EP3315680B1 - Building board for producing a structure and method for manufacturing such a board - Google Patents

Building board for producing a structure and method for manufacturing such a board Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3315680B1
EP3315680B1 EP17199030.2A EP17199030A EP3315680B1 EP 3315680 B1 EP3315680 B1 EP 3315680B1 EP 17199030 A EP17199030 A EP 17199030A EP 3315680 B1 EP3315680 B1 EP 3315680B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
devices
plate
formwork
filling area
board
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17199030.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3315680A3 (en
EP3315680B8 (en
EP3315680A2 (en
Inventor
Emeric SIMON
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Innovation Et Conseil I & C
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Innovation Et Conseil
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3315680A2 publication Critical patent/EP3315680A2/en
Publication of EP3315680A3 publication Critical patent/EP3315680A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3315680B1 publication Critical patent/EP3315680B1/en
Publication of EP3315680B8 publication Critical patent/EP3315680B8/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/04—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or slabs of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. asbestos cement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/0081—Embedding aggregates to obtain particular properties
    • B28B23/0087—Lightweight aggregates for making lightweight articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/12—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein one or more rollers exert pressure on the material
    • B28B3/14—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein one or more rollers exert pressure on the material with co-operating pocketed rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/16—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using pocketed rollers, e.g. two co-operating pocketed rollers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/044—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to building plates for carrying out work, and more particularly to slabs and walls.
  • plates which can be slabs for the foundations of the structure or walls to build the walls and partitions.
  • the walls are placed vertically and the slabs are placed on the floor or a support located above the floor to make floors.
  • the slabs are generally made of concrete. We then pour the malleable concrete into a formwork and wait for its hardening to obtain a flat surface suitable for receiving a floor, for example a wooden floor, tiled floor, etc. But these slabs are heavy and must rest on a suitable supporting structure.
  • a light concrete composed of cement, water, aggregates, and polystyrene balls.
  • aerated concrete into which air is injected, when the concrete is in the liquid state before hardening, to create cavities.
  • the density of the slabs thus obtained cannot be precisely controlled. In addition, these tiles do not offer sufficient thermal and acoustic insulation.
  • dry slabs produced by depositing dry aggregates (generally clay), that is to say without cement, on a support intended to support a floor.
  • the support can be a ground, when the floor is made in a cellar of a building, or the support can be a concrete slab, a wooden or tiled floor for living rooms located above the ground.
  • these dry tiles also do not offer sufficient acoustic and thermal insulation.
  • An object of the invention to overcome these drawbacks, and more particularly to provide means for improving the acoustic and thermal insulation of works.
  • a construction plate according to claim 1 for making a structure comprising a formwork delimiting a filling zone, and a plurality of devices housed within the filling zone.
  • each device has a body delimiting at least one closed cavity.
  • any type of plate such as a wall or a slab, can be produced, comprising a residual volume of air effective for increasing the acoustic and thermal insulation of the structure.
  • the residual volume corresponds to the sum of the volumes defined by the closed cavities of the devices. We can thus control the acoustic and thermal properties of the plates produced because we can precisely determine the residual volume.
  • the plate can comprise a material comprising a binder and aggregates aggregated within the binder, the material being housed within the filling zone and the devices being embedded in the within the material.
  • the binder may include a cement.
  • the body of the devices is coated with an adhesive film to mechanically link the devices together and with the formwork.
  • the adhesive film may include a mortar.
  • the body of the devices may include a ceramic material.
  • the body of the devices may include a plastic material.
  • the plate may include a protective layer covering the filling area.
  • the body of the devices is coated with an adhesive film to mechanically bond the devices together and with the formwork.
  • the method can comprise a filling step in which a material comprising a binder and aggregates is poured into the filling zone to drown the devices within of the material.
  • the structure can be a building, a house, a shed, ...
  • the plate 1 comprises a formwork 2 and several devices 3.
  • the formwork 2 defines a filling area 4.
  • the formwork 2 can have a varied shape and a thickness varied.
  • the formwork 2 comprises at least one longitudinal element 5 to 8, that is to say having a length greater than its height and its width.
  • the formwork 2 may comprise a single longitudinal element 5 to 8 describing a closed curve, such as a circle, an ellipse, an ovoid curve, a triangle, a quadrilateral or a polygonal curve.
  • the formwork 2 comprises four longitudinal elements 5 to 8 fixed together to describe a closed curve in order to delimit the filling area 4.
  • the formwork 2 is open to allow filling of the filling area 4 with the devices 3.
  • the longitudinal elements 5 to 8 can be fixed together so that the formwork 2 has two opposite flat surfaces S, T These surfaces S, T can be open or partially closed by two respectively additional formwork elements, such as covers fixed on the longitudinal elements 5, 8.
  • the formwork 2 may comprise a single cover 16, as illustrated in the figure 7 , to completely or partially close a surface S, T.
  • the formwork 2 comprises two covers respectively closing the two surfaces S, T, partially or completely.
  • a longitudinal element 5 to 8 can be a beam, a wall or a partition.
  • the formwork 2 is intended to be placed on a support structure 9.
  • the support structure 9 can be the ground, a floor, a concrete slab.
  • the longitudinal elements 5 to 8 can be curved, as well as the covers if necessary, to form a curved formwork 2 adapted to the irregularities of the supporting structure 9.
  • each device 3 has a body 10 delimiting at least one closed cavity 11, illustrated in the figure 4 .
  • the term “cavity 11” means an empty space housed inside the body 10 of the device 3.
  • the term “closed cavity 11” means an empty space enclosed inside the device 3.
  • the cavity 11 forms a volume containing a gas, preferably air.
  • the bodies 10 of the devices 3 occupy a volume, denoted occupancy volume, within the plate 1, and the cavities 11 guarantee an unoccupied volume, denoted residual volume, corresponding to the sum of the volumes defined by the cavities 11 of each of the devices 3.
  • a plate 1 is provided having a residual volume which improves the acoustic and thermal properties.
  • a plate 1 which can be used to make walls or slabs. Thanks to the thickness of the bodies 10 of the devices 3, a plate 1 is provided having sufficient mechanical resistance to compression. When the bodies 10 are made of ceramic, plates 1 are provided which have good fire resistance, since ceramic is a non-combustible material. Due to the residual volume created by the cavities 11 within the devices 3, the thermal properties of the plate 1 are increased, since air is a thermal insulator. Furthermore, the thickness of the walls of the bodies 10 of the devices 3 and the cavities 11 located within the walls participate in improving the acoustic properties of the plates 1. In fact, the succession of wall, cavity 11, wall, of the devices 3 makes it possible to 'attenuate the acoustic waves which pass through the plate 1.
  • the residual volume created by all of the devices 3 lightens the plate 1.
  • spaces are created between the devices 3, which offers a drainage property to leave pass the liquids by gravity which could infiltrate into the plate 1. It is also possible to know with precision the volume of each cavity 11 and thus determine a precise residual volume, which makes it possible to control the thermal, acoustic properties and the density of the plate 1.
  • the device 3 has a body 10 delimiting at least one closed cavity 11.
  • the body 10 of the device 3 is in particular liquid-tight, for example water or mortar in liquid phase before hardening.
  • the body 10 of the device 3 extends along a longitudinal axis A of the device 3 and has two closed ends 12, 13.
  • the closed ends 12, 13 may each have a linear shape.
  • the ends 12, 13 are parallel to each other.
  • the body 10 of the device 3 has a cylindrical shape.
  • the term “cylinder” is understood here to mean a solid limited by a cylindrical surface generated by a straight line, denoted generator, traversing a closed planar curve, denoted director, and two planes intersecting the generatrices.
  • the body 10 may have the shape of a tube.
  • the body of the device 3 can also define several cavities 11, communicating with each other or not.
  • the closed cavities 11 prevent the devices 3 from nesting into each other, whatever their size and shape.
  • the dimensions of the devices 3 are adjustable.
  • each device 8 has a length between 30 and 100 mm, and preferably equal to 50 mm.
  • the length of the device 3 corresponds to the distance between the two ends 12, 13.
  • the length of the cylindrical part of the body 3 can be between 20 and 90 mm.
  • each end 12, 13 can have a length equal to 5 mm.
  • the outside diameter of the cylindrical part of the body 3 can be between 10 and 40 mm.
  • the internal diameter of the cylindrical part of the body 3 can be between 8 and 38 mm.
  • the thickness of the wall of the body 3 can be equal to 2 mm.
  • the plate 1 only comprises devices 3 each having a closed cavity 11.
  • the thickness of the walls, the internal and external diameter and the length of the bodies 10 of the devices 3 can be varied, in order to obtain thermal, acoustic and densities adjusted as needed.
  • the plate 1 comprises a material 14 comprising a binder and aggregates aggregated within the binder .
  • the material 14 is housed within the filling area 4 and the devices 3 are embedded in the material 14.
  • the binder may include a cement. Thanks to the bodies 10 of the devices which delimit at least one closed cavity 11, it is guaranteed that the plate 1 has a residual volume, since the devices 3 are impermeable to the material 14 and prevents it from penetrating inside the cavities 11.
  • the material 14 makes it possible to increase the compressive strength of the plate 1.
  • the body 10 of the devices 3 is coated with an adhesive film 15 to mechanically bond the devices 3 between them and with the formwork 2.
  • the adhesive film 15 may include a mortar.
  • the devices 3 are coated with an adhesive film 15 which surrounds the external surface of the body 10 of the devices 3.
  • the plate 1 may include a protective cover 16 covering the filling area 4.
  • the protective cover 16 may be a cover as defined above. The protective cover 16 makes it possible to protect the devices 3 during the transport of the plate 1, in order to prevent the bodies 10 from breaking.
  • the body of the devices 3 may comprise a ceramic material. Ceramic offers good mechanical resistance to compression, and makes it possible to obtain lighter plates 1 than with devices made of metal.
  • the devices 8 can also be made of cement, or mortar, of raw clay, which are, like ceramic, materials having good mechanical resistance to compression.
  • the devices 3 can be made of metal, or of plastic.
  • the method comprises a step of using a system comprising two toothed wheels 20, 21. Also shown on the figure 12 , a front view of one of the wheels 20, 21.
  • Each wheel 20, 21 has at least two teeth 22 to 25.
  • a wheel 20, 21 has six teeth, as illustrated in the figure 8 .
  • a tooth 22 to 25 has a head 26 located at its top and a base 27.
  • the teeth 22 to 25 of the same wheel 20, 21 are placed at the periphery of the wheel 20, 21 and at a distance D from one another.
  • the distance D separates two bases 27 from two neighboring teeth 22, 23.
  • the distance D can be identical between two neighboring teeth of the wheel 20, 21.
  • the neighboring teeth 22, 23 and 24, 25 of the same wheel 20, 21 delimit a housing 28a, 28b intended to receive the body 10 of a device 3.
  • the wheels 20, 21 are mounted for rotation about axes of rotations R1, R2, which are parallel.
  • the wheels 20, 21 are also driven in opposite rotation and at the same speed of rotation.
  • the wheels 20, 21 are placed one beside the other and in such a way that two teeth 22, 24 of the respective two wheels 20, 21 come opposite one another each time the wheels 20, 21 perform a rotation.
  • the toothed wheels 20, 21 are rotated and the hollow tube 29 is translated in a direction 30 between the two wheels 20, 21.
  • the method is particularly suitable for manufacturing devices 3 whose body 10 is ceramic.
  • the ceramic is malleable before a firing step so as to be able to form the closed cavity 11 within the device 3, and because it becomes solid after firing to give the desired mechanical resistance to the plate 1.
  • the axes of rotation R1, R2 are horizontal so as to use the force of gravity to produce the devices 3.
  • the axes of rotation R1, R2 are vertical.
  • first teeth 23, 25 which are in facing relation cooperate with each other to form the first end 12 of a first device 3a.
  • the first end 12 is formed by crushing the malleable hollow tube 29, which closes a first end of the cavity 11.
  • the hollow tube 29 is found housed within the housings 28a, 28b of the wheels 20, 21 and is not crushed, which forms the body 10 of the first device 3a.
  • two second teeth 22, 24 which are opposite each other cooperate to form the second end 13 of the first device 3a.
  • the second end 13 is also formed by crushing the malleable hollow tube 29, which closes the second end of the cavity 11.
  • the wheels 20, 21 continue to rotate and advance the hollow tube 29.
  • the second teeth 22, 24 cut the second end 13 and push in the direction of translation 30 the first device 3a, while a second device 3b is in course of realization.
  • the head 26 of the teeth 22 to 25 can be pointed so as to form the ends 12, 13 of the devices 3 and to cut the hollow tube 29 to separate the devices 3a, 3b.
  • the method comprises a filling step in which one pours within the zone filling 4 a material 14 comprising a binder and aggregates for embedding the devices 3 within the material 14.
  • the invention which has just been described makes it possible to provide building elements particularly suitable for dwellings, such as buildings or houses.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)

Description

Domaine technique de l'inventionTechnical field of the invention

L'invention concerne les plaques de construction pour la réalisation d'ouvrage, et plus particulièrement des dalles et des parois.The invention relates to building plates for carrying out work, and more particularly to slabs and walls.

État de la techniqueState of the art

Actuellement, lors de la construction d'ouvrages, tels que des immeubles, des maisons, ou des hangars, on utilise des plaques qui peuvent être des dalles pour les fondations de l'ouvrage ou des parois pour construire les murs et les cloisons. Les parois sont placées à la verticale et les dalles sont, quant à elles, placées sur le sol ou un support situé au-dessus du sol pour réaliser des planchers.Currently, when constructing structures, such as buildings, houses, or hangars, plates are used which can be slabs for the foundations of the structure or walls to build the walls and partitions. The walls are placed vertically and the slabs are placed on the floor or a support located above the floor to make floors.

On peut citer les brevets américains US 2,369,006 et US 2,477,852 , qui divulguent des panneaux comprenant des éléments tubulaires.We can cite the American patents US 2,369,006 and US 2,477,852 , which disclose panels comprising tubular elements.

Les dalles sont généralement réalisées en béton. On coule alors le béton malléable au sein d'un coffrage et on attend son durcissement pour obtenir une surface plane adaptée pour recevoir un plancher, par exemple un plancher en bois, en carrelage, ... Mais ces dalles sont lourdes et doivent reposer sur une structure porteuse adaptée. Pour alléger les dalles en béton, on peut utiliser un béton léger composé de ciment, d'eau, de granulats, et de billes de polystyrène. On peut également utiliser un béton aéré dans lequel on injecte de l'air, lorsque le béton est à l'état liquide avant durcissement, pour créer des cavités. Mais on ne peut pas maîtriser avec précision la densité des dalles ainsi obtenues. En outre, ces dalles n'offrent pas une isolation thermique et acoustique suffisante.The slabs are generally made of concrete. We then pour the malleable concrete into a formwork and wait for its hardening to obtain a flat surface suitable for receiving a floor, for example a wooden floor, tiled floor, etc. But these slabs are heavy and must rest on a suitable supporting structure. To lighten the concrete slabs, it is possible to use a light concrete composed of cement, water, aggregates, and polystyrene balls. It is also possible to use aerated concrete into which air is injected, when the concrete is in the liquid state before hardening, to create cavities. However, the density of the slabs thus obtained cannot be precisely controlled. In addition, these tiles do not offer sufficient thermal and acoustic insulation.

Il existe des dalles, dites sèches, réalisées en déposant des granulats secs (généralement en argile), c'est-à-dire sans ciment, sur un support destiné à supporter un plancher. Le support peut être un terrain, lorsque le plancher est réalisé dans une cave d'un bâtiment, ou le support peut être une dalle en béton, un plancher en bois ou en carrelage pour des pièces d'habitation situées au-dessus du sol. Mais ces dalles sèches n'offrent pas non plus une isolation acoustique et thermique suffisante.There are so-called dry slabs produced by depositing dry aggregates (generally clay), that is to say without cement, on a support intended to support a floor. The support can be a ground, when the floor is made in a cellar of a building, or the support can be a concrete slab, a wooden or tiled floor for living rooms located above the ground. However, these dry tiles also do not offer sufficient acoustic and thermal insulation.

On peut citer la demande de brevet britannique GB 2 428 434 A , qui divulgue un plancher modulaire, comprenant des boîtes en plastique moulées creuses, ou des billes creuses. Le brevet américain US 3,831,335 divulgue une section de mur préfabriqué, comprenant des tubes creux et un matériau coulé autour des tubes. Le brevet américain US 4,068,429 divulgue une paroi comprenant des boîtes fermées pour contenir un gaz, comme de l'air ou de l'hélium, dans laquelle on injecte un mélange dans les espaces entre les boîtes pour attacher solidement les boîtes les unes aux autres.We can cite the British patent application GB 2 428 434 A , which discloses a modular floor, comprising hollow molded plastic boxes, or hollow balls. The American patent US 3,831,335 discloses a section of prefabricated wall, comprising hollow tubes and material poured around the tubes. The American patent US 4,068,429 discloses a wall comprising closed boxes to contain a gas, such as air or helium, into which a mixture is injected into the spaces between the boxes to securely attach the boxes to each other.

Objet de l'inventionSubject of the invention

Un objet de l'invention consiste à pallier ces inconvénients, et plus particulièrement à fournir des moyens pour améliorer l'isolation acoustique et thermique d'ouvrages.An object of the invention to overcome these drawbacks, and more particularly to provide means for improving the acoustic and thermal insulation of works.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, il est proposé une plaque de construction selon la revendication 1 pour la réalisation d'ouvrage, comprenant un coffrage délimitant une zone de remplissage, et une pluralité de dispositifs logés au sein de la zone de remplissage.According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a construction plate according to claim 1 for making a structure, comprising a formwork delimiting a filling zone, and a plurality of devices housed within the filling zone.

En particulier, chaque dispositif a un corps délimitant au moins une cavité fermée.In particular, each device has a body delimiting at least one closed cavity.

Ainsi, on peut réaliser tout type de plaque, telle une paroi ou une dalle, comprenant un volume résiduel d'air efficace pour augmenter l'isolation acoustique et thermique de l'ouvrage. Le volume résiduel correspond à la somme des volumes définis par les cavités fermées des dispositifs. On peut ainsi maîtriser les propriétés acoustiques et thermiques des plaques réalisées car on peut déterminer précisément le volume résiduel.Thus, any type of plate, such as a wall or a slab, can be produced, comprising a residual volume of air effective for increasing the acoustic and thermal insulation of the structure. The residual volume corresponds to the sum of the volumes defined by the closed cavities of the devices. We can thus control the acoustic and thermal properties of the plates produced because we can precisely determine the residual volume.

Selon un mode de réalisation qui ne fait pas partie de l'invention, la plaque peut comprendre un matériau comportant un liant et des granulats agrégés au sein du liant, le matériau étant logé au sein de la zone de remplissage et les dispositifs étant noyés au sein du matériau.According to an embodiment which is not part of the invention, the plate can comprise a material comprising a binder and aggregates aggregated within the binder, the material being housed within the filling zone and the devices being embedded in the within the material.

Le liant peut comporter un ciment.The binder may include a cement.

Selon l'invention, le corps des dispositifs est enduit d'une pellicule adhésive pour lier mécaniquement les dispositifs entre eux et avec le coffrage.According to the invention, the body of the devices is coated with an adhesive film to mechanically link the devices together and with the formwork.

La pellicule adhésive peut comprendre un mortier.The adhesive film may include a mortar.

Le corps des dispositifs peut comporter une matière céramique.The body of the devices may include a ceramic material.

Le corps des dispositifs peut comporter une matière plastique.The body of the devices may include a plastic material.

La plaque peut comprendre une couche de protection couvrant la zone de remplissage.The plate may include a protective layer covering the filling area.

Selon un autre aspect, il est proposé un procédé de fabrication d'une plaque de construction telle que définie ci-avant, comprenant les étapes suivantes :

  • fournir un coffrage délimitant une zone de remplissage, et
  • loger au sein de la zone de remplissage une pluralité de dispositifs ayant chacun un corps délimitant au moins une cavité fermée.
According to another aspect, a method of manufacturing a construction plate as defined above is proposed, comprising the following steps:
  • provide formwork defining a filling area, and
  • accommodating within the filling zone a plurality of devices each having a body delimiting at least one closed cavity.

Dans ledit procédé, le corps des dispositifs est enduit d'une pellicule adhésive pour lier mécaniquement les dispositifs entre eux et avec le coffrage.In said method, the body of the devices is coated with an adhesive film to mechanically bond the devices together and with the formwork.

Selon un mode de mise en œuvre qui ne fait pas partie de l'invention, le procédé peut comprendre une étape de remplissage dans laquelle on verse au sein de la zone de remplissage un matériau comportant un liant et des granulats pour noyer les dispositifs au sein du matériau.According to an embodiment which is not part of the invention, the method can comprise a filling step in which a material comprising a binder and aggregates is poured into the filling zone to drown the devices within of the material.

Description sommaire des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre de modes particuliers de réalisation et de mise en œuvre de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs et représentés aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1, illustre schématiquement une vue latérale en perspective d'un mode de réalisation d'une plaque de construction ;
  • la figure 2, illustre schématiquement une vue de dessus en perspective de la plaque illustrée à la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3, illustre schématiquement une vue en perspective d'un mode de réalisation d'un dispositif ayant un corps délimitant au moins une cavité fermée ;
  • la figure 4, illustre schématiquement une vue en coupe du dispositif illustré à la figure 3 ;
  • la figure 5, illustre schématiquement une vue antérieure gauche du dispositif illustré à la figure 3 ;
  • la figure 6, illustre de façon schématique une vue latérale en perspective d'un mode de réalisation d'une plaque de construction qui ne fait pas partie de l'invention ;
  • la figure 7, illustre de façon schématique une vue latérale en perspective d'un autre mode de réalisation d'une plaque de construction ;
  • les figures 8 à 11, illustrent de façon schématique des vues en perspective des principales étapes d'un procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif ayant un corps délimitant au moins une cavité fermée ; et
  • la figure 12, illustre de façon schématique une vue latérale en perspective d'une roue dentée.
Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the description which follows of particular embodiments and implementation of the invention given by way of nonlimiting examples and represented in the appended drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 , schematically illustrates a side perspective view of an embodiment of a building plate;
  • the figure 2 , schematically illustrates a perspective view from above of the plate illustrated in the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 3 , schematically illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of a device having a body delimiting at least one closed cavity;
  • the figure 4 , schematically illustrates a sectional view of the device illustrated in the figure 3 ;
  • the figure 5 , schematically illustrates a left front view of the device illustrated in the figure 3 ;
  • the figure 6 , schematically illustrates a side perspective view of an embodiment of a building plate which is not part of the invention;
  • the figure 7 , schematically illustrates a side perspective view of another embodiment of a building plate;
  • the figures 8 to 11 , schematically illustrate perspective views of the main steps of a method of manufacturing a device having a body delimiting at least one closed cavity; and
  • the figure 12 , schematically illustrates a side perspective view of a toothed wheel.

Description détailléedetailed description

Sur les figures 1 et 2, on a représenté une plaque de construction 1 pour la réalisation d'un ouvrage. L'ouvrage peut être un immeuble, une maison, un hangar, ... La plaque 1 comporte un coffrage 2 et plusieurs dispositifs 3. Le coffrage 2 délimite une zone de remplissage 4. Le coffrage 2 peut avoir une forme variée et une épaisseur variée. De manière générale, le coffrage 2 comporte au moins un élément longitudinal 5 à 8, c'est-à-dire ayant une longueur supérieure à sa hauteur et à sa largeur. Par exemple, le coffrage 2 peut comprendre un seul élément longitudinal 5 à 8 décrivant une courbe fermée, comme un cercle, une ellipse, une courbe ovoïde, un triangle, un quadrilatère ou une courbe polygonale. De préférence, le coffrage 2 comporte quatre éléments longitudinaux 5 à 8 fixés entre eux pour décrire une courbe fermée afin de délimiter la zone de remplissage 4. On obtient ainsi un coffrage 2 parallélépipédique. Préférentiellement, le coffrage 2 est ouvert pour permettre le remplissage de la zone de remplissage 4 avec les dispositifs 3. En outre, les éléments longitudinaux 5 à 8 peuvent être fixés entre eux de façon que le coffrage 2 présente deux surfaces opposées planes S, T. Ces surfaces S, T peuvent être ouvertes ou partiellement fermées par respectivement deux éléments de coffrage supplémentaires, tels des couvercles fixés sur les éléments longitudinaux 5, 8. Par ailleurs, le coffrage 2 peut comprendre un unique couvercle 16, comme illustré sur la figure 7, pour fermer totalement ou partiellement une surface S, T. En variante, le coffrage 2 comporte deux couvercles fermant respectivement les deux surfaces S, T, partiellement ou totalement. Lorsque les couvercles ferment totalement les surfaces S, T, on obtient un coffrage fermé. Un élément longitudinal 5 à 8 peut être une poutre, un mur ou une cloison. Le coffrage 2 est destiné à être posé sur une structure porteuse 9. La structure porteuse 9 peut être le terrain, un plancher, une dalle en béton. En variante, les éléments longitudinaux 5 à 8 peuvent être incurvés, ainsi que les couvercles le cas échéant, pour former un coffrage 2 incurvé adapté aux irrégularités de la structure porteuse 9.On the Figures 1 and 2 , there is shown a construction plate 1 for the realization of a work. The structure can be a building, a house, a shed, ... The plate 1 comprises a formwork 2 and several devices 3. The formwork 2 defines a filling area 4. The formwork 2 can have a varied shape and a thickness varied. In general, the formwork 2 comprises at least one longitudinal element 5 to 8, that is to say having a length greater than its height and its width. For example, the formwork 2 may comprise a single longitudinal element 5 to 8 describing a closed curve, such as a circle, an ellipse, an ovoid curve, a triangle, a quadrilateral or a polygonal curve. Preferably, the formwork 2 comprises four longitudinal elements 5 to 8 fixed together to describe a closed curve in order to delimit the filling area 4. This gives a parallelepipedic formwork 2. Preferably, the formwork 2 is open to allow filling of the filling area 4 with the devices 3. In addition, the longitudinal elements 5 to 8 can be fixed together so that the formwork 2 has two opposite flat surfaces S, T These surfaces S, T can be open or partially closed by two respectively additional formwork elements, such as covers fixed on the longitudinal elements 5, 8. Furthermore, the formwork 2 may comprise a single cover 16, as illustrated in the figure 7 , to completely or partially close a surface S, T. As a variant, the formwork 2 comprises two covers respectively closing the two surfaces S, T, partially or completely. When the covers completely close the surfaces S, T, a closed formwork is obtained. A longitudinal element 5 to 8 can be a beam, a wall or a partition. The formwork 2 is intended to be placed on a support structure 9. The support structure 9 can be the ground, a floor, a concrete slab. As a variant, the longitudinal elements 5 to 8 can be curved, as well as the covers if necessary, to form a curved formwork 2 adapted to the irregularities of the supporting structure 9.

Par ailleurs, les dispositifs 3 sont logés au sein de la zone de remplissage 4. Ils remplissent en tout ou partie la zone de remplissage 4. Par exemple, leur distribution au sein de la plaque 1 peut être ordonnée. De préférence, les dispositifs 3 sont logés de manière désordonnée pour faciliter la fabrication de la plaque 1. Autrement dit les dispositifs 3 peuvent être désalignés, non coaxiaux, etc. En particulier, chaque dispositif 3 a un corps 10 délimitant au moins une cavité fermée 11, illustrée à la figure 4. On entend par cavité 11, un espace vide logé à l'intérieur du corps 10 du dispositif 3. On entend par cavité fermée 11, un espace vide enfermé à l'intérieur du dispositif 3. La cavité 11 forme un volume contenant un gaz, de préférence de l'air. Les corps 10 des dispositifs 3 occupent un volume, noté volume d'occupation, au sein de la plaque 1, et les cavités 11 garantissent un volume inoccupé, noté volume résiduel, correspondant à la somme des volumes définis par les cavités 11 de chacun des dispositifs 3. Ainsi, on fournit une plaque 1 ayant un volume résiduel qui améliore les propriétés acoustiques et thermiques.Furthermore, the devices 3 are housed within the filling area 4. They fill all or part of the filling area 4. For example, their distribution within the plate 1 can be ordered. Preferably, the devices 3 are housed in a disorderly manner to facilitate the manufacture of the plate 1. In other words, the devices 3 can be misaligned, non-coaxial, etc. In particular, each device 3 has a body 10 delimiting at least one closed cavity 11, illustrated in the figure 4 . The term “cavity 11” means an empty space housed inside the body 10 of the device 3. The term “closed cavity 11” means an empty space enclosed inside the device 3. The cavity 11 forms a volume containing a gas, preferably air. The bodies 10 of the devices 3 occupy a volume, denoted occupancy volume, within the plate 1, and the cavities 11 guarantee an unoccupied volume, denoted residual volume, corresponding to the sum of the volumes defined by the cavities 11 of each of the devices 3. Thus, a plate 1 is provided having a residual volume which improves the acoustic and thermal properties.

On peut ainsi créer des plaques 1 qui pourront être utilisées pour réaliser des parois ou des dalles. Grâce à l'épaisseur des corps 10 des dispositifs 3, on offre une plaque 1 ayant une résistance mécanique à la compression suffisante. Lorsque les corps 10 sont réalisés en céramique, on fournit des plaques 1 ayant une bonne tenue au feu, car la céramique est un matériau incombustible. Du fait du volume résiduel créé par les cavités 11 au sein des dispositifs 3, on augmente les propriétés thermiques de la plaque 1, car l'air est un isolant thermique. Par ailleurs, l'épaisseur des parois des corps 10 des dispositifs 3 et les cavités 11 situées au sein des parois participent à améliorer les propriétés acoustiques des plaques 1. En effet, la succession paroi, cavité 11, paroi, des dispositifs 3 permet d'atténuer les ondes acoustiques qui traversent la plaque 1. En outre, le volume résiduel créé par l'ensemble des dispositifs 3 allège la plaque 1. Avantageusement, des espaces sont créés entre les dispositifs 3, ce qui offre une propriété de drainage pour laisser passer les liquides par gravité qui pourraient s'infiltrer dans la plaque 1. On peut également connaître avec précision le volume de chaque cavité 11 et ainsi déterminer un volume résiduel précis, ce qui permet de maîtriser les propriétés thermiques, acoustiques et la densité de la plaque 1.We can thus create plates 1 which can be used to make walls or slabs. Thanks to the thickness of the bodies 10 of the devices 3, a plate 1 is provided having sufficient mechanical resistance to compression. When the bodies 10 are made of ceramic, plates 1 are provided which have good fire resistance, since ceramic is a non-combustible material. Due to the residual volume created by the cavities 11 within the devices 3, the thermal properties of the plate 1 are increased, since air is a thermal insulator. Furthermore, the thickness of the walls of the bodies 10 of the devices 3 and the cavities 11 located within the walls participate in improving the acoustic properties of the plates 1. In fact, the succession of wall, cavity 11, wall, of the devices 3 makes it possible to 'attenuate the acoustic waves which pass through the plate 1. In addition, the residual volume created by all of the devices 3 lightens the plate 1. Advantageously, spaces are created between the devices 3, which offers a drainage property to leave pass the liquids by gravity which could infiltrate into the plate 1. It is also possible to know with precision the volume of each cavity 11 and thus determine a precise residual volume, which makes it possible to control the thermal, acoustic properties and the density of the plate 1.

Les figures 3 à 5 illustrent un mode de réalisation d'un dispositif 3. Selon ce mode de réalisation, le dispositif 3 a un corps 10 délimitant au moins une cavité fermée 11. Le corps 10 du dispositif 3 est en particulier étanche aux liquides, par exemple à l'eau ou au mortier en phase liquide avant durcissement. Par exemple, le corps 10 du dispositif 3 s'étend selon un axe longitudinal A du dispositif 3 et comporte deux extrémités fermées 12, 13. Les extrémités fermées 12, 13 peuvent avoir, chacune, une forme linéaire. Préférentiellement, les extrémités 12, 13 sont parallèles entre elles. Par exemple, le corps 10 du dispositif 3 a une forme cylindrique. On entend ici par cylindre, un solide limité par une surface cylindrique engendrée par une droite, notée génératrice, parcourant une courbe plane fermée, notée directrice, et deux plans coupant les génératrices. En particulier, le corps 10 peut avoir une forme d'un tube. Le corps du dispositif 3 peut également délimiter plusieurs cavités 11, communicant entre elles ou non. Avantageusement, les cavités fermées 11 empêchent les dispositifs 3 de s'imbriquer les uns dans les autres, quelle que soit leur taille et leur forme. Les dimensions des dispositifs 3 sont ajustables. Par exemple, chaque dispositif 8 a une longueur comprise entre 30 et 100 mm, et de préférence égale à 50 mm. La longueur du dispositif 3 correspond à la distance entre les deux extrémités 12, 13. La longueur de la partie cylindrique du corps 3, peut être comprise entre 20 et 90 mm. Dans ce cas, chaque extrémité 12, 13 peut avoir une longueur égale à 5 mm. Par exemple, le diamètre extérieur de la partie cylindrique du corps 3, peut être comprise entre 10 et 40 mm. Avantageusement, le diamètre intérieur de la partie cylindrique du corps 3, peut être comprise entre 8 et 38 mm. Dans ce cas, l'épaisseur de la paroi du corps 3 peut être égale à 2 mm.The figures 3 to 5 illustrate an embodiment of a device 3. According to this embodiment, the device 3 has a body 10 delimiting at least one closed cavity 11. The body 10 of the device 3 is in particular liquid-tight, for example water or mortar in liquid phase before hardening. For example, the body 10 of the device 3 extends along a longitudinal axis A of the device 3 and has two closed ends 12, 13. The closed ends 12, 13 may each have a linear shape. Preferably, the ends 12, 13 are parallel to each other. For example, the body 10 of the device 3 has a cylindrical shape. The term “cylinder” is understood here to mean a solid limited by a cylindrical surface generated by a straight line, denoted generator, traversing a closed planar curve, denoted director, and two planes intersecting the generatrices. In particular, the body 10 may have the shape of a tube. The body of the device 3 can also define several cavities 11, communicating with each other or not. Advantageously, the closed cavities 11 prevent the devices 3 from nesting into each other, whatever their size and shape. The dimensions of the devices 3 are adjustable. For example, each device 8 has a length between 30 and 100 mm, and preferably equal to 50 mm. The length of the device 3 corresponds to the distance between the two ends 12, 13. The length of the cylindrical part of the body 3 can be between 20 and 90 mm. In this case, each end 12, 13 can have a length equal to 5 mm. For example, the outside diameter of the cylindrical part of the body 3 can be between 10 and 40 mm. Advantageously, the internal diameter of the cylindrical part of the body 3 can be between 8 and 38 mm. In this case, the thickness of the wall of the body 3 can be equal to 2 mm.

Préférentiellement, la plaque 1 comporte uniquement des dispositifs 3 ayant chacun une cavité fermée 11. On peut faire varier l'épaisseur des parois, le diamètre interne et externe et la longueur des corps 10 des dispositifs 3, pour obtenir des propriétés thermiques, acoustiques et des densités ajustées en fonction des besoins.Preferably, the plate 1 only comprises devices 3 each having a closed cavity 11. The thickness of the walls, the internal and external diameter and the length of the bodies 10 of the devices 3 can be varied, in order to obtain thermal, acoustic and densities adjusted as needed.

Sur la figure 6, on a représenté un autre mode de réalisation de la plaque de construction 1. Selon ce mode de réalisation, qui ne fait pas partie de l'invention, la plaque 1 comprend un matériau 14 comportant un liant et des granulats agrégés au sein du liant. Le matériau 14 est logé au sein de la zone de remplissage 4 et les dispositifs 3 sont noyés au sein du matériau 14. Le liant peut comporter un ciment. Grâce aux corps 10 des dispositifs qui délimitent au moins une cavité fermée 11, on garantit que la plaque 1 comporte un volume résiduel, car les dispositifs 3 sont étanches au matériau 14 et l'empêche de pénétrer à l'intérieur des cavités 11. Le matériau 14 permet d'augmenter la résistance à la compression de la plaque 1.On the figure 6 , another embodiment of the construction plate 1 has been shown. According to this embodiment, which is not part of the invention, the plate 1 comprises a material 14 comprising a binder and aggregates aggregated within the binder . The material 14 is housed within the filling area 4 and the devices 3 are embedded in the material 14. The binder may include a cement. Thanks to the bodies 10 of the devices which delimit at least one closed cavity 11, it is guaranteed that the plate 1 has a residual volume, since the devices 3 are impermeable to the material 14 and prevents it from penetrating inside the cavities 11. The material 14 makes it possible to increase the compressive strength of the plate 1.

Sur la figure 7, on a représenté un autre mode de réalisation de la plaque de construction 1. Selon cet autre mode de réalisation, qui fait partie de l'invention, le corps 10 des dispositifs 3 est enduit d'une pellicule adhésive 15 pour lier mécaniquement les dispositifs 3 entre eux et avec le coffrage 2. La pellicule adhésive 15 peut comprendre un mortier. En d'autres termes, les dispositifs 3 sont enrobés d'une pellicule adhésive 15 qui entoure la surface extérieure du corps 10 des dispositifs 3. Ainsi, on offre une plaque 1 autoportante, c'est-à-dire dont la stabilité est assurée par la seule rigidité de ses éléments 2, 3, à savoir son coffrage 2 dont les éléments sont fixés entre eux et ses dispositifs 3 liés mécaniquement entre eux et avec le coffrage 2. On peut ainsi fournir des plaques 1 préfabriquées dont la réalisation peut être maîtrisée et pour faciliter la construction d'ouvrages.On the figure 7 , there is shown another embodiment of the building plate 1. According to this other embodiment, which is part of the invention, the body 10 of the devices 3 is coated with an adhesive film 15 to mechanically bond the devices 3 between them and with the formwork 2. The adhesive film 15 may include a mortar. In other words, the devices 3 are coated with an adhesive film 15 which surrounds the external surface of the body 10 of the devices 3. Thus, a self-supporting plate 1 is offered, that is to say whose stability is ensured by the sole rigidity of its elements 2, 3, namely its formwork 2, the elements of which are fixed together and its devices 3 mechanically linked together and with the formwork 2. It is thus possible to provide prefabricated plates 1 whose production can be controlled and to facilitate the construction of works.

Pour enduire les corps 10 des dispositifs d'une pellicule adhésive 15, on peut, par exemple, verser les dispositifs 3 dans du mortier et utiliser un tamis pour éliminer le surplus de mortier. Dans ce cas, une pellicule externe de mortier 15 enrobe la surface externe des dispositifs 3. Ainsi, la cavité fermée 11 est protégée et son volume reste inchangé. La plaque 1 peut comprendre un couvercle de protection 16 couvrant la zone de remplissage 4. Le couvercle de protection 16 peut être un couvercle comme défini ci-avant. Le couvercle de protection 16 permet de protéger les dispositifs 3 pendant le transport de la plaque 1, afin d'éviter que les corps 10 se brisent.To coat the bodies 10 of the devices with an adhesive film 15, it is possible, for example, to pour the devices 3 into mortar and use a sieve to remove the excess mortar. In this case, an external mortar film 15 coats the external surface of the devices 3. Thus, the closed cavity 11 is protected and its volume remains unchanged. The plate 1 may include a protective cover 16 covering the filling area 4. The protective cover 16 may be a cover as defined above. The protective cover 16 makes it possible to protect the devices 3 during the transport of the plate 1, in order to prevent the bodies 10 from breaking.

Plus particulièrement, le corps des dispositifs 3 peut comporter une matière céramique. La céramique offre une bonne résistance mécanique à la compression, et permet d'obtenir des plaques 1 plus légères qu'avec des dispositifs réalisés en métal. Les dispositifs 8 peuvent également être réalisés en ciment, ou en mortier, en argile crue, qui sont, tout comme la céramique, des matériaux ayant une bonne résistance mécanique à la compression. En variante, les dispositifs 3 peuvent être réalisés en métal, ou en matière plastique.More particularly, the body of the devices 3 may comprise a ceramic material. Ceramic offers good mechanical resistance to compression, and makes it possible to obtain lighter plates 1 than with devices made of metal. The devices 8 can also be made of cement, or mortar, of raw clay, which are, like ceramic, materials having good mechanical resistance to compression. As a variant, the devices 3 can be made of metal, or of plastic.

Sur les figures 8 à 11, on a représenté les principales étapes d'un mode de mise en œuvre d'un procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif 3 ayant un corps 10 délimitant au moins une cavité fermée 11. Ce procédé en tant que tel ne fait pas partie de l'invention. Cependant les dispositifs 3 fabriqués selon ce procédé peuvent être utilisés pour la fabrication d'une plaque selon l'invention.On the figures 8 to 11 , the main steps of an embodiment of a method of manufacturing a device 3 having a body 10 delimiting at least one closed cavity 11 have been shown. This method as such is not part of the 'invention. However, the devices 3 manufactured according to this method can be used for the manufacture of a plate according to the invention.

Le procédé comprend une étape d'utilisation d'un système comprenant deux roues dentées 20, 21. On a également représenté sur la figure 12, une vue de face d'une des roues 20, 21. Chaque roue 20, 21 comporte au moins deux dents 22 à 25. Par exemple une roue 20, 21 comporte six dents, comme illustré sur la figure 8. Une dent 22 à 25 comporte une tête 26 située à son sommet et une base 27. Les dents 22 à 25 d'une même roue 20, 21 sont placées à la périphérie de la roue 20, 21 et à une distance D l'une de l'autre. La distance D sépare deux bases 27 de deux dents voisines 22, 23. Lorsque la roue 20, 21 comprend plus que deux dents 22 à 25, la distance D peut être identique entre deux dents voisines de la roue 20, 21. Les dents voisines 22, 23 et 24, 25 d'une même roue 20, 21 délimitent un logement 28a, 28b destiné à recevoir le corps 10 d'un dispositif 3. En outre, les roues 20, 21 sont montées à rotation autour d'axes de rotations R1, R2, qui sont parallèles. Les roues 20, 21 sont en outre animées en rotation en sens contraire et à la même vitesse de rotation. En particulier, les roues 20, 21 sont placées l'une à côté de l'autre et de manière que deux dents 22, 24 des deux roues respectives 20, 21 viennent en regard l'une de l'autre à chaque fois que les roues 20, 21 effectuent un tour de rotation.The method comprises a step of using a system comprising two toothed wheels 20, 21. Also shown on the figure 12 , a front view of one of the wheels 20, 21. Each wheel 20, 21 has at least two teeth 22 to 25. For example a wheel 20, 21 has six teeth, as illustrated in the figure 8 . A tooth 22 to 25 has a head 26 located at its top and a base 27. The teeth 22 to 25 of the same wheel 20, 21 are placed at the periphery of the wheel 20, 21 and at a distance D from one another. The distance D separates two bases 27 from two neighboring teeth 22, 23. When the wheel 20, 21 comprises more than two teeth 22 to 25, the distance D can be identical between two neighboring teeth of the wheel 20, 21. The neighboring teeth 22, 23 and 24, 25 of the same wheel 20, 21 delimit a housing 28a, 28b intended to receive the body 10 of a device 3. In addition, the wheels 20, 21 are mounted for rotation about axes of rotations R1, R2, which are parallel. The wheels 20, 21 are also driven in opposite rotation and at the same speed of rotation. In particular, the wheels 20, 21 are placed one beside the other and in such a way that two teeth 22, 24 of the respective two wheels 20, 21 come opposite one another each time the wheels 20, 21 perform a rotation.

Le procédé comprend les étapes suivantes :

  • placer les deux roues dentées 20, 21 l'une à côté de l'autre ;
  • animer en rotation les deux roues dentées 20, 21 en sens contraire de manière que deux dents voisines 22, 23 d'une première roue 20 sont placées en regard des deux dents voisines 24, 25 de la deuxième roue 21 au moins à chaque tour d'une roue 20, 21 ; et
  • translater un tube creux 29 entre les deux roues 20, 21 pour réaliser le dispositif 3.
The process includes the following steps:
  • placing the two toothed wheels 20, 21 one beside the other;
  • animate in rotation the two toothed wheels 20, 21 in opposite directions so that two neighboring teeth 22, 23 of a first wheel 20 are placed opposite the two neighboring teeth 24, 25 of the second wheel 21 at least at each revolution d 'a wheel 20, 21; and
  • translate a hollow tube 29 between the two wheels 20, 21 to make the device 3.

En d'autres termes, on anime en rotation les roues dentées 20, 21 et on translate le tube creux 29 selon une direction 30 entre les deux roues 20, 21. Le procédé est particulièrement adapté pour fabriquer des dispositifs 3 dont le corps 10 est en céramique. La céramique est malléable avant une étape de cuisson de manière à pouvoir former la cavité fermée 11 au sein du dispositif 3, et car elle devient solide après la cuisson pour donner la résistance mécanique souhaitée à la plaque 1.In other words, the toothed wheels 20, 21 are rotated and the hollow tube 29 is translated in a direction 30 between the two wheels 20, 21. The method is particularly suitable for manufacturing devices 3 whose body 10 is ceramic. The ceramic is malleable before a firing step so as to be able to form the closed cavity 11 within the device 3, and because it becomes solid after firing to give the desired mechanical resistance to the plate 1.

De préférence, les axes de rotation R1, R2 sont horizontaux de manière à utiliser la force de gravité pour réaliser les dispositifs 3. En variante, les axes de rotation R1, R2 sont verticaux.Preferably, the axes of rotation R1, R2 are horizontal so as to use the force of gravity to produce the devices 3. As a variant, the axes of rotation R1, R2 are vertical.

De façon générale, comme illustré à la figure 9, lorsqu'on anime en rotation les deux roues 20, 21, deux premières dents 23, 25 qui se trouvent en vis-à-vis coopèrent entre elles pour former la première extrémité 12 d'un premier dispositif 3a. La formation de la première extrémité 12 est réalisée en écrasant le tube creux 29 malléable, ce qui ferme une première extrémité de la cavité 11. Puis, comme illustré sur la figure 10, le tube creux 29 se retrouve logé au sein des logements 28a, 28b des roues 20, 21 et n'est pas écrasé, ce qui forme le corps 10 du premier dispositif 3a. En même temps, deux deuxièmes dents 22, 24 qui se trouvent en vis-à-vis coopèrent entre elles pour former la deuxième extrémité 13 du premier dispositif 3a. La formation de la deuxième extrémité 13 est également réalisée en écrasant le tube creux 29 malléable, ce qui ferme la deuxième extrémité de la cavité 11. Puis, comme illustré sur la figure 11, les roues 20, 21 continuent à tourner et font progresser le tube creux 29. Les deuxièmes dents 22, 24 coupent la deuxième extrémité 13 et poussent selon le sens de translation 30 le premier dispositif 3a, pendant qu'un deuxième dispositif 3b est en cours de réalisation. La tête 26 des dents 22 à 25 peut être pointue de manière à former les extrémités 12, 13 des dispositifs 3 et à couper le tube creux 29 pour séparer les dispositifs 3a, 3b.In general, as illustrated in the figure 9 , when the two wheels 20, 21 are driven in rotation, two first teeth 23, 25 which are in facing relation cooperate with each other to form the first end 12 of a first device 3a. The first end 12 is formed by crushing the malleable hollow tube 29, which closes a first end of the cavity 11. Then, as illustrated in the figure 10 , the hollow tube 29 is found housed within the housings 28a, 28b of the wheels 20, 21 and is not crushed, which forms the body 10 of the first device 3a. At the same time, two second teeth 22, 24 which are opposite each other cooperate to form the second end 13 of the first device 3a. The second end 13 is also formed by crushing the malleable hollow tube 29, which closes the second end of the cavity 11. Then, as illustrated in the figure 11 , the wheels 20, 21 continue to rotate and advance the hollow tube 29. The second teeth 22, 24 cut the second end 13 and push in the direction of translation 30 the first device 3a, while a second device 3b is in course of realization. The head 26 of the teeth 22 to 25 can be pointed so as to form the ends 12, 13 of the devices 3 and to cut the hollow tube 29 to separate the devices 3a, 3b.

De manière générale, le procédé de fabrication d'une plaque de construction 1 pour la réalisation d'un ouvrage, comprend les étapes suivantes :

  • fournir un coffrage 2 délimitant une zone de remplissage 4, et
  • loger au sein de la zone de remplissage 4 une pluralité de dispositifs 3 ayant chacun un corps 10 délimitant au moins une cavité fermée 11.
In general, the method of manufacturing a construction plate 1 for the production of a structure, comprises the following steps:
  • provide a formwork 2 delimiting a filling area 4, and
  • accommodating within the filling zone 4 a plurality of devices 3 each having a body 10 delimiting at least one closed cavity 11.

Selon un mode de mise en œuvre qui ne fait pas partie de l'invention, le procédé comprend une étape de remplissage dans laquelle on verse au sein de la zone de remplissage 4 un matériau 14 comportant un liant et des granulats pour noyer les dispositifs 3 au sein du matériau 14.According to an embodiment which is not part of the invention, the method comprises a filling step in which one pours within the zone filling 4 a material 14 comprising a binder and aggregates for embedding the devices 3 within the material 14.

L'invention qui vient d'être décrite permet de fournir des éléments de construction particulièrement adaptés pour des habitations, telles que des immeubles ou des maisons.The invention which has just been described makes it possible to provide building elements particularly suitable for dwellings, such as buildings or houses.

Claims (6)

  1. Building board for producing a structure, comprising a framework (2) demarcating a filling area (4), and a plurality of devices (3) housed within the filling area (4), each device (3) having a body (10) having a cylindrical shape and demarcating at least one closed cavity (11),
    characterised in that the body (10) of the devices (3) is coated with an adhesive film (15) to mechanically bond the devices (3) to one another and with the framework (2).
  2. Board according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive film (15) comprises a mortar.
  3. Board according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the body (10) of the devices (3) comprises a ceramic material.
  4. Board according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the body (10) of the devices (3) comprises a plastic material.
  5. Board according to one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a protective cover (16) covering the filling area (4).
  6. Method for manufacturing a building board according to one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps:
    - providing a framework (2) demarcating a filling area (4),
    - housing a plurality of devices (3) in the filling area (4), each device having a body (10) having a cylindrical shape and demarcating at least one closed cavity (11),
    characterised in that the body (10) of the devices (3) is coated with an adhesive film (15) to mechanically bond the devices (3) to one another and with the framework (2).
EP17199030.2A 2016-10-27 2017-10-27 Building board for producing a structure and method for manufacturing such a board Active EP3315680B8 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1660420A FR3058169B1 (en) 2016-10-27 2016-10-27 CONSTRUCTION PLATE FOR CARRYING OUT WORK, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING DEVICE INTEGRATED IN BUILDING PLATE, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH PLATE

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EP3315680A2 EP3315680A2 (en) 2018-05-02
EP3315680A3 EP3315680A3 (en) 2018-08-22
EP3315680B1 true EP3315680B1 (en) 2020-04-01
EP3315680B8 EP3315680B8 (en) 2020-05-13

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EP17199030.2A Active EP3315680B8 (en) 2016-10-27 2017-10-27 Building board for producing a structure and method for manufacturing such a board
EP17199047.6A Withdrawn EP3315681A1 (en) 2016-10-27 2017-10-27 Method for manufacturing a hollow element

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17199047.6A Withdrawn EP3315681A1 (en) 2016-10-27 2017-10-27 Method for manufacturing a hollow element

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EP (2) EP3315680B8 (en)
FR (2) FR3058169B1 (en)

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CH470949A (en) * 1967-01-31 1969-04-15 Weibel & Dall O Process for the production of hollow spheres from ceramic material and device for carrying out the process
US3831335A (en) * 1972-11-15 1974-08-27 T Ary Prefabricated cast reinforced framed concrete wall section with clips to attach the frame to the reinforcing
US4068429A (en) * 1975-04-21 1978-01-17 Moore Alvin E Wall and wall part
WO1988001325A1 (en) * 1986-08-14 1988-02-25 Unan Pty Ltd. Modular building system
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JP2004190332A (en) * 2002-12-11 2004-07-08 Tomuko:Kk Construction method for hollow concrete slab, and embedded material used for the construction method
FR2856092B1 (en) * 2003-06-16 2006-12-29 Rector ENLEGANT ELEMENT FOR ELEGI CONCRETE FLOORS, PREFABRICATED PRECAST CONCRETE SLAB AND ELEGI CONCRETE FLOORS.
GB2428434A (en) * 2005-07-22 2007-01-31 Henley Consultants Ltd Modular floor units
GB2430945A (en) * 2005-10-08 2007-04-11 Henley Consultants Ltd Modular composite floor units
AU2012209370B2 (en) * 2011-01-25 2017-03-09 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Extrusion process for proppant production
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3315681A1 (en) 2018-05-02
EP3315680A3 (en) 2018-08-22
FR3058170A1 (en) 2018-05-04
EP3315680B8 (en) 2020-05-13
FR3058169A1 (en) 2018-05-04
EP3315680A2 (en) 2018-05-02
FR3058169B1 (en) 2019-11-29

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