EP0814221A1 - Process for fabricating a concrete mast, apparatus for carrying out the process and mast obtained therefrom - Google Patents

Process for fabricating a concrete mast, apparatus for carrying out the process and mast obtained therefrom Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0814221A1
EP0814221A1 EP97109519A EP97109519A EP0814221A1 EP 0814221 A1 EP0814221 A1 EP 0814221A1 EP 97109519 A EP97109519 A EP 97109519A EP 97109519 A EP97109519 A EP 97109519A EP 0814221 A1 EP0814221 A1 EP 0814221A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
mold
elements
concrete
mast
flanges
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EP97109519A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0814221B1 (en
Inventor
René Beck
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Gram SA
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BSA Ingenieurs Conseils
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/16—Prestressed structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/04—Discharging the shaped articles
    • B28B13/06—Removing the shaped articles from moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
    • B28B23/18—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members for the production of elongated articles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/02—Structures made of specified materials
    • E04H12/12—Structures made of specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material, with or without internal or external reinforcements, e.g. with metal coverings, with permanent form elements

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a method for manufacturing concrete masts and a device for implementing this method.
  • This invention also relates to concrete masts directly obtained by the implementation of said method.
  • This method is particularly suitable for the manufacture of masts of a considerable length which cannot be manufactured in a single part, or of masts which, because of constraints inherent in their transport or their storage, must be made of several elements.
  • Masts are known comprising at one of their ends a female cone intended to receive a male cone from one end of another mast, these cones being of corresponding precise dimensions so that, during the introduction of the male cone d 'an element in the female cone of another element, we obtain an assembly with the least play possible.
  • the angle at the top of the cone is chosen to make a self-locking coupling.
  • This technique which requires high dimensional precision of the male and female cones of the elements, can only be used, for precast concrete elements by centrifugation, if these cones are produced beforehand in precise molds and then incorporated into the structural element during its centrifugation. It is indeed impossible to obtain cones, and in particular female cones having the dimensional precision required by centrifugation.
  • This technique because of the precision required, is too expensive for the production of precast concrete masts by centrifugation. It also has the disadvantage of requiring the welding of the metal reinforcements of the mast to those of the cone when the latter are put in place.
  • Another technique for producing concrete masts either by centrifugation or by vibration on a vibrating table consists in using metal cones, respectively male and female, at the ends of the elements of the mast. These metal cones act as a lost mold and remain integrated into the elements constituting the mast after its manufacture and coupling. To reduce the production costs of such masts, these metal cones were made from rolled sheets with the disadvantage that these cones are not very precise. The two added elements are in contact with the joint and due to the imprecision it is necessary to fill the space between the female cone and the male cone by injecting concrete or any other curable material in order to guarantee the good transmission of the forces of bending and twisting.
  • the object of the present invention is to obviate the drawbacks mentioned above and to offer a method of manufacturing structural elements for making concrete masts both by centrifugation and by vibration which does not require a lost mold and which allows a coupling of the different elements of the precise mast, without play and therefore without injection during assembly and which is capable of effectively transmitting the bending and shearing forces and twist.
  • Another object of the invention relates to a device allowing the implementation of the method cited above and which is distinguished by the characteristics listed in claim 6.
  • the invention also relates to the precast concrete masts directly obtained by said process.
  • Figure 1 illustrates two elements 1,2 shuttered and put in place on a bench to be concreted.
  • Element 1 will be referenced as the female element and element 2 as the male element.
  • the length of each element 1, 2 can be, for example, around twenty meters and their section can be circular, oval, elliptical or polygonal. To reduce the weight of these elements, they are generally hollow.
  • the body of the elements 1,2 is in the form of a prismatic or cylindrical concrete tube which can be provided with longitudinal 3 and transverse 4 metallic reinforcements closed on themselves in order to reinforce the elements 1,2.
  • a metal mold 5 in one piece is put in place before concreting between the two elements 1,2 of the mast. This mold 5 is in the form of a truncated cone closed at one of its ends.
  • Two annular flanges 6,7 are arranged near the open end of the mold 5. These flanges 6,7 are directed outwards perpendicular to the axis of revolution of the truncated cone. At its opposite end, the mold 5 is closed by a bottom 8.
  • a second disc 9 acts as a double bottom. The bottom of the mold 8 and the disc 9 are spaced apart by a distance substantially equivalent to that separating the two flanges 6,7 in the longitudinal direction. It is obvious that the double bottom of the mold can be produced in different ways such as for example being made up of the bottom 8 and of a plug made of a suitable material such as SAGEX (registered trademark) for example which would fill the space shown in the drawing between the bottom 8 and the disc 9.
  • the flanges 6,7 are provided with holes distributed at regular intervals around their periphery. These holes 10 cooperate on the one hand with angular positioning devices of the two elements 1,2 of the mast and on the other hand with extraction devices to facilitate extraction of the mold after placing the concrete.
  • FIG. 3 shows eight holes 10 distributed every 45 degrees cooperating with four angular positioning devices and four extraction devices distributed alternately around the periphery of the flange 7.
  • the angular positioning device illustrated on a larger scale in Figure 4, consists of an assembly socket 11 communicating with the hole 10 and secured to a plate 12 bearing against the surface of the flanges 6,7 located towards the inside of the elements bodies 1,2.
  • the ends of the longitudinal metal reinforcements 3 are welded against the external surface of the sockets 11.
  • the socket 11 On the side of the female element 1, the socket 11 is extended by a formwork making it possible to provide a recess 13 in the body of the element 1.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the two elements 1, 2 of the mast after the placing of the concrete and after the mold 5 has been removed by means of the extraction devices, the operation of which will be explained below.
  • the outer surface of the cone of the male element 2 comes into contact with the inner surface of the female cone of the element.
  • the mold 5 is dimensioned and in particular the distance between the two flanges 6,7 so that the end of the male cone of the element 2 does not come into contact with the bottom of the female cone of the element 1 while the plates 12 ending the edge of the cones are also not in contact.
  • the fact that these surfaces do not touch, once the elements have been assembled, prevents the perpendicularity of these surfaces from the axis of the cone has an influence on the alignment of the elements (1,2).
  • the space remaining between these two annular surfaces 12 can be filled with a hard mass which will increase the compressed surface at this level.
  • the angle of the cone is preferably minimum to facilitate the extraction of the mold 5, but can be chosen so that the assembly is self-locking.
  • d m / sin ( ⁇ ) is an approximation and must be adjusted according to possible inaccuracies of the mold.
  • Positioning studs 14 are housed in the sockets 11 thereby ensuring perfect angular positioning of the elements 1 and 2.
  • the mold 5 is made of rolled sheets and therefore is not very precise. This fact, instead of being a drawback as in the case of a two-part mold, promotes the resumption of the torsional forces to which the mast is subjected. Indeed, the fact that the section of the conical mold 5 is not perfectly round promotes the absorption of torsional forces, the defects on one side of the mold being found on the other. It should be noted that this fact can be promoted by giving the section of the mold 5 a slightly oval or elliptical shape. It is also possible to produce the mold 5 by precise machining in a metal or plastic part.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the detail of the extraction devices located on the periphery of the flanges 6, 7 alternating with the positioning devices. They consist of a nut 15 welded to the external surface of the flanges 6,7. A bolt 16 bears in the service position against the stop plates 12 located on the annular surfaces of the male and female cones. When the concrete has been placed and set, it suffices to screw the bolts 16 to move the mold 5 away from the cones thus obtained.
  • the bolts 16 cooperating with the nuts 15 can be replaced by hydraulic cylinders.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the positioning devices in the case of a mast comprising prestressing reinforcements 17. These prestressing reinforcements are as illustrated in the drawing, anchored at each end of the mast and tensioned. In this case, the flanges 6,7 have additional holes allowing the passage of these frames 17. It is also possible to provide that these prestressing frames 17 are anchored using a mechanical device provided on the stop plates and tensioned at each end of the mast .
  • the method of manufacturing a concrete mast comprises the following steps. First of all, it involves placing the formwork on a concreting bench of at least two elements constituting the mast. It is obvious that, depending on the total length of the mast, more than two elements may be necessary to obtain the desired length.
  • a metal mold is positioned in one piece at the junction of two elements. This mold is in the form of a truncated cone open at one of its ends and has a bottom 8 at the other end. At its open end, the mold has two annular flanges 6,7 parallel and substantially perpendicular to its axis of revolution. The mold also has a disc 9 parallel to the bottom 8 which acts as a double bottom.
  • the longitudinal distance separating the bottom 8 of the disc 9 is slightly greater than the longitudinal spacing of the flanges 6,7.
  • the distance between the two flanges 6,7 which depends on the thickness of the mold as well as the opening angle of the cone, is determined so that, once placed one on the other, the two elements s' fit together perfectly and come into contact only through their conical surfaces. Once the elements are in place as described above, the concrete is put in place.
  • This concrete placement can be done in two different ways. We can first put the concrete in place by vibration by placing the bench on a vibrating table for example. Once the concrete has been poured, it suffices to remove the mold 5 by acting on the extraction devices arranged on the flanges 6,7 of the mold 5.
  • the two elements are coupled 1,2 thus obtained.
  • the fact of using a one-piece mold provided with positioning devices guarantees that the male cone of element 2 will adapt perfectly to the female cone receiving it from element 1, thereby allowing correct transmission of forces. of flexion and torsion.
  • the concrete can be placed by centrifugation. In the case of concreting by centrifugation, an additional step is necessary before the extraction of the mold 5. Indeed during centrifugation there will be created a vacuum located between the outer surface of the conical mold 5 and the female cone. This void will be filled before removing the mold by injecting concrete or any other material which can be hardened by two injection holes made in the body of the female element 1.
  • the prestressing reinforcements can be produced by the technique of adherent wires, these wires then being linked to the concrete, or by strands at the terminals which, once energized, are coupled to the ends of the mast portions, for example to the stop plates 12 .

Abstract

A procedure for making a concrete mast using at least two components (1, 2) which fit one inside the other consists of forming shuttering from the two components, fitting lengthwise and transverse reinforcing elements (3, 4) and a one-piece mould with a double base (8, 9) and two collars (6, 7), and filling with concrete. The concrete is vibrated and/or centrifuged, with the gap left between the outer surface of the mould and the inner surface of the female component filled with a self-hardening mortar after centrifuging. The mould is removed once the concrete has set, e.g. using a nut and bolt mechanism. The lengthwise reinforcing members can be in the form of rods which are sectioned after casting, or pre-stressed cables.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un procédé de fabrication de mâts en béton ainsi qu'un dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé. Cette invention concerne également les mâts en béton directement obtenus par la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé. Ce procédé est particulièrement adapté à la fabrication de mâts d'une longueur importante qui ne peuvent être fabriqués en une seule partie, ou de mâts qui, à cause de contraintes inhérentes à leur transport ou leur stockage, doivent être réalisés en plusieurs éléments.The subject of the present invention is a method for manufacturing concrete masts and a device for implementing this method. This invention also relates to concrete masts directly obtained by the implementation of said method. This method is particularly suitable for the manufacture of masts of a considerable length which cannot be manufactured in a single part, or of masts which, because of constraints inherent in their transport or their storage, must be made of several elements.

On connaît des mâts comportant à l'une de leurs extrémités un cône femelle destiné à recevoir un cône mâle d'une extrémité d'un autre mât, ces cônes étant de dimensions précises correspondantes pour que, lors de l'introduction du cône mâle d'un élément dans le cône femelle d'un autre élément, on obtienne un assemblage avec le moins de jeu possible. L'angle au sommet du cône est choisi pour réaliser un accouplement autobloquant. Cette technique qui nécessite une grande précision dimensionnelle des cônes mâle et femelle des éléments ne peut être utilisée, pour des éléments préfabriqués en béton par centrifugation, que si ces cônes sont fabriqués préalablement dans des moules précis puis incorporés à l'élément de structure lors de sa centrifugation. Il est en effet impossible d'obtenir des cônes, et notamment des cônes femelles présentant la précision dimensionnelle requise par centrifugation. Cette technique, du fait de la précision requise, est trop onéreuse pour la production de mâts préfabriqués en béton par centrifugation. Elle présente encore l'inconvénient de nécessiter la soudure des armatures métalliques du mât à celles du cône lors de la mise en place de ces derniers.Masts are known comprising at one of their ends a female cone intended to receive a male cone from one end of another mast, these cones being of corresponding precise dimensions so that, during the introduction of the male cone d 'an element in the female cone of another element, we obtain an assembly with the least play possible. The angle at the top of the cone is chosen to make a self-locking coupling. This technique, which requires high dimensional precision of the male and female cones of the elements, can only be used, for precast concrete elements by centrifugation, if these cones are produced beforehand in precise molds and then incorporated into the structural element during its centrifugation. It is indeed impossible to obtain cones, and in particular female cones having the dimensional precision required by centrifugation. This technique, because of the precision required, is too expensive for the production of precast concrete masts by centrifugation. It also has the disadvantage of requiring the welding of the metal reinforcements of the mast to those of the cone when the latter are put in place.

Une autre technique de production de mâts en béton soit par centrifugation soit par vibrage sur une table vibrante consiste à utiliser des cônes métalliques respectivement mâle et femelle aux extrémités des éléments du mât. Ces cônes métalliques font office de moule perdu et restent intégrés aux éléments constituant le mât après sa fabrication et son accouplement. Pour diminuer les coûts de production de tels mâts, on a réalisé ces cônes métalliques en tôles roulées avec l'inconvénient que ces cônes ne sont pas très précis. Les deux éléments rapportés sont en contact au joint et du fait de l'imprécision il est nécessaire de remplir l'espace entre le cône femelle et le cône mâle en injectant du béton ou toute autre matière durcissable afin de garantir la bonne transmission des efforts de flexion et torsion.Another technique for producing concrete masts either by centrifugation or by vibration on a vibrating table consists in using metal cones, respectively male and female, at the ends of the elements of the mast. These metal cones act as a lost mold and remain integrated into the elements constituting the mast after its manufacture and coupling. To reduce the production costs of such masts, these metal cones were made from rolled sheets with the disadvantage that these cones are not very precise. The two added elements are in contact with the joint and due to the imprecision it is necessary to fill the space between the female cone and the male cone by injecting concrete or any other curable material in order to guarantee the good transmission of the forces of bending and twisting.

Le but de la présente invention est d'obvier aux inconvénients cités précédemment et d'offrir un procédé de fabrication d'éléments de structure pour réaliser des mâts en béton aussi bien par centrifugation que par vibrage qui ne nécessite pas de moule perdu et qui permette un accouplement des différents éléments du mât précis, sans jeu et donc sans injection lors du montage et qui soit capable de transmettre efficacement les efforts de flexion, de cisaillement et de torsion.The object of the present invention is to obviate the drawbacks mentioned above and to offer a method of manufacturing structural elements for making concrete masts both by centrifugation and by vibration which does not require a lost mold and which allows a coupling of the different elements of the precise mast, without play and therefore without injection during assembly and which is capable of effectively transmitting the bending and shearing forces and twist.

Ce but est atteint par un procédé tel que défini par les étapes énumérées à la revendication 1.This object is achieved by a method as defined by the steps listed in claim 1.

Un autre objet de l'invention concerne un dispositif permettant la mise en oeuvre du procédé cité précédemment et qui se distingue par les caractéristiques énumérées à la revendication 6.Another object of the invention relates to a device allowing the implementation of the method cited above and which is distinguished by the characteristics listed in claim 6.

L'invention concerne également les mâts en béton préfabriqués directement obtenus par ledit procédé.The invention also relates to the precast concrete masts directly obtained by said process.

L'invention va maintenant être décrite schématiquement et à titre d'exemple en référence au dessin annexé dans lequel:

  • La figure 1 représente en plan deux éléments coffrés ainsi que le moule permettant de réaliser les cônes mâle et femelle.
  • La figure 2 représente en plan les deux éléments assemblés une fois le moule retiré.
  • La figure 3 est une coupe selon la ligne A-A de la figure 1.
  • La figure 4 illustre les dispositifs de positionnement répartis sur les collerettes du moule illustrés à la figure 1.
  • La figure 5 est une vue des dispositifs d'extraction permettant d'enlever le moule après la mise en place du béton.
  • La figure 6 est une vue similaire à celle de la figure 4, le mât comportant des armatures de précontrainte.
The invention will now be described schematically and by way of example with reference to the appended drawing in which:
  • Figure 1 shows in plan two formwork elements and the mold for making the male and female cones.
  • Figure 2 shows in plan the two elements assembled once the mold removed.
  • Figure 3 is a section along the line AA in Figure 1.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the positioning devices distributed over the flanges of the mold illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • Figure 5 is a view of the extraction devices for removing the mold after placing the concrete.
  • Figure 6 is a view similar to that of Figure 4, the mast having prestressing frames.

La figure 1 illustre deux éléments 1,2 coffrés et mis en place sur un banc pour être bétonnés. L'élément 1 sera référencé comme l'élément femelle et l'élément 2 comme l'élément mâle. La longueur de chaque élément 1,2 peut être par exemple d'une vingtaine de mètres et leur section être circulaire, ovale, elliptique ou polygonale. Pour diminuer le poids de ces éléments, ils sont généralement creux. Ainsi le corps des éléments 1,2 se présente sous la forme d'un tube prismatique ou cylindrique en béton qui peut être munis d'armatures métalliques longitudinales 3 et transversales 4 fermées sur elles-mêmes afin de renforcer les éléments 1,2. Un moule métallique 5 en une seule pièce est mis en place avant bétonnage entre les deux éléments 1,2 du mât. Ce moule 5 se présente sous la forme d'un tronc de cône fermé à l'une de ses extrémités. Deux collerettes annulaires 6,7 sont agencées à proximité de l'extrémité ouverte du moule 5. Ces collerettes 6,7 sont dirigées vers l'extérieur perpendiculairement à l'axe de révolution du tronc de cône. A son extrémité opposée, le moule 5 est fermé par un fond 8. Un deuxième disque 9 fait office de double fond. Le fond du moule 8 et le disque 9 sont espacés d'une distance sensiblement équivalente à celle séparant les deux collerettes 6,7 dans le sens longitudinal. Il est évident que le double fond du moule peut être réalisé de différentes façons comme par exemple être constitué du fond 8 et d'un bouchon en une matière adaptée comme du SAGEX (marque déposée) par exemple qui remplirait l espace représenté au dessin entre le fond 8 et le disque 9. Les collerettes 6,7 sont pourvues de trous répartis à intervalles réguliers sur leur pourtour. Ces trous 10 coopèrent d'une part avec des dispositifs de positionnement angulaires des deux éléments 1,2 du mât et d'autre part avec des dispositifs d'extraction permettant de faciliter l'extraction du moule après la mise en place du béton. On voit sur la figure 3, huit trous 10 répartis tous les 45 degrés coopérant avec quatre dispositifs de positionnement angulaires et quatre dispositifs d'extraction répartis en alternance sur le pourtour de la collerette 7.Figure 1 illustrates two elements 1,2 shuttered and put in place on a bench to be concreted. Element 1 will be referenced as the female element and element 2 as the male element. The length of each element 1, 2 can be, for example, around twenty meters and their section can be circular, oval, elliptical or polygonal. To reduce the weight of these elements, they are generally hollow. Thus the body of the elements 1,2 is in the form of a prismatic or cylindrical concrete tube which can be provided with longitudinal 3 and transverse 4 metallic reinforcements closed on themselves in order to reinforce the elements 1,2. A metal mold 5 in one piece is put in place before concreting between the two elements 1,2 of the mast. This mold 5 is in the form of a truncated cone closed at one of its ends. Two annular flanges 6,7 are arranged near the open end of the mold 5. These flanges 6,7 are directed outwards perpendicular to the axis of revolution of the truncated cone. At its opposite end, the mold 5 is closed by a bottom 8. A second disc 9 acts as a double bottom. The bottom of the mold 8 and the disc 9 are spaced apart by a distance substantially equivalent to that separating the two flanges 6,7 in the longitudinal direction. It is obvious that the double bottom of the mold can be produced in different ways such as for example being made up of the bottom 8 and of a plug made of a suitable material such as SAGEX (registered trademark) for example which would fill the space shown in the drawing between the bottom 8 and the disc 9. The flanges 6,7 are provided with holes distributed at regular intervals around their periphery. These holes 10 cooperate on the one hand with angular positioning devices of the two elements 1,2 of the mast and on the other hand with extraction devices to facilitate extraction of the mold after placing the concrete. FIG. 3 shows eight holes 10 distributed every 45 degrees cooperating with four angular positioning devices and four extraction devices distributed alternately around the periphery of the flange 7.

Le dispositif de positionnement angulaire, illustré à plus grande échelle à la figure 4, est constitué d'une douille d'assemblage 11 communiquant avec le trou 10 et solidaire d'une plaque 12 prenant appui contre la surface des collerettes 6,7 situées vers l'intérieur des corps des éléments 1,2. Les extrémités des armatures métalliques longitudinales 3 sont soudées contre la surface extérieure des douilles 11. Du côté de l'élément femelle 1, la douille 11 se prolonge par un coffrage permettant de ménager un évidement 13 dans le corps de l'élément 1.The angular positioning device, illustrated on a larger scale in Figure 4, consists of an assembly socket 11 communicating with the hole 10 and secured to a plate 12 bearing against the surface of the flanges 6,7 located towards the inside of the elements bodies 1,2. The ends of the longitudinal metal reinforcements 3 are welded against the external surface of the sockets 11. On the side of the female element 1, the socket 11 is extended by a formwork making it possible to provide a recess 13 in the body of the element 1.

La figure 2 illustre les deux éléments 1,2 du mât après la mise en place du béton et après que l'on ait retiré le moule 5 au moyen des dispositifs d'extraction dont le fonctionnement sera explicité ci-après. La surface extérieure du cône de l'élément mâle 2 vient au contact de la surface interne du cône femelle de l'élément. On notera que le moule 5 est dimensionné et notamment la distance entre les deux collerettes 6,7 de façon à ce que l'extrémité du cône mâle de l'élément 2 n'entre pas en contact avec le fond du cône femelle de l'élément 1 alors que les plaques 12 terminant le bord des cônes ne sont pas non plus en contact. Le fait que ces surfaces ne se touchent pas, une fois les éléments assemblés, évite que la perpendicularité de ces surfaces par rapport à l'axe du cône n'ait une influence sur l'alignement des éléments (1,2). Afin d'augmenter la résistance de l'accouplement à la base du cône, l'espace restant entre ces deux surfaces annulaires 12 peut être rempli d une masse dure qui va augmenter la surface comprimée à ce niveau. Ainsi l'assemblage des deux éléments se fait uniquement par l'entrée en contact des surfaces coniques mâle et femelle. L'angle du cône est de préférence minimum pour faciliter l'extraction du moule 5, mais peut être choisi de manière à ce que l'assemblage soit autobloquant. En définissant par d la distance entre les deux collerettes annulaires 6,7, par m l'épaisseur du moule, et par α l'angle d'ouverture du cône, on obtient la relation approximative suivante : d = m/sin(α)

Figure imgb0001
. La valeur d = m/sin(α)
Figure imgb0002
 est une approximation et doit être ajustée en fonction d'éventuelles imprécisions du moule. Pour garantir que, une fois assemblé, le cône mâle de l'élément 2 ne rentre pas en contact avec le fond du cône femelle de l'élément 1, on prévoit que la distance longitudinale séparant le fond 8 du moule et le disque 9 constituant le double fond du moule, soit légèrement supérieure à d.FIG. 2 illustrates the two elements 1, 2 of the mast after the placing of the concrete and after the mold 5 has been removed by means of the extraction devices, the operation of which will be explained below. The outer surface of the cone of the male element 2 comes into contact with the inner surface of the female cone of the element. It will be noted that the mold 5 is dimensioned and in particular the distance between the two flanges 6,7 so that the end of the male cone of the element 2 does not come into contact with the bottom of the female cone of the element 1 while the plates 12 ending the edge of the cones are also not in contact. The fact that these surfaces do not touch, once the elements have been assembled, prevents the perpendicularity of these surfaces from the axis of the cone has an influence on the alignment of the elements (1,2). In order to increase the resistance of the coupling at the base of the cone, the space remaining between these two annular surfaces 12 can be filled with a hard mass which will increase the compressed surface at this level. Thus the assembly of the two elements is done only by the coming into contact of the male and female conical surfaces. The angle of the cone is preferably minimum to facilitate the extraction of the mold 5, but can be chosen so that the assembly is self-locking. By defining by d the distance between the two annular flanges 6,7, by m the thickness of the mold, and by α the opening angle of the cone, we obtain the following approximate relation: d = m / sin (α)
Figure imgb0001
 . The value d = m / sin (α)
Figure imgb0002
 is an approximation and must be adjusted according to possible inaccuracies of the mold. To ensure that, once assembled, the male cone of the element 2 does not come into contact with the bottom of the female cone of the element 1, it is provided that the longitudinal distance separating the bottom 8 of the mold and the disc 9 constituting the double bottom of the mold, slightly higher than d.

Comme ces cônes ont été obtenus par la paroi d un seul et même moule et qu'ils sont assemblés dans une position angulaire déterminée ou indexée, les éventuelles irrégularités, excentricité etc. de ces cônes ne font qu'augmenter la rigidité de l'assemblage puisqu'ils correspondent exactement.As these cones were obtained by the wall of a single mold and they are assembled in a determined or indexed angular position, any irregularities, eccentricity etc. of these cones only increase the rigidity of the assembly since they correspond exactly.

Des goujons de positionnement 14 viennent se loger dans les douilles 11 assurant de ce fait un positionnement angulaire parfait des éléments 1 et 2. Pour des raisons économiques, le moule 5 est réalisé en tôles roulées et de ce fait n'est pas très précis. Ce fait, au lieu d'être un inconvénient comme dans le cas d'un moule en deux parties, favorise la reprise des efforts de torsion auquel le mât est soumis. En effet, le fait que la section du moule conique 5 ne soit pas parfaitement ronde favorise l'absorption des efforts de torsion, les défauts d'un côté du moule se retrouvant de l'autre. Il est à noter que l on peut favoriser ce fait en donnant à la section du moule 5 une forme légèrement ovale ou elliptique. Il est également possible de réaliser le moule 5 par usinage précis dans une pièce en métal ou en plastique.Positioning studs 14 are housed in the sockets 11 thereby ensuring perfect angular positioning of the elements 1 and 2. For reasons economical, the mold 5 is made of rolled sheets and therefore is not very precise. This fact, instead of being a drawback as in the case of a two-part mold, promotes the resumption of the torsional forces to which the mast is subjected. Indeed, the fact that the section of the conical mold 5 is not perfectly round promotes the absorption of torsional forces, the defects on one side of the mold being found on the other. It should be noted that this fact can be promoted by giving the section of the mold 5 a slightly oval or elliptical shape. It is also possible to produce the mold 5 by precise machining in a metal or plastic part.

La figure 5 illustre le détail des dispositifs d extraction situés sur le pourtour des collerettes 6,7 en alternance avec les dispositifs de positionnement. Ils sont constitués d'un écrou 15 soudé sur la surface externe des collerettes 6,7. Un boulon 16 prend appui en position de service contre les plaques d'arrêt 12 situées sur les surfaces annulaires des cônes mâle et femelle. Lorsque le béton a été mis en place et a fait prise, il suffit de visser les boulons 16 pour écarter le moule 5 des cônes ainsi obtenus.FIG. 5 illustrates the detail of the extraction devices located on the periphery of the flanges 6, 7 alternating with the positioning devices. They consist of a nut 15 welded to the external surface of the flanges 6,7. A bolt 16 bears in the service position against the stop plates 12 located on the annular surfaces of the male and female cones. When the concrete has been placed and set, it suffices to screw the bolts 16 to move the mold 5 away from the cones thus obtained.

Dans une variante, les boulons 16 coopèrant avec les écrous 15 peuvent être remplacés par des vérins hydrauliques.Alternatively, the bolts 16 cooperating with the nuts 15 can be replaced by hydraulic cylinders.

La figure 6 illustre les dispositifs de positionnement dans le cas d'un mât comportant des armatures de précontrainte 17. Ces armatures de précontrainte sont comme illustré au dessin, ancrées à chaque extrémité du mât et mises en tension. Dans ce cas, les collerettes 6,7 comportent des percements supplémentaires permettant le passage de ces armatures 17. Il est également possible de prévoir que ces armatures de précontrainte 17 soient ancrées à l'aide d'un dispositif mécanique prévu sur les plaques d'arrêt et mises en tension à chaque extrémité du mât.FIG. 6 illustrates the positioning devices in the case of a mast comprising prestressing reinforcements 17. These prestressing reinforcements are as illustrated in the drawing, anchored at each end of the mast and tensioned. In this case, the flanges 6,7 have additional holes allowing the passage of these frames 17. It is also possible to provide that these prestressing frames 17 are anchored using a mechanical device provided on the stop plates and tensioned at each end of the mast .

Le procédé de fabrication d'un mât en béton selon la présente invention comporte les étapes suivantes. Il s'agit tout d'abord de la mise en place du coffrage sur un banc de bétonnage d'au moins deux éléments constituant le mât. Il est évident qu'en fonction de la longueur totale du mât plus de deux éléments peuvent être nécessaires pour obtenir la longueur voulue. Après mise en place des coffrages et armatures métalliques longitudinales et transversales constituant la structure du mât, on positionne un moule métallique en une seule pièce à la jonction de deux éléments. Ce moule se présente sous la forme d'un tronc de cône ouvert à l'une de ses extrémités et comporte un fond 8 à l'autre extrémité. A son extrémité ouverte, le moule présente deux collerettes annulaires 6,7 parallèles et sensiblement perpendiculaires à son axe de révolution. Le moule comporte encore un disque 9 parallèle au fond 8 qui fait office de double fond.The method of manufacturing a concrete mast according to the present invention comprises the following steps. First of all, it involves placing the formwork on a concreting bench of at least two elements constituting the mast. It is obvious that, depending on the total length of the mast, more than two elements may be necessary to obtain the desired length. After setting up the longitudinal and transverse metal forms and reinforcements constituting the mast structure, a metal mold is positioned in one piece at the junction of two elements. This mold is in the form of a truncated cone open at one of its ends and has a bottom 8 at the other end. At its open end, the mold has two annular flanges 6,7 parallel and substantially perpendicular to its axis of revolution. The mold also has a disc 9 parallel to the bottom 8 which acts as a double bottom.

La distance longitudinale séparant le fond 8 du disque 9 est légèrement supérieure à l'espacement longitudinal des collerettes 6,7. La distance entre les deux collerettes 6,7 qui dépend de l'épaisseur du moule ainsi que de l'angle d'ouverture du cône, est déterminée afin que, une fois mis l'un sur l'autre, les deux éléments s'emboîtent parfaitement et n'entrent en contact que par leurs surfaces coniques. Une fois les éléments mis en place comme décrit précédemment, on procède à la mise en place du béton. Cette mise en place du béton peut s'effectuer de deux façons différentes. On peut tout d'abord mettre le béton en place par vibrage en disposant le banc sur une table vibrante par exemple. Une fois le béton coulé, il suffit de retirer le moule 5 en agissant sur les dispositifs d'extraction agencés sur les collerettes 6,7 du moule 5. Une fois le moule récupéré, on procède à l'accouplement des deux éléments 1,2 ainsi obtenus. Le fait d'utiliser un moule en une seule pièce muni de dispositifs de positionnement garantit que le cône mâle de l'élément 2 s'adaptera parfaitement au cône femelle le recevant de l'élément 1, permettant de ce fait une transmission correcte des efforts de flexion et de torsion. Dans une variante, le béton peut être mis en place par centrifugation. Dans le cas d'un bétonnage par centrifugation, une étape supplémentaire est nécessaire avant l'extraction du moule 5. En effet lors de la centrifugation il va se créer un vide situé entre la surface extérieure du moule conique 5 et le cône femelle. Ce vide sera remplit avant de retirer le moule par injection de béton ou de tout autre matériau durcissable par deux orifices d'injection pratiqués dans le corps de l'élément femelle 1.The longitudinal distance separating the bottom 8 of the disc 9 is slightly greater than the longitudinal spacing of the flanges 6,7. The distance between the two flanges 6,7 which depends on the thickness of the mold as well as the opening angle of the cone, is determined so that, once placed one on the other, the two elements s' fit together perfectly and come into contact only through their conical surfaces. Once the elements are in place as described above, the concrete is put in place. This concrete placement can be done in two different ways. We can first put the concrete in place by vibration by placing the bench on a vibrating table for example. Once the concrete has been poured, it suffices to remove the mold 5 by acting on the extraction devices arranged on the flanges 6,7 of the mold 5. Once the mold has been collected, the two elements are coupled 1,2 thus obtained. The fact of using a one-piece mold provided with positioning devices guarantees that the male cone of element 2 will adapt perfectly to the female cone receiving it from element 1, thereby allowing correct transmission of forces. of flexion and torsion. Alternatively, the concrete can be placed by centrifugation. In the case of concreting by centrifugation, an additional step is necessary before the extraction of the mold 5. Indeed during centrifugation there will be created a vacuum located between the outer surface of the conical mold 5 and the female cone. This void will be filled before removing the mold by injecting concrete or any other material which can be hardened by two injection holes made in the body of the female element 1.

Dans le cas de mâts comportant des armatures de précontrainte 17 traversant les collerettes 6,7, il est nécessaire de couper ces armatures au niveau des collerettes avant le démoulage du moule 5. Cette opération n'est pas nécessaire si les armatures de précontrainte sont ancrées dans les plaques 12 formant les flasques du cône.In the case of masts having prestressing reinforcements 17 passing through the flanges 6,7, it is necessary to cut these reinforcements at the level of the flanges before demolding the mold 5. This operation is not necessary if the prestressing reinforcements are anchored in the plates 12 forming the flanges of the cone.

Les armatures de précontrainte peuvent être réalisées par la technique des fils adhérents, ces fils étant alors liés au béton, ou par des torons au bornes qui une fois mises sous tension sont accouplées aux extrémités des portions de mât par exemple aux plaques d'arrêt 12.The prestressing reinforcements can be produced by the technique of adherent wires, these wires then being linked to the concrete, or by strands at the terminals which, once energized, are coupled to the ends of the mast portions, for example to the stop plates 12 .

Claims (21)

Procédé de fabrication d'un mât en béton armé précontraint ou non constitué d'au moins deux éléments (1,2) destinés à s'emboîter l'un dans l'autre, caractérisé en ce que l'on réalise un coffrage des éléments (1,2), que l'on met en place les armatures métalliques longitudinales et transversales (3,4) des éléments (1,2), que l'on positionne un moule (5) en une seule pièce comportant un double fond (8,9) ainsi que deux collerettes annulaires (6,7) à la jonction de deux éléments (1,2) puis que l'on procède à la mise en place du béton.Method of manufacturing a mast of pre-stressed or non-prestressed reinforced concrete made up of at least two elements (1,2) intended to fit into one another, characterized in that a formwork is produced for the elements (1,2), that the longitudinal and transverse metal reinforcements (3,4) of the elements (1,2) are put in place, that a mold (5) is positioned in one piece with a double bottom (8,9) as well as two annular flanges (6,7) at the junction of two elements (1,2) then that one proceeds to the placement of the concrete. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on retire le moule (5) après la prise du béton.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mold (5) is removed after the concrete has set. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le béton est mis en place par vibrage.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concrete is placed by vibration. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la mise en place du béton est réalisée par centrifugation dans un moule rotatif adéquat.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the placing of the concrete is carried out by centrifugation in a suitable rotary mold. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu'on injecte une matière durcissable dans le vide apparaissant après centrifugation entre la surface externe du moule (5) et la surface interne du cône femelle de l'élément (1).A method according to claim 4, characterized in that a hardenable material is injected into the vacuum appearing after centrifugation between the external surface of the mold (5) and the internal surface of the female cone of the element (1). Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que les armatures de précontrainte sont des fils adhérents s'étendant sur toute la longueur du mât, que ces fils après prise du béton sont sectionnés entre les collerettes (6,7) du moule.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the prestressing reinforcements are adherent wires extending over the entire length of the mast, that these wires after setting the concrete are sectioned between the flanges (6,7) of the mold. Procédé selon l'une des revendication 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que les armatures de précontrainte sont des torons qui une fois sous tension sont solidarisés des extrémités des éléments du mât.Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the prestressing reinforcements are strands which, when under tension, are secured to the ends of the elements of the mast. Dispositif permettant de réaliser un accouplement conique entre deux éléments préfabriqués en béton armé précontraint ou non, caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué d'un moule (5) présentant la forme d'un tronc de cône, obturé par un fond (8) à son sommet, en ce qu'il comporte un double fond constitué d'un disque (9), et en ce qu'il comporte sur le pourtour de son extrémité ouverte et à proximité de celle-ci deux collerettes annulaires (6,7) dirigées vers l'extérieur.Device for making a conical coupling between two prefabricated elements in pre-stressed or non-prestressed reinforced concrete, characterized in that it consists of a mold (5) having the shape of a truncated cone, closed by a bottom (8) at its top, in that it comprises a double bottom consisting of a disc (9), and in that it comprises on the periphery of its open end and near the latter two annular flanges (6,7 ) directed outwards. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la distance longitudinale séparant le fond (8) du moule (5) et le disque (9) constituant le double fond dudit moule est supérieure à la distance longitudinale séparant les deux collerettes (6,7) cette dernière pouvant s'exprimer en fonction de l'épaisseur du moule par l'approximation m/sin(α)
Figure imgb0003
, α étant l'angle d'ouverture du cône.Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the longitudinal distance separating the bottom (8) of the mold (5) and the disc (9) constituting the double bottom of said mold is greater than the longitudinal distance separating the two flanges (6,7 ) the latter can be expressed as a function of the thickness of the mold by the approximation m / sin (α)
Figure imgb0003
 , α being the opening angle of the cone. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que l'angle α d'ouverture du cône formant le moule est déterminé de façon à réaliser un accouplement autobloquant.Device according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the opening angle α of the cone forming the mold is determined so as to produce a self-locking coupling. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisé en ce que les collerettes (6,7) situées à l'extrémité ouverte du moule conique (5) comportent des percements (10) destinés à coopérer avec des dispositifs de positionnement et des dispositifs d'extraction, ces percements étant répartis à intervalles réguliers sur le pourtour des collerettes annulaires (6,7).Device according to one of Claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the flanges (6,7) situated at the open end of the conical mold (5) have holes (10) intended to cooperate with positioning devices and extraction devices, these openings being distributed at regular intervals around the periphery of the annular flanges (6,7). Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 8 à 11, caractérisé en ce que les dispositifs d'extraction sont constitués d'un écrou (15) solidaire des collerettes (6,7) permettant de recevoir un boulon (16) qui, lorsqu'il est serré, tend à éloigner le moule (5) des éléments (1,2).Device according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the extraction devices consist of a nut (15) integral with the flanges (6,7) allowing to receive a bolt (16) which, when is tight, tends to move the mold (5) away from the elements (1,2). Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 8 à 12, caractérisé en ce que les dispositifs de positionnement sont constitués de douilles de positionnement agencées dans le prolongement des percements des collerettes (6,7) et dirigées vers le corps des éléments (1,2), ces douilles de positionnement étant destinées à recevoir des goujons de positionnement (14) lors de l'emboîtage des éléments (1,2).Device according to one of Claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the positioning devices consist of positioning sockets arranged in the extension of the holes in the flanges (6,7) and directed towards the body of the elements (1,2) , these positioning sockets being intended to receive positioning studs (14) during the fitting of the elements (1,2). Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 8 à 13 caractérisé en ce qu'il est réalisé en tôles roulées.Device according to one of claims 8 to 13 characterized in that it is made of rolled sheets. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 8 à 13 caractérisé en ce qu'il est obtenu par usinage d'une pièce en métal ou en plastique.Device according to one of claims 8 to 13 characterized in that it is obtained by machining a metal or plastic part. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 8 à 15, caractérisé en ce que la section du tronc de cône formant le moule 5 est légèrement ovale.Device according to one of claims 8 to 15, characterized in that the section of the truncated cone forming the mold 5 is slightly oval. Mât en béton armé précontraint ou non comportant au moins deux éléments destinés à être emboîtés l'un dans l'autre, présentant l'un un cône femelle et l'autre un cône mâle correspondant obtenu selon le procédé de la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que lesdits éléments ne sont en contact que par les surfaces en béton de leurs cônes mâle et femelle emboîtés l'un dans l'autre.Mast in pre-stressed or non-prestressed reinforced concrete comprising at least two elements intended to be nested one inside the other, one having a female cone and the other a corresponding male cone obtained according to the method of claim 1, characterized by the fact that said elements are in contact only by the concrete surfaces of their male and female cones nested one inside the other. Mât selon la revendication 17, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments assemblés présentent des surfaces annulaires en regard l'une de l'autre mais ne se touchant pas.Mast according to claim 17, characterized in that the assembled elements have annular surfaces facing each other but not touching. Mât selon la revendication 18, caractérisé par le fait que chacune de ces surfaces annulaires comporte des trous (10) donnant accès à des douilles (11) noyées dans le béton des éléments respectifs et par le fait que des goujons de positionnement (14) sont disposés dans les douilles correspondantes assurant un alignement des deux éléments.Mast according to claim 18, characterized in that each of these annular surfaces has holes (10) giving access to sockets (11) embedded in the concrete of the respective elements and in that the positioning studs (14) are arranged in the corresponding sockets ensuring alignment of the two elements. Mât selon l'une des revendications 17 à 19, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte des fils adhérents de précontrainte.Mast according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that it comprises adherent prestressing wires. Mât selon l'une des revendications 17 à 19, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte des armatures de précontrainte formées de torons solidarisés des extrémités de chaque élément du mât.Mast according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that it comprises prestressing reinforcements formed of strands secured to the ends of each element of the mast.
EP97109519A 1996-06-21 1997-06-12 Process for fabricating a concrete mast, apparatus for carrying out the process and mast obtained therefrom Expired - Lifetime EP0814221B1 (en)

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CH155496 1996-06-21
CH1554/96 1996-06-21
CH01554/96A CH691234A5 (en) 1996-06-21 1996-06-21 A method of manufacturing a concrete mast, the device for implementing this method and pole obtained by this method.

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EP0814221B1 EP0814221B1 (en) 2002-09-18

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ES2291053B1 (en) * 2003-10-07 2009-03-01 Romero Hormelec, S.A. MANUFACTURE AND UNION SYSTEM OF HOLLOW CONCRETE POSTS OF REINFORCED AND / OR PRETENSED CONCRETE.
DE102006030400A1 (en) * 2006-06-29 2008-01-03 Pfleiderer Europoles Gmbh & Co. Kg Transmission tower made of spun concrete

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB386108A (en) * 1931-12-21 1933-01-12 Pfistershammer Josef Reinforced concrete pole
DE1434730A1 (en) * 1963-11-12 1970-01-15 Moll Kg Leonhard Process for the production of steel or prestressed concrete masts consisting of several detachably connected parts and multi-part concrete mast produced according to this process
FR2367158A1 (en) * 1976-10-05 1978-05-05 Gram Sa COUPLING DEVICE FOR REINFORCED OR PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE ELEMENT

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB386108A (en) * 1931-12-21 1933-01-12 Pfistershammer Josef Reinforced concrete pole
DE1434730A1 (en) * 1963-11-12 1970-01-15 Moll Kg Leonhard Process for the production of steel or prestressed concrete masts consisting of several detachably connected parts and multi-part concrete mast produced according to this process
FR2367158A1 (en) * 1976-10-05 1978-05-05 Gram Sa COUPLING DEVICE FOR REINFORCED OR PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE ELEMENT

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CH691234A5 (en) 2001-05-31
ATE224495T1 (en) 2002-10-15
DE69715524D1 (en) 2002-10-24

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