FR3064288A1 - STRUCTURE CARRIER WOOD-CONCRETE - Google Patents
STRUCTURE CARRIER WOOD-CONCRETE Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR3064288A1 FR3064288A1 FR1700298A FR1700298A FR3064288A1 FR 3064288 A1 FR3064288 A1 FR 3064288A1 FR 1700298 A FR1700298 A FR 1700298A FR 1700298 A FR1700298 A FR 1700298A FR 3064288 A1 FR3064288 A1 FR 3064288A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- concrete
- supporting structure
- structure according
- uprights
- screws
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000035744 Hura crepitans Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003423 ankle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
- E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
- E04B2/8647—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties going through the forms
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
- E04B2/70—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood
- E04B2/706—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with supporting function
- E04B2/707—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with supporting function obturation by means of panels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
- E04B1/14—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements being composed of two or more materials
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/16—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
- E04B1/167—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with permanent forms made of particular materials, e.g. layered products
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
- E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
- E04B2/8652—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties located in the joints of the forms
Abstract
L'invention concerne une structure porteuse telle un mur (11) bois/béton (22) caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend une ossature bois (17) avec des montants et sablière associée avec un panneau composite (14) isolant de chaque côté des montants formant ainsi un coffrage (6) à remplir de béton (12), formant ainsi une isolation par l'extérieur (8) et l'intérieur (9) ; lesdits montants (18) étant traversés de vis (13) ou des tirefonds à têtes larges (15) et de filetages épais pour une bonne adhérence dans le béton ; lesdits vis ou tirefonds étant placés à l'horizontale côte à côte et inversés ; les vis (13) ou tirefonds servent de connecteurs (19) lors de la prise du béton empêchant le mouvement relatif des blocs de béton se trouvant dans les intervalles, et assurant ainsi le contreventement et la stabilité mur.The invention relates to a supporting structure such as a wall (11) wood / concrete (22) characterized in that it comprises a wooden frame (17) with uprights and sand plate associated with a composite panel (14) insulating on each side of uprights thereby forming a formwork (6) to be filled with concrete (12), thereby forming insulation from the outside (8) and the interior (9); said posts (18) being traversed by screws (13) or lag bolts (15) and thick threads for good adhesion in the concrete; said screws or bolts being horizontally placed side by side and inverted; the screws (13) or lag screws serve as connectors (19) when setting the concrete preventing the relative movement of the concrete blocks in the intervals, and thus ensuring the bracing and stability wall.
Description
DescriptionDescription
Structure porteuse telle un mur bois/béton connecté comprenant, une ossature bois avec panneau de coffrage isolant, remplissage de béton et procédé pour son obtention.Load-bearing structure such as a connected wood / concrete wall comprising, a wooden frame with insulating formwork panel, concrete filling and method for obtaining it.
La présente invention concerne une structure porteuse comprenant des montants fixés sur une sablière pré-percée pour recevoir des répartiteurs de charge, des anneaux surmontés d'une collerette en acier. Les épaisseur et diamètre sont déterminés par rapport à la charge donnée ; la sablière étant placée dans une goulotte en acier faisant office de guide et d'écarteur pour recevoir les panneaux de coffrage en bois composite ; associer à un isolant, le coffrage ainsi rempli la structure indissociable et particulièrement résistante.The present invention relates to a support structure comprising uprights fixed to a pre-drilled sandpit to receive load distributors, rings surmounted by a steel flange. The thickness and diameter are determined in relation to the given load; the sandpit being placed in a steel chute acting as a guide and spreader for receiving the formwork panels of composite wood; combine with an insulator, the formwork thus filled with the inseparable and particularly resistant structure.
Les montants de la structure bois sont traversés par des vis à haute résistance VB SFS intec spécial pour connecter les planchers bois/béton collaborant. Le même résultat peut être obtenu avec des tirefonds plus ou moins de la même longueur à diamètre supérieur.The uprights of the wooden structure are crossed by high resistance screws VB SFS intec special to connect the wood / concrete floors. The same result can be obtained with lag screws of more or less the same length with a larger diameter.
Le fait que les montants de l'ossature soient pris entre des blocs de béton et rattachés ensemble par les connecteurs, le retrait des bois se produit sans le rapprochement des blocs et est absorbé par les connecteurs. En même temps, on maintient l'ensemble de la structure, ainsi le phénomène de flambage des montants disparaît et la charge de l'appui sur les montants est augmentée.The fact that the uprights of the frame are caught between concrete blocks and connected together by the connectors, the removal of the woods occurs without the blocks coming together and is absorbed by the connectors. At the same time, the entire structure is maintained, thus the buckling phenomenon of the uprights disappears and the load on the support on the uprights is increased.
La rapidité de montage est facile puisque la fabrication de l'ossature bois peut se faire en usine sur un robot de taille de charpente bois. Les orifices nécessaires dans la sablière basse pour loger les répartiteurs de charges et les trous pour les chevilles dans le béton des fondations sont effectués sur le même banc d'usinage.The speed of assembly is easy since the manufacture of the wooden frame can be done in the factory on a robot of size of wooden frame. The holes required in the bottom plate to accommodate the load distributors and the holes for the anchors in the concrete of the foundations are made on the same machining bench.
Les répartiteurs de charge sont nécessaires pour la conception de ce principe de mur :The load distributors are necessary for the design of this wall principle:
1- pour l'appui direct du béton de remplissage sur les fondations.1- for direct support of the filling concrete on the foundations.
2- le fait de concevoir une ossature bois et de faire un remplissage de béton connecté aux montants. On crée une charge et surcharge sur une pièce de bois à l'horizontale, va créer un écrasement systématique, et en plus en cas de ruine (pourrissement, parasites) déstabilisation de l'ouvrage peut provoquer des désordres.2- the fact of designing a wooden frame and making a concrete filling connected to the uprights. We create a load and overload on a piece of wood horizontally, will create a systematic crushing, and in addition in case of ruin (rotting, parasites) destabilization of the work can cause disorders.
Le fait de connecter du bois et du béton est connu pour la réalisation de plancher, la connexion horizontale est connue, la connexion verticale est moins connue, d’où l’idée de faire un dépôt de brevet.The fact of connecting wood and concrete is known for making floors, the horizontal connection is known, the vertical connection is less known, hence the idea of filing a patent.
On sait que le bois a une bonne résistance à la traction et à la compression, pour preuve, on fait de grandes portées en lamellés bois.We know that wood has good tensile and compressive strength, as proof, we make large spans of laminated wood.
L'ossature ainsi connectée sert d'armature filante en continu permettant de faire des étages. Les sablières hautes sont remplacées par un linçoir en couronnement autour de l'ossature bois, permettant l'accrochage du plancher.The framework thus connected serves as a continuous framework for making floors. The tall sand pits are replaced by a crowning liner around the wooden frame, allowing the hanging of the floor.
Les tiges filetées sur montée sur les chevilles fixer aux fondations, sont fixées ensemble pour les abouté par des écrous double. Peut servir en cas de construction antisismique.The threaded rods mounted on the ankles fix to the foundations, are fixed together for the butted by double nuts. Can be used in case of earthquake-resistant construction.
Construction pratique et facile à étayer le tout manuportable, rapide au montage, isolation incorporée dans le coffrage permet de se classer en construction de type basse consommation (BBC).Practical and easy-to-support construction, all portable, quick to assemble, insulation incorporated into the formwork allows classification as low-energy (BBC) construction.
Le remplissage entre les montants peut se faire avec du béton classique sable gravier 350 kg de ciment par m3 et peut se faire avec du béton allégé de type pierre ponce, ou bille d'argile, bille de polystyrène et autres matériaux allégeant le béton, pour plus de résistance on peut mettre de la fibre synthétique.The filling between the uprights can be done with conventional concrete sand gravel 350 kg of cement per m3 and can be done with lightened concrete of the pumice type, or clay ball, polystyrene ball and other materials lightening the concrete, for more resistance you can put synthetic fiber.
Dans l'aspect particulier de l'invention la structure doit respecter la fabrication d'une ossature bois qui doit avoir une sablière comprenant des répartiteurs de charge et que l'ossature soit ouverte en haut, que le linçoir de couronnement serve à maintenir l'ossature et recevoir l'ossature horizontale, laissant le passage libre pour le remplissage du béton.In the particular aspect of the invention, the structure must respect the manufacture of a wooden frame which must have a sandpit comprising load distributors and that the frame is open at the top, that the crowning liners serve to maintain the frame and receive the horizontal frame, leaving free passage for filling concrete.
La figure 1 représente une ossature (17) bois connectée par vis (13) ou tirefond, d’une sablière sur sa semelle métallique (28), et un linçoir de couronnement (20).Figure 1 shows a wooden frame (17) connected by screw (13) or lag screw, a sand plate on its metal sole (28), and a crown liners (20).
La figure 2 représente le principe de la sablière (25) bois sur le guide (28) en acier, principe de perçage pour le passage des répartiteurs (24) de charge, des chevilles de fixation (33) et les tige filetées surmontées (3 8) d'un écrou double(32).FIG. 2 shows the principle of the wooden sand pit (25) on the steel guide (28), the drilling principle for the passage of the load distributors (24), the fixing dowels (33) and the threaded rods topped (3 8) a double nut (32).
La figure 3 représente la semelle(28) métallique avec son relevé (30), et perçage identique à la sablière bois.Figure 3 shows the sole (28) metal with its statement (30), and drilling identical to the wooden sand pit.
La figure 4 représente le principe du coffrage isolant (8, 9), associé à un panneau composite bois (31, 26), maintenu avec des brides en acier(39) ou cadre plastique (36).FIG. 4 represents the principle of the insulating formwork (8, 9), associated with a composite wood panel (31, 26), maintained with steel flanges (39) or plastic frame (36).
La figure 5 représente le principe du positionnement des connecteurs (6) dans les montants soit horizontal ou en oblique avec les têtes inversées (19).FIG. 5 represents the principle of positioning the connectors (6) in the uprights either horizontally or obliquely with the heads reversed (19).
Les figures 6,7 et 8 représentent le positionnement des connecteurs et répartiteurs (24) de charge dans la sablière bois (22).Figures 6,7 and 8 show the positioning of the connectors and load distributors (24) in the wooden plate (22).
La figure 9 représente le panneau (31) composite ondulé (26) pour augmenter la résistance à la pression du béton.FIG. 9 represents the corrugated composite panel (31) (26) to increase the pressure resistance of the concrete.
La figure 10 représente l'écarteur (36) en plastique pour maintenir le coffrage.Figure 10 shows the plastic spacer (36) to hold the formwork.
La figure 11 représente la bride (39) en acier avec des plis à l'équerre aux extrémités pour maintenir le coffrage.Figure 11 shows the steel flange (39) with square pleats at the ends to hold the formwork.
Description détaillée de l’inventionDetailed description of the invention
L’invention concerne une structure porteuse telle un mur (11) bois/béton (22) caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend une ossature bois (17) avec montants et sablière associée avec un panneau composite (14) isolant de chaque côté des montants formant ainsi un coffrage (6) à remplir de béton (12), formant ainsi une isolation par l’extérieur (8) et l’intérieur(9).The invention relates to a supporting structure such as a wood / concrete wall (11) characterized in that it comprises a wooden frame (17) with uprights and sand plate associated with a composite panel (14) insulating on each side of the uprights thus forming a formwork (6) to be filled with concrete (12), thus forming insulation from the outside (8) and the inside (9).
Les montants (18) étant traversés de vis (13) à têtes larges et de filetages (15) épais pour une bonne adhérence dans le béton, ils sont placés avec des espacements plus ou moins régulier à l'horizontale côte à côte et inversés.The uprights (18) being crossed by screws (13) with large heads and thick threads (15) for good adhesion in concrete, they are placed with more or less regular spacings horizontally side by side and inverted.
Les vis (6) ou tirefond servent de connecteurs (19) lors de la prise du béton empêchant le mouvement relatif des blocs de béton se trouvant dans les intervalles, et assurant ainsi le contreventement et la stabilité mur.The screws (6) or lag screw serve as connectors (19) when setting the concrete preventing the relative movement of the concrete blocks in the gaps, and thus ensuring bracing and wall stability.
Ladite structure porteuse est caractérisée en ce que :Said supporting structure is characterized in that:
les montants (18) sont filants au niveau supérieur sans interruption pour laisser passer le coulage du béton (16).the uprights (18) are continuous on the upper level without interruption to allow the pouring of the concrete (16).
- un linçoir (20) est fixé latéralement contre l'ossature (17) pour le support des planchers, laissant ainsi le passage (21) libre pour le coulage du béton.- A lincher (20) is fixed laterally against the frame (17) for supporting the floors, thus leaving the passage (21) free for pouring the concrete.
- la sablière basse (22) est pré-percée pour recevoir les anneaux (24) répartiteurs de charge.- the bottom plate (22) is pre-drilled to receive the rings (24) load distributors.
- la sablière est pré-percée (23) pour le passage des chevilles double expansion (33) fixées dans les fondations.- The sandpit is pre-drilled (23) for the passage of the double expansion plugs (33) fixed in the foundations.
- une semelle métallique (28) avec un relevé (30) pour retenir les panneaux de coffrage est positionnée sous la sablière (32) de l'ossature bois.- a metal soleplate (28) with a raised (30) for retaining the formwork panels is positioned under the plate (32) of the wooden frame.
- les perçages sont superposables (29) à la sablière bois (32).- the holes are superimposable (29) on the wooden sand plate (32).
- les panneaux de coffrage sont composites (26) et ondulés (31) permettant une bonne adhésion du béton pour le contreventement de l'ossature.- the formwork panels are composite (26) and corrugated (31) allowing good adhesion of the concrete for the bracing of the frame.
- les chevilles à double expansion (33) sont surmontées de tige filetées (38) d'une longueur suffisante d'un étage, et raccordées entre elles par écrous doubles (32).- The double expansion plugs (33) are surmounted by threaded rod (38) of sufficient length by one stage, and connected to each other by double nuts (32).
- le béton de remplissage est en béton allégé (37), béton/styrène, d’argile, pierre ponce, coulé en une seul fois.- the filling concrete is lightweight concrete (37), concrete / styrene, clay, pumice, poured in one go.
- des cadres écarteurs plastiques (36) sont disposés entre les montants, en chevauchant les travées de panneaux bois composite.- plastic spacer frames (36) are arranged between the uprights, overlapping the spans of composite wood panels.
- plusieurs brides (39) en acier sont disposées en cavalier sur les panneaux bois composite.- several steel flanges (39) are arranged in a jumper on the composite wood panels.
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1700298A FR3064288B1 (en) | 2017-03-22 | 2017-03-22 | WOOD-CONCRETE BEARING STRUCTURE |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1700298 | 2017-03-22 | ||
| FR1700298A FR3064288B1 (en) | 2017-03-22 | 2017-03-22 | WOOD-CONCRETE BEARING STRUCTURE |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR3064288A1 true FR3064288A1 (en) | 2018-09-28 |
| FR3064288B1 FR3064288B1 (en) | 2022-01-14 |
Family
ID=61223921
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1700298A Active FR3064288B1 (en) | 2017-03-22 | 2017-03-22 | WOOD-CONCRETE BEARING STRUCTURE |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR3064288B1 (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996035024A1 (en) * | 1995-05-04 | 1996-11-07 | Ma-Rakennus J. Mäntylä Ky | Wall construction and method of manufacturing a wall construction |
| FR2984932A1 (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-06-28 | Quille Construction | Composite wall for residential building, has outer and inner walls spaced to define continuous accommodation space in which insulator is arranged, where inner wall is formed from wooden formwork with concrete casting |
-
2017
- 2017-03-22 FR FR1700298A patent/FR3064288B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996035024A1 (en) * | 1995-05-04 | 1996-11-07 | Ma-Rakennus J. Mäntylä Ky | Wall construction and method of manufacturing a wall construction |
| FR2984932A1 (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-06-28 | Quille Construction | Composite wall for residential building, has outer and inner walls spaced to define continuous accommodation space in which insulator is arranged, where inner wall is formed from wooden formwork with concrete casting |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3064288B1 (en) | 2022-01-14 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA2625825C (en) | New type of building, method and means for erecting it | |
| JP2009526928A (en) | Unitized post-tension block system for masonry structures | |
| WO2011157972A1 (en) | Method for constructing a building using bricks connected using dry joints | |
| EP3310973A1 (en) | Construction of the prefabricated column and beam type | |
| FR3017889A1 (en) | COMPOSITE BUILDING PANEL | |
| FR3064288A1 (en) | STRUCTURE CARRIER WOOD-CONCRETE | |
| FR2885624A1 (en) | Base unit`s e.g. ground floor, lateral wall constructing method for prefabricated building, involves pouring and hardening cement material in molds delimited by panels, where material is penetrated into perforations and is solidified | |
| FR2979363A1 (en) | Industrial construction for e.g. emergency dwellings, has metal parts charged to hook and fix cross-pieces, frameworks, partition posts and junction panels at gantries for allowing filling and connecting of walls and roof with gantries | |
| WO2006102733A1 (en) | Column-based building and round timber anchorage | |
| FR2956419A1 (en) | ELEMENTS OF CONSTRUCTION CALORIFUGES | |
| FR2610022A1 (en) | CONSTRUCTIVE SYSTEM, BY MODULAR WOOD FRAMES, FORMING STRUCTURES, AND METHOD OF MOUNTING | |
| TW201706486A (en) | Pre cast wall construction method | |
| WO1995002094A1 (en) | Detachable versatile anchoring and connecting construction for frameworks with prefabricated substructures | |
| FR2744471A1 (en) | Prefabricated hollow brick modules for cladding, load bearing walls, acoustic insulation, low walls and other construction | |
| FR2533602A1 (en) | Method for fabricating thick structures in reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete | |
| BE336821A (en) | ||
| FR3126234A1 (en) | WALL PANEL AND METHOD FOR MAKING SUCH A WALL PANEL | |
| FR3021982A1 (en) | BUILDING ELEMENT FOR A BUILDING AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A MEMBER | |
| JP2973334B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of steel pipe concrete column | |
| EP1045091B1 (en) | Construction element reinforcement method | |
| JP2021008774A (en) | Wall | |
| FR3014464A1 (en) | RETRACTOR FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A WALL OF AN EDIFICE | |
| CH212826A (en) | Construction element, such as beam, pillar, pylon, slab, wall, partition, and method of establishing this element. | |
| JP2002081282A (en) | Gate | |
| BE495756A (en) |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 2 |
|
| PLSC | Publication of the preliminary search report |
Effective date: 20180928 |
|
| PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
| PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
| PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 8 |