FR2979649A1 - Construction block e.g. key block, for constructing wall of building, has longitudinal and side alignment units allowing relative positioning of block with another block during assembly, where units are determined by positioning of spacers - Google Patents

Abstract

The block e.g. plane block (10), has solid parallelepiped spacers (12a, 12b) connecting vertical walls and placed with each other to determine a longitudinal through opening whose size is adapted to allow passage of poured concrete. Longitudinal alignment units formed of horizontal projection and recess and side alignment units formed of vertical projection and recess allow a relative positioning of the block, along longitudinal and side direction, with another block e.g. angle block (30), during an assembly. The units are determined by positioning of the spacers relative to the walls. An independent claim is also included for a construction assembly.

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and more particularly to the field of the realization of concrete walls of buildings or buildings. The invention more particularly relates to the production of various self-assembling building blocks whose assembly allows to produce easily and quickly a high thermal insulation construction. Wall structures formed by assembling a plurality of adjacent building blocks are well known in the art. At present, the construction of insulated concrete walls is generally carried out by means of expanded polystyrene formwork blocks having undergone fireproofing treatment, these blocks comprising two vertical walls interconnected by spacers. After mounting a set of similar blocks on a floor height, the interior volume between said blocks is filled with concrete, in the usual manner. The current building blocks have drawbacks both in terms of assembly difficulty and in terms of insulation. The present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of existing building block solutions, including those described above, by proposing a new building block used in the construction of a building.

For this purpose, the invention proposes a building block, called a planar block, intended for the construction of a building and characterized by the fact that it comprises: two so-called longitudinal walls, two so-called longitudinal spacers interconnecting each other the two longitudinal walls, said two spacers being arranged relative to each other so as to determine a longitudinal through opening of dimensions adapted to allow the passage of a cast concrete, - longitudinal alignment means and means of lateral alignment, intended to allow relative positioning, in a longitudinal and lateral direction, with at least one other building block, similar or not, during an assembly, said longitudinal and lateral alignment means being determined by the positioning the spacers relative to the longitudinal walls. By longitudinal wall is meant a wall having a length dimension much greater than a dimension in width or thickness. Preferably, the block is intended to be placed vertically with respect to the ground, with the longitudinal walls in the direction of the height. By means of longitudinal alignment means means which are intended to allow relative positioning of the two adjacent blocks, in a longitudinal direction, that is to say in the extension of one another. When the block is intended to be placed with the longitudinal walls vertical to the ground, the longitudinal alignment means allow to assemble the two blocks in the extension of one another, in height. By means of lateral alignment means means which are intended to allow relative positioning of the two adjoining blocks, in a lateral direction. When the block is intended to be placed with the longitudinal walls vertical to the ground, the longitudinal alignment means allow to assemble the two blocks in a horizontal direction.

The longitudinal and lateral alignment means are advantageously made by the relative positioning of the spacers relative to the longitudinal walls. Thus, it is not necessary to produce, at the ends of the longitudinal walls, hooking means having specific shapes for later assembling building blocks.

These building blocks are thus simple to implement. Such a building block advantageously allows, via the spacers, to continuously reinforce the longitudinal walls along the entire length of these walls, thus preventing any risk of deformation thereof under the effect of the pressure of the concrete during filling.

This building block also allows, via the lateral and longitudinal alignment means, to rapidly achieve a construction of a wall by means of other building blocks, by simple sliding or fitting fitting.

The invention may furthermore be implemented according to the advantageous embodiments set out below, which may be considered individually or in any technically operative combination. The building block is preferably made of an expanded material, for example polystyrene or polyurethane, which gives the block insulation and lightness properties compared to blocks of wood or cinderblock. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the longitudinal alignment means form, at a first longitudinal end of each longitudinal wall, a male element, and at an opposite longitudinal end of each wall. longitudinal, a female element of complementary shapes. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the lateral alignment means form, at a first lateral edge of each longitudinal wall, a male element, and at a second opposite lateral edge of each wall. longitudinal, a female element of complementary shapes. In one embodiment of a planar block, at least one spacer has, at an outer side edge, a longitudinal recess, such that when a building block is assembled with another building block , the recess forms an opening of dimensions adapted to allow the passage of a poured concrete. Thus, the formation of an additional passage makes it possible to introduce concrete directly between the contiguous blocks. The concrete thus spilled in the passages formed between the outer struts of the adjacent blocks constitutes a barrier against a possible propagation of moisture in or in the opposite direction. This significantly improves the thermal insulation obtained with the construction made with these elements. The present invention also aims at a set of building blocks for making a building and having a number of different building blocks reduced. Furthermore, the blocks must fit together perfectly without any risk of separation or leakage during the pouring of concrete between these blocks.

The invention thus proposes a building assembly comprising at least one plane block previously described according to at least one of its characteristics and at least one block of construction known as an angle block comprising four so-called longitudinal walls, a longitudinal through opening of dimensions adapted to allow the passage of a cast concrete and lateral alignment means arranged to be in correspondence and cooperating with the lateral alignment means of at least one planar block. The invention may furthermore be implemented according to the advantageous embodiments set out below, which may be considered individually or in any technically operative combination. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the building assembly comprises at least one building block comprising means for connecting the through openings of at least two adjoining blocks, right block and / or corner block, and able to receive and contain poured concrete. In a particular embodiment of connection means, a connecting means is a block of construction called block chaining which comprises: two side walls said interconnected by spacers, lateral alignment means arranged to be in correspondence and cooperating with the lateral alignment means of a corner block and or lateral alignment means of an adjoining block chaining, - longitudinal alignment means arranged so as to be in correspondence and cooperating with the longitudinal alignment means of at least one plane block, said spacers being arranged relative to each other so as to determine through openings facing the through openings of the at least one plane block and of suitable dimensions to allow the passage of a poured concrete. In a particular embodiment of connecting means, a connecting means is a block of construction called block soles having two side walls vis-à-vis, and wherein a connecting member comprises means for holding the side walls of the block soles together and second connecting means of the block soles to a plane block. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the building assembly comprises a closure block comprising a longitudinal wall comprising a male element of complementary shape to a female element of a flat block and intended to close off said female element when of the assembly of a plane block with the block of shutter. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the building assembly comprises a closure block comprising a longitudinal wall comprising a female element of complementary shape to a male element of a flat block and intended to close said male element when of the assembly of a plane block with the block of shutter. The invention will now be more specifically described in the context of preferred embodiments, which are in no way limiting, shown in Figures 1 to 14, in which: Figures 1a and 1b illustrate a perspective view and a view from above of a building block, said planar block, intended for the construction of a building, FIG. 1c illustrates a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the planar block, FIGS. 2a and 2b illustrate a view in perspective and a top view of another variant embodiment of the block plane, said key block, Figure 3 illustrates a perspective view of a building block, said corner block, Figures 4a and 4b illustrate a view in perspective and a bottom view in perspective of a building block, said block chaining, Figure 5 illustrates a perspective view of a building block, said block soles, Figures 6a to 6e illustrate a perspective view of different accessories With reference to the building blocks of Figs. 1a to 1b for the construction of the building, Figs. 7a and 7b illustrate a perspective view of two embodiments of a closure block, Fig. 8 shows a perspective view. of a step of assembling a first row of building blocks, said block blocks, FIG. 9 represents a perspective view of a step of assembling a row of building blocks called planar blocks and blocks of blocks. 10 shows a front perspective view illustrating a step of assembling a building block said block chaining on planar blocks to form a first level or a crawl space, Figure 11 shows a perspective view of FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a step of assembling a planar block on a corner block to form a second level, the fig Figure 13 shows a perspective view of a building block assembly step to form the second level, Figure 14 is a perspective view of the concrete beam / post frame by virtually removing the building blocks from the building block. second level, Figure 15 shows a front view of a step of assembling a gable of the building, Figure 16 shows a perspective view of a wall of a building having a window. Figures 1-5 and 7 illustrate six building blocks for constructing a building, more particularly a house. a) building block said plan block The first building block, shown in Figures 1a and 1b, is said plan block 10. It is intended for the realization of the walls of the house. The planar block 10 comprises two longitudinal walls, preferably substantially parallel, so-called vertical walls. 1. Indeed, during the construction of the building, this planar block will be placed vertically with respect to the ground, with the largest dimension , ie its length, in the direction of the height. A wall is intended to be positioned on the inside of the house and the second wall is intended to be positioned on the outside of the house.

Each vertical wall has, for example but not limited to the invention, a length or height of 2500mm, height which is preferably substantially equivalent to a height of a level of a house, a width of 500 mm and a 70 mm thick. The thickness of the vertical wall is defined according to the thermal insulation necessary for the house, depending among other things on the geographical position of the house. Of course, the blocks are cut to the desired dimensions, in its height. The plane block 10 further comprises, formed between internal faces of the two vertical walls facing each other, two vertical longitudinal parts 12a, 12b connecting the two vertical walls 11 between them and forming spacers. In the case of Figure 1a, each spacer 12a, 12b is a full parallelepiped of non-limiting square section of the invention. The two spacers 12a, 12b are arranged relative to each other so as to determine a vertically through aperture 13 and of suitable dimensions, in section, to allow the passage of a cast concrete. The spacers 12a, 12b define a distance between the two walls of substantially 140 mm, which distance determines the thickness of the concrete wall to be built from this block. For example, a distance of 140 mm between the two walls allows the realization of a concrete wall of 140 mm, for a flat block of total thickness of 280 mm. In the example illustrated in Figure 1b, the opening 13 through has a section of 180 * 140 mm. Each spacer 12a, 12b has a longitudinal dimension, called height, substantially identical to that of the vertical walls 11 but has an offset in height with respect to said vertical walls so, on the one hand, to form a horizontal projection relative to a first longitudinal end 111 of the vertical walls 11 facing each other, and secondly, to form a recess horizontal with respect to an opposite second longitudinal end 112 of said vertical walls facing. In a preferred embodiment, each spacer 12a, 12b protrudes at the same longitudinal end 111 of the vertical walls.

The horizontal projection of the spacers relative to the vertical walls 11, at the first longitudinal ends 111, forms a male longitudinal alignment means 151. The horizontal recess of the spacers relative to the vertical walls 11, at the second longitudinal ends 112, forms a female longitudinal alignment means 152. These two longitudinal alignment means 151, 152 are intended to allow relative positioning, in height, of the planar block on or under at least one other block of similar construction or not, during a assembly, as will be described later.

The horizontal projection 151 and horizontal recess 152 at the longitudinal ends 111, 112 have complementary shapes and positions, so that when the planar block is assembled for example at its first longitudinal end 111 with a second plane block, the horizontal projection 151 of the planar block fits into the horizontal recess 152 of the second planar block. Such a configuration allows an assembly by interlocking blocks on the wall height to achieve. Thus a longitudinal alignment, that is vertical, of successive blocks is ensured. In an exemplary embodiment, the horizontal projection 151 and the horizontal recess 152 have a height offset of 30 mm with respect to the longitudinal ends 111, 112 of the vertical walls 11. The height offset must be sufficient to allow interlocking. another block on the chaining block and their assembled hold, as will be explained later. In addition, a first spacer 12a has a lateral offset with respect to the vertical walls 11 so as to form a vertical projection relative to a first lateral edge 113 of the vertical walls 11 facing each other. The second spacer 12b has an offset relative to the vertical walls so as to form a vertical recess relative to a second opposite side edge 114 of said vertical walls facing. The vertical projection of the first spacer 12a relative to the vertical walls 11, at the first lateral edge 113, forms a male lateral alignment means 161. The vertical recess of the second spacer 12a relative to the vertical walls 11, at the second level lateral edge 114, forms a female lateral alignment means 162. These two lateral alignment means 161, 162 are intended to allow a relative positioning, in the horizontal direction, of the planar block with at least one other similar building block or no, during an assembly, as will be described later. The vertical projections 161 and vertical recess 162 at the lateral edges 113, 114 have complementary shapes and positions, so that when the planar block 10 is assembled for example at its first lateral edge 113 with a second planar block, the vertical projection of the block fits into the vertical recess of the other planar block. Such a configuration allows an assembly by interlocking blocks on the wall width to achieve. Thus a lateral alignment, that is to say horizontally, of successive blocks is ensured. In an exemplary embodiment, the vertical projection 161 and the vertical recess 162 have an offset of 30 mm relative to the lateral edges 113, 114 of the vertical walls 11. The height offset must be sufficient to allow interlocking of another block on the chaining block and their assembled hold, as will be explained later. Preferably, the offset is substantially identical to the offset of the horizontal projection 151 and horizontal recess 152. In an alternative embodiment of the planar block shown in Figure 1c, to strengthen the planar block mainly during its handling, the plane block 10 comprises, formed between internal faces of the two vertical walls facing each other, three vertical longitudinal parts 12a, 12b, 12c connecting the two vertical walls 11 between them and forming spacers. The three spacers (two lateral spacers 12a, 12b and a central spacer 12c) are arranged with respect to each other so as to determine two vertically traversing apertures 13 of suitable dimensions, in section, for allow the passage of a poured concrete. The spacers 12a, 12b define, as for the planar block, a distance between the two walls of substantially 140 mm, which distance determines the thickness of the concrete wall to be built from this block. In the example illustrated in FIG. 1c, the through openings 13 have a section of 180 * 140 mm. The two lateral spacers 12a, 12b comprise, like the spacers of FIG. 1a, the male and female longitudinal alignment means and the male and female lateral alignment means. The central spacer 12c has male and female lateral alignment means. The central spacer 12c has a longitudinal dimension, called height, substantially identical to that of the vertical walls 11 but has a height offset with respect to said vertical walls so, on the one hand, to form a horizontal projection relative to the first longitudinal end 111 of the vertical walls 11 facing each other, and secondly, to form a recess horizontal with respect to the opposite second longitudinal end 112 of said vertical walls facing each other. The horizontal projection of the central spacer relative to the vertical walls 11, at the first longitudinal ends 111, forms a male longitudinal alignment means. The horizontal recess of the spacers relative to the vertical walls 11, at the second longitudinal ends 112, forms a female longitudinal alignment means. In one embodiment, the central spacer 12c has an aperture (not shown) vertically traversing and of suitable dimensions, in section, to allow the passage of a cast concrete. This variant of the planar block is particularly used when the planar block has a large width, for example at least of the order of 1000 mm, the absence of the central spacer can weaken the vertical walls during the manipulation of the planar block. b) Key block The second building block, illustrated in FIGS. 2a and 2b, is a particular embodiment of the planar block 10 and is called key block. It is identical in design to that of the planar block, in at least one of its variants, with the difference that it includes a modification at the spacers 12a, 12b. The first spacer 12a, located on the side of the first lateral edge 113 of the vertical walls 11, comprises, at an outer side edge 121a located on the side of the first side edge 113, a vertical recess 122a. The second spacer 12b, located on the side of the second lateral edge 114 of the vertical walls 11, comprises, at an outer side edge 121b located on the side of the second lateral edge 114, a vertical recess 122b. Preferably, each recess 122a, 122b is centered on the associated outer side edge. The recesses 122a, 122b of the same key block have a positioning at the external lateral edge, so that when the planar block is assembled for example at its first lateral edge with a second plane block, the recess d a spacer of the block is opposite the obviously of the spacer of the second block, so that the two recesses form an opening of dimensions adapted to allow the passage of cast concrete. The key block 10 is described here without limitation with a recess on the spacers 12a, 12b.

It is also conceivable, although not illustrated in the figures and without departing from the scope of the invention, to make a key block with a single recess at a single spacer 12a or 12b, provided that when the key block is assembled with a block having recess facing, such as a plane block, the recess forms an opening of dimensions adapted to allow, in section, the passage of the cast concrete. c) Corner block The third building block, shown in Figure 3, is called corner block 30. It is intended for the realization of the corners of the house.

The corner block 30 is a hollow parallelepiped, of square section, comprising four vertical longitudinal walls 31. In fact, during the construction of the building, this corner block will be placed vertically with respect to the ground, with the dimension the largest, ie its length, in the direction of the height. An angle block has, for example but not limited to the invention, a length or height of 2780 mm and a width or thickness of 280 mm. Of course, the blocks are cut to the desired dimensions, in length. Two adjacent vertical walls are intended to be positioned on the outside of the house. The other two walls are intended to be positioned each vis-à-vis a side edge of a plane block or a key block.

The four vertical walls 31 delimit further a vertical aperture 33 of dimensions adapted to allow the passage of cast concrete. In the example illustrated in FIG. 3, the through opening 33 has a section of 140 * 16 mm, and the vertical walls 31 have a thickness substantially identical to the thickness of the vertical walls of the planar blocks or wedge blocks, ie 70 mm. A first vertical wall 31a preferably comprises, along its entire length, a male element 311a forming a male lateral alignment means, for example in the form of a tenon.

A second vertical wall 31b, adjacent to said first vertical wall, preferably comprises, over its entire length, a female element 311b forming female lateral alignment means, for example in the form of a mortise. These two lateral alignment means are intended to allow relative positioning, in a horizontal direction, of an angle block with at least one plane block or keys, during an assembly, as will be described later. The male elements 311a and female 311b at the vertical walls 31a, 31b have complementary shapes and positions to the lateral alignment means 162 of a planar block or keys, so that when the corner block 30 is assembled by For example, at its longitudinal wall 31a with a planar block 10, the male element 311a of the corner block fits into the vertical recess 162 of the planar block 10. Such a configuration allows the blocks to be pushed together against each other. others, horizontally on the wall width to achieve. Thus a lateral alignment, that is to say horizontal, of successive successive blocks is ensured. Unlike the planar blocks and keys, the angle block 30 does not include longitudinal alignment means, tenon or mortise type, at longitudinal ends 32. Thus, the corner block 30 is reversible and usable for the different angles of the building. Only one type of corner block is sufficient for the different angles of the house. Preferably, but in a nonlimiting manner, the corner block 30 is made integrally. d) horizontal chaining block The fourth building block, illustrated in FIGS. 4a and 4b, is called chaining block 40. It is intended for carrying out the peripheral chaining of the house.

The block chaining has a U-shaped and has two longitudinal walls, preferably substantially parallel, said horizontal walls 41. It is intended to be placed above planar blocks or key blocks. Indeed, during the construction of the building, this block chaining will be placed horizontally with respect to the ground, with the largest dimension, that is to say its length, in the horizontal direction. Each horizontal wall has a length that is substantially equivalent to a multiple of the width of a plane block or keys, a width or height of 280 mm, which is substantially equivalent to the difference in height between the height of a block of angle and height of a planar block or key block, and a thickness of 280 mm which is substantially equivalent to the thickness of a vertical wall of a planar block or a key block. In the case illustrated in Figure 9 and in a non-limiting manner of the invention, the block chaining has a length equivalent to the width of two planar blocks, preferably with the embodiment each having two spacers. It is also conceivable that the block chaining has a length equivalent to the width of a plane block (with the embodiment each having three spacers), of three or more planar blocks.

The block chaining further comprises at a lower longitudinal edge 412, formed between the inner faces of the two side walls, parts connecting the two longitudinal walls between them and forming spacers 42. In the case illustrated in Figures 4a and 9, the chaining block comprises three spacer pieces 42a, 42b, 42c. The three spacers are arranged relative to each other so as to determine two apertures 43 through and of suitable dimensions, in section, to allow the passage of a cast concrete. The spacers are arranged such that the openings 43 correspond to: - when the chaining block 40 is positioned on two adjacent flat blocks, each at an opening of a plane block, - when the chaining block 40 is positioned on a plane block, each at an opening of the planar block, In a particular embodiment, shown in Figure 9, when the block chaining 40 is intended to be positioned on two adjacent key blocks 10, said central spacer 42c has a central recess 421c disposed so that it corresponds to the recess formed by the assembly of two key blocks 10. In addition, the so-called lateral spacers 42a, 42b each comprise, at an external lateral edge, a recess 421a, 421b disposed of so that it corresponds to the recess formed by the recess formed in a spacer of a key block 10. The three spacers also have a vertical offset from the edge lower 412 horizontal walls 41 so as to form a horizontal recess 452.

The horizontal recess 452 formed by the spacers relative to the lower edge 412 of the horizontal walls 41, forms a female longitudinal alignment means. This female longitudinal alignment means 452 is intended to allow relative positioning, in height, of the block chaining with the male longitudinal alignment means 151 of at least one planar block 10, during an assembly, as will be explained later. In addition, the outer spacer 42a has a lateral offset from a first lateral end 413 of the horizontal walls 41 so as to protrude 461 from said first lateral end. The outer spacer 42b has a lateral offset from an opposing second lateral end 414 of the horizontal walls 41 so as to form a recess 462 with respect to said second lateral end. The projection of the first spacer 42a relative to the first lateral end 413 of the horizontal walls 41 of the chaining block, forms a male lateral alignment means 461. The recess of the second spacer 12a relative to the second lateral end 414 of the horizontal walls 41 of the block chaining, forms a female lateral alignment means 462. These two lateral alignment means are intended to allow a relative positioning, in the horizontal direction, chaining block with at least one other chaining block or a corner block , during an assembly, as will be described later. The projections 461 and recess 462 at the lateral ends 413, 414 have complementary shapes and positions, so that when the chained block is assembled for example at its first lateral end 413 with a second block chained, the projection 461 the block chaining fits into the recess 462 of the second block chaining. When the chained block is assembled for example at its second lateral end 414 with a second block chaining, the recess 462 of the block chaining fits into the projection 461 of the second block chaining Such a configuration allows a fitting by interlocking block chaining on the wall width to achieve. Thus a lateral alignment, that is to say horizontally, successive chaining blocks is ensured. In an exemplary embodiment, the projection and the recess have an offset of 30 mm with respect to the lateral ends of the horizontal walls, substantially identical to the offset offset of the longitudinal alignment means of the planar blocks or key blocks. e) Block insoles The fifth building block, shown in Figure 5, is said soles block 50. It is intended for the realization of the soles of the foundations of the house. The soles block 50 comprises two longitudinal pieces, said horizontal non-planar walls 51. They are not integral with each other, that is to say that they are not interconnected by any spacer or other elements.

Each horizontal wall has, for example but not limited to the invention, a length of 1 m a thickness of 70 mm, substantially identical to the thickness of the vertical walls of the planar blocks or keys. The example of length to 1 m is a non-limiting example, the length can be lower or higher. The length of each horizontal wall is defined so as to allow its handling during handling. During assembly, the horizontal walls 51 are positioned relative to one another so that: the horizontal walls 51 each have an internal face 518 having a shape such that the space defined between said faces internal walls of horizontal walls 51 facing and intended to receive cast concrete, has the form of an inverted T, - at so-called longitudinal edges 511 upper, the inner faces 518 of the horizontal walls 51 vis-à-vis -vis are 140 mm apart, ie the thickness of the wall that is to be made, - at a lower longitudinal edge 512, the inner faces 518 of the horizontal walls 51 facing each other are distant from 280 mm. c) Closing block The sixth building block, illustrated in FIGS. 7a and 7b, is called shutter block 20. It is intended for closing the projections and recesses of the flat blocks, wedges, corner pieces and chaining, for the realization for example peripheral outlines of windows.

The shutter block 20 has a longitudinal wall 21. During the construction of the building, this block shutter will be placed: - either vertically to the ground, with the largest dimension, ie its length, in the direction of the height, - horizontally with respect to the ground, with the largest dimension, ie its length, in the direction perpendicular to the height. A blocking block 20 has, for example but without limitation of the invention, a length substantially equal to the length of a plane block, ie 2780 mm, a width substantially equal to the thickness of a planar block or 280 mm and a thickness substantially equal to the thickness of a longitudinal wall of a flat block, or 70 mm. Of course, the shutter blocks are cut to the desired dimensions, in length.

Preferably, the longitudinal wall 21 is intended to be positioned vis-à-vis all or part of a longitudinal end or a lateral edge of a plane block or a key block, vis-à-vis screw of a vertical wall comprising a male or female alignment means of a corner block, or vis-à-vis a lower edge of a chaining block.

In a first embodiment of the shutter block (FIG. 7a), the wall 21 preferably comprises, along its entire length, a male element 211, for example in the form of a tenon. This male element is intended to allow blocking of the projections of the planar, key and angle blocks, during an assembly with one of these blocks, as illustrated in FIG. 16. In a second embodiment of the blocking block (Figure 7b), the wall 21 has, preferably over its entire length, a female element 212, for example in the form of a mortise. This female element is intended to allow closure of the recesses of the planar blocks, wedge, angle and chaining, during an assembly with one of these blocks, as shown in Figure 16. The male element 211 (respectively element female 212) has a complementary shape and position: - at the vertical projection 161 (respectively vertical recess 162) or at the horizontal projection 151 (horizontal recess 152) of a plane block or keys, and / or - at the element female 311 b (respectively male element 311a) of an angle block 30. The female element 212 also has a shape and position complementary to the horizontal recess 452 of the block chaining. In an exemplary embodiment of assembly, the male elements 211 and female 212 have complementary shapes and position to the lateral alignment means 161, 162 or longitudinal 151, 152 of a plane block or keys, so that when the shutter block 30 is assembled with a plane block 10, the male element 711 of the first embodiment of the shutter block fits into the vertical recess 162 of the plane block 10 or the female element 212 of the second embodiment of FIG. embodiment of the shutter block engages in the horizontal projection 151 of the planar block 10. Preferably, but in a non-limiting manner, the shutter block 20 is made integrally. The various blocks presented above are all made of an expanded material, for example polystyrene or polyurethane, which gives the blocks insulation and lightness properties compared to blocks of wood or cinderblock. For example, the weight of a flat block, with dimensions of 2500 * 500 * 700 mm is of the order of 10kg, with dimensions of 2500 * 1000 * 700 mm is of the order of 20kg and the weight of a corner block, dimensions of 2780 * 280 * 280 mm is of the order of 9kg. The blocks thus have the advantage of being easily transported and easy to implement. These six forms of blocks previously described, associated with the five accessories, make it possible to build the entirety of a house. This house has the advantage of a post-beam concrete frame. Thus, the descents of charges are distributed mainly on the set of poles. In addition, this post-beam concrete frame provides a better comfort of life because it allows to regulate the humidity and thus regulate the water vapor inside the house, resulting in a reduction of damage in the house. house and mold. This house also has the advantage of being affordable by limiting the amount of concrete and reinforcing steel used.

The following description shows an example of building a house from these six blocks. Prior to assembling the first blocks, and in a manner known per se, a clean concrete is drawn to equalize the bottom of the excavation and a path is made for implantation.

First accessories, called accessories A, are aligned and fixed on the clean concrete, perpendicular to the wall to achieve, in order to retain the soles blocks on clean concrete. An accessory A, as illustrated in FIG. 6a, is a flat section of length the distance between external faces of the horizontal walls of a soles block at its lower edge 512. The accessory A has, at each of its ends 61, 62, two reception and holding means, said housing 63, 64, U-shaped and each of dimensions adapted to maintain and receive a horizontal wall 51, in its thickness, the sole block, so that, the horizontal wall 51 once engaged in a housing 63, 64, is firmly maintained there through a close contact of the horizontal wall 51 with internal walls of the housing 63, 64. The accessory A is fixed on the concrete cleaner, by all means known per se, so as to receive, at a first end 61, a housing 63 for receiving the thickness of the horizontal wall 51 external of a soles block and at a second end 62 opposite, a receiving housing 64 of thickness of the inner horizontal wall of a soles block. The accessories A are preferably spaced between 30 and 40 cm. In a particular embodiment, each housing of the accessory A is able to receive a rail E.

The rail E, as illustrated in FIG. 6e, is a U-shaped section 100, of a type known per se, with a non-limiting length of 3000 mm and a width, the thickness of an internal or external horizontal wall 51 of a 51. The rail E is able to receive and maintain in its length at least one horizontal wall 51 so that the horizontal wall, once engaged in the rail E, is firmly maintained therein. close contact of the wall with internal walls of the rail. Advantageously, in the presence of the rail E, the accessories A are preferably spaced apart by about 1 m and several accessories A receive the same rail E. When the accessories A, and possibly the rails E, are fixed to the concrete cleanliness, the blocks soles 50 are laid. The sole blocks 50 are placed so that the external horizontal wall 51, respectively internal, fits into the housing 63, respectively 64, located at the first end 61, respectively second end 62, of at least one accessory A, or in the rail E when it is placed. Prior to laying the sole blocks, as illustrated in FIG. 7, it is preferable to place horizontal reinforcements 1, preferably made of steel, to reinforce the concrete after it has been poured into the sole blocks. Preferentially, it is preferable to start the rank of soles blocks at an angle, then to place the blocks trigonometrically or non-trigonometrically, but not on either side of the angle as illustrated in the figures at as an example. The two horizontal walls 51 of a soles block 50 are beveled at a lateral end 513, for example 45 °, to achieve the angle. When the two horizontal walls 51 of a block soles are in facing relation, said walls are held in facing relation and in a vertical position by means of at least one accessory B. An accessory B, such as 6b, is a flat section of length the distance between the external faces of the horizontal walls 51 of a soles block at its upper edge 511. The accessory B comprises a so-called upper part 75 comprising a means 77 receiving and maintaining a plane block or a key block in its thickness. The accessory B has a so-called lower portion 76 having, at each of its ends 71, 72, two receiving and holding means, said housings 73, 74, U-shaped and each of dimensions capable of holding and receiving a wall horizontal 51, in its thickness, the sole block, so that the horizontal wall 51 once engaged in the housing 73, 74, is firmly maintained there through a close contact of the horizontal wall 51 with the inner walls of the housing 73, 74. The accessory B is positioned on the soles block so as to receive, at the first end 71, a receiving housing 73 of the thickness of the horizontal wall 51 external of a block soles 50 and the second opposite end 72, a receiving housing 74 the thickness of the inner horizontal wall of a block soles. When the first block soles is mounted, a second block attached soles is assembled to the first block soles. The second block soles is placed, at a first lateral end, against a lateral end of the first block soles. There is no particular connection between two blocks contiguous soles, they are just contiguous. The other soles blocks are assembled by joining the previous soles block in the same way until the contour of the house is achieved. In one embodiment, when all the sole blocks are laid, it is possible to pour a first time the concrete between the sole blocks. When all the sole blocks are placed as well as the accessories B, the first angle block 30 is placed at a first angle on the sole blocks forming the angle, as illustrated in FIG. 8. The connection between a lower face of the corner block and the upper edges of the sole blocks is made by an adhesion means such as an adhesive joint. When the first corner block 30 is positioned, a first key block is positioned in the horizontal continuity of the corner block. The vertical element 262 of the first key block 10 is added to the male element 311a of the angle block 30. The male element 311a is arranged in correspondence with the vertical recess 262 of the key block in order to assemble them. The wedge block 10 is placed, horizontal recess side 252, on the horizontal walls 51 of the soles block 50.

Preferably, the projection of the wedge block is on the upper face of the wedge block, as illustrated in FIG. 8. In one embodiment, in addition to the interlocking of the corner block with a wedge block, a glue joint is added.

When the first key block is positioned, a second key block is positioned in the horizontal continuity of the first key block. Adjoining the vertical projection 261 of the first key block 10 the vertical recess 262 of the second key block. The vertical protrusion 261 of the first key block is arranged in correspondence with the vertical recess 262 of the second key block to assemble them. The wedge block 10 is placed, horizontal recess side 252, on the horizontal walls 51 of the soles block 50. The horizontal projection 251 of the second key block is also on the upper face, as for the first key block.

It is not necessary to add a glue joint between two contiguous wedge blocks, the interlockings of the vertical projections in the vertical recesses are sufficient. The other key blocks are assembled in the same way, by interposing, at each corner, a corner block 30, until the contour of the house is formed. Preferably, a single accessory B between a solid block and the associated sole blocks is sufficient. In FIG. 8 and in a nonlimiting manner, the blocks placed on the sole blocks are preferably key blocks because the quantity of concrete poured into these blocks is greater than that of the flat blocks, and thus these blocks are more resistant to thrust. if embankment is placed around the house in a trench. It is also conceivable to place flat blocks on the sole blocks.

When the contour of the house is made with the key blocks, vertical reinforcements 2 are positioned in the openings 23, 33 of the corner blocks 30 and the key blocks 10. When all the key blocks 10 of the same row are laid , the chaining blocks 40 are positioned on the key blocks 10. The first chaining block 40 is positioned so that it fits: on the one hand by its recess 462 in the male element 311 of the block angle, and - secondly, by its horizontal recess 452, in the horizontal projection 251 of at least two key blocks. The openings and recesses of the block chaining are vis-à-vis the openings and recesses of the key blocks.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 9, the block chaining has a length equal to the width of two key blocks. Its horizontal recess 452 fits into the longitudinal projection 251 of two key blocks 10. When the first block chaining is positioned, a second block chaining 40 is positioned in the horizontal continuity of the first block chaining. Adjoining the vertical projection 461 of the first block chaining 40 the vertical recess 462 of the second block chaining. The vertical projection 461 of the first block is arranged so that it is in correspondence with the vertical recess of the second block chained to assemble them.

It is also added to the horizontal recess 452 of the second block chaining the longitudinal projection 251 of two key blocks. The other chaining blocks are assembled in the same way, between the corner blocks 30, until the contour of the house is formed. When the outline of the house is made with the chaining blocks, positioning horizontal reinforcements (not shown in the figures) in the chaining blocks for the maintenance of the concrete when it is poured. The angle block has been previously cut at the male 311a and female 311b elements to allow the connection between the horizontal reinforcements and the concrete at the chaining.

When the chaining blocks 40 of the same row are intended to receive a concrete slab for the production of a floor of a floor, the chaining blocks 40 are previously cut at their internal wall, up to the height of the spacers 42a, 42b, 42c.

Figure 10 shows a perspective view of the interior of the house illustrating the cutting chaining blocks 40 and a part of slab concrete. The realization of the floor slab is of known type, from beams, and will not be described here. The concrete is then cast at the chaining blocks, in all the openings and the recesses of the corner blocks and key block, possibly in the block insoles if this has not been previously done. The concrete is distributed in all the openings and on the whole periphery of the house, at the level of the chaining. The outer wall of the formwork blocks forms formwork to prevent concrete from being spilled to the outside of the house. When the concrete slab is completed, a layout is made on the concrete slab for the realization of a new floor and the positioning of new blocks. Prior to the positioning of the blocks, accessories C are positioned and fixed, perpendicular to the wall to be made, on the concrete slab to receive and maintain in vertical position a new row of corner blocks 30 and 10 full blocks.

An accessory C is a flat profile of length the distance between external faces of the horizontal walls of a planar block. The accessory C comprises holding means 87 capable of holding and holding a flat block in a vertical position. In an exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 6c and 11, the holding means are inverted U-shaped and dimensioned such that the flat block, once encased in the inverted U, is firmly held therein through a contact narrow internal faces of the vertical walls of the planar block with outer walls of the inverted U. In an exemplary embodiment not shown in the figures, the accessory C has the same shape as the accessory A but length the distance between outer faces of the vertical walls of a planar block. The accessory C is fixed on the concrete slab by any means known per se and is preferably spaced between 30 and 40 cm.

When the accessories C are fixed on the concrete slab, the first corner block and then laid the flat blocks 10 are assembled to each other, then chaining blocks in the same manner as before and as shown in Figures 11 and 12 .

In Figure 11 and in a non-limiting manner, the blocks placed on the concrete slab are preferably flat blocks because they require a smaller amount of concrete than for key blocks. When the second level is achieved, the concrete is then cast at the chaining blocks, in all the openings of the corner blocks and block planes. The concrete is distributed in all the openings and on the whole periphery of the house, at the level of the chaining. The outer wall of the formwork blocks forms formwork to prevent concrete from being spilled to the outside of the house. It should be noted that, when the number of desired levels is reached, the inner wall of the block chaining 40 is not cut. The concrete is retained between the two horizontal walls of the chaining blocks. By way of example, FIG. 12 illustrates the corner portion of walls with the concrete poured between the different blocks. FIG. 13 illustrates the post-beam / concrete framework of the wall obtained by the invention, virtually removing the straight blocks, corner blocks and chaining of the second level. Thus, the wall has the advantage of being insulating thus providing improved living comfort compared to existing walls while having sufficient mechanical strength. When the number of desired levels is reached, only remains the step of construction of the pinion. At the front of the pinion, D accessories are positioned to receive a new row of corner blocks and solid blocks or key blocks. The accessory D serves as a wall recovery above the block chaining to build the pinion.

The accessory D, as illustrated in FIGS. 6d and 14, is a flat section of length the distance between the external faces of the horizontal walls 11 of a planar block. The accessory D comprises a so-called upper part 95 comprising means 97 for receiving and holding a plane block or a key block in its thickness. Accessory D comprises a so-called lower portion 96 comprising means 98 for receiving and holding a plane block or a key block in its thickness.

The accessory D is also used when installing a window for example. Indeed, for the installation of a window, the plane block or keys is first cut in its height. A block of chaining is then placed on the block plane or key and receives the window. The horizontal projections 151 of the spacers 12a, 12b of the plane block or keys having been cut, the accessory D, fixed to the block plane or keys, allows to receive the chaining block and hold it in position on said block plane or keys. The various accessories A to E are profiles made for example of steel, of composite material, and preferably of plastic material to prevent thermal bridge transfer.

The corner blocks and flat blocks intended to be positioned by means of the accessories D on the corner blocks and key blocks are previously cut in height so as to obtain the shape of the front of the pinion, at the level of the roof. In an exemplary embodiment, when making an opening in a wall panel for the insertion of a window, as illustrated in FIG. 16, shutter blocks 20 seal, delimiting the opening, the protrusions or recesses of the plan blocks, key and / or chaining vis-à-vis the opening to then allow the maintenance of the concrete in the different blocks adjacent to the opening of the window, when the concrete is poured between the longitudinal walls of said blocks. The above description clearly illustrates that by its different characteristics and advantages, the present invention achieves the objectives it has set for itself. In particular, it offers a set of building blocks, which when assembled, make it possible to quickly and easily build a building, while providing thermal insulation and mechanical strength.

Claims (10)

CLAIMS1 - Building block, said plan block (10), for the realization of a building characterized in that it comprises: - two so-called longitudinal walls (11), - two so-called longitudinal spacers (12a, 12b) connecting between they both longitudinal walls (11), said two spacers being arranged relative to each other so as to determine a longitudinal through opening (13) of dimensions adapted to allow the passage of a cast concrete, - means longitudinal alignment means (151, 152) and lateral alignment means (161, 162) for relative positioning, in a longitudinal and lateral direction, with at least one other building block, similar or not, when of an assembly, said longitudinal and lateral alignment means being determined by the positioning of the spacers relative to the longitudinal walls (11). 2 - plane block (10) according to claim 1 wherein the longitudinal alignment means (151, 152) form, at a first longitudinal end (111) of each longitudinal wall, a male element, and at the level of an opposite longitudinal end (112) of each longitudinal wall, a female element of complementary shapes. 3 - plane block (10) according to one of the preceding claims wherein the lateral alignment means (161, 162) form, at a first lateral edge (113) of each longitudinal wall, a male element, and at a second opposite lateral edge (114) of each longitudinal wall, a female element of complementary shapes. 4 - plane block according to one of the preceding claims wherein at least one spacer (12a, 12b) comprises, at an outer side edge (121a, 121b), a longitudinal recess (122a, 122b). 5 - Building assembly comprising at least one planar block (10) according to one of claims 1 to 4 and at least one building block said angle block (30) having four so-called longitudinal walls (31), a through opening ( 33) longitudinal dimensionally adapted to allow the passage of a cast concrete and lateral alignment means (311a, 311b) arranged to be in correspondence and cooperating with the lateral alignment means (161, 162) of at least one planar block (10). 6 - Building assembly according to claim 5 comprising at least one building block (40, 50) having connecting means openings (13, 23) through at least two adjoining blocks, right block (10) and / or corner block (30), and adapted to receive and contain cast concrete. 7 - Building assembly according to claim 6 wherein a building block comprising the connecting means is a block called said block block (40) comprising: - two so-called side walls (41) interconnected by spacers (42a, 42b, 42c), - lateral alignment means (461, 462) arranged to be in correspondence and cooperating with the lateral alignment means (311a, 311b) of an angle block (30) and or lateral alignment means of an adjoining chaining block; longitudinal alignment means (452) arranged to be in correspondence and cooperating with the longitudinal alignment means (151, 152) of at least one planar block (10), said spacers being arranged relative to each other so as to determine apertures (43) passing through opposite openings (13) of the at least one plane block (10) and of dimensions adapted to allow the passage of a concrete co ULE. 8 - Building assembly according to one of claims 6 or 7 wherein a building block comprising the connecting means is a building block said soles block (50) having two side walls (51) vis-à-vis, and wherein a connecting member (B) comprises means (73, 74) for holding the side walls (51) of the sole block together and second means (77) for connecting the sole block to a flat block. 9 - Building assembly according to one of claims 5 to 8aun shutter block (20) comprising a longitudinal wall (21) having a male element (211) of complementary shape to a female element of a plane block (10). ) and intended to close said female element. 10 - Building assembly according to one of claims 5 to 8 comprising a closure block (20) comprising a longitudinal wall (21) having a female element (211) of complementary shape to a male element of a plane block ( 10) and intended to close said male element.