EP0814221B1 - Process for fabricating a concrete mast, apparatus for carrying out the process and mast obtained therefrom - Google Patents

Process for fabricating a concrete mast, apparatus for carrying out the process and mast obtained therefrom Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0814221B1
EP0814221B1 EP97109519A EP97109519A EP0814221B1 EP 0814221 B1 EP0814221 B1 EP 0814221B1 EP 97109519 A EP97109519 A EP 97109519A EP 97109519 A EP97109519 A EP 97109519A EP 0814221 B1 EP0814221 B1 EP 0814221B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mould
elements
concrete
collars
cone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP97109519A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0814221A1 (en
Inventor
René Beck
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Gram SA
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Gram SA
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/16—Prestressed structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/04—Discharging the shaped articles
    • B28B13/06—Removing the shaped articles from moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
    • B28B23/18—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members for the production of elongated articles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/02—Structures made of specified materials
    • E04H12/12—Structures made of specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material, with or without internal or external reinforcements, e.g. with metal coverings, with permanent form elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a manufacturing process of concrete masts as well as a device for the implementation of this process.
  • This invention relates to also the concrete masts directly obtained by the implementation of said method.
  • This process is particularly suitable for the manufacture of masts of considerable length which cannot be made in a single part, or masts which, due to constraints inherent in their transport or storage, must be carried out in several elements.
  • masts having at one of their ends a female cone intended to receive a male cone from one end of another mast, these cones being of dimensions specific corresponding so that during the introduction of the male cone of an element in the female cone of another element, we obtain an assembly with the less play possible.
  • the angle at the top of the cone is chosen to make a self-locking coupling.
  • This technique which requires great dimensional accuracy male and female cones of the elements cannot be used, for precast concrete elements by centrifugation, only if these cones are made beforehand in precise molds then incorporated into the structural element during its centrifugation. It is indeed impossible to obtain cones, and in particular female cones having the dimensional accuracy required by centrifugation.
  • This technique due to the precision required, is too expensive for the production of prefabricated masts concrete by centrifugation. It still has the disadvantage to require the welding of metal reinforcements from the mast to those of the cone during the installation of these last.
  • Another technique for producing concrete masts either by centrifugation or by vibration on a vibrating table consists of using metal cones respectively male and female at the ends of the mast elements. These metal cones act as a lost mold and remain integrated in the elements constituting the mast after its manufacturing and its coupling. To reduce costs production of such masts, we made these metal cones in rolled sheets with the disadvantage that these cones are not very precise. The two reported items are in contact with the joint and due to imprecision it is necessary to fill the space between the female cone and the male cone by injecting concrete or any other material curable in order to guarantee good transmission of forces bending and twisting.
  • the object of the present invention is to obviate the drawbacks mentioned above and to offer a process for manufacture of structural elements to make masts concrete both by centrifugation and by vibration which does not require a lost mold and which allows mating different elements of the precise mast, without play and therefore without injection during assembly and which is capable of effectively transmit bending and shearing forces and twist.
  • Another object of the invention relates to a device allowing the implementation of the process mentioned above and which is distinguished by the characteristics listed in claim 6.
  • the invention also relates to precast concrete masts. directly obtained by said process.
  • Figure 1 illustrates two elements 1,2 shuttered and put in place on a bench to be concreted.
  • Element 1 will be referenced as the female element and element 2 as the male element.
  • the length of each element 1,2 can be for example about twenty meters and their section be circular, oval, elliptical or polygonal. To decrease the weight of these items they are usually hollow.
  • the body of elements 1,2 is presented under the form of a prismatic or cylindrical concrete tube which can be fitted with longitudinal metal reinforcements 3 and transverse 4 closed on themselves in order to reinforce elements 1,2.
  • a metal mold 5 in one part is put in place before concreting between the two elements 1.2 of the mast. This mold 5 is in the form a truncated cone closed at one of its ends.
  • annular flanges 6,7 are arranged close to the open end of the mold 5. These flanges 6,7 are directed outward perpendicular to the axis of truncated cone revolution. At its opposite end, the mold 5 is closed by a bottom 8.
  • a second disc 9 made double bottom office. The bottom of the mold 8 and the disc 9 are spaced a distance roughly equivalent to that separating the two flanges 6,7 in the longitudinal direction. It is obvious that the double bottom of the mold can be realized in different ways such as being consisting of the bottom 8 and a plug of a suitable material like SAGEX (registered trademark) for example which would fill the space shown in the drawing between the bottom 8 and the disc 9.
  • the flanges 6,7 are provided with holes distributed at regular intervals around their edges. These holes 10 cooperate on the one hand with positioning devices angular of the two elements 1,2 of the mast and on the other hand with extraction devices to facilitate extraction of the mold after placing the concrete. We see in Figure 3, eight holes 10 distributed every 45 degrees cooperating with four positioning devices angular and four extraction devices divided into alternating around the edge of the collar 7.
  • the angular positioning device illustrated in larger scale in Figure 4, consists of a assembly socket 11 communicating with hole 10 and secured to a plate 12 bearing against the surface flanges 6,7 located towards the inside of the bodies of the elements 1,2.
  • the ends of the metal reinforcements longitudinal 3 are welded against the outer surface sockets 11.
  • the socket 11 On the side of the female element 1, the socket 11 is extended by a formwork making it possible to spare a recess 13 in the body of the element 1.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the two elements 1,2 of the mast after placing the concrete and after removing the mold 5 by means of the extraction devices of which the operation will be explained below.
  • the outer surface of the cone of the male element 2 comes into contact with the internal surface of the female cone of the element.
  • the mold 5 is dimensioned and in particular the distance between the two flanges 6,7 so that the end male cone of element 2 does not come into contact with the bottom of the female cone of element 1 while the plates 12 finishing the edge of the cones are also not no longer in touch.
  • the fact that these surfaces do not touch not, once the elements are assembled, prevents the perpendicularity of these surfaces relative to the axis of the cone has an influence on the alignment of the elements (1,2).
  • the space remaining between these two annular surfaces 12 can be filled with a hard mass which will increase the surface compressed at this level. So the assembly of the two elements is done only by entering contact of male and female conical surfaces.
  • the angle of cone is preferably minimum to facilitate extraction of mold 5, but can be chosen so that the assembly is self-locking.
  • Positioning studs 14 are housed in the sockets 11 thereby ensuring positioning perfect angularity of elements 1 and 2.
  • the mold 5 is made of rolled sheets and this fact is not very precise. This fact, instead of being a disadvantage as in the case of a two-part mold, promotes the resumption of torsional forces at which the mast is subject. Indeed, the fact that the mold section conical 5 is not perfectly round promotes absorption torsional forces, defects on one side of the mold found on the other. It should be noted that can promote this fact by giving the mold section 5 a slightly oval or elliptical shape. he is also possible to make the mold 5 by precise machining in a metal or plastic part.
  • Figure 5 illustrates the detail of the extraction devices located on the periphery of the flanges 6,7 alternately with positioning devices. They are consist of a nut 15 welded to the outer surface of the flanges 6,7. A bolt 16 is supported in the position of service against stop plates 12 located on surfaces annular of male and female cones. When the concrete was put in place and set, just screw the bolts 16 to separate the mold 5 from the cones thus obtained.
  • the bolts 16 cooperating with the nuts 15 can be replaced by hydraulic cylinders.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the positioning devices in the case of a mast with prestressing reinforcements 17.
  • prestressing reinforcements are like illustrated in the drawing, anchored at each end of the mast and tensioned.
  • the flanges 6,7 have additional holes allowing the passage of these reinforcements 17. It is also possible to provide that these prestressing reinforcements 17 are anchored using a mechanical device, on the stop plates and tensioning at each end of the mast.
  • the process for manufacturing a concrete mast according to the The present invention comprises the following steps. It's about first of all placing the formwork on a concreting bench of at least two elements constituting the mast. It is obvious that depending on the total length of the mast more than two elements may be necessary for get the desired length.
  • a one-piece metal mold at the junction of two elements. This mold is in the form of a trunk of cone open at one of its ends and has a bottom 8 at the other end. At its open end, the mold has two parallel annular flanges 6,7 and substantially perpendicular to its axis of revolution. The mold also has a disc 9 parallel to the bottom 8 which acts as a double bottom.
  • the longitudinal distance between the bottom 8 of the disc 9 is slightly greater than the longitudinal spacing flanges 6,7.
  • the distance between the two flanges 6.7 which depends on the thickness of the mold as well as of the opening angle of the cone, is determined so that, once put one on the other, the two elements fit together perfectly and only come into contact through their conical surfaces.
  • the concrete can be placed by centrifugation.
  • an additional step is necessary before extracting the mold 5.
  • it will create a vacuum located between the outer surface of the conical mold 5 and the female cone. This void will be filled before removing the mold by injection of concrete or any other material curable by two injection holes in the body of the female element 1.
  • Prestressing reinforcement can be produced by the technique of adherent wires, these wires then being linked to concrete, or by strands at the terminals which once energized are coupled to the ends of the portions mast for example at the stop plates 12.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)

Abstract

A procedure for making a concrete mast using at least two components (1, 2) which fit one inside the other consists of forming shuttering from the two components, fitting lengthwise and transverse reinforcing elements (3, 4) and a one-piece mould with a double base (8, 9) and two collars (6, 7), and filling with concrete. The concrete is vibrated and/or centrifuged, with the gap left between the outer surface of the mould and the inner surface of the female component filled with a self-hardening mortar after centrifuging. The mould is removed once the concrete has set, e.g. using a nut and bolt mechanism. The lengthwise reinforcing members can be in the form of rods which are sectioned after casting, or pre-stressed cables.

Description

La prĂ©sente invention a pour objet un procĂ©dĂ© de fabrication de mĂ¢ts en bĂ©ton ainsi qu'un dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procĂ©dĂ©. Cette invention concerne Ă©galement les mĂ¢ts en bĂ©ton directement obtenus par la mise en oeuvre dudit procĂ©dĂ©. Ce procĂ©dĂ© est particulièrement adaptĂ© Ă  la fabrication de mĂ¢ts d'une longueur importante qui ne peuvent Ăªtre fabriquĂ©s en une seule partie, ou de mĂ¢ts qui, Ă  cause de contraintes inhĂ©rentes Ă  leur transport ou leur stockage, doivent Ăªtre rĂ©alisĂ©s en plusieurs Ă©lĂ©ments.The present invention relates to a manufacturing process of concrete masts as well as a device for the implementation of this process. This invention relates to also the concrete masts directly obtained by the implementation of said method. This process is particularly suitable for the manufacture of masts of considerable length which cannot be made in a single part, or masts which, due to constraints inherent in their transport or storage, must be carried out in several elements.

On connaĂ­t des mĂ¢ts comportant Ă  l'une de leurs extrĂ©mitĂ©s un cĂ´ne femelle destinĂ© Ă  recevoir un cĂ´ne mĂ¢le d'une extrĂ©mitĂ© d'un autre mĂ¢t, ces cĂ´nes Ă©tant de dimensions prĂ©cises correspondantes pour que, lors de l'introduction du cĂ´ne mĂ¢le d'un Ă©lĂ©ment dans le cĂ´ne femelle d'un autre Ă©lĂ©ment, on obtienne un assemblage avec le moins de jeu possible. L'angle au sommet du cĂ´ne est choisi pour rĂ©aliser un accouplement autobloquant. Cette technique qui nĂ©cessite une grande prĂ©cision dimensionnelle des cĂ´nes mĂ¢le et femelle des Ă©lĂ©ments ne peut Ăªtre utilisĂ©e, pour des Ă©lĂ©ments prĂ©fabriquĂ©s en bĂ©ton par centrifugation, que si ces cĂ´nes sont fabriquĂ©s prĂ©alablement dans des moules prĂ©cis puis incorporĂ©s Ă  l'Ă©lĂ©ment de structure lors de sa centrifugation. Il est en effet impossible d'obtenir des cĂ´nes, et notamment des cĂ´nes femelles prĂ©sentant la prĂ©cision dimensionnelle requise par centrifugation. Cette technique, du fait de la prĂ©cision requise, est trop onĂ©reuse pour la production de mĂ¢ts prĂ©fabriquĂ©s en bĂ©ton par centrifugation. Elle prĂ©sente encore l'inconvĂ©nient de nĂ©cessiter la soudure des armatures mĂ©talliques du mĂ¢t Ă  celles du cĂ´ne lors de la mise en place de ces derniers.We know masts having at one of their ends a female cone intended to receive a male cone from one end of another mast, these cones being of dimensions specific corresponding so that during the introduction of the male cone of an element in the female cone of another element, we obtain an assembly with the less play possible. The angle at the top of the cone is chosen to make a self-locking coupling. This technique which requires great dimensional accuracy male and female cones of the elements cannot be used, for precast concrete elements by centrifugation, only if these cones are made beforehand in precise molds then incorporated into the structural element during its centrifugation. It is indeed impossible to obtain cones, and in particular female cones having the dimensional accuracy required by centrifugation. This technique, due to the precision required, is too expensive for the production of prefabricated masts concrete by centrifugation. It still has the disadvantage to require the welding of metal reinforcements from the mast to those of the cone during the installation of these last.

Une autre technique de production de mĂ¢ts en bĂ©ton soit par centrifugation soit par vibrage sur une table vibrante consiste Ă  utiliser des cĂ´nes mĂ©talliques respectivement mĂ¢le et femelle aux extrĂ©mitĂ©s des Ă©lĂ©ments du mĂ¢t. Ces cĂ´nes mĂ©talliques font office de moule perdu et restent intĂ©grĂ©s aux Ă©lĂ©ments constituant le mĂ¢t après sa fabrication et son accouplement. Pour diminuer les coĂ»ts de production de tels mĂ¢ts, on a rĂ©alisĂ© ces cĂ´nes mĂ©talliques en tĂ´les roulĂ©es avec l'inconvĂ©nient que ces cĂ´nes ne sont pas très prĂ©cis. Les deux Ă©lĂ©ments rapportĂ©s sont en contact au joint et du fait de l'imprĂ©cision il est nĂ©cessaire de remplir l'espace entre le cĂ´ne femelle et le cĂ´ne mĂ¢le en injectant du bĂ©ton ou toute autre matière durcissable afin de garantir la bonne transmission des efforts de flexion et torsion.Another technique for producing concrete masts either by centrifugation or by vibration on a vibrating table consists of using metal cones respectively male and female at the ends of the mast elements. These metal cones act as a lost mold and remain integrated in the elements constituting the mast after its manufacturing and its coupling. To reduce costs production of such masts, we made these metal cones in rolled sheets with the disadvantage that these cones are not very precise. The two reported items are in contact with the joint and due to imprecision it is necessary to fill the space between the female cone and the male cone by injecting concrete or any other material curable in order to guarantee good transmission of forces bending and twisting.

Le but de la prĂ©sente invention est d'obvier aux inconvĂ©nients citĂ©s prĂ©cĂ©demment et d'offrir un procĂ©dĂ© de fabrication d'Ă©lĂ©ments de structure pour rĂ©aliser des mĂ¢ts en bĂ©ton aussi bien par centrifugation que par vibrage qui ne nĂ©cessite pas de moule perdu et qui permette un accouplement des diffĂ©rents Ă©lĂ©ments du mĂ¢t prĂ©cis, sans jeu et donc sans injection lors du montage et qui soit capable de transmettre efficacement les efforts de flexion, de cisaillement et de torsion.The object of the present invention is to obviate the drawbacks mentioned above and to offer a process for manufacture of structural elements to make masts concrete both by centrifugation and by vibration which does not require a lost mold and which allows mating different elements of the precise mast, without play and therefore without injection during assembly and which is capable of effectively transmit bending and shearing forces and twist.

Ce but est atteint par un procédé tel que défini par les étapes énumérées à la revendication 1.This object is achieved by a process as defined by the steps listed in claim 1.

Un autre objet de l'invention concerne un dispositif permettant la mise en oeuvre du procédé cité précédemment et qui se distingue par les caractéristiques énumérées à la revendication 6.Another object of the invention relates to a device allowing the implementation of the process mentioned above and which is distinguished by the characteristics listed in claim 6.

L'invention concerne Ă©galement les mĂ¢ts en bĂ©ton prĂ©fabriquĂ©s directement obtenus par ledit procĂ©dĂ©.The invention also relates to precast concrete masts. directly obtained by said process.

L'invention va maintenant Ăªtre dĂ©crite schĂ©matiquement et Ă  titre d'exemple en rĂ©fĂ©rence au dessin annexĂ© dans lequel:

  • La figure 1 reprĂ©sente en plan deux Ă©lĂ©ments coffrĂ©s ainsi que le moule permettant de rĂ©aliser les cĂ´nes mĂ¢le et femelle.
  • La figure 2 reprĂ©sente en plan les deux Ă©lĂ©ments assemblĂ©s une fois le moule retirĂ©.
  • La figure 3 est une coupe selon la ligne A-A de la figure 1.
  • La figure 4 illustre les dispositifs de positionnement rĂ©partis sur les collerettes du moule illustrĂ©s Ă  la figure 1.
  • La figure 5 est une vue des dispositifs d'extraction permettant d'enlever le moule après la mise en place du bĂ©ton.
  • La figure 6 est une vue similaire Ă  celle de la figure 4, le mĂ¢t comportant des armatures de prĂ©contrainte.
    • The invention will now be described schematically and by way of example with reference to the appended drawing in which:
  • Figure 1 shows in plan two formwork elements and the mold for making the male and female cones.
  • Figure 2 shows in plan the two elements assembled once the mold removed.
  • FIG. 3 is a section along the line AA in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the positioning devices distributed over the flanges of the mold illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • Figure 5 is a view of the extraction devices for removing the mold after placing the concrete.
  • Figure 6 is a view similar to that of Figure 4, the mast having prestressing frames.

    • La figure 1 illustre deux Ă©lĂ©ments 1,2 coffrĂ©s et mis en place sur un banc pour Ăªtre bĂ©tonnĂ©s. L'Ă©lĂ©ment 1 sera rĂ©fĂ©rencĂ© comme l'Ă©lĂ©ment femelle et l'Ă©lĂ©ment 2 comme l'Ă©lĂ©ment mĂ¢le. La longueur de chaque Ă©lĂ©ment 1,2 peut Ăªtre par exemple d'une vingtaine de mètres et leur section Ăªtre circulaire, ovale, elliptique ou polygonale. Pour diminuer le poids de ces Ă©lĂ©ments, ils sont gĂ©nĂ©ralement creux. Ainsi le corps des Ă©lĂ©ments 1,2 se prĂ©sente sous la forme d'un tube prismatique ou cylindrique en bĂ©ton qui peut Ăªtre munis d'armatures mĂ©talliques longitudinales 3 et transversales 4 fermĂ©es sur elles-mĂªmes afin de renforcer les Ă©lĂ©ments 1,2. Un moule mĂ©tallique 5 en une seule pièce est mis en place avant bĂ©tonnage entre les deux Ă©lĂ©ments 1,2 du mĂ¢t. Ce moule 5 se prĂ©sente sous la forme d'un tronc de cĂ´ne fermĂ© Ă  l'une de ses extrĂ©mitĂ©s. Deux collerettes annulaires 6,7 sont agencĂ©es Ă  proximitĂ© de l'extrĂ©mitĂ© ouverte du moule 5. Ces collerettes 6,7 sont dirigĂ©es vers l'extĂ©rieur perpendiculairement Ă  l'axe de rĂ©volution du tronc de cĂ´ne. A son extrĂ©mitĂ© opposĂ©e, le moule 5 est fermĂ© par un fond 8. Un deuxième disque 9 fait office de double fond. Le fond du moule 8 et le disque 9 sont espacĂ©s d'une distance sensiblement Ă©quivalente Ă  celle sĂ©parant les deux collerettes 6,7 dans le sens longitudinal. Il est Ă©vident que le double fond du moule peut Ăªtre rĂ©alisĂ© de diffĂ©rentes façons comme par exemple Ăªtre constituĂ© du fond 8 et d'un bouchon en une matière adaptĂ©e comme du SAGEX (marque dĂ©posĂ©e) par exemple qui remplirait l'espace reprĂ©sentĂ© au dessin entre le fond 8 et le disque 9. Les collerettes 6,7 sont pourvues de trous rĂ©partis Ă  intervalles rĂ©guliers sur leur pourtour. Ces trous 10 coopèrent d'une part avec des dispositifs de positionnement angulaires des deux Ă©lĂ©ments 1,2 du mĂ¢t et d'autre part avec des dispositifs d'extraction permettant de faciliter l'extraction du moule après la mise en place du bĂ©ton. On voit sur la figure 3, huit trous 10 rĂ©partis tous les 45 degrĂ©s coopĂ©rant avec quatre dispositifs de positionnement angulaires et quatre dispositifs d'extraction rĂ©partis en alternance sur le pourtour de la collerette 7.Figure 1 illustrates two elements 1,2 shuttered and put in place on a bench to be concreted. Element 1 will be referenced as the female element and element 2 as the male element. The length of each element 1,2 can be for example about twenty meters and their section be circular, oval, elliptical or polygonal. To decrease the weight of these items they are usually hollow. Thus the body of elements 1,2 is presented under the form of a prismatic or cylindrical concrete tube which can be fitted with longitudinal metal reinforcements 3 and transverse 4 closed on themselves in order to reinforce elements 1,2. A metal mold 5 in one part is put in place before concreting between the two elements 1.2 of the mast. This mold 5 is in the form a truncated cone closed at one of its ends. Of them annular flanges 6,7 are arranged close to the open end of the mold 5. These flanges 6,7 are directed outward perpendicular to the axis of truncated cone revolution. At its opposite end, the mold 5 is closed by a bottom 8. A second disc 9 made double bottom office. The bottom of the mold 8 and the disc 9 are spaced a distance roughly equivalent to that separating the two flanges 6,7 in the longitudinal direction. It is obvious that the double bottom of the mold can be realized in different ways such as being consisting of the bottom 8 and a plug of a suitable material like SAGEX (registered trademark) for example which would fill the space shown in the drawing between the bottom 8 and the disc 9. The flanges 6,7 are provided with holes distributed at regular intervals around their edges. These holes 10 cooperate on the one hand with positioning devices angular of the two elements 1,2 of the mast and on the other hand with extraction devices to facilitate extraction of the mold after placing the concrete. We see in Figure 3, eight holes 10 distributed every 45 degrees cooperating with four positioning devices angular and four extraction devices divided into alternating around the edge of the collar 7.

    Le dispositif de positionnement angulaire, illustré à plus grande échelle à la figure 4, est constitué d'une douille d'assemblage 11 communiquant avec le trou 10 et solidaire d'une plaque 12 prenant appui contre la surface des collerettes 6,7 situées vers l'intérieur des corps des éléments 1,2. Les extrémités des armatures métalliques longitudinales 3 sont soudées contre la surface extérieure des douilles 11. Du côté de l'élément femelle 1, la douille 11 se prolonge par un coffrage permettant de ménager un évidement 13 dans le corps de l'élément 1.The angular positioning device, illustrated in larger scale in Figure 4, consists of a assembly socket 11 communicating with hole 10 and secured to a plate 12 bearing against the surface flanges 6,7 located towards the inside of the bodies of the elements 1,2. The ends of the metal reinforcements longitudinal 3 are welded against the outer surface sockets 11. On the side of the female element 1, the socket 11 is extended by a formwork making it possible to spare a recess 13 in the body of the element 1.

    La figure 2 illustre les deux Ă©lĂ©ments 1,2 du mĂ¢t après la mise en place du bĂ©ton et après que l'on ait retirĂ© le moule 5 au moyen des dispositifs d'extraction dont le fonctionnement sera explicitĂ© ci-après. La surface extĂ©rieure du cĂ´ne de l'Ă©lĂ©ment mĂ¢le 2 vient au contact de la surface interne du cĂ´ne femelle de l'Ă©lĂ©ment. On notera que le moule 5 est dimensionnĂ© et notamment la distance entre les deux collerettes 6,7 de façon Ă  ce que l'extrĂ©mitĂ© du cĂ´ne mĂ¢le de l'Ă©lĂ©ment 2 n'entre pas en contact avec le fond du cĂ´ne femelle de l'Ă©lĂ©ment 1 alors que les plaques 12 terminant le bord des cĂ´nes ne sont pas non plus en contact. Le fait que ces surfaces ne se touchent pas, une fois les Ă©lĂ©ments assemblĂ©s, Ă©vite que la perpendicularitĂ© de ces surfaces par rapport Ă  l'axe du cĂ´ne n'ait une influence sur l'alignement des Ă©lĂ©ments (1,2). Afin d'augmenter la rĂ©sistance de l'accouplement Ă  la base du cĂ´ne, l'espace restant entre ces deux surfaces annulaires 12 peut Ăªtre rempli d'une masse dure qui va augmenter la surface comprimĂ©e Ă  ce niveau. Ainsi l'assemblage des deux Ă©lĂ©ments se fait uniquement par l'entrĂ©e en contact des surfaces coniques mĂ¢le et femelle. L'angle du cĂ´ne est de prĂ©fĂ©rence minimum pour faciliter l'extraction du moule 5, mais peut Ăªtre choisi de manière Ă  ce que l'assemblage soit autobloquant. En dĂ©finissant par d la distance entre les deux collerettes annulaires 6,7, par m l'Ă©paisseur du moule, et par α l'angle d'ouverture du cĂ´ne, on obtient la relation approximative suivante : d = m/sin(α). La valeur d = m/sin(α) est une approximation et doit Ăªtre ajustĂ©e en fonction d'Ă©ventuelles imprĂ©cisions du moule. Pour garantir que, une fois assemblĂ©, le cĂ´ne mĂ¢le de l'Ă©lĂ©ment 2 ne rentre pas en contact avec le fond du cĂ´ne femelle de l'Ă©lĂ©ment 1, on prĂ©voit que la distance longitudinale sĂ©parant le fond 8 du moule et le disque 9 constituant le double fond du moule, soit lĂ©gèrement supĂ©rieure Ă  d.Figure 2 illustrates the two elements 1,2 of the mast after placing the concrete and after removing the mold 5 by means of the extraction devices of which the operation will be explained below. The outer surface of the cone of the male element 2 comes into contact with the internal surface of the female cone of the element. We will note that the mold 5 is dimensioned and in particular the distance between the two flanges 6,7 so that the end male cone of element 2 does not come into contact with the bottom of the female cone of element 1 while the plates 12 finishing the edge of the cones are also not no longer in touch. The fact that these surfaces do not touch not, once the elements are assembled, prevents the perpendicularity of these surfaces relative to the axis of the cone has an influence on the alignment of the elements (1,2). In order to increase the resistance of the coupling at the base of the cone, the space remaining between these two annular surfaces 12 can be filled with a hard mass which will increase the surface compressed at this level. So the assembly of the two elements is done only by entering contact of male and female conical surfaces. The angle of cone is preferably minimum to facilitate extraction of mold 5, but can be chosen so that the assembly is self-locking. By defining by d the distance between the two annular flanges 6,7, per m the thickness of the mold, and by α the opening angle of the cone, we obtain the following approximate relation: d = m / sin (α). The value d = m / sin (α) is an approximation and must be adjusted according to possible inaccuracies of the mold. To ensure that, once assembled, the cone element 2 male does not come into contact with the bottom of the female cone of element 1, it is expected that the distance longitudinal separating the bottom 8 of the mold and the disc 9 constituting the double bottom of the mold, slightly higher to d.

    Comme ces cĂ´nes ont Ă©tĂ© obtenus par la paroi d'un seul et mĂªme moule et qu'ils sont assemblĂ©s dans une position angulaire dĂ©terminĂ©e ou indexĂ©e, les Ă©ventuelles irrĂ©gularitĂ©s, excentricitĂ© etc. de ces cĂ´nes ne font qu'augmenter la rigiditĂ© de l'assemblage puisqu'ils correspondent exactement.As these cones were obtained by the wall of a one and the same mold and they are assembled in one position angular determined or indexed, any irregularities, eccentricity etc. of these cones do that increase the rigidity of the assembly since they correspond exactly.

    Des goujons de positionnement 14 viennent se loger dans les douilles 11 assurant de ce fait un positionnement angulaire parfait des Ă©lĂ©ments 1 et 2. Pour des raisons Ă©conomiques, le moule 5 est rĂ©alisĂ© en tĂ´les roulĂ©es et de ce fait n'est pas très prĂ©cis. Ce fait, au lieu d'Ăªtre un inconvĂ©nient comme dans le cas d'un moule en deux parties, favorise la reprise des efforts de torsion auquel le mĂ¢t est soumis. En effet, le fait que la section du moule conique 5 ne soit pas parfaitement ronde favorise l'absorption des efforts de torsion, les dĂ©fauts d'un cĂ´tĂ© du moule se retrouvant de l'autre. Il est Ă  noter que l'on peut favoriser ce fait en donnant Ă  la section du moule 5 une forme lĂ©gèrement ovale ou elliptique. Il est Ă©galement possible de rĂ©aliser le moule 5 par usinage prĂ©cis dans une pièce en mĂ©tal ou en plastique.Positioning studs 14 are housed in the sockets 11 thereby ensuring positioning perfect angularity of elements 1 and 2. For reasons economical, the mold 5 is made of rolled sheets and this fact is not very precise. This fact, instead of being a disadvantage as in the case of a two-part mold, promotes the resumption of torsional forces at which the mast is subject. Indeed, the fact that the mold section conical 5 is not perfectly round promotes absorption torsional forces, defects on one side of the mold found on the other. It should be noted that can promote this fact by giving the mold section 5 a slightly oval or elliptical shape. he is also possible to make the mold 5 by precise machining in a metal or plastic part.

    La figure 5 illustre le dĂ©tail des dispositifs d'extraction situĂ©s sur le pourtour des collerettes 6,7 en alternance avec les dispositifs de positionnement. Ils sont constituĂ©s d'un Ă©crou 15 soudĂ© sur la surface externe des collerettes 6,7. Un boulon 16 prend appui en position de service contre les plaques d'arrĂªt 12 situĂ©es sur les surfaces annulaires des cĂ´nes mĂ¢le et femelle. Lorsque le bĂ©ton a Ă©tĂ© mis en place et a fait prise, il suffit de visser les boulons 16 pour Ă©carter le moule 5 des cĂ´nes ainsi obtenus.Figure 5 illustrates the detail of the extraction devices located on the periphery of the flanges 6,7 alternately with positioning devices. They are consist of a nut 15 welded to the outer surface of the flanges 6,7. A bolt 16 is supported in the position of service against stop plates 12 located on surfaces annular of male and female cones. When the concrete was put in place and set, just screw the bolts 16 to separate the mold 5 from the cones thus obtained.

    Dans une variante, les boulons 16 coopèrant avec les Ă©crous 15 peuvent Ăªtre remplacĂ©s par des vĂ©rins hydrauliques.In a variant, the bolts 16 cooperating with the nuts 15 can be replaced by hydraulic cylinders.

    La figure 6 illustre les dispositifs de positionnement dans le cas d'un mĂ¢t comportant des armatures de prĂ©contrainte 17. Ces armatures de prĂ©contrainte sont comme illustrĂ© au dessin, ancrĂ©es Ă  chaque extrĂ©mitĂ© du mĂ¢t et mises en tension. Dans ce cas, les collerettes 6,7 comportent des percements supplĂ©mentaires permettant le passage de ces armatures 17. Il est Ă©galement possible de prĂ©voir que ces armatures de prĂ©contrainte 17 soient ancrĂ©es Ă  l'aide d'un dispositif mĂ©canique prĂ©vu, sur les plaques d'arrĂªt et mises en tension Ă  chaque extrĂ©mitĂ© du mĂ¢t.Figure 6 illustrates the positioning devices in the case of a mast with prestressing reinforcements 17. These prestressing reinforcements are like illustrated in the drawing, anchored at each end of the mast and tensioned. In this case, the flanges 6,7 have additional holes allowing the passage of these reinforcements 17. It is also possible to provide that these prestressing reinforcements 17 are anchored using a mechanical device, on the stop plates and tensioning at each end of the mast.

    Le procĂ©dĂ© de fabrication d'un mĂ¢t en bĂ©ton selon la prĂ©sente invention comporte les Ă©tapes suivantes. Il s'agit tout d'abord de la mise en place du coffrage sur un banc de bĂ©tonnage d'au moins deux Ă©lĂ©ments constituant le mĂ¢t. Il est Ă©vident qu'en fonction de la longueur totale du mĂ¢t plus de deux Ă©lĂ©ments peuvent Ăªtre nĂ©cessaires pour obtenir la longueur voulue. Après mise en place des coffrages et armatures mĂ©talliques longitudinales et transversales constituant la structure du mĂ¢t, on positionne un moule mĂ©tallique en une seule pièce Ă  la jonction de deux Ă©lĂ©ments. Ce moule se prĂ©sente sous la forme d'un tronc de cĂ´ne ouvert Ă  l'une de ses extrĂ©mitĂ©s et comporte un fond 8 Ă  l'autre extrĂ©mitĂ©. A son extrĂ©mitĂ© ouverte, le moule prĂ©sente deux collerettes annulaires 6,7 parallèles et sensiblement perpendiculaires Ă  son axe de rĂ©volution. Le moule comporte encore un disque 9 parallèle au fond 8 qui fait office de double fond.The process for manufacturing a concrete mast according to the The present invention comprises the following steps. It's about first of all placing the formwork on a concreting bench of at least two elements constituting the mast. It is obvious that depending on the total length of the mast more than two elements may be necessary for get the desired length. After placing the formwork and longitudinal and transverse metal reinforcements constituting the structure of the mast, a one-piece metal mold at the junction of two elements. This mold is in the form of a trunk of cone open at one of its ends and has a bottom 8 at the other end. At its open end, the mold has two parallel annular flanges 6,7 and substantially perpendicular to its axis of revolution. The mold also has a disc 9 parallel to the bottom 8 which acts as a double bottom.

    La distance longitudinale sĂ©parant le fond 8 du disque 9 est lĂ©gèrement supĂ©rieure Ă  l'espacement longitudinal des collerettes 6,7. La distance entre les deux collerettes 6,7 qui dĂ©pend de l'Ă©paisseur du moule ainsi que de l'angle d'ouverture du cĂ´ne, est dĂ©terminĂ©e afin que, une fois mis l'un sur l'autre, les deux Ă©lĂ©ments s'emboĂ­tent parfaitement et n'entrent en contact que par leurs surfaces coniques. Une fois les Ă©lĂ©ments mis en place comme dĂ©crit prĂ©cĂ©demment, on procède Ă  la mise en place du bĂ©ton. Cette mise en place du bĂ©ton peut s'effectuer de deux façons diffĂ©rentes. On peut tout d'abord mettre le bĂ©ton en place par vibrage en disposant le banc sur une table vibrante par exemple. Une fois le bĂ©ton coulĂ©, il suffit de retirer le moule 5 en agissant sur les dispositifs d'extraction agencĂ©s sur les collerettes 6,7 du moule 5. Une fois le moule rĂ©cupĂ©rĂ©, on procède Ă  l'accouplement des deux Ă©lĂ©ments 1,2 ainsi obtenus. Le fait d'utiliser un moule en une seule pièce muni de dispositifs de positionnement garantit que le cĂ´ne mĂ¢le de l'Ă©lĂ©ment 2 s'adaptera parfaitement au cĂ´ne femelle le recevant de l'Ă©lĂ©ment 1, permettant de ce fait une transmission correcte des efforts de flexion et de torsion. Dans une variante, le bĂ©ton peut Ăªtre mis en place par centrifugation. Dans le cas d'un bĂ©tonnage par centrifugation, une Ă©tape supplĂ©mentaire est nĂ©cessaire avant l'extraction du moule 5. En effet lors de la centrifugation il va se crĂ©er un vide situĂ© entre la surface extĂ©rieure du moule conique 5 et le cĂ´ne femelle. Ce vide sera remplit avant de retirer le moule par injection de bĂ©ton ou de tout autre matĂ©riau durcissable par deux orifices d'injection pratiquĂ©s dans le corps de l'Ă©lĂ©ment femelle 1.The longitudinal distance between the bottom 8 of the disc 9 is slightly greater than the longitudinal spacing flanges 6,7. The distance between the two flanges 6.7 which depends on the thickness of the mold as well as of the opening angle of the cone, is determined so that, once put one on the other, the two elements fit together perfectly and only come into contact through their conical surfaces. Once the elements are in place as described above, we proceed with the installation concrete. This concrete placement can be done two different ways. We can first put the concrete in place by vibration by placing the bench on a vibrating table for example. Once the concrete is poured, it just remove the mold 5 by acting on the devices extraction arranged on the flanges 6,7 of the mold 5. Once the mold is collected, we proceed to the coupling of the two elements 1,2 thus obtained. Using a one-piece mold with positioning devices ensures that the male cone of element 2 will fit perfectly to the female cone receiving it from element 1, thereby allowing correct transmission of forces of flexion and torsion. In a variant, the concrete can be placed by centrifugation. In the case of concreting by centrifugation, an additional step is necessary before extracting the mold 5. In effect during centrifugation it will create a vacuum located between the outer surface of the conical mold 5 and the female cone. This void will be filled before removing the mold by injection of concrete or any other material curable by two injection holes in the body of the female element 1.

    Dans le cas de mĂ¢ts comportant des armatures de prĂ©contrainte 17 traversant les collerettes 6,7, il est nĂ©cessaire de couper ces armatures au niveau des collerettes avant le dĂ©moulage du moule 5. Cette opĂ©ration n'est pas nĂ©cessaire si les armatures de prĂ©contrainte sont ancrĂ©es dans les plaques 12 formant les flasques du cĂ´ne. In the case of masts with prestressing reinforcement 17 crossing the flanges 6,7, it is necessary to cut these reinforcements at the flanges before removing the mold from the mold 5. This operation is not necessary if the prestressing reinforcements are anchored in the plates 12 forming the flanges of the cone.

    Les armatures de prĂ©contrainte peuvent Ăªtre rĂ©alisĂ©es par la technique des fils adhĂ©rents, ces fils Ă©tant alors liĂ©s au bĂ©ton, ou par des torons au bornes qui une fois mises sous tension sont accouplĂ©es aux extrĂ©mitĂ©s des portions de mĂ¢t par exemple aux plaques d'arrĂªt 12.Prestressing reinforcement can be produced by the technique of adherent wires, these wires then being linked to concrete, or by strands at the terminals which once energized are coupled to the ends of the portions mast for example at the stop plates 12.

    Claims (16)

    1. A process for manufacturing a reinforced concrete pole, pre-stressed or not, comprised of at least two elements (1, 2) designed for fitting one into the other, characterised in that a casing is made for the elements (1, 2) ; in that the longitudinal and the transversal metal reinforcements (3, 4) for the elements (1, 2) are positioned ; in that, at the junction of the two elements (1, 2), there are positioned a one-piece mould (5) having the shape of a closed frustum of a cone and including a double bottom (8, 9), as well as two annular collars (6, 7), wherein the thickness of the double bottom is greater than the distance between the two collars ; in that the concrete for the two elements is filled simultaneously ; and in that the mould is subsequently removed, once the concrete is set.
    2. A process according to claim 1, characterised in that the concrete is compacted by vibration when filled.
    3. A process according to claim 1, characterised in that the filling of the concrete is carried out by centrifugation in an appropriate rotatory mould.
    4. A process according to claim 3, characterised in that a material capable of hardening is injected into the void appearing after the centrifugation, between the outer surface of the mould (5) and the inner surface of the female cone of the element (1).
    5. A process according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the pre-stressing reinforcements are bonded wires extending over the full length of the pole, and in that these wires are cut between the collars (6, 7) of the mould, once the concrete has set.
    6. A process according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the pre-stressing reinforcements are strands which once tensioned, are tightly fastened to the ends of the elements of the pole.
    7. A device which makes it possible to form a conical coupling between two prefabricated elements of a reinforced concrete pole, pre-stressed or not, characterised in that it is comprised of a mould (5) having the shape of a frustum of a cone closed by a bottom (8) at its top ; in that it includes a disk (9) forming a double bottom with the bottom (8); in that it includes on the periphery of its open end and in the vicinity thereof two outwardly directed annular collars (6, 7); and in that the distance between the two collars is greater than the thickness of the double bottom.
    8. A device according to claim 7, characterised in that the longitudinal distance between the bottom (8) of the mould (5) and the disk (9) forming the double bottom of said mould is greater than the longitudinal distance between the two collars (6, 7), wherein said distance can be expressed approximately as a function of the thickness m of the mould by m / sin (α), where α is the angle of the cone.
    9. A device according to one of claims 7 and 8, characterised in that the angle α of the cone forming the mould is determined in such a manner as to obtain a self-locking coupling.
    10. A device according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterised in that the collars (6, 7) located at the open end of the conical mould (5) include openings (10) designed for co-operating with positioning devices and with extraction devices.
    11. A device according to claim 10, characterised in that the openings are spaced apart at regular intervals along the periphery of the annular collars (6, 7).
    12. A device according to claim 10 or claim 11, characterised in that the extraction devices are comprised of a nut (15) fastened to the collars (6, 7) and capable of receiving a bolt (16), which, when tightened, tends to urge the mould (5) away from the elements (1, 2).
    13. A device according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterised in that the positioning devices are comprised of positioning sleeves which are aligned with the openings of the collars (6, 7) and which are directed towards the bodies of the elements (1, 2), these positioning sleeves being designed for receiving positioning studs (14) when fitting the elements (1, 2) one into the other.
    14. A device according to one of claims 7 to 13, characterised in that it is made from roll-formed sheets.
    15. A device according to one of claims 7 to 13, characterised in that it is obtained by machining a piece of metal or a piece of plastic.
    16. A device according to one of claims 7 to 15, characterised in that the section of the frustum of the cone forming the mould (5) is slightly oval.
    EP97109519A 1996-06-21 1997-06-12 Process for fabricating a concrete mast, apparatus for carrying out the process and mast obtained therefrom Expired - Lifetime EP0814221B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (3)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    CH1554/96 1996-06-21
    CH01554/96A CH691234A5 (en) 1996-06-21 1996-06-21 A method of manufacturing a concrete mast, the device for implementing this method and pole obtained by this method.
    CH155496 1996-06-21

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0814221A1 EP0814221A1 (en) 1997-12-29
    EP0814221B1 true EP0814221B1 (en) 2002-09-18

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    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP97109519A Expired - Lifetime EP0814221B1 (en) 1996-06-21 1997-06-12 Process for fabricating a concrete mast, apparatus for carrying out the process and mast obtained therefrom

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    EP (1) EP0814221B1 (en)
    AT (1) ATE224495T1 (en)
    CH (1) CH691234A5 (en)
    DE (1) DE69715524T2 (en)
    DK (1) DK0814221T3 (en)
    ES (1) ES2180856T3 (en)

    Families Citing this family (2)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    ES2291053B1 (en) * 2003-10-07 2009-03-01 Romero Hormelec, S.A. MANUFACTURE AND UNION SYSTEM OF HOLLOW CONCRETE POSTS OF REINFORCED AND / OR PRETENSED CONCRETE.
    DE102006030400A1 (en) * 2006-06-29 2008-01-03 Pfleiderer Europoles Gmbh & Co. Kg Transmission tower made of spun concrete

    Family Cites Families (3)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    GB386108A (en) * 1931-12-21 1933-01-12 Pfistershammer Josef Reinforced concrete pole
    DE1434730A1 (en) * 1963-11-12 1970-01-15 Moll Kg Leonhard Process for the production of steel or prestressed concrete masts consisting of several detachably connected parts and multi-part concrete mast produced according to this process
    CH599432A5 (en) * 1976-10-05 1978-05-31 Gram Sa

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    DE69715524D1 (en) 2002-10-24
    EP0814221A1 (en) 1997-12-29
    ATE224495T1 (en) 2002-10-15
    CH691234A5 (en) 2001-05-31
    DK0814221T3 (en) 2003-01-27
    DE69715524T2 (en) 2003-05-22
    ES2180856T3 (en) 2003-02-16

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