, manufactured blocks of rock wool, manufactured blocks of glass wool, manufactured blocks of wood fibers, manufac u / rie of polystyrene blocks, manufactured blocks t'v rtc <scraps ©, cork granules, or feathers, by example.

As mentioned previously, one or more spacers can connect, in rigid m-smiêre, your first wall or te second wall, and thus give the building element its cohesion and its general structure. Particularly advantageously the spacers can be assembled to the first wall respectively by a dovetail assembly. Such binding, in addition to making you offer good rigidity to the building element, also allows you to consider your realization of building elements without glue and without hardware elements. The manufacture of building components and components that bare, and DVDs thus made it possible to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

re, the assembly of the different parts of the construction element without glue makes it possible to entirely eliminate the use of chemicals in the construction and thus reduces the emissions of volatile organic compounds.

The first wall and the second wall may preferably be substantially parallel to each other. This is particularly the case for a building element of generally parallelepiped shape. 11 est t uirbte jHutaïtapj eimine inclm ^ wm4 m tare wall ίο relative to the vertical, for example in view of an aesthetic effect of a wall made up of the elements.

In order to improve the insulation provided by the building element, and in particular the airtightness, the air element can comprise at least one intermediate wall disposed in b ^ wncront between w first and the second wall.

The intermediate wall can - ·. * U; “Sea, for example, to a simple plastic film.

w However, and preferably, the intermediate wall can be in the form of a rigid wall fixed to the spacer (s), and kept at a distance do b first and from the second wall by the spacers. Preferably, the Intermediate wall fixed between two adjacent spacers. The intermediate wall and the spacers can be made w of such, compacted wood fibers, or plastic.

When building elements are assembled to form a device with regulated seats, that is to say elements whose longitudinal edges are aligned with the longitudinal edges of neighboring elements, the spacers, and the intermediate wall cto each element can be staggered to overlap the sockets of the longitudinal interlocking edges.

More specifically, the spacers can be offset from the adjusted seats, so that each spacer connects the first and second walls of a first building element and one of a second building element located immediately above the first building element and a second building element located immediately below the first building element.

Thus each spacer makes it possible to connect the first and second walls of two superimposed construction elements, which considerably increases the rigidity of the construction, even in the absence of vertical chaining.

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Likewise, each intermediate wall may be common to a first construction element and to one of a second construction element situated immediately above the first construction element and to a second construction element situated immediately below the first building element. In this case, the intermediate walls, abutting one another, have a junction line offset with respect to the longitudinal edges with emboluro m overlap p Uque so your areas of nesting of the building elements.

3 characteristic has the advantage of increasing the tightness of the air wall and convective movements of the enclosed air.

According to an improvement, for a building element with an edge with an upper longitudinal socket and an edge with a lower longitudinal socket, the first wall may include:

- on the upper longitudinal edge, a rebate having a depressed shoulder provided with a chamfer with an external ace, and

- on the lower longitudinal edge, a rabbet having a front shoulder in whistle, with a bevel parallel to the chamfer and adjacent to the external face.

îh bonus wupôroror draws in this a hatt a male and the bottom edge a u ihl d wnhAure female. The chamfer of the depressed shoulder adjacent to the external face of the first wall is inclined towards the lower edge from the inside towards the outside. The chamfer of the depressed shoulder has in this case a function, comparable to that of a drip, consisting in promoting a flow of water towards the external face of the first wall.

The lower longitudinal edge in a whistle has a bevel with the same angle of reduction as the chamfer so as to be able to fit onto the chamfer of a conjugated building element. The chamfer and whistle can incidentally facilitate the interlocking of construction elements.

According to an improvement »the construction element can have a height ev-t Apoulements on the external face, that is to say the face presenting your shoulders with chamfer and bevel, less than a height between shoulders on an internal face , opposite the external face.

By height between shoulders is meant a shoulder distance on the edge with upper socket and a conjugate shoulder ίο on the edge with lower socket.

The reduced height between shoulders between the shoulder with the chamfer and the shoulder with the bevel allows a slight spacing between your chamfers and the adjacent bevels when construction elements are stacked nested in a construction.

This spacing, which can be reduced, typically of the order of a millimeter, or a few millimeters "allows the evacuation by runoff of water likely to be collected by the channels and your decompression chambers that your channels form in a wall.

The second wall may have a comparable chamfer and whistle, especially when it is intended to be exposed. If it is an internal wall of a construction or a sheltered wall, the shoulder may be, for example, a straight shoulder or a shoulder with any conjugate profile.

As mentioned above the building element p i parallelepipedic element "comparable to a brick. The building element can also have a more elaborate shape so as to serve as a corner element or as a splitting element.

The building element can thus have a first part "of element" te tenth part of element "each part of element comprising at least a first wall, and at least a second wall, of the first ps element and the second part of element forming "between them, respectively a non-zero angle along a transverse plane perpendicular to the first and second walls,

The angle formed by the fox baskets walls of the first layer © the angle formed between the second walls of the first part of the element and of the second part of the element. Preferably your angles can be identical. In this case, the first m second walls of each element part are respectively parallel efore '.'tes.

In particular the first and second element parts can form, between them, an equt in the transverse plane.

Advantageously, the first and second parts of the element may have different lengths * mirrored apartv 'ut ·' angle ridge. This makes it possible to constitute, during a stack of construction elements at an angle, a corner harpoon in order to offset the lateral edges of the various seats of the straight construction elements which are there scH r n *

The invention also relates to a building wall or a partition comprising one of a plurality of interlocking construction elements, with regulated seats, your construction elements conforming to the preceding description. The first face of the construction elements, and more generally the first and the second face form the fsœs of the apparatus. It © uvuvofo to receive as such a decorative coating, a protective finishing plaster or external thermal insulation.

In general, your building elements of the invention, the walls which are made of them, can be associated with interior lining, exterior shining, but also with shutters, or with windows or other covering elements.

The invention finally relates to a building comprising at least one building wall or at least one partition formed of construction elements as described. In this case, the construction elements can be associated with other elements with conjugate neck. This is, for example: ίο - a Νγαη? ₍ w an embolism combined with a lower longitudinal edge with embolism of construction elements

- of a high beam with a neck conjugate to at least one of a lower longitudinal edge and of an upper longitudinal edge of construction elements, n - of a lintel avut of a neck conjugate to an upper longitudinal edge building elements,

- a post with embolism combined with a lateral edge of building elements,

an opening frame with a conjugate neck with at least one lateral edge and at least one longitudinal edge of building elements.

The term “heald” is understood to mean an elongated construction element resembling a rail or an angle which can receive construction elements ”in particular for the low heald, or which can cover a row of construction elements, for the high heald. In particular, a high rail can cover the construction elements of a floor of a building. El t receive the frame of a roof.

In the case of a multi-storey building, a top rail of a storey can be configured to receive the construction elements of a next storey.

In addition, a high rail can be configured as an interface element with a floor or with a trim on the shore.

all can be made in bowls or a material! U '> HO h A h | H its by OTStmcflon.

The lintel, in addition to its recess conjugated to an upper longitudinal edge, may also have a recess conjugated to a lower longitudinal edge of construction elements, in particular when one or more rows of construction elements are provided above the w lintel .

Other characteristics of the invention of the invention p ό ι, μ nt of the description which follows, with reference to the figures of the drawings. This description is given for illustrative purposes only and not limiting.

Brief description of the figures

Figure IA is a perspective of a building element according to the invention.

Figure 1B is a perspective of a building element comparable to that of Figure 1 A, from a different perspective angle.

Figure 2 is a top plan view of the building element of Figure 1B, showing a longitudinal edge with interlocking of the element.

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Figure 3 is a plan view along one side of the building element of Figure 1B, showing a side edge with a socket of the element

Figure 4A is a perspective view of an outgoing corner construction element according to the invention.

gure 4B is a perspective of a re-entrant corner construction element according to the invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of part of a construction including a splitting construction element according to the invention.

FIG. 6 is a perspective of an opening frame capable of being associated with construction elements according to the invention for the production of a building.

Figure 7 is a perspective of a building element according to the invention may be u lintel.

The figures are represented in free form.

Detailed description of methods of implementing the invention 25

Identical, similar or equivalent parts of the different figures are marked with the same reference signs so that it is easier to refer from one figure to the other.

Figures 1A and 1B show a building element 10 according to the invention in its simplest form. It is an element in the form of a brick with rectangular main faces and capable of being associated with other identical or comparable construction elements to make a partition or a building. In particular the building element 10 can be assembled to mount a partition "a wall, a wall, a staircase" or s any other construction usually carried out with masonry bricks.

Construction elements of different dimensions can be provided. By way of example, it is possible to provide construction elements. ^ A tonhour of 25 ”50 or 75 eentimètn” a f juter of w 20 or 25 centimeters. Different lengths make it possible, in particular, when viewed in marker is / ci considered parallel to a longitudinal edge of the construction element and the height is considered relative to a lateral edge of the construction element, these twists being further described more below.

The building element 10 has a first rigid and planar wall 12a, a second wall 12b "also rigid and planar, extending parallel to the first wall 12a.

The first wall 12a is connected to the second wall 12b by spacers 14, perpendicular to the third walls. The spacers provide a spacing between the walls 12a "12b 18. In the example illustrated, your entffitofec / i 14 extend essentially vertically by rappiri" no. n Normal mitation of the building element on a horizontal foundation.

For construction elements with dio. n ^k tes as indicated above »the spacing 16 is, for example» 15 cm.

It can be removed, more generally, and preferably, between half and one tenth of the length of the building elements.

The spacers 14 are connected to the first and second walls by dovetail assemblies. The dovetail joint gives the building element a good dimensional dimension.

In a construction, the first ^ p? ¹ , ji 12a and the second wall 12b, as well as the spacers 14, are bracing elements. They are also used to lower loads to the foundation or to underlying building elements.

The element 10 co stnœfiori ^ p ^r \ unte two longitudinal edges 20s, 20I of greater length and two side edges 22d, 22g of smaller length in Figure 1A. Indices d and g are used 9 · to hnlfler the right and left side edges. The indices s and i are used to ίο mean higher * and lower. The terms upper 'and' lower *, as well as 'top and bottom' are understood in relation to a preferred orientation of the building element for the production of a structure. The terms right ”and left are understood simply with respect to an orientation of the building element shown in f IA. is The longitudinal edges 20s, 20i and lateral 22d, 22g are bonjv ri socket. They thus allow an interlocking of the building element with conjugated elements placed in an upper row, conjugated elements placed da inferior, and conjugated elements juxtaposed in a device with regulated seats of a construction erected with such elements. The side edges ô Construction clients preferably form a harp from one seat to the next.

Each of the first and second walls, icun of the lateral and longitudinal edges, a shoulder socket.

The upper longitudinal edge 20s and the left lateral edge are socket edges ms iis 12a, 12b have a depressed shoulder there 24ag, 24bg, 24as, 24 bs on their external face, and one has front shoulder 25ag, 25bg, 25as, 25bs on their inner side. The front shoulders are respectively adjacent to the left lateral edge © and to the upper longitudinal edge. The depressed shoulders are respectively set back from the front shoulders and therefore from the upper longitudinal edge 20s and the left lateral edge 22g.

The lower longitudinal edge 201 and the right lateral edge 22d are female socket edges. The walls 12a »12b there have a drtpimé shoulder 24bd, 24ai, 24 bi on their inner faces facing one another. They also have front shoulders 25ad, 25bd, 25ai, 25bi adjacent to the right lateral edge and to the lower longitudinal edge respectively. The depressed shoulders are set back relative to the lower longitudinal edge 2üi ei "u tevd tetéral droit 22d, while your front shoulders are adjacent.

The shoulders' wd <pn'oment identified in Figures 2 and 3. Figure 2 is a top view "that is to say perpendicular to the plane of the upper longitudinal edge jre 3 is a view perpendicular to the right side edge 22d which found substantially to the right in Figure 1A, and substantially forward in Figure IB.

It can be observed that the depressed shoulder 24as of the upper longitudinal edge 20s on the first wall 12a has a chamfer "while the front shoulder 25ai, which is opposite to it, on the lower longitudinal edge 2QI has a bevel having substantially the same inclination that the chanfrev io (very shoulders 25as, 24ai, 25bs, 24bs, 25bï, 24bï are straight shoulders, perpendicular respectively to ia take eî te te second wall.

The chamfer and the bevel are tilted for a downward and outward flow of water from the building element. The chamfer and the bevel are preferably reserved for a wall intended to face the extenwn ritem r ^ Atruction or an unsheltered part of a building.

It should be specified that (the construction elements can advantageously be configured so that, during assembly, the chamfer of a construction element is not in direct contact with the bevel of an element of immediately above, a slight spacing is maintained between the chamfer and the bevel of the superimposed elements, this spacing is then used to promote the flow of water likely to be collected by the channels and the pressure vessels described below.

More precisely, the distance between the depressed shoulder 24as presenting the chamfer and the front shoulder 25ai presenting the bevel is slightly less than that between the front shoulder 25as and ίο the depressed shoulder 24ai from the internal face of the first wall 12a. In the same way »the distance between your chamfer and your bevel is also slightly less than your distance between your front shoulders

25bs, 25M ”and depressed 24bi, 24bs from the second wall 12b.

It is understood that the distance separating respectively the front shoulders 25bs, 25bi "and depressed 24bi, 24bs from the second wall 12b is equal to that between the front shoulder 25as and the internal shoulder from the first wall 12a. Thus your descent of loads in a construction is done through these shoulders of the building element. These are the perpendicular shoulders of the first and second walls 12a "12b.

The shoulders 24as, 25ai forming the chamfer and the bevel do not participate in the transfer of loads.

The spacing between the chamfer of a building element and the bevel of the Immediate element (s) may be of the order of a millimeter, or a few millimeters "so as to allow a flow of water.

Alternatively, the two walls may be provided with a chamfer and a bevel on their end so as to improve the possible reversibility of> n. According to another possibility further, your two walls may be devoid of chamfer and bevel,

In this case, the shoulders are straight shoulders, perpendicular to the first and to the second wall.

The different shoulders of the building element, in particular your depressed shoulders can be obtained by machining the io pr ημπ “t walls, in particular by knocking. According to another possibility, '♦ t ^ ►alemerrt possible to obtain shoulders comp it your first and second walls respectively by an offset lamination of two plates, whose edges then constitute the respective shoulders.

lOnont of the construction of FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2 and 3, present on the front shoulder 25ad of the right lateral wrong 22d and of the first wall 12a a channel 28. A channel 28 simllaht ¹ <"j finds on the depressed shoulder 24 opposite ag of the first wall 12a, that is to say on the left lateral side 22g, The flow channels 28, are thus located on the shoulders adjacent to the external face of the first wall 12a, which is considered here like a wall liable to be exposed to the rain », your caroîta 28 srol -jû ·» s><red sulciformes extending along their respective shoulders, substantially half the width of the shoulder

When construction elements are juxtaposed in a construction, the channels formed in front shoulders and depressed robpptowement abutting face each other and form, in their abutment, a water flow pipe. The water collected in this pipe s 'flows on the chamfer of the depressed shoulder of the upper longitudinal edge of a building element located below.

It should be noted that the front shoulder of the lower longitudinal edge can be provided with a comparable channel, not shown, forming a so-called water drop channel.

s Returning to FIG. 1A, we can note the presence of an intermediate wall 18 housed in the space 16 between the first wall 12a and the second wall 12b. It is to improve the insulation properties of the building element by constituting a barrier to the passage of air, a thermal barrier and a sound barrier. The intermediate wall ίο is parallel to the main walls 12a, 12b. It held by the spacers. The wall lnt € more precisely Inserted between two successive spacers re "re respectlVMurev <iyns of the ralnt | uées on these spacers.

As shown in Figure 1A, the spacers 14, all buroo i î pure intermediate 18 "do not extend to the longitudinal edge" upéneur to socket 20s but are slightly retreated ^! ytc jmh, u retd. Thus, during the erection of a wall or a dolsoi etoises and the corresponding intermediate wall of an immediately higher construction element can come to stack and abut themselves with the spacers and the intermediate wall of the element Lower construction offset from the junction edge. This offset constitutes an additional obstacle to a possible passage of air.

The intermediate wall 18 can also have a height greater than wte of the construction elements and extend through several construction elements.

In the same way, the spacers of a building element

Immediately upper can engage in your free part of the grooves of the first and second walls, above the spacers of the lower element. Thus each spacer also constitutes a vertical chaining element and a load lowering element.

Intermediate walls can also be inserted between errtretoises of two construction elements juxtaposed on a same hms this case, the Intermediate walls extend beyond your lateral edges with socket 22g, 22d, as shown in Figure 2 in phantom , tert, intermediate parts extending emr Hrem of construction juxtaposed are not shown in Figure 1 A, for reasons of clarity of the figure.

Finally, it can be noted that the intermediate walls 18 of the building elements adjacent to a wall can be simply abutted. They can also be the subject of a mid-wood assembly, so as to improve their airtightness. In the latter case, the intermediate walls may have a half-timbered shoulder 21, as illustrated in FIG. 1B.

FIGS. 4A and 4B show another type of construction element according to the invention, which is a corner construction element, the construction elements 10 of FIG. 4A are outgoing corner elements, respectively on their first wall 12a. Unless otherwise specified, the description below relates to one of the construction elements of the flgu

The building element has two parts 10a and 10b each provided with a first wall 12a and a second wall 12b.

i ♦ * pii i'vk rt yu uxième μ: nhn 3 of each part 10a, 10b of the construction element are respectively mutually parallel and mutually connected by means of spacers 14, which stand perpendicular to these walls .

In addition, the first and b second walls of each part of the construction frame form with the first park, respectively with the second wall of the other part of the construction element at an angle. This angle, measured drm réan perpendicular to the prerntevx · m second walls is a right angle in the example of your Figure 4. The construction element 10 of Figure 4A is indeed a corner element whose first and second parts are perpendicular ^? “R r p tes.

Cross tie rods 32, forming èî, "yates" make it possible to make the two parts 10a "10b of the construction element integral. The tie rods

32 have ends with qura * n slingshot, in a manner comparable to the spacers 14. Each tie rod has an end engaged on the internal face of a first wall 12a of one of the parts of the building element "and one end opposite engaging on the lateral flank of a spacer 14 on the other side have construction. The assembly ίο of the parts of the construction element by means of crossed tie rods can be achieved by stapling and by simple complementarity of form of the elements. Dre te <example of Figure 4A your cross tie rods 32 form an assembly to ml-tols. This assembly can do without glue or hardware elements.

When the two parts 10a and 10b of the building element are assembled ", their first walls 12a respectively have back ends joined. It is the same for your second walls 12b.

The free ends of the first and second parts 10a, 10b of the building element have side edges to embed 22. Preferably one of the side edges to embolish is a male edge, and our edge is a female edge.

FIG. 4A shows two construction elements in a square superimposed and nested along a longitudinal edge with a neckline ^f vp / ut to 3 the first and second parts 10a and 10b have unequal lengths * - dore um ri <Jiser, in a construction, a alternating parts of long and short building elements, as shown. Such alternation can constitute a harp, and more precisely a corner harp on which parallelepiped elements come to overlap while ensuring a lateral shift of the seat from one seat to the next.

FIG. 4B shows corner elements forming an inside corner on their first wall 12a. The corner elements of FIG. 4L will, moreover, be similar to those of FIG. 4A and one can thus refer to the description above.

FIG. 5 shows part of a wall 40 comprising a device of parallelepipedic construction elements 10 and of construction elements 10T of splitting.

t tejMvweîl du mur 40 is a device with adjustable seats. In other words w, the construction elements all have the same height, so that the interlocking longitudinal edges of the construction elements 10, 10T, juxtaposed are respectively abitete ut arranged in parallel horizontal seat planes.

(* s te <2ds side to nesting construction elements are offset, between each seat or row, and the next row immediately above or below. The offset of the side edges, perhaps, for example, half a length element standard or a third of a length.

In FIG. 5, the last row from the top represents, ‘u’ v comprises only one single split construction element 10a, 10b. It comprises a first part 10a, with two first walls 12a aligned in facing, and two second walls 12b which are opposite. H also comprises a second part 10b, perpendicular to the first part 10a. The second part also has a first wall 12a and a second wall 12b.

The first and second clutches of the splitting construction element come out connected by crossed tie rods 32, forming staples, engaged on your first faces eVou on your spacers K These torey, vte comparable, in terms of function to the tie rods already mentioned in reference to FIG. 4. They also have dovetail ends.

The abutting shoulders of the first two walls 12a constituting the facing of the first part 10a of the splitting construction element having, between them, a water flow path formed by the flow channels ÎW. Back geese of comparable water flow, not visible in the figure, also exist between the shoulders qqs piemières walls abou ho "ht v ifo. W + building elements 10 from wall 40.

Figure c rooMro on re opening 80 door capable of being utdoe m combination with construction elements according to io the Invention. The opening frame has vertical legs 82m, 62f, forming right angles and having lateral edges with male and female socket compatible> vi tes, "iterals with sockets of construction elements. A high crossmember 64 also includes a male socket compatible with the lower longitudinal edge with rite socket, construction elements.

When the opening frame intended for a window, its support 65 may also have, a socket, and in this case a female socket compatible tudinal upper construction elements.

the height of the opening frame and / or the construction elements of the structure in which the opening frame is placed are preferably determined so that the height of the opening frame corresponds to a multiple whole of that of the building elements. This height can also be adapted to the dimensions oland,, in, ’, rtes oo of windows, for example.

FIG. 7 shows a construction element 10L according to the invention capable of being used as a lintel element. Such a construction element can come to cover an opening and in particular an * a.v - riteu seniority as shown in FIG. 6.

The construction element of FIG. 7, called lintel for simplicity, has a large number of similarities with those of FIGS. 1A and 1B "so we can refer to the description above. H however has a length greater than the basic construction elements of FIGS. 1A and 1 B.

A particular function of the lintel is to transfer the loads it receives from the top, towards its tolerant parts and towards the walls delimiting an opening. The lintel allows in particular to transfer the loads to the sides of an opening.

In FIG. 7, some vertical spacers 14 have been removed in order to show the presence of a base spacer 15 situated under the vertical spacers. The base spacer 15 extends substantially horizontally i v ri a area parallel to the upper lateral edge 20s and to the lower lateral edge 20i. It allows the loads supported by your vertical struts 14 of the lintel to be taken up and transferred to the first wall 12a and the second wall 12b of the lintel. It is appropriate for M tore a <re totrol that your vertical louvers 14 of the lintel come out capable of receiving loads of spacers stacked with other construction elements arranged above the lintel. In fact the lurel nur reto, upper lateral rd 20s with male socket adapted to the construction elements shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B in particular. The lower lateral edge 20i of the lintel is also <re n ή socket, female, adapted, for example, to the opening frame 60 of FIG.

as The lintel 10L may be provided with a single base spacer 15, or with a plurality of base spacers, for example a base spacer associated with each vertical spacer 14.

Claims (18)

Claims s 1) Construction element (10, 10T, 101) for buildings, comprising at least a first wall (12a) with an internal face and an external face, the construction element WHvntant at least one edge with socket (20s, 20î, 22g, 22d), the first wall (12a) have at least one shoulder rebate (24ad, 24ag, 24as, 24al, 24bd, 24bg, 24bs, 24bi, w 25ad, 25ag, 25as, 25ai, 25bd, 25bg, 25bs, 25bi) on the socket edge, the rabbet having a frontal shoulder adjacent to one of the internal face and the external face of the wall, and a depressed shoulder, recessed from the front shoulders * 4 .-sdMcent to the other of '»internal face and external face of the first wall, 15 characterized by at least one channel (28) extending from one of the front shoulder (25ad) and the depressed shoulder (24ag) adjacent to the external face of the wall (12a). 2) Building element according to claim 1, comprising at 20 at least one longitudinal edge with socket (20s, 20i) and at least one lateral edge with socket (22g, 22d), in which the first wall has a rebate with a shoulder provided with a channel (28) on at least the one of the longitudinal edge and of the lateral edge with socket. 25 3) Building element according to any one of claims 1 or 2, comprising: - at least one second wall (12b) facing the first wall (12a) - At least one entmioïs © (14) connecting the first wall to the second wall and providing an i (16) between the first second wall. 5 4) Building element according to claim 3, wherein the spacers (14) are assembled to the first and the second wall (12a, 12b) respectively by m v.® <fh 'v μ n dovetail. 5) Building element according to one of claims 3 or 4, in which your first and second walls (12a, 12b '/ .v? Nt wrjibly parallel to each other. 6) Building element according to any one of claims 3 to 5 "comprising at least one intermediate wall (18) disposed in 15 the spacing (16) between the first and the second wall (12a, 12b). 7) Building element according to claim in which the intermediate wall (18) is a wall u <; fde fixed on the spacer, and kept at a distance from the first and from the second wall by 20 the spacer. 8) Eîêneni construction according to any one of claims 3 to 7, comprising a filling material in the gap (16) between the first and the second wall. 9) Building element according to claim 8, wherein the filling material is chosen from rock wool flakes, glass wool flakes, flocum. o- tin; of wood, cellulose wadding, polystyrene bile, manufactured blocks of wool 30 rock, manufactured blocks of glass wool, manufactured blocks of wood fibers, manufactured blocks of polystyrene, manufactured blocks of cellulose wadding, granules of cork, and feathers. 10) Building element according to any one of claims 5 years which at least one of the first and second walls (12a, 12b) is made of a material chosen from, solid wood, agglomerated wood, laminated bowls, a loaded rôslro, and plastic. ίο 11) Building element according to any one of the preceding claims with an edge with an upper longitudinal socket (20s) and an edge with a lower longitudinal socket (20î) in which the first wall includes: - on the upper longituoinai edge, a rabbet having a depressed shoulder h (24as) provided with a chamfer adjacent to the external face, and - s »m q ^ d lower longitudinal, a rebate having a front shoulder (25ai) in whistle, with a bevel parallel to said chamfer external face. 12) Building element according to claim 11, having a height between shoulders on b (external ace, less than a height between shoulders on an internal face, opposite to the external face. 13) Building element according to one of the preceding claims, have a first part Qu-p d. u'w second element part (10b), each element part comprising at mc <HP iw first preuî (12a), and at least one second wall (12b), substantially parallel to your first wall, the first and second walls 30 of the first element part and the second element part respectively forming a non-zero angle along a transverse plane perpendicular to the first and second walls. 14) Building element according to claim vy wherein your first and second element parts (10a, 10b) form between them a square in the transverse plane. 15) Building wall (40) comprises ^ an apparatus formed of a plurality of building elements (10, 10T) nested, with regulated seats, the building elements being according to any one of the preceding claims. 16) Building wall according to your claim 15, in the construction elements (10) have a first by a 15 second wall (12b) and spacers (14) connecting the first rt to the second wall, in which the spacers come out offset from the adjusted seats, so that each spacer (14) connects the first and second walls of a first construction element (10) and one of a second construction element located immediately above the 20 first building element and a second building element located immediately below the first building element. 17) Building wall according to your claim 16, wherein your building elements actively compi a wall 25 intermediate (18) fixed on the spacers and in which the intermediate wall is offset from the adjusted seats, so that each intermediate wall (18) is common to a first construction rterem and one of a second element does not Moulted immediately above the first building element and a 30 second building element Immediately below the first building element. 18) Building comprising at least one building wall (40) according to one of claims i! ” t * further comprising at least one of s; - a low heald with a socket conjugate to a laughing longitudinal edge with nesting of construction elements »a high heald with a socket conjugated to at least one of a lower longitudinal edge and an upper longitudinal edge of elements of construction, - a lintel (1 OL) with a socket conjugate to an upper longitudinal edge of construction elements, - an interlocking post combined with a lateral edge of building elements, 15 - an opening frame (60) with interlocking conjugate a ^ *. lateral hreti and a longitudinal edge of building elements. n "sesz ο