EP3022362B1 - Construction block and wall made up of at least two such superimposed blocks - Google Patents

Construction block and wall made up of at least two such superimposed blocks Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3022362B1
EP3022362B1 EP14742189.5A EP14742189A EP3022362B1 EP 3022362 B1 EP3022362 B1 EP 3022362B1 EP 14742189 A EP14742189 A EP 14742189A EP 3022362 B1 EP3022362 B1 EP 3022362B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
block
building block
face
wall
cell
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EP14742189.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3022362A2 (en
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Dominique Rossi
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Individual
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/025—Retaining or protecting walls made up of similar modular elements stacked without mortar
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
    • E02D29/0241—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being reinforced earth elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a building block and a wall wall composed of at least two such superimposed blocks.
  • this wall wall can serve as a retaining wall with the possibility of integrating one or more recesses passing through the building blocks of said wall, these recesses being able for example to receive soil in order to plant cover plant elements therein.
  • a wall wall serving as a retaining wall can thus be several meters high.
  • This wall wall can also be used to make different buildings such as a stepped wall, a bank layout, a protective barrier or a noise barrier.
  • WO 2010/086352 A1 discloses a building element and a retaining wall made with such elements; notches are also present at the level of the edges of the walls of these blocks.
  • the document WO 2009/058316 A1 shows a building block having a cell bordered by four walls, some of which have notches on their edges.
  • the document GB 2151287 A shows a building block with two cells and comprising on certain walls, at the level of the sections, notches for cooperation with superimposed blocks.
  • the problem at the basis of the present invention is to consolidate the connection between two building blocks of a wall wall so that this connection can effectively withstand various stresses imposed on it, in particular a different horizontal thrust exerted on building blocks. superimposed on each other or on top of each other.
  • a building block according to claim 1 intended to be superimposed on at least one similar building block, said block comprising an upper face, a lower face, a front face, a face. rear and longitudinal faces as well as at least one cell, the at least one cell crossing the block from its lower face to its upper face and being delimited by solid longitudinal and transverse walls the intersections of which form cell corner zones, said building block comprising at least one notch projecting beyond the face lower and configured to allow a connection with the similar building block, characterized in that it comprises a beam with at least one cell corner zone, the beam passing through the block from its lower face to its upper face and s' extending, in a first direction of its cross section, over part of a longitudinal wall, and, in a second direction of its cross section over part of a transverse wall, the at least one notch being formed by one end of beam.
  • the beam thus formed is a mechanical reinforcing element projecting inside a cell at a corner of intersection of two walls delimiting said cell.
  • the function of relative blocking of the block with respect to other blocks is achieved, at least in part, by at least one beam which is an additional structural element.
  • the beam also serves to reinforce the cohesion of the walls of the block at the level of the corner which is a zone of discontinuity, and therefore of concentration of mechanical stresses.
  • the walls are not involved and do not risk being degraded.
  • the block has increased resistance in areas of stress concentration that are the cell corners. Having in this way formed an effective mechanical reinforcement, the notches arranged at the level of the beams exhibit better resistance, in particular to shear, relative to the notches projecting along the thickness of the walls of the block. It will also be noted that the beams produce at the same time as the notches, mechanical assemblies associating, in a manner similar to a triangulation, the transverse and longitudinal walls.
  • the invention also relates to a wall wall, characterized in that it is formed of at least two such building blocks, an upper building block being superimposed on at least one lower block of similar construction, at least one notch of the block respectively upper or lower penetrating and advantageously producing a support in a cell of the respectively lower or upper block.
  • the wall wall incorporates, between two superimposed building blocks, a geogrid having meshes, each notch of the upper building block being shaped to penetrate into one of the meshes of said grid.
  • At least one block of the wall is made integral with at least one adjacent similar block and arranged at the same level, tenon and mortise type fastening means being provided between at least two adjacent blocks.
  • the wall wall comprises at least two adjacent lower blocks, the same superimposed block at least partially covering the two adjacent lower blocks.
  • the superimposed block is offset by being re-entrant or projecting with respect to the lower block (s).
  • the at least two blocks of the same level are offset with respect to one another so that their front faces form a non-rectilinear front.
  • the superimposed upper block has an inclination with respect to the lower block (s).
  • the building block comprises a front notch projecting on the edge of its front face located on the lower face, the open notch being configured to be applied, by its flanks on the wall of the front face of the lower building block.
  • the figures 1 and 2 show a building block 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention, while the figure 3 shows a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the building block 1 is intended to be superimposed on at least one similar building block, in order to produce a wall wall which can serve for example as a retaining wall.
  • the securing means in the form of notches are formed on the underside of the blocks, to cooperate, in superposition, with the cells of the lower blocks.
  • the orientation of the block 1 can however be reversed with the lower face facing upwards so that the notches protrude upwards.
  • the adjective “lower” must therefore be understood without limitation relative to the orientation which will be given to the block during assembly to cooperate with superimposed blocks.
  • the blocks therefore have two potential orientations, notches up or notches down.
  • the building block 1 is of substantially parallelepipedal shape but this is not compulsory, said block 1 may also have another shape with for example a triangular longitudinal section or a trapezoidal shape.
  • the unit 1 comprises a front face 8 and a rear face 10 joined together by an upper face, a lower face and longitudinal faces.
  • the upper and lower faces are hollow by having at least one internal hollow part.
  • the upper and lower faces are plane and parallel to each other. Furthermore, the whole of the block 1 is advantageously produced in a single piece, including the beams 11 described below in detail, that is to say in a single piece of a single material.
  • Block 1 comprises cells 2, the number of which is not limited. It preferably has a first group of cells as well as a central cell 7 which are equipped with beams 11 described below.
  • the internal hollow part is formed by two groups of two cells 2, each of the cells 2 completely crossing the block 1 from its lower face towards its upper face, the two groups being delimited by solid longitudinal 3 and transverse 4 walls.
  • the four cells 2 are arranged in two consecutive groups in the length of the block 1, the two groups being separated by a common transverse wall 12.
  • a block 1 according to the present invention can contain one or more. cells 2 of different shapes and with a different distribution than that illustrated in figures 1 to 3 .
  • Each of the two groups of cells 2 occupies most of the width of the building block 1, leaving as solid parts in said block 1 only the two longitudinal sides 3 delimiting a group of cells 2 on each longitudinal side of the block 1 as well as an internal longitudinal wall 6 between two cells 2 of the same group.
  • the two groups of cells 2 advantageously occupy two thirds of the length of block 1, essentially the middle and rear parts of said block 1, the front part of said block 1 possibly comprising a recess 7, as will be seen more precisely later.
  • securing means comprise notches 5 projecting from the upper block in the direction of its height, each of the notches 5 being associated with a respective cell 2 carried by the lower block and being arranged on the lower face of the block 1.
  • the notches are placed so as to allow various configurations of relative mounting of the blocks 1 and are, according to the invention, characteristically formed to offer high mechanical strength.
  • the notch or notches 5 are each formed by one end of a beam 11.
  • An example of beams 11 is given, with for the example, a square section, at figures 1 to 3 .
  • the beams 11 extend along the height of the block, between the upper face and the lower face, and are placed in a cell 2. More precisely, each beam 11 is located in a cell corner zone, that is, that is to say at the location of an intersection between a longitudinal wall and a transverse wall delimiting said cell 2.
  • the corner areas are substantially at right angles but this case is not limiting.
  • the beam 11 cooperates both with a transverse wall and with the corresponding longitudinal wall, being in their continuity inside the cell 2.
  • the beams 11 are reinforcing portions of the cell corners 2 offering better resistance. Therefore, it will be noted that the thickness of certain walls, in particular of transverse walls, can be reduced, for example to between 50% and 80% of the thickness of the longitudinal walls 3.
  • Form the notches 5 in the distal zone of the beams It is advantageous because it offers great resistance. This also makes it possible to benefit from areas of large section for the notches. In addition, in the event of a notch 5 breaking, this does not degrade the longitudinal and transverse walls of block 1.
  • the section of the beams 11 is for example configured to have, in length and in width, a dimension between 60 and 140% of the thickness of the longitudinal walls 3. In general, it is arranged so that the beams 11 occupy less than 50% of the corresponding internal dimension of the cell 2 in which it is placed.
  • the notch which is in the extension of a beam does not extend laterally beyond the surface of the beam so that the forces supported by the notch are transmitted to the rest of the block only via the beam. .
  • the block 1 firstly comprises two beams 11 each in a cell 2 of the first group of cells, here towards the rear face 10 of the block 1.
  • the beams equip corner areas located towards the front, that is to say the most towards the front face 8 and advantageously these are the outermost corner areas, that is to say close to the longitudinal faces of the block 1.
  • each notch 5 of a block 1 has a substantially rectangular or square section, but this is not compulsory.
  • the notches 5 preferably have at least one right angle in their angle configured to apply to the walls of the cell of the block with which they cooperate so as to form a double support, in two perpendicular directions (transverse and longitudinal).
  • the notches 5 advantageously have the same section as the rest of the beams 11.
  • the block 1 can present towards its front face 8 a central cell 7 passing through said block 1.
  • the central cell 7 has, at two corner areas, beams 11 carrying notches 5.
  • the beams 11 of the first group of cells 2 cooperate with a cell wall, in the transverse direction, oriented opposite to that of cooperation of the beams 11 of the central cell 7, relative to the front face 8.
  • the recovery support between beams 11 and transverse wall 4 takes place towards the rear while it takes place towards the front for the beams 11 cooperating with the transverse wall 12 for the first group of cells.
  • the rear face 10 of the block 1 can have rear beams 13, these shapes being able to improve the aesthetics of the block 1 or to improve the rear anchoring of the building block 1 in the supported element, for example the earth.
  • the rear beams 13 can also be used for fixing a geogrid 16.
  • two beams 13 are made symmetrically relative to the internal longitudinal wall 6 which, preferably, constitutes a plane of symmetry for the whole of the block. 1.
  • the beams 13 can have a larger section than the beams 11.
  • the beams 13 By forming a relief on the rear face 10, the beams 13 also make it possible to trap sounds and therefore have a sound insulation function when the rear face is exposed to the outside of the wall wall 17.
  • the beams 13 themselves also carry notches 14 projecting from the underside. These notches 14 complete the horizontal stability of the block 1 when it is placed, for example on the ground or also on other blocks 1, for palletizing or for mounting a wall wall.
  • This stability can be supplemented by a front notch 15 carried by the wall of the front face 8, projecting according to its thickness, beyond the lower face.
  • all the notches 5, 14, 15 have the same projection height. They also preferably have a flat distal surface.
  • the figures 6 and 7 illustrate in this context that the blocks can then be easily stacked for storage and transport, either in parallel ( figure 7 ) or by alternating the blocks by levels offset by 90 ° ( figure 6 ).
  • the distal surface of the notches 5, 14, 15 then constitutes a bearing surface distributed over different points of the block 1.
  • notch 15 is optionally at the center of the width of the front face.
  • the width of the notch 15 preferably decreases towards the inside of the block 1.
  • the inclined sides serve to provide contact zones. with the front face 8 (or other parts) of superimposed blocks.
  • the figure 8 gives an example.
  • the angle of the inclined sides may be identical to that of the intermediate side 9 of the front face 8.
  • the front face 8 of the building block 1 advantageously in the form of a parallelepiped is bevelled by presenting several facets while at the figure 3 the front face 8 of the building block 1 is rounded in shape. This corresponds to a shape of the front face 8 chosen to constitute the most visible part of the desired wall wall.
  • the central cell 7 of the front part of the building block 1 is polygonal in shape with several sides 9, while at the figure 3 , the central cell 7 has a rounded part 9a forming its portion facing the front of the unit 1.
  • the figure 8 shows the overlap of the lower face of two adjacent blocks 1 by a geogrid 16 having meshes 16a. At least one notch 5 of the building blocks 1 is shaped to be able to penetrate into one of the meshes 16a of said grid 16. This makes it possible to increase the horizontal resistance of a wall wall made of superimposed blocks, the geogrid 16 limiting movements. notches 5 either towards the front or the rear, or laterally, the geogrid 16 being able in particular to provide a connection to an embankment. This cooperation also appears to figures 9 and 10 .
  • the notches 5 of the cell 7 can also serve for the retention of the geogrid.
  • the figure 4 shows an embodiment of a wall wall made of at least two building blocks, a lower building block receiving at least one similar building block being superimposed on it and covering it at least partially, at least one notch of the upper block penetrating into a cell of the lower block.
  • This configuration can be used to form retaining wall phonic screens.
  • the figure 4 shows a wall wall 17 formed by the superposition of two levels of building blocks, each building block 1inf of a lower level being overlapped by two upper building blocks respectively 1 and 1 ', 1' and 1 ", 1" and 1 '''.
  • the lower leftmost 1inf building block of the figure 4 is covered for its rightmost first longitudinal half by the upper building block 1, its other longitudinal half being covered by the upper building block 1 'adjacent to the aforementioned upper building block 1.
  • the other three lower building blocks 1 inf are covered by half in the same way by two longitudinal blocks, respectively 1 'and 1 ", 1" and 1 "".
  • the right-most lower 1inf building block of the figure 6 is for example covered for its leftmost first longitudinal half by the upper building block 1 '''.
  • Each lower building block 1inf has two groups of two cells 2inf, i.e. four cells while each upper building block 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1' '' is provided with four notches 5, said notches 5 respectively penetrating into a associated 2inf cell carried by a lower building block 1inf.
  • Two notches 5 of an upper building block 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1' '' penetrate into a lower building block 1inf while the other two notches 5 of said upper building block 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1' '' enter the lower building block directly adjacent to the aforementioned lower building block 1inf.
  • the same level of building blocks is not aligned but forms a non-rectilinear front, for example a convex or concave front curve, their front or respectively rear faces then being kept spaced from each other.
  • figure 4 shows that one face of the assembly is formed by the combination of the front faces of the blocks and that the opposite face is formed by the combination of the rear faces of the blocks.
  • Each of these two assembly faces can form the facade of the structure, that is to say with a surface exposed to the outside, the other face being oriented towards the side of the slope.
  • the superposition of building blocks of a higher level with building blocks of a lower level is done with an inclination with respect to the horizontal, this inclination being able to change according to the height of the levels in the wall. mural.
  • the various levels can also be shifted towards the rear of the wall wall 17, the more the height of said wall increases but the opposite is also possible. This is particularly advantageous when it is appropriate for the wall wall to follow a slope or a wall to be consolidated. This is the case of the illustration given in figure 5 in top view.
  • the wall wall it is also possible for the wall wall to have an inclination relative to the vertical, this inclination possibly being, for example, 15 °.
  • the offsets in a horizontal plane of the rows of blocks provide, at the level of the recesses 7, locations for vegetating the stack of blocks. This configuration can also serve as a sound barrier.
  • Figure 11 shows a variant of the block of the figure 1 in which the notches 5 of the beams 11 are the only elements projecting from the face of the block. Front notches 15 and rear 14 are absent in this case, which can increase the possibilities of combining the blocks in superposition.
  • Figures 12 to 16 show examples.
  • a wall wall 17 is formed with a row of blocks whose front face is directed in a first direction and with a second row, superimposed, with a front face of in the opposite direction. This alternation of direction can be continued in other rows.
  • the configuration of Figure 14 is close but the lower and upper rows have a different relative longitudinal placement the notches 5 and the cells cooperating differently. The result is visible in perspective in figure 13.
  • FIG. 15 Another variant alternates the directions of the blocks in the same row as shown in FIG. 15. This is the case here for all the rows. This arrangement allows better sound insulation, the reliefs on the facade being numerous and of various shapes to trap sounds. The cooperation of the notches and the cells in this case is illustrated in FIG. 16. In all cases, it is also possible to shift the rows longitudinally so as to produce a fruit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
  • Fencing (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un bloc de construction et une paroi murale composée d'au moins deux tels blocs superposés.The present invention relates to a building block and a wall wall composed of at least two such superimposed blocks.

Plus particulièrement, cette paroi murale peut servir de mur de soutènement avec la possibilité d'intégrer un ou des évidements traversant les blocs de construction de ladite paroi, ces évidements pouvant par exemple recevoir de la terre afin d'y planter des éléments végétaux de recouvrement. Une telle paroi murale faisant office de mur de soutènement peut ainsi présenter plusieurs mètres de haut. Cette paroi murale peut aussi servir à réaliser différents édifices tels qu'un mur en gradins, un aménagement de berges, un merlon de protection ou un merlon antibruit.More particularly, this wall wall can serve as a retaining wall with the possibility of integrating one or more recesses passing through the building blocks of said wall, these recesses being able for example to receive soil in order to plant cover plant elements therein. . Such a wall wall serving as a retaining wall can thus be several meters high. This wall wall can also be used to make different buildings such as a stepped wall, a bank layout, a protective barrier or a noise barrier.

Selon l'état de la technique, illustré notamment par le document US-A-5678958 , il est connu de superposer au moins deux blocs de construction. Afin de maintenir un bloc de construction superposé sur un bloc inférieur, il est prévu de munir la face inférieure du bloc de construction superposé d'au moins un cran pénétrant dans une encoche du bloc de construction inférieur ou arrivant en butée contre une partie dudit bloc inférieur afin d'éviter un basculement du bloc superposé et son maintien en position sur le bloc inférieur.According to the state of the art, illustrated in particular by the document US-A-5678958 , it is known to superimpose at least two building blocks. In order to maintain a building block superimposed on a lower block, provision is made to provide the underside of the superimposed building block with at least one notch penetrating into a notch of the lower building block or coming into abutment against a part of said block. lower block to prevent tilting of the superimposed block and its maintenance in position on the lower block.

Il s'est avéré qu'une telle solidarisation entre deux blocs superposés posait des problèmes et offrait une faible résistance. Notamment, l'utilisation d'un cran et d'une encoche pouvait entraîner la rupture de l'encoche par cisaillage, particulièrement quand la paroi murale sert de mur de soutènement et est soumise à une poussée sensiblement horizontale des éléments soutenus, par exemple de la terre. Ceci peut provoquer l'avancement du bloc superposé par rapport au bloc inférieur.It turned out that such a connection between two superimposed blocks posed problems and offered low resistance. In particular, the use of a notch and a notch could cause the notch to break by shearing, particularly when the wall wall serves as a retaining wall and is subjected to a substantially horizontal thrust from the supported elements, for example. Earth. This can cause the advancement of the superimposed block relative to the lower block.

Une explication à cette faible résistance de la solidarisation réside dans le fait que l'appui du bloc superposé sur le bloc inférieur est déficient car inégalement réparti du fait de la faible surface des crans. De plus, la position des crans peut ne pas être optimale pour contrecarrer la poussée horizontale que subit le bloc superposé par rapport au bloc inférieur.One explanation for this low resistance of the joining lies in the fact that the support of the block superimposed on the lower block is deficient because it is unevenly distributed due to the small surface area of the notches. In addition, the position of the notches may not be optimal to counteract the horizontal thrust undergone by the superimposed block relative to the lower block.

La même difficulté est rencontrée dans le document DE-U1- 296 08 704 qui montre des crans en saillie à la surface des pans du bloc à assembler.The same difficulty is encountered in the document DE-U1- 296 08 704 which shows notches protruding from the surface of the sides of the block to be assembled.

Le document US 2010/0263310 A1 présente des blocs servant à former des coins de compositions murales ; des crans de montage relatif entre des blocs superposés sont disposés au niveau de la tranche des blocs.The document US 2010/0263310 A1 presents blocks used to form the corners of wall compositions; relative mounting notches between superimposed blocks are arranged at the edge of the blocks.

Le document WO 2010/086352 A1 divulgue un élément de construction et un mur de soutènement réalisés avec de tels éléments ; des crans sont aussi présents au niveau des tranches des parois de ces blocs.The document WO 2010/086352 A1 discloses a building element and a retaining wall made with such elements; notches are also present at the level of the edges of the walls of these blocks.

Le document WO 2009/058316 A1 montre un bloc de construction présentant une alvéole bordée de quatre parois dont certaines présentent, sur leur tranche, des crans.The document WO 2009/058316 A1 shows a building block having a cell bordered by four walls, some of which have notches on their edges.

Le document GB 2151287 A montre un bloc de construction à deux alvéoles et comprenant sur certaines parois, au niveau des tranches, des crans de coopération avec des blocs superposés.The document GB 2151287 A shows a building block with two cells and comprising on certain walls, at the level of the sections, notches for cooperation with superimposed blocks.

Le problème à la base de la présente invention est de consolider la solidarisation entre deux blocs de construction d'une paroi murale afin que cette solidarisation puisse efficacement résister à diverses sollicitations qui lui sont imposées, notamment une poussée horizontale différente exercée sur des blocs de construction superposés l'un à l'autre ou les uns aux autres.The problem at the basis of the present invention is to consolidate the connection between two building blocks of a wall wall so that this connection can effectively withstand various stresses imposed on it, in particular a different horizontal thrust exerted on building blocks. superimposed on each other or on top of each other.

Pour atteindre cet objectif, il est prévu selon l'invention un bloc de construction selon la revendication 1 destiné à être superposé à au moins un bloc de construction similaire, ledit bloc comportant une face supérieure, une face inférieure, une face avant, une face arrière et des faces longitudinales ainsi qu'au moins une alvéole, la au moins une alvéole traversant le bloc de sa face inférieure vers sa face supérieure et étant délimitée par des parois longitudinales et transversales pleines dont les intersections forment des zones de coin d'alvéole, ledit bloc de construction comportant au moins un cran faisant saillie au-delà de la face inférieure et configuré pour permettre une solidarisation avec le bloc de construction similaire, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une poutre à au moins une zone de coin d'alvéole, la poutre traversant le bloc de sa face inférieure vers sa face supérieure et s'étendant, suivant une première direction de sa section transversale, sur une partie d'une paroi longitudinale, et, suivant une deuxième direction de sa section transversale sur une partie d'une paroi transversale, le au moins un cran étant formé par une extrémité de la poutre.To achieve this objective, there is provided according to the invention a building block according to claim 1 intended to be superimposed on at least one similar building block, said block comprising an upper face, a lower face, a front face, a face. rear and longitudinal faces as well as at least one cell, the at least one cell crossing the block from its lower face to its upper face and being delimited by solid longitudinal and transverse walls the intersections of which form cell corner zones, said building block comprising at least one notch projecting beyond the face lower and configured to allow a connection with the similar building block, characterized in that it comprises a beam with at least one cell corner zone, the beam passing through the block from its lower face to its upper face and s' extending, in a first direction of its cross section, over part of a longitudinal wall, and, in a second direction of its cross section over part of a transverse wall, the at least one notch being formed by one end of beam.

La poutre ainsi formée est un élément de renfort mécanique en saillie à l'intérieur d'une alvéole au niveau d'un coin d'intersection de deux parois délimitant ladite alvéole.The beam thus formed is a mechanical reinforcing element projecting inside a cell at a corner of intersection of two walls delimiting said cell.

De cette manière, la fonction de blocage relatif du bloc par rapport à d'autres blocs est réalisée, au moins en partie, par au moins une poutre qui est un élement structurel supplémentaire. La poutre sert aussi à renforcer la cohésion des parois du bloc au niveau du coin qui est une zone de discontinuité, et donc de concentration de contraintes mécaniques. De plus dans le cas d'une rupture de l'extrémité de la poutre qui remplace les crans traditionnels en continuité au-dessus des parois du bloc, les parois ne sont pas mises en jeu et ne risquent pas d'être dégradées.In this way, the function of relative blocking of the block with respect to other blocks is achieved, at least in part, by at least one beam which is an additional structural element. The beam also serves to reinforce the cohesion of the walls of the block at the level of the corner which is a zone of discontinuity, and therefore of concentration of mechanical stresses. In addition, in the event of a rupture of the end of the beam which replaces the traditional notches in continuity above the walls of the block, the walls are not involved and do not risk being degraded.

Ainsi, le bloc comporte une résistance accrue au niveau de zones de concentration de contraintes que sont les coins d'alvéoles. Ayant de la sorte formé un renfort mécanique efficace, les crans disposés au niveau des poutres présentent une meilleure résistance, en particulier au cisaillement, relativement à des crans en saillie suivant l'épaisseur des parois du bloc. On notera en outre que les poutres réalisent en même temps que les crans, des ensembles mécaniques associant, de manière similaire à une triangulation, les parois transversales et longitudinales.Thus, the block has increased resistance in areas of stress concentration that are the cell corners. Having in this way formed an effective mechanical reinforcement, the notches arranged at the level of the beams exhibit better resistance, in particular to shear, relative to the notches projecting along the thickness of the walls of the block. It will also be noted that the beams produce at the same time as the notches, mechanical assemblies associating, in a manner similar to a triangulation, the transverse and longitudinal walls.

Le bloc selon l'invention pourra en outre présenter facultativement au moins l'une quelconque des caractéristiques suivantes :

  • Il comporte un premier groupe de deux alvéoles de part et d'autre d'une paroi longitudinale interne, chaque alvéole du premier groupe comportant une poutre, les poutres étant symétriques relativement à la paroi longitudinale interne.
  • Les poutres des alvéoles du premier groupe sont situées sur des zones de coin d'alvéole situées à proximité de faces longitudinales opposées.
  • Il comporte, immédiatement en arrière de sa face avant, une alvéole centrale traversant ledit bloc et comportant deux poutres sur des zones de coin d'alvéole situées à proximité de faces longitudinales opposées.
  • Les deux poutres de l'alvéole centrale s'étendent sur une paroi transversale située à l'arrière de l'alvéole centrale relativement à la face avant, et les deux poutres des alvéoles du premier groupe s'étendent sur une paroi transversale située à l'avant des alvéoles de premier groupe relativement à la face avant.
  • Il comporte comportant un deuxième groupe de deux alvéoles de part et d'autre de la paroi longitudinale interne et entre l'alvéole centrale et le premier groupe.
  • Le deuxième groupe ne comporte pas de poutre.
  • Les parois longitudinales sont plus épaisses que les parois transversales.
  • Chaque cran présente une section sensiblement rectangulaire ou carrée.
  • La face arrière comporte au moins une poutre arrière avec une extrémité en saillie au-delà de la face inférieure formant un cran arrière.
  • La face avant comporte, en saillie sur sa tranche située sur la face inférieure, un cran avant.
  • Les hauteurs de saillie des crans, du au moins un cran arrière et du cran avant sont identiques.
  • Il présente une forme sensiblement parallélépipédique.
  • Il présente une face avant arrondie ou biseautée.
The block according to the invention may also optionally have at least any one of the following characteristics:
  • It comprises a first group of two cells on either side of an internal longitudinal wall, each cell of the first group comprising a beam, the beams being symmetrical relative to the internal longitudinal wall.
  • The beams of the cells of the first group are located on cell corner areas located near opposite longitudinal faces.
  • It comprises, immediately behind its front face, a central cell crossing said block and comprising two beams on cell corner zones located near opposite longitudinal faces.
  • The two beams of the central cell extend over a transverse wall located behind the central cell relative to the front face, and the two beams of the cells of the first group extend over a transverse wall located at the front. 'front of the first group cells relative to the front face.
  • It comprises a second group of two cells on either side of the internal longitudinal wall and between the central cell and the first group.
  • The second group does not have a beam.
  • The longitudinal walls are thicker than the transverse walls.
  • Each notch has a substantially rectangular or square section.
  • The rear face has at least one rear beam with one end projecting beyond the underside forming a rear notch.
  • The front face has, projecting on its edge located on the underside, a front notch.
  • The protrusion heights of the notches, at least one rear notch and the front notch are identical.
  • It has a substantially parallelepipedal shape.
  • It has a rounded or bevelled front face.

L'invention concerne aussi une paroi murale, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est formée d'au moins deux tels blocs de construction, un bloc de construction supérieur étant superposé à au moins un bloc inférieur de construction similaire, au moins un cran du bloc respectivement supérieur ou inférieur pénétrant et avantageusement produisant un appui dans une alvéole du bloc respectivement inférieur ou supérieur.The invention also relates to a wall wall, characterized in that it is formed of at least two such building blocks, an upper building block being superimposed on at least one lower block of similar construction, at least one notch of the block respectively upper or lower penetrating and advantageously producing a support in a cell of the respectively lower or upper block.

Avantageusement, la paroi murale incorpore, entre deux blocs de construction superposés, une géogrille présentant des mailles, chaque cran du bloc de construction supérieur étant conformé pour pénétrer dans une des mailles de ladite grille.Advantageously, the wall wall incorporates, between two superimposed building blocks, a geogrid having meshes, each notch of the upper building block being shaped to penetrate into one of the meshes of said grid.

Avantageusement, au moins un bloc de la paroi est solidarisé à au moins un bloc similaire adjacent et disposé au même niveau, des moyens de solidarisation du type tenon et mortaise étant prévus entre au moins deux blocs adjacents.Advantageously, at least one block of the wall is made integral with at least one adjacent similar block and arranged at the same level, tenon and mortise type fastening means being provided between at least two adjacent blocks.

Avantageusement, la paroi murale comprend au moins deux blocs inférieurs adjacents, un même bloc superposé recouvrant au moins partiellement les deux blocs inférieurs adjacents.Advantageously, the wall wall comprises at least two adjacent lower blocks, the same superimposed block at least partially covering the two adjacent lower blocks.

Avantageusement, le bloc superposé est décalé en étant rentrant ou en saillie par rapport au(x) bloc(s) inférieur(s).Advantageously, the superimposed block is offset by being re-entrant or projecting with respect to the lower block (s).

Avantageusement, les au moins deux blocs d'un même niveau sont décalés l'un par rapport à l'autre afin que leurs faces avant forment un front non rectiligne.Advantageously, the at least two blocks of the same level are offset with respect to one another so that their front faces form a non-rectilinear front.

Avantageusement, le bloc supérieur superposé présente une inclinaison par rapport au(x) bloc(s) inférieur(s).Advantageously, the superimposed upper block has an inclination with respect to the lower block (s).

Préférentiellement, le bloc de construction comporte un cran avant en saillie sur la tranche de sa face avant située sur la face inférieure, le cran ouvert étant configuré pour s'appliquer, par ses flancs sur la paroi de la face avant du bloc de construction inférieur.Preferably, the building block comprises a front notch projecting on the edge of its front face located on the lower face, the open notch being configured to be applied, by its flanks on the wall of the front face of the lower building block. .

D'autres caractéristiques, buts et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre et au regard des dessins annexés donnés à titre d'exemple non limitatif et sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'une vue de dessous en perspective d'un bloc de construction selon une première forme de réalisation de la présente invention, cette figure montrant notamment les crans pour la solidarisation du bloc avec au moins un bloc similaire sur lequel il est superposé,
  • la figure 2 est une représentation schématique d'une vue de dessous du bloc de construction selon la figure 1 et conforme à la présente invention,
  • la figure 3 est une représentation schématique d'une vue de dessous en perspective d'un bloc de construction selon une seconde forme de réalisation de la présente invention, cette seconde forme différant essentiellement de la première forme par la configuration de la face avant,
  • la figure 4 est une représentation schématique d'une vue de dessous d'une paroi murale selon la présente invention, ladite paroi murale étant constituée par la superposition de deux niveaux de blocs de construction, chaque bloc de construction superposé étant monté en chevauchement sur deux blocs de construction inférieurs,
  • la figure 5 est une représentation schématique d'une vue de dessus d'une paroi murale avec des blocs organisés en niveaux avec un fruit,
  • la figure 6 est une représentation schématique révélant la capacité d'empilement à 90° des blocs de manière stable malgré les crans, par exemple pour une palettisation.
  • La figure 7 illustre de manière similaire à la figure 6 un empilement en superposition parallèle des blocs, par exemple pour une palettisation,
  • La figure 8 montre une paroi murale dans laquelle une géogrille coopère avec les blocs.
  • Les figures 9 et 10 montrent plus en détail la coopération de la figure 8
  • La figure 11 montre une variante de bloc selon l'invention
  • Les figures 12 à 16 présentent des exemples révélant la multiplicité des assemblages réalisables par le bloc de l'invention, exemples illustrés avec le bloc de la figure 11.
Other characteristics, aims and advantages of the present invention will become apparent on reading the detailed description which follows and with regard to the appended drawings given by way of non-limiting example and in which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic representation of a bottom perspective view of a building block according to a first embodiment of the present invention, this figure showing in particular the notches for securing the block with at least one similar block on which it is superimposed,
  • the figure 2 is a schematic representation of a bottom view of the building block according to figure 1 and in accordance with the present invention,
  • the figure 3 is a schematic representation of a bottom perspective view of a building block according to a second embodiment of the present invention, this second form differing substantially from the first form in the configuration of the front face,
  • the figure 4 is a schematic representation of a bottom view of a wall wall according to the present invention, said wall wall being formed by the superposition of two levels of building blocks, each superimposed building block being mounted overlapping on two building blocks lower,
  • the figure 5 is a schematic representation of a top view of a wall wall with blocks organized in levels with a fruit,
  • the figure 6 is a schematic representation showing the ability to stack blocks at 90 ° in a stable manner despite the notches, for example for palletising.
  • The figure 7 illustrates similarly to figure 6 stacking blocks in parallel superposition, for example for palletizing,
  • The figure 8 shows a wall wall in which a geogrid cooperates with the blocks.
  • The figures 9 and 10 show in more detail the cooperation of the figure 8
  • Figure 11 shows a variant of block according to the invention
  • Figures 12 to 16 show examples revealing the multiplicity of assemblies that can be produced by the block of the invention, examples illustrated with the block of Figure 11.

Les figures 1 et 2 montrent un bloc 1 de construction selon une première forme de réalisation de l'invention, tandis que la figure 3 montre une seconde forme de réalisation de l'invention.The figures 1 and 2 show a building block 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention, while the figure 3 shows a second embodiment of the invention.

Dans ce qui va suivre, il sera tout d'abord fait référence à ces trois figures pour décrire les caractéristiques qui leur sont communes.In what follows, reference will first of all be made to these three figures to describe the characteristics which are common to them.

Comme il sera mieux décrit ultérieurement en regard des figures 4 et 5 notamment, le bloc 1 de construction est destiné à être superposé à au moins un bloc de construction similaire, afin de réaliser une paroi murale pouvant servir par exemple de mur de soutènement.As will be better described later with regard to figures 4 and 5 in particular, the building block 1 is intended to be superimposed on at least one similar building block, in order to produce a wall wall which can serve for example as a retaining wall.

Dans les modes de réalisation qui suivent, à titre non limitatif, les moyens de solidarisation sous forme de crans sont formés sur la face inférieure des blocs, pour coopérer, en superposition, avec des alvéoles de blocs inférieurs. L'orientation du bloc 1 peut cependant être inversée avec la face inférieure dirigée vers la hauteur pour que les crans fassent saillie vers le haut. L'adjectif « inférieur » doit donc s'entendre sans limitation relativement à l'orientation qui sera donnée au bloc lors du montage pour coopérer avec des blocs superposés. Les blocs ont donc deux orientations potentielles, crans vers le haut ou crans vers le bas.In the following embodiments, without limitation, the securing means in the form of notches are formed on the underside of the blocks, to cooperate, in superposition, with the cells of the lower blocks. The orientation of the block 1 can however be reversed with the lower face facing upwards so that the notches protrude upwards. The adjective “lower” must therefore be understood without limitation relative to the orientation which will be given to the block during assembly to cooperate with superimposed blocks. The blocks therefore have two potential orientations, notches up or notches down.

Aux figures 1 à 3, le bloc 1 de construction est de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique mais ceci n'est pas obligatoire, ledit bloc 1 pouvant aussi présenter une autre forme avec par exemple une section longitudinale triangulaire ou une forme trapézoïdale. Le bloc 1 comporte une face avant 8 et une face arrière 10 réunies par une face supérieure, une face inférieure et des faces longitudinales. Les faces supérieure et inférieure sont creuses en présentant au moins une partie creuse interne.To the figures 1 to 3 , the building block 1 is of substantially parallelepipedal shape but this is not compulsory, said block 1 may also have another shape with for example a triangular longitudinal section or a trapezoidal shape. The unit 1 comprises a front face 8 and a rear face 10 joined together by an upper face, a lower face and longitudinal faces. The upper and lower faces are hollow by having at least one internal hollow part.

Il est à noter qu'aux figures 1 à 3, la face avant 8 du bloc 1 a été modifiée pour ne pas correspondre exactement à un côté du parallélépipède. Cette caractéristique qui n'est pas essentielle, le bloc 1 pouvant aussi présenter exactement la forme d'un parallélépipède, sera décrite plus amplement ultérieurement.It should be noted that figures 1 to 3 , the front face 8 of block 1 has been modified so as not to correspond exactly to one side of the parallelepiped. This characteristic, which is not essential, since the block 1 can also have the exact shape of a parallelepiped, will be described in more detail later.

Il est préféré que les faces supérieure et inférieure soient planes et parallèles entre elles. Par ailleurs, l'ensemble du bloc 1 est avantageusement réalisé de manière monobloc, y compris les poutres 11 décrites ci-après en détail, c'est-à-dire en une seule pièce d'un seul matériau.It is preferred that the upper and lower faces are plane and parallel to each other. Furthermore, the whole of the block 1 is advantageously produced in a single piece, including the beams 11 described below in detail, that is to say in a single piece of a single material.

Le bloc 1 comporte des alvéoles 2 dont le nombre n'est pas limité. Il présente préférentiellement un premier groupe d'alvéoles ainsi qu'une alvéole centrale 7 qui sont équipées de poutres 11 décrites plus loin.Block 1 comprises cells 2, the number of which is not limited. It preferably has a first group of cells as well as a central cell 7 which are equipped with beams 11 described below.

Aux figures 1 à 3, la partie creuse interne est formée par deux groupes de deux alvéoles 2, chacune des alvéoles 2 traversant entièrement le bloc 1 de sa face inférieure vers sa face supérieure, les deux groupes étant délimités par des parois longitudinales 3 et transversales 4 pleines.To the figures 1 to 3 , the internal hollow part is formed by two groups of two cells 2, each of the cells 2 completely crossing the block 1 from its lower face towards its upper face, the two groups being delimited by solid longitudinal 3 and transverse 4 walls.

Les quatre alvéoles 2 sont disposées en deux groupes consécutifs dans la longueur du bloc 1, les deux groupes étant séparés par une paroi transversale commune 12. Cependant, ceci n'est pas limitatif et un bloc 1 selon la présente invention peut contenir une ou plusieurs alvéoles 2 de différentes formes et avec une répartition différente que celle illustrée aux figures 1 à 3.The four cells 2 are arranged in two consecutive groups in the length of the block 1, the two groups being separated by a common transverse wall 12. However, this is not limiting and a block 1 according to the present invention can contain one or more. cells 2 of different shapes and with a different distribution than that illustrated in figures 1 to 3 .

Chacun des deux groupes d'alvéoles 2 occupe la majeure partie de la largeur du bloc 1 de construction en ne laissant comme parties pleines dans ledit bloc 1 que les deux côtés longitudinaux 3 délimitant un groupe d'alvéoles 2 de chaque côté longitudinal du bloc 1 ainsi qu'une paroi longitudinale interne 6 entre deux alvéoles 2 du même groupe. Les deux groupes d'alvéoles 2 occupent avantageusement les deux tiers de la longueur du bloc 1, essentiellement les parties médiane et arrière dudit bloc 1, la partie avant dudit bloc 1 pouvant comprendre un évidement 7, comme il sera vu plus précisément ultérieurement.Each of the two groups of cells 2 occupies most of the width of the building block 1, leaving as solid parts in said block 1 only the two longitudinal sides 3 delimiting a group of cells 2 on each longitudinal side of the block 1 as well as an internal longitudinal wall 6 between two cells 2 of the same group. The two groups of cells 2 advantageously occupy two thirds of the length of block 1, essentially the middle and rear parts of said block 1, the front part of said block 1 possibly comprising a recess 7, as will be seen more precisely later.

Pour solidariser un bloc de construction supérieur superposé complètement ou partiellement à un bloc de construction similaire inférieur, il est prévu des moyens de solidarisation du bloc supérieur avec le bloc inférieur recouvert au moins partiellement par ledit bloc supérieur. Ces moyens de solidarisation comportent des crans 5 faisant saillie du bloc supérieur dans le sens de sa hauteur, chacun des crans 5 étant associé à une alvéole 2 respective portée par le bloc inférieur et étant disposé sur la face inférieure du bloc 1.To secure an upper building block completely or partially superimposed on a similar lower building block, means are provided for attaching the upper block to the lower block covered at least partially by said upper block. These securing means comprise notches 5 projecting from the upper block in the direction of its height, each of the notches 5 being associated with a respective cell 2 carried by the lower block and being arranged on the lower face of the block 1.

Les crans sont placés de manière à permettre des configurations variées de montage relatif des blocs 1 et sont, selon l'invention, constitués de manière caractéristique pour offrir une grande résistance mécanique. A cet effet, le ou les crans 5 sont constitués chacun par une extrémité d'une poutre 11. Un exemple de poutres 11 est donné, avec pour l'exemple, une section carrée, aux figures 1 à 3. Les poutres 11 s'étendent suivant la hauteur du bloc, entre la face supérieure et la face inférieure, et sont placées dans une alvéole 2. Plus précisément, chaque poutre 11 est située dans une zone de coin d'alvéole, c'est-à-dire à l'endroit d'une intersection entre une paroi longitudinale et une paroi transversale délimitant ladite alvéole 2. Dans les illustrations, les zones de coin sont sensiblement à angle droit mais ce cas n'est pas limitatif. La poutre 11 coopère à la fois avec une paroi transversale et avec la paroi longitudinale correspondante, en étant dans leur continuité à l'intérieur de l'alvéole 2. Ainsi, les poutres 11 sont des portions de renfort des coins d'alvéoles 2 offrant une meilleure résistance. De ce fait, on notera que l'épaisseur de certaines parois, en particulier de parois transversales, peut être réduite, par exemple à entre 50 % et 80 % de l'épaisseur des parois longitudinales 3. Former les crans 5 en zone distale des poutres 11 est avantageux car cela offre une grande résistance. Cela permet aussi de bénéficier de zones de section importante pour les crans. En outre, en cas de casse d'un cran 5, cela ne dégrade pas les parois longitudinales et transversales du bloc 1.The notches are placed so as to allow various configurations of relative mounting of the blocks 1 and are, according to the invention, characteristically formed to offer high mechanical strength. For this purpose, the notch or notches 5 are each formed by one end of a beam 11. An example of beams 11 is given, with for the example, a square section, at figures 1 to 3 . The beams 11 extend along the height of the block, between the upper face and the lower face, and are placed in a cell 2. More precisely, each beam 11 is located in a cell corner zone, that is, that is to say at the location of an intersection between a longitudinal wall and a transverse wall delimiting said cell 2. In the illustrations, the corner areas are substantially at right angles but this case is not limiting. The beam 11 cooperates both with a transverse wall and with the corresponding longitudinal wall, being in their continuity inside the cell 2. Thus, the beams 11 are reinforcing portions of the cell corners 2 offering better resistance. Therefore, it will be noted that the thickness of certain walls, in particular of transverse walls, can be reduced, for example to between 50% and 80% of the thickness of the longitudinal walls 3. Form the notches 5 in the distal zone of the beams It is advantageous because it offers great resistance. This also makes it possible to benefit from areas of large section for the notches. In addition, in the event of a notch 5 breaking, this does not degrade the longitudinal and transverse walls of block 1.

La section des poutres 11 est par exemple configurée pour avoir, en longueur et en largeur, une dimension comprise entre 60 et 140 % de l'épaisseur des parois longitudinales 3. En générale, on s'arrange pour que les poutres 11 occupent moins de 50 % de la dimension interne correspondante de l'alvéole 2 dans laquelle elle est placée.The section of the beams 11 is for example configured to have, in length and in width, a dimension between 60 and 140% of the thickness of the longitudinal walls 3. In general, it is arranged so that the beams 11 occupy less than 50% of the corresponding internal dimension of the cell 2 in which it is placed.

On comprend aisément que dans le cas d'une poutre de section polygonale, par exemple rectangulaire, deux pans adjacents de la poutre épousent deux parois internes de l'alvéole et que les deux autres pans de la poutre forment un ensemble saillant vers l'intérieur de l'alvéole, par exemple un angle, de préférence droit, rentrant dans l'alvéole.It is easily understood that in the case of a beam of polygonal section, for example rectangular, two adjacent sides of the beam fit two internal walls of the cell and that the other two sides of the beam form a projecting assembly inwards of the cell, for example an angle, preferably right, entering the cell.

Par ailleurs, avantageusement, le cran qui est dans le prolongement d'une poutre ne s'étend pas latéralement au-delà de la surface de la poutre de sorte que les efforts supportés par le cran sont transmis au reste du bloc uniquement via la poutre.Furthermore, advantageously, the notch which is in the extension of a beam does not extend laterally beyond the surface of the beam so that the forces supported by the notch are transmitted to the rest of the block only via the beam. .

Dans les figures 1 à 3, le bloc 1 comporte d'abord deux poutres 11 chacune dans une alvéole 2 du premier groupe d'alvéoles, ici vers la face arrière 10 du bloc 1. A titre préféré, les poutres équipent des zones de coin situées vers l'avant, c'est-à-dire le plus vers la face avant 8 et avantageusement ce sont des zones de coins les plus externes, c'est-à-dire à proximité des faces longitudinales du bloc 1.In the figures 1 to 3 , the block 1 firstly comprises two beams 11 each in a cell 2 of the first group of cells, here towards the rear face 10 of the block 1. As a preference, the beams equip corner areas located towards the front, that is to say the most towards the front face 8 and advantageously these are the outermost corner areas, that is to say close to the longitudinal faces of the block 1.

Comme il peut être vu aux figures 1 à 3, chaque cran 5 d'un bloc 1 selon la présente invention présente une section sensiblement rectangulaire ou carrée, mais ceci n'est pas obligatoire. Les crans 5 ont préférentiellement au moins un angle droit dans leur angle configuré pour s'appliquer sur les parois de l'alvéole du bloc avec lequel ils coopèrent de sorte à former un double appui, dans deux directions perpendiculaires (transversale et longitudinale).As can be seen at figures 1 to 3 , each notch 5 of a block 1 according to the present invention has a substantially rectangular or square section, but this is not compulsory. The notches 5 preferably have at least one right angle in their angle configured to apply to the walls of the cell of the block with which they cooperate so as to form a double support, in two perpendicular directions (transverse and longitudinal).

Les crans 5 ont avantageusement la même section que le reste des poutres 11.The notches 5 advantageously have the same section as the rest of the beams 11.

En se référant encore aux figures 1 à 3, le bloc 1 peut présenter vers sa face avant 8 une alvéole centrale 7 traversant ledit bloc 1.Referring again to figures 1 to 3 , the block 1 can present towards its front face 8 a central cell 7 passing through said block 1.

Dans l'exemple, l'alvéole centrale 7 dispose, à deux zones de coins, de poutres 11 portant des crans 5. Pour varier les reprises d'efforts, il est préféré que les poutres 11 du premier groupe d'alvéoles 2 coopèrent avec une paroi d'alvéole, dans la direction transversale, orientée à l'opposé de celle de coopération des poutres 11 de l'alvéole centrale 7, relativement à la face avant 8. Ainsi, dans l'exemple, la reprise d'appui entre poutres 11 et paroi transversale 4 s'opère vers l'arrière alors qu'elle s'opère vers l'avant pour les poutres 11 coopérant avec la paroi transversale 12 pour le premier groupe d'alvéoles.In the example, the central cell 7 has, at two corner areas, beams 11 carrying notches 5. To vary the loadings, it is preferred that the beams 11 of the first group of cells 2 cooperate with a cell wall, in the transverse direction, oriented opposite to that of cooperation of the beams 11 of the central cell 7, relative to the front face 8. Thus, in the example, the recovery support between beams 11 and transverse wall 4 takes place towards the rear while it takes place towards the front for the beams 11 cooperating with the transverse wall 12 for the first group of cells.

En se référant toujours aux figures 1 à 3, la face arrière 10 du bloc 1 peut présenter des poutres arrière 13, ces formes pouvant améliorer l'esthétique du bloc 1 ou améliorer l'ancrage arrière du bloc 1 de construction dans l'élément soutenu, par exemple de la terre.Always referring to figures 1 to 3 , the rear face 10 of the block 1 can have rear beams 13, these shapes being able to improve the aesthetics of the block 1 or to improve the rear anchoring of the building block 1 in the supported element, for example the earth.

Les poutres arrière 13 peuvent aussi servir à la fixation d'une géogrille 16. Dans l'exemple deux poutres 13 sont réalisées de manière symétrique relativement à la paroi longitudinale interne 6 qui, préférentiellement, constitue un plan de symétrie pour l'ensemble du bloc 1. Les poutres 13 peuvent être de section plus grande que les poutres 11.The rear beams 13 can also be used for fixing a geogrid 16. In the example two beams 13 are made symmetrically relative to the internal longitudinal wall 6 which, preferably, constitutes a plane of symmetry for the whole of the block. 1. The beams 13 can have a larger section than the beams 11.

En formant un relief sur la face arrière 10, les poutres 13 permettent aussi de piéger les sons et ont donc une fonction d'isolation acoustique lorsque la face arrière est exposée à l'extérieur de la paroi murale 17.By forming a relief on the rear face 10, the beams 13 also make it possible to trap sounds and therefore have a sound insulation function when the rear face is exposed to the outside of the wall wall 17.

Avantageusement, les poutres 13 portent elles-aussi des crans 14 en saillie sur la face inférieure. Ces crans 14 complètent la stabilité horizontale du bloc 1 lorsqu'il est posé, par exemple sur le sol ou encore sur d'autres blocs 1, pour la palettisation ou pour le montage de paroi murale.Advantageously, the beams 13 themselves also carry notches 14 projecting from the underside. These notches 14 complete the horizontal stability of the block 1 when it is placed, for example on the ground or also on other blocks 1, for palletizing or for mounting a wall wall.

Cette stabilité peut être complétée par un cran avant 15 porté par la paroi de la face avant 8, en saillie suivant son épaisseur, au-delà de la face inférieure.This stability can be supplemented by a front notch 15 carried by the wall of the front face 8, projecting according to its thickness, beyond the lower face.

Avantageusement, tous les crans 5, 14, 15 ont la même hauteur de saillie. Ils ont aussi préférentiellement une surface distale plane. Les figures 6 et 7 illustrent dans ce contexte que les blocs peuvent alors être aisément superposés pour le stockage et le transport, soit en parallèle (figure 7) soit en alternant les blocs par niveaux décalés de 90° (figure 6). La surface distale des crans 5, 14, 15 constitue alors une surface d'appui répartie sur différents points du bloc 1.Advantageously, all the notches 5, 14, 15 have the same projection height. They also preferably have a flat distal surface. The figures 6 and 7 illustrate in this context that the blocks can then be easily stacked for storage and transport, either in parallel ( figure 7 ) or by alternating the blocks by levels offset by 90 ° ( figure 6 ). The distal surface of the notches 5, 14, 15 then constitutes a bearing surface distributed over different points of the block 1.

On notera que le cran 15 est optionnellement au centre de la largeur de la face avant.It will be noted that the notch 15 is optionally at the center of the width of the front face.

Il comporte préférentiellement des flancs inclinés joignant la face externe du bloc et la face interne de l'alvéole centrale 7. La largeur du cran 15 va préférentiellement en diminuant vers l'intérieur du bloc 1. Les flancs inclinés servent à offrir des zones de contact avec la face avant 8 (ou d'autres parties) de blocs en superposition. La figure 8 en donne un exemple. L'angle des flancs inclinés peut être identique à celui du coté 9 intermédiaire de la face avant 8.It preferably comprises inclined sides joining the external face of the block and the internal face of the central cell 7. The width of the notch 15 preferably decreases towards the inside of the block 1. The inclined sides serve to provide contact zones. with the front face 8 (or other parts) of superimposed blocks. The figure 8 gives an example. The angle of the inclined sides may be identical to that of the intermediate side 9 of the front face 8.

Aux figures 1 à 2, la face avant 8 du bloc 1 de construction avantageusement sous forme d'un parallélépipède est biseautée en présentant plusieurs facettes tandis qu'à la figure 3 la face avant 8 du bloc 1 de construction est de forme arrondie. Ceci correspond à une forme de face avant 8 choisie pour constituer la partie la plus visible de la paroi murale désirée.To the figures 1 to 2 , the front face 8 of the building block 1 advantageously in the form of a parallelepiped is bevelled by presenting several facets while at the figure 3 the front face 8 of the building block 1 is rounded in shape. This corresponds to a shape of the front face 8 chosen to constitute the most visible part of the desired wall wall.

De même, aux figures 1 et 2, l'alvéole centrale 7 de la partie avant du bloc 1 de construction est de forme polygonale en comportant plusieurs côtés 9, tandis qu'à la figure 3, l'alvéole centrale 7 présente une partie arrondie 9a formant sa portion orientée vers l'avant du bloc 1.Likewise, at figures 1 and 2 , the central cell 7 of the front part of the building block 1 is polygonal in shape with several sides 9, while at the figure 3 , the central cell 7 has a rounded part 9a forming its portion facing the front of the unit 1.

La figure 8 montre le recouvrement de la face inférieure de deux blocs 1 adjacents par une géogrille 16 présentant des mailles 16a. Au moins un cran 5 des blocs 1 de construction, est conformé pour pouvoir pénétrer dans une des mailles 16a de ladite grille 16. Ceci permet d'accroître la tenue horizontale d'une paroi murale faite de blocs superposés, la géogrille 16 limitant les mouvements des crans 5 soit vers l'avant ou l'arrière, soit latéralement, la géogrille 16 pouvant notamment assurer une liaison à un remblai. Cette coopération apparaît aussi aux figures 9 et 10.The figure 8 shows the overlap of the lower face of two adjacent blocks 1 by a geogrid 16 having meshes 16a. At least one notch 5 of the building blocks 1 is shaped to be able to penetrate into one of the meshes 16a of said grid 16. This makes it possible to increase the horizontal resistance of a wall wall made of superimposed blocks, the geogrid 16 limiting movements. notches 5 either towards the front or the rear, or laterally, the geogrid 16 being able in particular to provide a connection to an embankment. This cooperation also appears to figures 9 and 10 .

Il peut être nécessaire de découper au cutter par exemple des mailles de la géogrille 16 pour le passage au travers de certains crans, notamment les crans 14. Les crans 5 de l'alvéole 7 peuvent servir aussi à la rétention de la géogrille.It may be necessary to cut with a cutter, for example, meshes of the geogrid 16 for the passage through certain notches, in particular the notches 14. The notches 5 of the cell 7 can also serve for the retention of the geogrid.

La figure 4 montre une forme de réalisation d'une paroi murale faite d'au moins deux blocs de construction, un bloc de construction inférieur recevant au moins un bloc de construction similaire lui étant superposé et le recouvrant au moins partiellement, au moins un cran du bloc supérieur pénétrant dans une alvéole du bloc inférieur.The figure 4 shows an embodiment of a wall wall made of at least two building blocks, a lower building block receiving at least one similar building block being superimposed on it and covering it at least partially, at least one notch of the upper block penetrating into a cell of the lower block.

Cette configuration peut être employée pour former des écrans phoniques de mur de soutènement.This configuration can be used to form retaining wall phonic screens.

La figure 4 montre une paroi murale 17 constituée par la superposition de deux niveaux de blocs de construction, chaque bloc de construction 1inf d'un niveau inférieur étant chevauché par deux blocs de construction supérieurs respectivement 1 et 1', 1' et 1", 1" et 1'''.The figure 4 shows a wall wall 17 formed by the superposition of two levels of building blocks, each building block 1inf of a lower level being overlapped by two upper building blocks respectively 1 and 1 ', 1' and 1 ", 1" and 1 '''.

Ainsi, le bloc de construction inférieur 1inf le plus à gauche de la figure 4 est recouvert pour sa première moitié longitudinale la plus à droite par le bloc de construction supérieur 1, son autre moitié longitudinale étant recouverte par le bloc de construction supérieur 1' adjacent au bloc de construction supérieur 1 précédemment cité.Thus, the lower leftmost 1inf building block of the figure 4 is covered for its rightmost first longitudinal half by the upper building block 1, its other longitudinal half being covered by the upper building block 1 'adjacent to the aforementioned upper building block 1.

Les trois autres blocs de construction inférieurs 1 inf sont recouverts par moitié de la même manière par deux blocs longitudinaux, respectivement 1' et 1", 1" et 1'''. Le bloc de construction inférieur 1inf le plus à droite de la figure 6 est par exemple recouvert pour sa première moitié longitudinale la plus à gauche par le bloc de construction supérieur 1'''.The other three lower building blocks 1 inf are covered by half in the same way by two longitudinal blocks, respectively 1 'and 1 ", 1" and 1 "". The right-most lower 1inf building block of the figure 6 is for example covered for its leftmost first longitudinal half by the upper building block 1 '''.

Chaque bloc de construction inférieur 1inf présente deux groupes de deux alvéoles 2inf, soit quatre alvéoles tandis que chaque bloc de construction supérieur 1, 1', 1", 1''' est muni de quatre crans 5, lesdits crans 5 pénétrant respectivement dans une alvéole 2inf associée portée par un bloc de construction inférieur 1inf. Deux crans 5 d'un bloc de construction supérieur 1, 1', 1", 1''' pénètrent dans un bloc de construction inférieur 1inf tandis que les deux autres crans 5 dudit bloc de construction supérieur 1, 1', 1", 1''' pénètrent dans le bloc de construction inférieur directement adjacent au bloc de construction inférieur 1inf précité.Each lower building block 1inf has two groups of two cells 2inf, i.e. four cells while each upper building block 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1' '' is provided with four notches 5, said notches 5 respectively penetrating into a associated 2inf cell carried by a lower building block 1inf. Two notches 5 of an upper building block 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1' '' penetrate into a lower building block 1inf while the other two notches 5 of said upper building block 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1' '' enter the lower building block directly adjacent to the aforementioned lower building block 1inf.

Il est possible qu'un même niveau de blocs de construction ne soit pas aligné mais forme un front non rectiligne, par exemple une courbe de front convexe ou concave, leurs faces avant ou respectivement arrière étant alors maintenues espacées les unes des autres.It is possible that the same level of building blocks is not aligned but forms a non-rectilinear front, for example a convex or concave front curve, their front or respectively rear faces then being kept spaced from each other.

L'exemple de la figure 4 montre qu'une face de l'assemblage est formée par la combinaison des faces avant des blocs et que la face opposée est formée par la combinaison des faces arrière des blocs. Chacune de ces deux faces d'assemblages peut former la façade de l'ouvrage c'est-à-dire à surface exposée à l'extérieur, l'autre face étant orientée du coté du talus.The example of figure 4 shows that one face of the assembly is formed by the combination of the front faces of the blocks and that the opposite face is formed by the combination of the rear faces of the blocks. Each of these two assembly faces can form the facade of the structure, that is to say with a surface exposed to the outside, the other face being oriented towards the side of the slope.

Il est aussi possible que la superposition de blocs de construction d'un niveau supérieur avec des blocs de construction d'un niveau inférieur se fasse avec une inclinaison par rapport à l'horizontal, cette inclinaison pouvant changer selon la hauteur des niveaux dans la paroi murale. Les divers niveaux peuvent être en outre décalés vers l'arrière de la paroi murale 17, plus la hauteur de ladite paroi augmente mais le contraire est aussi possible. Ceci est particulièrement avantageux quand il convient que la paroi murale suive un talus ou une paroi à consolider. C'est le cas de l'illustration donnée en figure 5 en vue de dessus.It is also possible that the superposition of building blocks of a higher level with building blocks of a lower level is done with an inclination with respect to the horizontal, this inclination being able to change according to the height of the levels in the wall. mural. The various levels can also be shifted towards the rear of the wall wall 17, the more the height of said wall increases but the opposite is also possible. This is particularly advantageous when it is appropriate for the wall wall to follow a slope or a wall to be consolidated. This is the case of the illustration given in figure 5 in top view.

Il est aussi possible que la paroi murale présente une inclinaison par rapport à la verticale, cette inclinaison pouvant être par exemple de 15°. Dans ce cas, les décalages dans un plan horizontal des rangées de blocs fournissent, au niveau des évidements 7, des emplacements pour végétaliser l'empilement de bloc. Cette configuration peut aussi servir de merlon de protection phonique.It is also possible for the wall wall to have an inclination relative to the vertical, this inclination possibly being, for example, 15 °. In this case, the offsets in a horizontal plane of the rows of blocks provide, at the level of the recesses 7, locations for vegetating the stack of blocks. This configuration can also serve as a sound barrier.

La figure 11 présente une variante du bloc de la figure 1 dans lequel les crans 5 des poutres 11 sont les seuls éléments saillant sur la face du bloc. Les crans avant 15 et arrière 14 sont absents dans ce cas, ce qui peut augmenter les possibilités de combiner les blocs en superposition.Figure 11 shows a variant of the block of the figure 1 in which the notches 5 of the beams 11 are the only elements projecting from the face of the block. Front notches 15 and rear 14 are absent in this case, which can increase the possibilities of combining the blocks in superposition.

Les figures 12 à 16 en montrent des exemples. En figure 12, une paroi murale 17 est formée avec une rangée de blocs dont la face avant est dirigée suivant une première direction et avec une deuxième rangée, superposée, avec une face avant de de sens opposé. Cette alternance de sens peut être poursuivie sur d'autres rangées. La configuration de la figure 14 est proche mais les rangées inférieure et supérieure ont un placement longitudinal relatif différent les crans 5 et les alvéoles coopérant différemment. Le résultat est visible en perspective en figure 13.Figures 12 to 16 show examples. In FIG. 12, a wall wall 17 is formed with a row of blocks whose front face is directed in a first direction and with a second row, superimposed, with a front face of in the opposite direction. This alternation of direction can be continued in other rows. The configuration of Figure 14 is close but the lower and upper rows have a different relative longitudinal placement the notches 5 and the cells cooperating differently. The result is visible in perspective in figure 13.

Une autre variante alterne les sens des blocs dans une même rangée ainsi que le montre la figure 15. C'est ici le cas pour toutes les rangées. Cette disposition permet une meilleure isolation phonique, les reliefs en façade étant nombreux et de formes variées pour piéger les sons. La coopération des crans et des alvéoles dans ce cas est illustrée en figure 16. Dans tous les cas, il est aussi possible de décaler longitudinalement les rangées de sorte à produire un fruit.Another variant alternates the directions of the blocks in the same row as shown in FIG. 15. This is the case here for all the rows. This arrangement allows better sound insulation, the reliefs on the facade being numerous and of various shapes to trap sounds. The cooperation of the notches and the cells in this case is illustrated in FIG. 16. In all cases, it is also possible to shift the rows longitudinally so as to produce a fruit.

REFERENCESREFERENCES

1.1.
Bloc de constructionBuilding block
1a-1d.1a-1d.
Blocs de construction de différents niveauxBuilding blocks of different levels
1'-1''''.1'-1 '' ''.
Blocs de construction adjacentsAdjacent building blocks
1inf.1inf.
Bloc de construction inférieurLower building block
2.2.
AlvéoleAlveolus
2a-2d.2a-2d.
AlvéoleAlveolus
2inf.2inf.
AlvéoleAlveolus
3.3.
Paroi longitudinaleLongitudinal wall
4.4.
Paroi transversaleTransverse wall
5.5.
CranNotch
5 inf.5 inf.
CranNotch
6.6.
Paroi longitudinale interneInternal longitudinal wall
7.7.
Alvéole centraleCentral cell
8.8.
Face avantFront face
9.9.
CôtéSide
9a.9a.
Partie arrondieRounded part
10.10.
Face arrièreBack side
11.11.
PoutreBeam
12.12.
Paroi transversale communeCommon transverse wall
13.13.
Poutre arrièreRear beam
14.14.
Cran arrièreRear notch
15.15.
Cran avantFront notch
16.16.
GéogrilleGeogrid
16a.16a.
MailleMesh
17.17.
Paroi muraleWall wall

Claims (13)

  1. A building block (1) intended to be superimposed on at least one similar building block (1inf), said block (1) including an upper face, a lower face, a front face (8), a rear face (10) and longitudinal faces as well as a plurality of cells (2, 7), each cell (2, 7) crossing the block (1) from its lower face to its upper face and being delimited by longitudinal (3, 6) and transverse (4, 12) solid walls whose intersections form cell corners, said building block (1) including at least one notch (5) protruding beyond the lower face and configured to allow a securing with the similar building block (1inf),
    characterised in that the block includes beams (11), and in that the plurality of cells includes:
    - a first group of two cells (2) on either side of an inner longitudinal wall (6), each cell (2) of the first group including a beam (11), the beams (11) being symmetrical relative to the inner longitudinal wall (6);
    - immediately behind its front face (8), a central cell (7) crossing said block (1) and including two beams (11) on corner areas of the cell located in the proximity of opposite longitudinal faces,
    said block wherein:
    - each beam (11) is located at least at one cell corner area, each beam (11) crossing the block (1) from its lower face to its upper face and extending, in a first direction of its cross section, on a part of a longitudinal wall (3, 6), and, in a second direction of its cross section on a part of a transverse wall (4, 12), the beam (11) protruding inside the cell in the continuity of the longitudinal wall (3, 6) and of the transverse wall (4, 12) corresponding thereto, the at least one notch (5) being formed by one end of the beam (11);
    - the beams (11) of the first group of two cells cooperate with a transverse wall (4, 12) oriented opposite to that with which the beams (11) of the central cell (7) cooperate.
  2. The building block (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the beams (11) of the cells (2) of the first group are located on the corner areas of the cell located in the proximity of opposite longitudinal faces.
  3. The building block (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the two beams (11) of the central cell (7) extend over a transverse wall (4) located behind the central cell (7) relative to the front face (8), and the two beams of the cells (2) of the first group extend over a transverse wall (12) located at the front of the cells (2) of the first group relative to the front face (8).
  4. The building block (1) according to the preceding claim, including a second group of two cells (2) on either side of the inner longitudinal wall (6) and between the central cell (7) and the first group.
  5. The building block (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the second group does not include a beam.
  6. The building block (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the longitudinal walls (3) are thicker than the transverse walls (4).
  7. The building block (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the rear face (10) includes at least one rear beam (13) with one end protruding beyond the lower face forming a rear notch (14).
  8. The building block (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the front face (8) includes a front notch (15) protruding on its edge located on the lower face.
  9. The building block (1) according to the two preceding claims in combination, wherein the protrusion heights of the notches (5), of the at least one rear notch (14) and of the front notch (15) are identical.
  10. A headwall (17), characterised in that it comprises at least two building blocks (1, 1inf) according to any one of the preceding claims, an upper building block (1) being superimposed on at least one similar lower building block (1inf), at least one notch (5) of the respectively upper or lower block (1) producing a support in a cell (2inf) of the respectively lower (1inf) or upper block.
  11. The headwall (17) according to the preceding claim, which incorporates, between two superimposed building blocks (1), a geogrid (16) having meshes (16a), each notch (5) of the upper or lower building block (1) being shaped to penetrate into one of the meshes (16a) of said grid (16).
  12. The headwall (17) according to one of the two preceding claims, which comprises at least two adjacent lower blocks (1inf), at least one common upper block (1, 1' to 1'''') at least partially covering the two adjacent lower blocks (1inf).
  13. The headwall (17) according to one of the three preceding claims, wherein the building block (1) includes a front notch (15) projecting on the edge of its front face (8) located on the lower face, the open notch (15) being configured to be applied, by its sides on the wall of the front face of the lower building block (1).
EP14742189.5A 2013-07-18 2014-07-16 Construction block and wall made up of at least two such superimposed blocks Active EP3022362B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1357050A FR3008722B1 (en) 2013-07-18 2013-07-18 CONSTRUCTION BLOCK AND WALL WALL COMPRISING AT LEAST TWO SUCH BLOCKS
PCT/EP2014/065300 WO2015007796A2 (en) 2013-07-18 2014-07-16 Construction block and wall made up of at least two such superimposed blocks

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EP3022362A2 EP3022362A2 (en) 2016-05-25
EP3022362B1 true EP3022362B1 (en) 2020-10-14

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US (1) US20160160468A1 (en)
EP (1) EP3022362B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2918360A1 (en)
FR (1) FR3008722B1 (en)
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SG (1) SG11201600314YA (en)
TN (1) TN2016000016A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2015007796A2 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9856622B2 (en) 2016-03-30 2018-01-02 Robert Gordon McIntosh Retaining wall system, method of supporting same, and kit for use in constructing same
WO2019099609A1 (en) * 2017-11-17 2019-05-23 Genest Christopher Masonry block system
USD860478S1 (en) * 2018-07-24 2019-09-17 Rossi Dominique Construction block
CA183952S (en) 2018-10-05 2019-08-12 Rocky Mountain Stone Works Ltd Block for a retaining wall
US11384539B2 (en) * 2020-01-09 2022-07-12 Christopher R. Genest Masonry block system

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3344974A1 (en) * 1983-12-13 1985-06-20 Kronimus & Sohn Betonsteinwerk und Baugeschäft GmbH & Co KG, 7551 Iffezheim BOOTHING STONE AND METHOD FOR BUILDING UP A HANGING FASTENING THEREFORE
FR2700789B1 (en) * 1993-01-22 1995-03-24 Rossi Jean L Retaining wall made up of dry-mounted construction elements.
AT786U1 (en) * 1995-06-06 1996-05-28 Katzenberger Beton Fertigteil BUILDING BLOCK, IN PARTICULAR, FOR THE PROPERTY WALL
WO2009058316A1 (en) * 2007-10-31 2009-05-07 Shaw Technologies, Inc. Securable retaining wall block and system
FR2941715A1 (en) * 2009-02-02 2010-08-06 Dominique Rossi BUILDING ELEMENT AND SUPPORT WALL MADE WITH SUCH ELEMENTS.
US8464481B2 (en) * 2009-04-21 2013-06-18 E. Dillon & Company Segmental retaining wall corner block

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CA2918360A1 (en) 2015-01-22
WO2015007796A2 (en) 2015-01-22
SG11201600314YA (en) 2016-02-26
TN2016000016A1 (en) 2017-07-05
FR3008722B1 (en) 2017-11-17
US20160160468A1 (en) 2016-06-09
FR3008722A1 (en) 2015-01-23
EP3022362A2 (en) 2016-05-25
WO2015007796A3 (en) 2015-05-07
MY187065A (en) 2021-08-28

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