EP2228498A1 - A process of manufacture of an internally isolated building and building constructed according to that process, a method of producing a corresponding superstructural element and superstructural element produced according to that method - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves obtaining a set of superstructure elements e.g. column or beam, each comprising a load bearing element (31) to which acoustic insulation and/or heat insulation element (32) is connected. The superstructure elements are assembled so as to form an insulated and load bearing superstructure of the building. A wall comprising an insulation layer on its surfaces is mounted at the exterior of the super structure, where the layer is arranged towards interior of the building. An outer insulation layer is arranged with respect to the insulation element. An independent claim is also included for a method for manufacturing a superstructure element i.e. beam, of a building.

Description

1. Field of the invention

The field of the invention is that of the insulation of buildings.

More specifically, the invention relates to the thermal and / or acoustic insulation, from the inside, of the envelope of a building.

The invention is intended to be implemented for new constructions, individual or collective, particularly in the residential sector, and where appropriate in building rehabilitation.

2. State of the art

There are usually two approaches to isolating a building.

Insulation techniques are thus known from the exterior of the facades of a building, such as, for example, curtain walling techniques, double wall techniques, cladding and cladding, and the technique of coating on insulation. These techniques consist in placing insulation outside the load-bearing structure of the building.

A disadvantage of these known techniques of insulation from the outside is of aesthetic order. Indeed, the constraints related to an effective implementation of these techniques, may limit the number of architectural options offered, and in particular may require reducing the relief of the facades.

Another disadvantage of these known techniques is the cost and / or installation (duration, immobilization of lifting means and scaffolding, ...) insulation products from the outside. This cost is even more important as it also seeks to meet aesthetic requirements.

According to a second approach, there are known techniques of bringing an insulating layer on the inner face of the walls of the facade.

These techniques, also known as interior dubbing techniques, generally have a slight competitive advantage in terms of price compared to exterior insulation techniques.

However, a disadvantage of these known techniques of insulation from the inside, when only the walls are insulated, is that there is significant heat loss and / or sound transmission at uninsulated areas of the superstructure, qualified for this reason thermal "bridges" and / or phonic "bridges", such as for example slabs, beams, slits, lintels, etc.

A further disadvantage of these "bridges" is that they promote condensation, which can lead to the development of molds or peeling of interior coatings, for example.

In order to avoid these thermal bridges, it has been proposed to install at each level of the construction an interior insulation envelope at the same time on the walls, on the floors or on the ceilings, and at their junctions.

A disadvantage of this insulating technique from the inside of each level is that it reduces the living space by several percent.

Another disadvantage of this technique, which is detrimental to the economy of construction, is the additional cost resulting from the increase of the total insulated surface, in particular due to the laying of a layer of insulation on the surface at the same time. upper and on the lower surface of each slab or floor.

3. Objectives of the invention

The invention particularly aims to overcome these disadvantages of the prior art.

More specifically, it is an object of the invention to provide a method of constructing an insulated building from the inside that is energy efficient and / or acoustically efficient.

An object of the invention, in at least one embodiment of the invention, is to provide a building obtained from such a method whose insulation vis-à-vis the outside is continuous and does not present therefore no residual thermal or acoustic "bridge" zone at the level of the facade walls, gables, roof or foundation slab, etc.

An objective of the invention, in at least one particular embodiment of the invention, is to provide such a construction method which makes it possible to obtain a high quality of insulation, which can in particular contribute to the performance certificate being obtained. High Environmental Quality (HQE - Registered Trademark) is awarded to a building constructed using this process.

An object of the invention is also, according to at least one embodiment, to provide such a construction method that is simple to implement, and in particular that does not require special tools and / or technical skills.

Another objective of the invention is to provide such a construction method which allows, in at least one embodiment, to simplify the operation of laying the insulation and to reduce the amount of insulation to be used by compared to the techniques of the prior art, and which therefore greatly reduces the corresponding costs.

Another object of the invention is, according to at least one embodiment of the invention, to provide such a construction method that is appropriate for buildings meeting a seismic standard.

In another embodiment of the invention, another object of the invention is to limit the risk of accidents at work, and in particular the risk of falling personnel working on the construction of the building.

4. Presentation of the invention

These objectives, as well as others that will become more apparent later, are achieved by a building construction method, including a seismic building, comprising a superstructure composed of a plurality of carrier and insulated superstructure elements, each comprising at least one carrier element to which is secured at least one insulation element.

• montage d'une paroi formant un plancher inférieur dudit bâtiment et présentant des moyens d'isolation continue sur sa face tournée vers l'intérieur dudit bâtiment et se prolongeant par des remontées verticales d'isolation, à la périphérie desdits moyens d'isolation continue ;
• assemblage desdits éléments de superstructure, de façon à former une superstructure porteuse et isolée dudit bâtiment, les éléments d'isolation desdits éléments de superstructure étant placés en contact de remontées verticales d'isolation correspondantes, de façon à former une continuité d'isolation entre ledit plancher inférieur et lesdits éléments de superstructure ;
• montage, entre lesdits éléments de superstructure, d'au moins une paroi verticale équipée de moyens d'isolation continue sur sa face tournée vers l'intérieur dudit bâtiment, reliant les éléments d'isolation des éléments de superstructure entre lesquels elle est montée et étant placés en contact des remontées verticales d'isolation correspondantes, de façon à former une continuité d'isolation entre ledit plancher inférieur et lesdites parois verticales ;
• montage d'une paroi formant un plancher supérieur dudit bâtiment et munie de moyens d'isolation continue sur sa face tournée vers l'intérieur dudit bâtiment et venant en contact avec au moins un desdits éléments d'isolation desdits éléments de superstructure installés et desdits moyens d'isolation continue desdites parois verticales, de façon à former une continuité d'isolation.

According to the invention, such a method implements a continuous insulation, said cocoon, said superstructure, through the following steps:

• mounting a wall forming a lower floor of said building and having means of continuous insulation on its face facing towards the interior of said building and extending by vertical risings of insulation, at the periphery of said continuous insulation means;
• assembling said superstructure elements so as to form a carrier superstructure and insulated from said building, the insulating members of said superstructure elements being placed in contact with corresponding vertical risers of insulation, so as to form an insulation continuity between said lower floor and said superstructure elements;
• mounting, between said superstructure elements, at least one vertical wall equipped with continuous insulation means on its inward facing side of said building, connecting the insulation elements of the superstructure elements between which it is mounted and being placed in contact with the corresponding vertical insulating lifts, so as to form an insulation continuity between said lower floor and said vertical walls;
• mounting a wall forming an upper floor of said building and provided with continuous insulation means on its face turned towards the interior of said building and coming into contact with at least one of said insulation elements of said installed superstructure elements and said means continuous insulation of said vertical walls, so as to form a continuity of insulation.

It is noted that in the context of the invention, the terms "lower" and "upper" are used with reference to the building, to qualify the elements respectively at the lowest level or the highest level of the building.

The method according to the invention notably implements insulation forming "cocoon", obtaining a continuity of the insulation of the low floor by a rise of insulation in the vertical walls, and more precisely at the level of the insulation elements of the bearing structural elements, which are for example wrapped on both sides in an insulation element, this insulation element joining the insulation element of the high floor, without any breakage.

In particular, the method can be implemented without crushing the insulating elements of the superstructure elements and / or the means of continuous insulation of the walls, so as not to induce a thermal and / or phonic bridge.

Thus, in a novel way, a building is obtained whose superstructure carrier, or in other words the supporting structure of the building located above the ground level, is insulated independently of the walls so as to avoid thermal bridges. In addition, such an insulation protects the superstructure carrying thermal shocks, which can lead to mechanical or chemical weakening, a change of appearance, etc.

Furthermore, a building constructed according to the construction method according to the invention is likely to comply with seismic rules or standards. Indeed, the carrier superstructure of this building does not include the walls, or walls, exterior of the building, but is at least partially decoupled from these outer walls. It should be noted that, thanks to the construction method according to the invention, it is not necessary to create thermal losses at the level of the load-bearing columns in order to decouple, or dissociate, the superstructure of the external walls, contrary to what the techniques recommend. known seismic construction works, used for industrial buildings and large collectives.

In particular, according to the invention, the insulation of at least one lower pole of the building is continuously connected to the insulation embedded in the lower floor of the building.

Preferably, during said step of mounting a wall forming an upper floor of said building, said wall forming an upper floor of said building and a second wall forming a portion of an outer wall of said building are connected by a thickness of separating insulation.

Thus, a thermal and / or acoustic separation is created between the floor and the external walls.

Advantageously, one of said superstructure elements being a horizontal upper element of said superstructure, a method as described above comprises a step of placing a roof insulation of said building in the continuity of the insulation element of a wall forming an upper floor of said building.

Thus, the insulation of the floor is continuously joined to that of the roof.

The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a superstructure element of a building, such as for example a post or a beam, comprising a step of securing to an element carrying an insulating element extending substantially along the length of said carrier member.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, said insulation element is configured to extend over a substantial portion of the contour of said carrier element.

Preferably, said substantial portion is at least equal to half the perimeter of a section of said carrier member.

In at least one embodiment of the invention, said isolation member has an inner surface that surrounds said carrier member.

According to a particular aspect of the invention, said step of joining comprises a casting step of a constituent material of said carrier element in the volume defined by the inner surface of said insulating member.

It may also be envisaged, in other embodiments of the invention, to insert the carrier element, for example made of a metal profile, in a reservation or a passage formed along a longitudinal axis of the element. insulation.

The invention also relates to the use of a superstructure element manufactured according to any of the manufacturing methods described above, for the implementation of one of the methods of construction as described above, as well as the elements superstructure and buildings made according to the methods described above.

5. List of figures

• la figure 1 est une représentation synoptique d'un mode de réalisation d'un procédé de construction selon l'invention ;
• la figure 2 illustre schématiquement un bâtiment mis en oeuvre selon un mode de réalisation d'un procédé de construction selon l'invention ;
• les figures 3A et 3B sont des vues de détail en coupe respectivement de la zone d'un poteau et d'une poutre de la superstructure porteuse du bâtiment présenté figure 2 ;
• la figure 4A est une vue de détail en coupe de la zone supérieure du bâtiment présenté sur la figure 2;
• la figure 4B est une vue de la zone supérieure d'une variante du bâtiment présenté sur la figure 2 ;
• la figure 5A est une vue de détail en coupe de la zone de plancher du bâtiment présenté sur la figure 2 ;
• la figure 5B est une vue de la zone de plancher d'une variante du bâtiment présenté sur la figure 2 ;
• la figure 6 est une représentation synoptique d'un mode de réalisation d'un procédé de fabrication d'un élément de superstructure selon l'invention ;
• la figure 7 est une vue en coupe d'une variante de mise en oeuvre d'un élément de superstructure fabriqué selon le procédé de l'invention.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly on reading the following description of an embodiment. preferred embodiment of the invention, given as a simple illustrative and nonlimiting example, and the appended drawings, among which:

• the figure 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a construction method according to the invention;
• the figure 2 schematically illustrates a building implemented according to an embodiment of a construction method according to the invention;
• the Figures 3A and 3B are detailed sectional views respectively of the zone of a post and a beam of the carrying superstructure of the presented building figure 2 ;
• the Figure 4A is a detail view in section of the upper zone of the building presented on the figure 2 ;
• the Figure 4B is a view of the upper zone of a variant of the building shown on the figure 2 ;
• the Figure 5A is a detail view in section of the floor area of the building shown on the figure 2 ;
• the Figure 5B is a view of the floor area of a variant of the building shown on the figure 2 ;
• the figure 6 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a method of manufacturing a superstructure element according to the invention;
• the figure 7 is a sectional view of an alternative embodiment of a superstructure element manufactured according to the method of the invention.

6. Detailed description of an embodiment of the invention 6.1. Recall

As already indicated, the general principle of the invention is based on the implementation of a continuous insulating coating, also called "thermal cocoon", on a superstructure of a building dissociated from the outer walls of this building.

Such a method makes it possible to overcome the thermal or acoustic bridges at the junction of the external walls, high floors (ceilings) and low floors of a building ...

6.2. Embodiment Example of the Invention of the Construction Method of the Invention

The figure 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the construction method of a building according to the invention.

In a first step 11, a plurality of superstructure elements, each comprising at least one carrier element which is secured at least one insulation element, is obtained. The superstructure elements may, for example, be poles or beams, and the supporting element a reinforced concrete section or a metal section.

We present in relation with the figure 6 an example of a method of manufacturing such a superstructure element according to the invention comprising a carrier member which is secured to an insulating member.

In a first step 61, an insulating element extending substantially along the length of said carrier element is secured to a carrier element. It is noted that this insulation element may advantageously be configured so as to extend over a substantial portion of the contour of said carrier element preferably at least equal to half the perimeter of a section of the carrier element.

In this particular embodiment of the invention, the insulation member has an inner surface that surrounds the carrier member. A constituent material of the carrier element has been cast (step 62) in the volume defined by the inner surface of the insulation element, during the securing step 61.

In the embodiment illustrated in figure 1 the method comprises a step 12 for mounting a wall forming a lower floor of the building and having means of continuous insulation on its face turned towards the interior of said building and extended by vertical risings of insulation, at the periphery of said continuous insulation means.

In a next step 13, the superstructure elements are assembled to form a carrier superstructure and isolated from said building.

During this step 13, at least one of said lower pole superstructure elements of said building is placed in the vicinity of a vertical insulation lift formed in a lower floor of said building, so that the insulation elements of the elements superstructure are placed in contact with corresponding vertical insulating lifts, so as to form an insulation continuity between said lower floor and said superstructure elements (step 131).

For example, said insulation element may rest at least partially on said ascent.

In parallel (arrow 141) or following (arrow 142) step 13, the method comprises a step 14 for mounting, between the superstructure elements, at least one vertical wall equipped with continuous insulation means on its face facing towards the interior of the building, connecting the insulation elements of the superstructure elements between which it is mounted and being placed in contact with the corresponding vertical risers of insulation, so as to form a continuity of insulation between the lower floor and the walls vertical.

In a fifth step 15, a wall forming an upper floor of said building and having an insulation layer on one of its faces is mounted outside said superstructure.

• la couche d'isolation est disposée vers l'intérieur dudit bâtiment et est mise en place (étape 151) pour venir en contact avec au moins un des éléments d'isolation des éléments de superstructure installés et desdits moyens d'isolation continue desdites parois verticales de façon à former une continuité d'isolation ;
• une épaisseur d'isolant séparatrice est posée (étape 152) pour relier la première paroi formant un plancher supérieur à une deuxième paroi formant une portion d'un mur extérieur dudit bâtiment.

In this step 15:

• the insulation layer is disposed towards the interior of said building and is put in place (step 151) to come into contact with at least one of the insulation elements of the installed superstructure elements and said continuous insulation means of said vertical walls in order to form a continuity of insulation;
• a separating insulator thickness is set (step 152) for connecting the first wall forming an upper floor to a second wall forming a portion of an outer wall of said building.

Then, in a step 16, a roof insulation of said building in the continuity of an insulation element of a horizontal upper superstructure element is put in place.

6.3. Example of a building implemented according to the invention

The figure 2 schematically illustrates a single-storey dwelling house obtained by the implementation of a construction method according to the invention.

The carrier superstructure 20 of the house consists of eleven superstructure elements, including six lower posts 21, two upper longitudinal beams 22 supporting a frame and three upper transverse beams 23.

We present with reference to Figures 3A and 3B detailed views of the area of a carrier element forming a post 21 (see figure 3A ) and a carrier element forming a beam (see figure 3B ) of this building.

As can be seen from these Figures 3A and 3B , the carrier elements 31 of the post 21 and the beam 22 are surrounded by a thermal insulation and / or insulation insulation element 32, which separates them from the outer walls 33. As a result, the carrier elements are isolated from the cold external walls, which helps to protect them from thermal shock, and avoids thermal bridges to the outside.

• les performances thermiques des matériaux utilisés ;
• la performance thermique et/ou acoustique attendue pour le bâtiment ;
• l'incidence de la région, de l'altitude et de la zone d'implantation du bâtiment sur le calcul du coefficient de transmission thermique conformément aux règles Th-U.

In this embodiment of the invention, the outer walls 33 are made from commonly available construction materials, and covered with an outer plaster layer 34. In variants of this embodiment of the invention, The thickness of the insulation element may be greater or smaller depending on:

• the thermal performance of the materials used;
• the thermal and / or acoustic performance expected for the building;
• the impact of the area, altitude and area of the building on the calculation of the thermal transmittance in accordance with the Th-U rules.

As can be seen on the Figure 4A , which presents a detailed view of the upper zone of the house, the frame 41 is carried by the longitudinal carrying beams 22. This frame 41 is thermally decoupled from the outer walls 33, thanks to a separating insulation strip 43.

A high floor 42 defines attics arranged under the roof. This floor 42 is also thermally decoupled from the outer walls (outer walls 33 and roofing 411), so as to ensure the thermal and acoustic performance of the building.

A vertical strip of insulation 44, of a thickness equal to that of the post, was laid in the continuity of this post. It is extended by an insulating layer 45 in the sub-slope along the roof 411.

A variant of this embodiment in which the roofs of the house are this time lost, is illustrated Figure 4B . The skilled person will understand the teaching of this Figure 4B without inventive effort in view of what has been described above.

We present, in relation to the Figure 5A , a detailed sectional view of the area of the lower floor 51 of the house shown figure 2 .

In this illustrated embodiment Figure 5A , the floor 51 is built on solid ground on a stone hedgehog 55 and is carried by a concrete well 56.

This floor was isolated over its entire surface using a horizontal layer of insulation 52 and a vertical rising insulation strip 53 placed on the periphery of the layer 52. The layer 52 is intended to be contiguous, in a continuous manner, in its upper part with the insulating elements 32 of the posts 21 so as to prevent the appearance of a thermal bridge.

• une isolation est intégrée au plancher sensiblement sur toute sa surface ;
• un isolant est posé en remontée verticale sur la totalité du périphérique du plancher, de façon à annuler le « pont » thermique qui peut apparaître dans les constructions classiques ;
• les éléments d'isolation des poteaux et des murs extérieurs épousent la remontée au plancher, de façon à former une continuité d'isolation.

In other words:

• an insulation is integrated into the floor substantially over its entire surface;
• an insulator is placed vertically up on the entire device of the floor, so as to cancel the thermal "bridge" that can appear in conventional buildings;
• the insulation elements of the columns and the external walls follow the rise to the floor, so as to form a continuity of insulation.

During the implementation of step 14 of the method according to the invention, care was taken to respect the minimum thickness of insulation suitable for obtaining the desired thermal performance, and to reassemble the insulation strip to the right of the insulation element, to ensure the continuity of the insulation.

A variant of this embodiment in which the lower floor is placed on a basement or on a crawl space is illustrated Figure 5B . The skilled person will understand the teaching of this Figure 5B without inventive effort in view of what has been described above.

6.4. Other features and advantages of the invention

• de modifier l'agencement, la hauteur ou l'aspect général de la superstructure porteuse, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention ;
• que l'élément d'isolation 71 solidaire d'un élément porteur 72 d'une superstructure d'un bâtiment obtenu par la mise en oeuvre d'un procédé selon l'invention s'étende sur la moitié du périmètre de la section de l'élément porteur (voir la figure 7) ;
• que le plancher inférieur comprenne un équipement de chauffage par le sol.

In variants of the embodiment described above, it may also be envisaged, for example:

• to modify the arrangement, the height or the general appearance of the carrier superstructure without departing from the scope of the invention;
• that the insulating element 71 integral with a carrier element 72 of a superstructure of a building obtained by the implementation of a method according to the invention extends over half the perimeter of the section of the carrying element (see figure 7 );
• the lower floor includes underfloor heating equipment.

Claims (11)

A method of constructing a building, particularly a seismic building, comprising a superstructure composed of a plurality of carrier and insulated superstructure elements, each comprising at least one carrier element to which at least one insulation element is secured,
characterized in that it implements a continuous insulation, said cocoon, said superstructure, through the following steps: - mounting a wall forming a lower floor of said building and having continuous insulation means on its side facing the interior of said building and extending by vertical insulating lifts, at the periphery of said continuous insulation means ; - assembling said superstructure elements, so as to form a carrier superstructure and insulated said building, the insulating elements of said superstructure elements being placed in contact with corresponding vertical risers insulation, so as to form a continuity of insulation between said lower floor and said superstructure elements; - Mounting, between said superstructure elements, at least one vertical wall equipped with continuous insulation means on its side facing the interior of said building, connecting the insulation elements of the superstructure elements between which it is mounted and being placed in contact with the corresponding vertical insulating lifts, so as to form an insulation continuity between said lower floor and said vertical walls; - mounting a wall forming an upper floor of said building and provided with continuous insulation means on its side facing the interior of said building and coming into contact with at least one of said insulation elements of said superstructure elements installed and said means of continuous insulation of said vertical walls, so as to form a continuity of insulation. Construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that during said step of mounting a wall forming an upper floor of said building, said wall forming an upper floor of said building and a second wall forming a portion of an outer wall of said building are connected by a thickness of separating insulation. Construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that it comprises a step of placing a roof insulation of said building in the continuity of the insulation element of a wall forming an upper floor of said building. A method of manufacturing a superstructure element of a building, such as for example a post or a beam, characterized in that it comprises a step of securing, to a carrier element, an insulation element s' extending substantially along the length of said carrier member. Manufacturing method according to claim 4, characterized in that said insulating member is configured to extend over a substantial portion of the contour of said carrier member. Manufacturing method according to claim 5, characterized in that said substantial portion is at least equal to half the perimeter of a section of said carrier member. Manufacturing method according to claim 6, characterized in that said insulating member has an inner surface which surrounds said carrier member. Manufacturing method according to claim 7, characterized in that said step of joining comprises a step of casting a constituent material of said carrier member in the volume defined by the inner surface of said insulating member. Use of a superstructure element manufactured according to the method of any one of claims 4 to 8, for carrying out the construction method according to one of claims 1 to 3. Building constructed according to the method of construction of any one of claims 1 to 3. A superstructure element manufactured by the manufacturing method of any one of claims 4 to 8.

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