FR2984932A1 - Composite wall for residential building, has outer and inner walls spaced to define continuous accommodation space in which insulator is arranged, where inner wall is formed from wooden formwork with concrete casting - Google Patents

Abstract

The wall (1) has a sealed outer wall (4) and an inner wall (2), where the outer and inner walls are spaced to define a continuous accommodation space in which an insulator (3) is arranged. The inner wall is formed from a wooden formwork with concrete casting. The outer wall includes a cladding (42) forming an outer face of the wall, and a rain barrier (41), where the outer wall consists of a coating forming the outer face of the wall. A slab (7) forms a floor, where the slab is attached to the inner wall. An independent claim is also included for a method for manufacturing the composite wall.

Description

GENERAL TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the field of wall structures for buildings, and more particularly to wall structures intended to provide improved energy performance. STATE OF THE ART Energy issues have created new constraints in the structure and construction of walls, particularly in residential buildings. Indeed, in addition to the mechanical properties, the walls must also have high thermal properties in order to effectively isolate the interior of the building from the outside.

Many approaches have been proposed to answer this problem. Composite wall structures, which combine several materials in order to combine their advantages, and thus obtain increased performances, are particularly known.

Several solutions have also been proposed to solve the problem of existing thermal bridges in buildings, these thermal bridges being very high sources of heat loss. However, known structures are constraining in terms of manufacturing, costs, while not always offering a sufficiently high thermal efficiency. Known structures require in fact multiple operations, of realization, such operations being expensive in terms of time on a building site.

It is thus sought to provide structures which, while obeying conventional constraints such as the aesthetics of the wall, have high thermal properties as well as a structure adapted to rapid manufacturing with a reduced number of operations.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION To this end, the invention proposes a composite wall, comprising: - a sealed outer wall, - an inner wall, characterized in that said outer and inner walls are spaced so as to define a continuous internal housing in which is disposed an insulator, for example a mineral insulator, and in that said inner wall is formed of a wooden formwork in which is poured concrete. Said outer wall is for example composed of - a cladding forming the outer wall of the wall, and a rain screen, or - a coating type coating forming the outer wall of the wall. The composite wall typically comprises at least one slab forming a floor, said slab being fixed to said inner wall, and / or an inner trim element fixed on said formwork, and forming the inner face of said wall. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a composite wall, comprising the following steps: - setting up a wooden formwork, - fixing a layer of insulation, for example a mineral insulator, on one of the faces of said wooden formwork, - installation of a rain screen on said layer of insulation, and a fastening frame adapted to receive a cladding, - pouring concrete into said formwork, and - fixing a cladding on said framework, to form the outer facade of said composite wall.

Alternatively, the establishment of a sealed outer wall comprises successive steps of placing a rain film on said mineral insulation, and a cladding forming the outer facade of said wall. For example, self-placing concrete is poured into said formwork.

This method also typically comprises a step of fixing an inner lining on said formwork, so as to form the inner face of said wall. PRESENTATION OF THE FIGURES Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows, which is purely illustrative and nonlimiting, and which should be read with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. As an example of a composite wall according to one aspect of the invention, FIG. 2 schematically illustrates the steps of a method of manufacturing such a composite wall. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Figure 1 shows an example of wall 1 according to one aspect of the invention. The wall 1 as shown is a composite wall comprising: - an inner wall 2, - an insulator 3, and - an outer wall 4. The inner wall 2 is constituted by a wooden formwork, formed of an inner panel 21 wooden panels, these internal and external panels 21 and 22 being connected by wooden transverse uprights 23 arranged regularly along the wall 1, and thus defining a plurality of housings in which the concrete 24, preferably self-placing concrete.

An insulation layer 3, for example a mineral insulator, is disposed against the outer panel 22 of the inner wall 2, between the inner wall 2 and the outer wall 4.

This insulating panel 3 extends over the entire surface of the wall 1, except of course openings designed for carpentry elements such as windows or doors. The inner and outer walls 4 thus defining a continuous inner housing therebetween, in which a continuous insulating layer is arranged, avoiding the formation of thermal bridges. The outer wall 4 of the wall 1 comprises a rainscreen film 41 disposed against the mineral insulation 3, over the entire surface of this insulator 3, in order to achieve its sealing with respect to the outside. Cladding 42 is then placed outside the wall, and shaped the external facade. This cladding 42 is for example made of wood or any other suitable material. Other variants may be envisaged for this external wall 4, in particular a variant with an outer wall 4 of the type External Thermal Insulation (ITE), that is to say comprising an insulating layer covered with a coating of the coated type; in this particular embodiment, the rain film 41 presented above is then not necessary when the insulation is a rigid insulator, for example expanded polystyrene.

In the example shown, an internal lining 61 is fixed on the inner panel 21 of the formwork 2 by means of the internal framework 62, this internal alloy 61 forming the inner face of the wall 1. The wall 1 as shown is also associated two slabs 7, 30 respectively forming the floor and a floor of a building. Note that these slabs 7 are connected to the inner wall 2, but do not pass through the outer panel 22 of the formwork and are not connected to the outer wall 4. Thus, the insulating layer 3 remains continuous, and this despite the presence of slabs 7, thus avoiding the formation of thermal bridges at these slabs. In the embodiment shown, the wall 1 also comprises a cleat 43, forming the base of the wall 1 and adapted to protect it from infiltration or intrusion, for example from rodents. This cleat 43 extends both in the ground and along the outer face of the wall 1, so as to prevent subsequent changes of the ground at the base of the wall 1.

It is further noted that, in the embodiment shown, the insulating layer 3 also extends partially in the ground, thereby avoiding losses that can be high, especially near the surface of the ground.

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the various steps of a manufacturing method according to one aspect of the invention, making it possible, for example, to produce a composite wall as shown in FIG.

A first step E1 consists in the establishment of a formwork, for example by cutting and assembling successive internal and external panels and amounts connecting them. A second step E2 consists of fixing a mineral insulator on the formwork previously set up, this mineral insulator completely covering one of the faces of this formwork. The mineral insulation is fixed to the formwork by any suitable means, typically chevrons and / or brackets, advantageously avoiding the use of conductive materials that pass through said layer of insulating material.

During a third step E3, a rain screen is placed on the layer of insulating material, and a frame for the subsequent fixing of a cladding that will form the outer wall of the wall.

During a fourth step E4, pouring concrete into the formwork is carried out. Concrete is typically self-placing concrete, so as to ensure a good distribution in the formwork without the need for a vibration stage of the formwork. Finally, during a fifth step E5, a cladding forming the outer face of the wall is put in place, or, if necessary, the layer of insulation is covered with a coating of the coated type in order to form the outer facade of the wall. Thus, a wood-concrete composite wall structure, comprising an insulation extending over its entire surface, and whose manufacture is simplified, in particular in that it does not include steps of removing the formwork. The concrete poured into the formwork ensures the mechanical strength of the wall thus formed, it being understood that the formwork can also contribute to this mechanical strength according to the materials used to make it, one can thus obtain a resistance equivalent to that of a wall in concrete of a given thickness with such a wood-concrete composite wall comprising a reduced concrete thickness. Alternatively, the method may comprise an additional step of placing an inner lining on the inner panel of the formwork, this inner lining then forming the inner face of the wall. From the above, it will be understood that several steps, for example the steps E1, E2 and E3, can be carried out outside the construction site and only the steps E4 and E5 are carried out on site; it will then be sufficient to bring the structure thus preformed on site, before pouring the concrete into the formwork and set up the outer facade. This considerably reduces the number of operations to be performed on site, particularly compared to conventional methods in which the form is removed after pouring concrete. The invention thus makes it possible to produce a wood-concrete composite wall structure that is advantageous in terms of economy and heat, and whose implementation is simplified.

Claims (9)

REVENDICATIONS1. Composite wall (1), comprising: - an impervious outer wall (4), - an inner wall (2), characterized in that said outer (4) and inner (2) walls are spaced so as to define a continuous internal housing wherein an insulator (3) is disposed, and in that said inner wall (2) is formed of a wooden formwork into which concrete is poured. 2. Wall (1) according to claim 1, wherein said outer wall (4) is composed of a cladding (42) forming the outer wall of the wall (1), and a rain screen (41). 3. Wall (1) according to claim 1, wherein said outer wall (4) is composed of a coated type coating forming the outer wall of the wall (1). 4. Wall (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, comprising at least one slab (7) forming a floor, said slab being fixed to said inner wall (2). 5. Wall (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising an inner cladding element (61) fixed on said formwork, and forming the inner face of said wall (1). 6. A method of manufacturing a composite wall (1), comprising the following steps: - establishment (El) of a wooden form, - fixing (E2) of a layer of insulation (3) on a external faces of said wooden formwork, - placing (E3) a rainscreen (41) on said insulating layer (3), and a fixing frame adapted to receive a cladding (42), pouring (E4) the concrete into said formwork, and - fixing (E5) a cladding (42) to said framework, so as to form the external facade of said composite wall (1). 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the establishment of a sealed outer wall comprises successive steps of placing a rain film on said mineral insulation, and a cladding forming the outer facade of said wall. . 8. Method according to one of claims 6 or 7, wherein pouring self-placing concrete in said formwork. 9. Method according to one of claims 6 to 7, further comprising a step of fixing an inner lining (61) on said formwork, so as to form the inner face of said wall (1).