EP3850168B1 - Construction element - Google Patents

Construction element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3850168B1
EP3850168B1 EP19762978.5A EP19762978A EP3850168B1 EP 3850168 B1 EP3850168 B1 EP 3850168B1 EP 19762978 A EP19762978 A EP 19762978A EP 3850168 B1 EP3850168 B1 EP 3850168B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cavity
block
frame
construction element
construction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19762978.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3850168A1 (en
EP3850168C0 (en
Inventor
Gabriel LAKATOS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gablok Sa
Original Assignee
Gablok Sa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Gablok Sa filed Critical Gablok Sa
Priority to EP24167565.1A priority Critical patent/EP4372167A3/en
Priority to RS20240691A priority patent/RS65671B1/en
Publication of EP3850168A1 publication Critical patent/EP3850168A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3850168B1 publication Critical patent/EP3850168B1/en
Publication of EP3850168C0 publication Critical patent/EP3850168C0/en
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/08—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0289—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material
    • E04B2002/0293—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material solid material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a construction element making it possible, for example, to build a wall or a vertical wall.
  • the document US3885363 A describes a construction element comprising a preformed insulating insert placed in a cavity of a concrete frame. Such construction elements can be used to build a wall by assembling them with mortar for example. This assembly requires precision so that the construction elements are well aligned and time to place the mortar and also because of this precision.
  • the document DE202007009654U1 describes a brick with at least two vertical cavities open and provided with an insulating material.
  • the document AT340640B describes concrete bricks having vertical cavities that can be filled with insulating material.
  • the document US5349798A describes an insulating insert that fits into the cores of concrete building blocks.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a construction element that is easy and quick to assemble, and does not require the installation of mortar.
  • the block when two frames are superimposed so that the cavities are aligned, the upper end of the block can be engaged in the cavity of the frame above while the lower end of the block can be engaged in the cavity of the frame below.
  • the block itself serves as a means of fixing and alignment between the construction element and a second element of identical construction. It is therefore not necessary to put mortar between two superimposed construction elements.
  • the fixing between two superimposed construction elements is particularly solid. We can consider that the two frames are fitted snugly onto the block.
  • each block can be retracted as much as possible into the frame during transport, in order to reduce the transport volume and for the block to be at least partially protected by the frame during transport and on the site, before construction.
  • the block remains blocked in the cavity by lateral mechanical compression when it is not subjected to any pressure in a first direction, but it moves relative to the frame when it is subjected to external pressure in the first direction.
  • the block is intended to be fitted snugly into the cavity.
  • the first direction is preferably a vertical direction.
  • the block can for example be made of a compressible material or have a surface structure allowing this movement under pressure and blocking in the absence of pressure.
  • the block is such that the action of a force causes it to slide in the cavity, but if it is not subject to forces other than gravity it is stuck immovable in the cavity.
  • human force is sufficient to slide the block into the frame.
  • external pressure is pressure sufficient to move the block within the cavity.
  • the force corresponding to the external pressure is greater than the force of gravity, so that the block remains immobilized by the frame when it is only subjected to the action of gravity.
  • the external pressure is preferably a pressure in the first direction.
  • the construction element is arranged to weigh less than 20 kg, more preferably less than 15 kg.
  • a prototype of a construction element measuring 300 mm x 300 mm x 300 mm in which the frame is made of OSB and the block is made of expanded polystyrene weighs approximately 4 kg.
  • the frame is preferably an object formed of a plurality of plane walls parallel to the first direction, so as to delimit the cavity in any direction perpendicular to the first direction.
  • Each wall can for example be formed from a panel.
  • the frame is preferably free of grooves on its exterior surface.
  • the cavity is arranged to allow the block to slide from its lower end towards its upper end.
  • the frame can for example be between 100 and 800 mm in height, preferably around 300 mm.
  • the frame can for example be between 100 and 800 mm deep, preferably around 300 mm.
  • the frame can for example be between 100 and 800 mm wide, preferably around 300 mm.
  • the walls of the frame are for example of a thickness between 10 and 30 mm, preferably around 18 mm.
  • the frame can for example be cubic.
  • One function of the frame is to provide the exterior walls of the wall. It also makes it possible to permanently fix several construction elements together so as to form removable modules in relation to each other. A wall can thus be built by placing modules offset from each other, for example staggered.
  • the frame is preferably formed of a thermal insulating material.
  • the upper opening of the cavity is located on an upper end of the frame and the lower opening of the cavity is located on a lower end of the frame.
  • the upper opening of the cavity is identical to the lower opening of the cavity.
  • the block is preferably a solid and solid object.
  • the block is preferably formed in a homogeneous and isotropic material.
  • the block is thermally insulating.
  • the block may for example be made of or include expanded polystyrene, graphitized expanded polystyrene, or polyurethane foam.
  • THE block can for example be in one or more material(s) having a Young's modulus greater than 1.0 GPa, preferably between 2.0 and 4.0 GPa, more preferably between 2.5 and 3.5 GPa.
  • the block is rigid enough to block the frame when partially engaged in the frame cavity.
  • the block is preferably made of a flame-resistant material.
  • the block preferably extends between all the side walls of the frame, so as to be in contact with them.
  • the block is preferably such that it extends between all the side walls of the two frames, so as to be in contact with them.
  • the height of the block is equal to the height of the frame.
  • the block extends laterally between several parts of surfaces forming a triangle, a rectangle or a square.
  • These surface parts preferably comprise a flat part intended to be in contact with the interior surface of the cavity and a recessed part so as to form a chamfer at the upper end of the block.
  • the block can for example be between 100 and 800 mm in height, preferably around 300 mm.
  • the block can for example be between 100 and 800 mm deep, preferably around 263 mm.
  • the block can for example be between 100 and 800 mm wide, preferably around 263 mm.
  • the width of the block is preferably equal to its depth.
  • One function of the block is to form the male part of the arrangement by interlocking while the frames form the female parts. Another function of the block is to provide excellent thermal and sound insulation.
  • the cavity and the block are such that the block can enter the cavity through its lower opening and exit through its upper opening. Thus, it is possible to completely slide the block completely out of the cavity.
  • the difference, taken as an absolute value, between at least one lateral extent of the cavity and a corresponding lateral extent of the block measured when the block is outside the cavity is less than 3 mm, preferably less than 2 mm, more preferably less than 1 mm.
  • the lateral extent of the block may be less, greater than or equal to the lateral extent of the cavity, but the difference between these two extents is preferably less than 3 mm, 2 mm or 1 mm.
  • the block is designed to be inserted particularly closely into the cavity.
  • a “lateral extent” of an element can be for example its length, its width, its depth.
  • a lateral extent of the block generally corresponds to a lateral extent of the cavity: for example the width of the block corresponds to the width of the cavity and the depth of the block corresponds to the depth of the cavity.
  • the absolute value of the difference between the lateral extent of the block and the corresponding lateral extent of the cavity is preferably less than 1% of the lateral extent of the block, more preferably less than 0.5% of the lateral extent of the block.
  • the block may be sufficiently compressible laterally so that its lateral extent decreases when it is engaged, at least partially, in the cavity.
  • the difference, in absolute value, between the width of the cavity and the width of the block measured when the block is outside the cavity is less than 3 mm, preferably less than 2 mm, more preferably less than 1 mm and/or the difference, in absolute value, between the depth of the cavity and the depth of the block measured when the block is outside the cavity is less than 3 mm, preferably less than 2 mm, more preferably less than 1 mm.
  • the upper end of the block is chamfered and/or corners of the upper end of the block are rounded.
  • This chamfer makes it possible to reduce the width and/or depth of the block at its upper end in order to be able to easily enter the block into the cavity through the lower opening of the frame, particularly if the lateral dimension of the block outside the cavity is close to the corresponding lateral dimension of the cavity.
  • the chamfer can, for example, be approximately 1 cm.
  • the frame comprises side walls delimiting the cavity laterally, and the block is provided to be in mechanical contact with all the side walls of the frame when it is blocked, at least partially, in the cavity.
  • the block is in mechanical contact with all the side walls over at least 50% or 80% of the height of the block which is in the cavity.
  • the height of the frame is substantially equal to the height of the block.
  • a "height" of an object is preferably the maximum distance between the lower end and the upper end of the object.
  • the frame and the block have a polygonal, hexagonal, rectangular, triangular or square section in a plane perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the horizontal section of the frame and that of the block are preferably rectangular, more preferably square.
  • the cavity is delimited by flat surfaces parallel to the first direction.
  • the flat surfaces which delimit the cavity are not inclined relative to the first direction. This notably avoids any shrinkage of the cavity upwards or downwards.
  • the frame is at least partially made of wood and/or polymer.
  • the frame can be made of any material including wood.
  • it can be made from called oriented strand board, which is sometimes known as OSB. MDF is also possible.
  • the frame can also be made of a polymer.
  • the frame does not include concrete.
  • concrete walls would have to be much thicker than wood and/or polymer walls, which would make the construction element heavy.
  • the assembly does not include any bonding means between the frame of the first construction element and the frame of the second construction element.
  • a construction module comprising a first and a second construction elements according to any embodiment of the invention, and in which the frame of the first construction element is fixed laterally, for example by screwing and/or bonding, to the frame of the second construction element.
  • the different construction elements of a module are preferably identical.
  • the construction module further comprises a third construction element according to any embodiment of the invention fixed laterally to the frame of the second construction element.
  • the three construction elements of the module are aligned or arranged in a corner.
  • the modules are thus arranged offset from each other so as to obtain a particularly solid wall.
  • the wall may further comprise posts attached to several building modules. This helps reinforce the stability of the wall.
  • the wall may further comprise a board on which some of the construction elements are fixed, the frame of the construction elements fixed to the board comprising a lower cutout receiving at least one upper part of the board.
  • the board can be called a sandbox.
  • the invention further proposes a building comprising an assembly as described above or a wall according to any embodiment of the invention.
  • first and second are used only to differentiate between the different elements and do not imply an order between these elements.
  • THE figures 1a to 1d illustrate an example of frame 1 and an example of block 2 which can be part of a construction element 10 according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the first direction 101 is preferably considered as a vertical direction.
  • the frame 1 comprises a cavity 22.
  • the cavity 22 passes through the frame 1 between an upper end of the frame 1 and a lower end of the frame 1.
  • the cavity 22 is opened by an upper opening 22a and a lower opening 22b opposite each other. the other.
  • the frame 1 comprises side walls 23, for example two first walls 1a (front and rear walls) and two second walls 1b (left and right walls). It is preferred that the second walls 1b are blocked laterally between the two first walls 1a. This can be seen in the figure 1b .
  • the block 2 is arranged to be mechanically stuck in the cavity 22 when no external pressure is exerted on it, and to move in the first direction 101 when it is subjected to an external pressure capable of moving it in the first direction 101 .
  • the block 2 has an upper end 25 and a lower end 26.
  • the upper end 25 of the block 2 is arranged to be engaged, in the first direction 101, in the upper opening 22a and in the lower opening 22b of the cavity 22.
  • the upper end 25 of the block 2 can thus engage in the upper opening 22a of the cavity of a first frame 1 and in the lower opening 22b of the cavity of a second frame 1, identical to the first frame 1, and located above the first frame 1.
  • the entire block 2 can be engaged in the cavity 22 following the upper end 25 of the block 2.
  • the block 2 has a chamfer 21 on an edge of its upper end 25, so as to be easily inserted into the frame 1.
  • the block 2 can slide in the frame 1 in the first direction 101, and its dimensions are chosen so that, in the absence of pressure, the block 2 is mechanically blocked in the frame 1.
  • the frame 1 and the block 2 are of square horizontal section, but it could have another shape while remaining within the scope of the invention.
  • FIG. 1a illustrates the block 2 partially inserted in the cavity 22 of the frame 1, so that it protrudes from the cavity 22 by its upper end 25. This figure makes it possible to illustrate the height 51 of the frame 1 and the height 52 of the block 2.
  • FIG 1b makes it possible in particular to illustrate the width 53 of the cavity 22, as well as its depth 55.
  • the figure 1c allows in particular to illustrate the width 54 of block 2, as well as its depth 56.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates two stacked construction elements 10.
  • the block 2 of the lower construction element 10 is partially engaged, through its upper end 25, in the frame 1 of the upper construction element 10.
  • the construction elements 10 are assembled by nesting on top of each other, by shifting the block 2 relative to the frame 1, so that the block 2 is partially received in two frames located one on top of the other.
  • the construction module 100 comprises several construction elements 10 according to the invention, for example two construction elements 10 for the module 100 illustrated in Figure 3 and three construction elements 10 for the module 100 illustrated in Figure 4 .
  • the construction elements 10 are preferably fixed together via a side wall at a junction 3 between two frames 1, so as to be at the same height.
  • a single panel forms the front walls 1a of the frames 1 of several construction elements 10 and a single panel forms the rear walls 1a of the frames 1 of several construction elements.
  • the blocks 2 of the different construction elements can be moved independently.
  • FIG 5a illustrates a possible assembly with a construction element 10 according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • This assembly is particularly advantageous for forming the lowest level of a wall.
  • This assembly can for example include basic blocks 8, a hermetic layer 7, a board 5 and construction elements 10.
  • the basic blocks 8 are for example Ytong blocks aligned in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the figure 5a .
  • the hermetic layer 7 is for example formed from a sheet of EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene monomer).
  • the board 5, which can be called a sand pit, is preferably fixed by fixing means or screws 9 to the base blocks 8.
  • the construction elements 10, with a frame 1 where the second walls 1b are shortened as shown in figure 5b are arranged so that the board 5 is engaged between the first walls 1a and preferably abuts against the lower ends of the second walls 1b. Fixing means or screws 6 can be used to fix the first walls 1a to the board 5.
  • FIG. 5b illustrates the frame 1 whose second walls 1b are shorter than the first walls 1a, so as to create a passage 16 arranged to receive at least the upper part of the board 5.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a wall 200 comprising modules 100, 100a, 100b, 100c according to one embodiment of the invention and uprights 4. For reasons of clarity, only certain blocks are represented. They are shown in dotted lines to indicate that they are hidden inside the modules.
  • the modules 100 are preferably arranged vertically offset, so that a first part of an upper module rests on a first lower module and a second part of an upper module rests on a second lower module.
  • first 120 and second 130 blocks belonging to a first module 100a to be located partially in the first module 100a and partially respectively in a second module 100b and third module 100c. This results in a mechanical coupling between the second 100b and third 100c modules, via the first module 100a.
  • the wall 200 it is for example possible to cut the upper ends of the protruding blocks, or to provide blocks of lower height, in order to finish the wall with a horizontal surface.
  • the uprights 4 which can also be called rafters, are fixed, for example screwed or nailed, to several superimposed construction elements.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a part of a wall comprising a window 11.
  • the window 11 is an open part of the wall. It is delimited for example by a lower board 14 at the bottom, an upper board 15 at the top and lateral construction elements 10.
  • the upper board 15 preferably rests on second walls 1b of two of these side construction elements, which can be called first side construction elements 10c.
  • the wall also includes a lintel 12 located above the tureen board 15 and these first lateral construction elements 10c.
  • the lintel 12 is a construction module in which central construction elements 10a have their two second walls 1b shorter than their two first walls 1a, and end construction elements 10b have one of their two second walls 1b shorter than their first two walls 1a.
  • the blocks 2 of the first lateral construction elements 10c are partially inserted into the cavities of the end construction elements 10b.
  • the invention relates to an assembly comprising a first and a second construction elements 10 comprising a frame 1 and a block 2 capable of sliding in the frame 1 when it is subjected to an external force.
  • Block 2 can thus form a tenon between two superimposed frames 1 forming mortises.
  • Construction elements 10 fixed together laterally form modules 100 which can be assembled offset from one level to another so as to form a wall.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

Description

Domaine techniqueTechnical area

La présente invention concerne un élément de construction permettant par exemple de construire un mur ou une paroi verticale.The present invention relates to a construction element making it possible, for example, to build a wall or a vertical wall.

Art antérieurPrior art

Le document US3885363 A décrit un élément de construction comprenant un insert isolant préformé disposé dans une cavité d'un cadre en béton. De tels éléments de construction peuvent servir à construire un mur en les assemblant avec du mortier par exemple. Cet assemblage demande de la précision pour que les éléments de construction soient bien alignés et du temps pour placer le mortier et aussi à cause de cette précision. Le document DE202007009654U1 décrit une brique avec au moins deux cavités verticales ouvertes et munies d'un matériau isolant. Le document AT340640B décrit des briques de béton ayant des cavités verticales pouvant être remplis de matériau isolant. Le document US5349798A décrit un insert isolant qui s'insère dans les noyaux de blocs de construction en béton.The document US3885363 A describes a construction element comprising a preformed insulating insert placed in a cavity of a concrete frame. Such construction elements can be used to build a wall by assembling them with mortar for example. This assembly requires precision so that the construction elements are well aligned and time to place the mortar and also because of this precision. The document DE202007009654U1 describes a brick with at least two vertical cavities open and provided with an insulating material. The document AT340640B describes concrete bricks having vertical cavities that can be filled with insulating material. The document US5349798A describes an insulating insert that fits into the cores of concrete building blocks.

Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention

Un objet de la présente invention est de fournir un élément de construction facile et rapide à assembler, et ne nécessitant pas de pose de mortier.An object of the present invention is to provide a construction element that is easy and quick to assemble, and does not require the installation of mortar.

L'invention propose un assemblage comprenant un premier et un deuxième éléments de construction, chaque élément de construction comprenant :

  • un cadre comprenant une cavité débouchant par une ouverture supérieure et une ouverture inférieure, et
  • un bloc agencé pour se mouvoir selon une première direction dans la cavité sous l'action d'une pression extérieure et à rester bloqué au moins partiellement dans la cavité en l'absence de pression extérieure,
élément de construction dans lequel une extrémité supérieure du bloc est apte à s'engager dans l'ouverture supérieure de la cavité et est apte à s'engager dans l'ouverture inférieure de la cavité. L'assemblage est tel que le cadre du deuxième élément de construction est posé sur le cadre du premier élément de construction et le bloc du premier élément de construction est bloqué mécaniquement dans la cavité du cadre du premier élément de construction et dans la cavité du cadre du deuxième élément de construction.The invention proposes an assembly comprising a first and a second construction element, each construction element comprising:
  • a frame comprising a cavity opening through an upper opening and a lower opening, and
  • a block arranged to move in a first direction in the cavity under the action of an external pressure and to remain blocked at least partially in the cavity in the absence of external pressure,
construction element in which an upper end of the block is able to engage in the upper opening of the cavity and is able to engage in the lower opening of the cavity. The assembly is such that the frame of the second construction element is placed on the frame of the first construction element and the block of the first construction element is mechanically locked in the cavity of the frame of the first construction element and in the cavity of the frame of the second construction element.

Dans la présente invention, lorsque deux cadres sont superposés de façon à ce que les cavités soient alignées, l'extrémité supérieure du bloc peut être engagée dans la cavité du cadre du dessus tandis que l'extrémité inférieure du bloc peut être engagée dans la cavité du cadre du dessous. Ainsi, le bloc lui-même sert de moyen de fixation et d'alignement entre l'élément de construction et un deuxième élément de construction identique. Il n'est donc pas nécessaire de mettre du mortier entre deux éléments de construction superposés.In the present invention, when two frames are superimposed so that the cavities are aligned, the upper end of the block can be engaged in the cavity of the frame above while the lower end of the block can be engaged in the cavity of the frame below. Thus, the block itself serves as a means of fixing and alignment between the construction element and a second element of identical construction. It is therefore not necessary to put mortar between two superimposed construction elements.

Comme le bloc est bloqué dans la cavité lorsqu'aucune force autre que la gravité ne s'exerce dessus, la fixation entre deux éléments de construction superposés est particulièrement solide. On peut considérer que les deux cadres sont emboités de façon ajustée sur le bloc.As the block is blocked in the cavity when no force other than gravity is exerted on it, the fixing between two superimposed construction elements is particularly solid. We can consider that the two frames are fitted snugly onto the block.

Le fait que le bloc puisse être déplacé dans le cadre donne de la flexibilité sur la position relative du bloc par rapport au cadre. En outre, cela permet que chaque bloc soit rentré au maximum dans le cadre lors du transport, afin de diminuer le volume de transport et que le bloc soit au moins partiellement protégé par le cadre lors du transport et sur le chantier, avant la construction.The fact that the block can be moved within the frame gives flexibility on the relative position of the block in relation to the frame. In addition, this allows each block to be retracted as much as possible into the frame during transport, in order to reduce the transport volume and for the block to be at least partially protected by the frame during transport and on the site, before construction.

Le bloc reste bloqué dans la cavité par compression mécanique latérale lorsqu'il n'est soumis à aucune pression selon une première direction, mais il se déplace par rapport au cadre lorsqu'il est soumis à une pression extérieure selon la première direction. Le bloc est prévu pour être inséré de façon ajustée dans la cavité. Lorsque qu'un mur est construit avec l'élément de construction, la première direction est de préférence une direction verticale.The block remains blocked in the cavity by lateral mechanical compression when it is not subjected to any pressure in a first direction, but it moves relative to the frame when it is subjected to external pressure in the first direction. The block is intended to be fitted snugly into the cavity. When a wall is constructed with the construction element, the first direction is preferably a vertical direction.

Le bloc peut par exemple être dans un matériau compressible ou avoir une structure de surface permettant ce mouvement sous pression et blocage en l'absence de pression.The block can for example be made of a compressible material or have a surface structure allowing this movement under pressure and blocking in the absence of pressure.

Le bloc est tel que l'action d'une force le fait coulisser dans la cavité, mais s'il ne subit d'autres forces que la gravité il est coincé de façon immobile dans la cavité. De préférence, la force humaine est suffisante pour faire coulisser le bloc dans le cadre.The block is such that the action of a force causes it to slide in the cavity, but if it is not subject to forces other than gravity it is stuck immovable in the cavity. Preferably, human force is sufficient to slide the block into the frame.

Dans le cadre du présent document, une « pression extérieure » est une pression suffisante pour déplacer le bloc dans la cavité. La force correspondant à la pression extérieure est supérieure à la force de gravité, de façon à ce que le bloc reste immobilisé par le cadre quand il n'est soumis qu'à la seule action de la gravité. La pression extérieure est préférentiellement une pression selon la première direction.For the purposes of this document, "external pressure" is pressure sufficient to move the block within the cavity. The force corresponding to the external pressure is greater than the force of gravity, so that the block remains immobilized by the frame when it is only subjected to the action of gravity. The external pressure is preferably a pressure in the first direction.

De préférence, l'élément de construction est agencé pour peser moins de 20 kg, plus préférentiellement moins de 15 kg. Par exemple, un prototype d'un élément de construction faisant 300 mm x 300 mm x 300 mm dans lequel le cadre est en OSB et le bloc en polystyrène expansé, fait environ 4 kg.Preferably, the construction element is arranged to weigh less than 20 kg, more preferably less than 15 kg. For example, a prototype of a construction element measuring 300 mm x 300 mm x 300 mm in which the frame is made of OSB and the block is made of expanded polystyrene, weighs approximately 4 kg.

Le cadre est de préférence un objet formé d'une pluralité de parois planes parallèles à la première direction, de façon à délimiter la cavité dans toute direction perpendiculaire à la première direction. Chaque paroi peut par exemple être formée d'un panneau. Le cadre est de préférences dénué de rainures sur sa surface extérieure.The frame is preferably an object formed of a plurality of plane walls parallel to the first direction, so as to delimit the cavity in any direction perpendicular to the first direction. Each wall can for example be formed from a panel. The frame is preferably free of grooves on its exterior surface.

La cavité est agencée pour permettre le coulissement du bloc depuis son extrémité inférieure vers son extrémité supérieure.The cavity is arranged to allow the block to slide from its lower end towards its upper end.

Le cadre peut par exemple faire entre 100 et 800 mm de hauteur, préférentiellement environ 300 mm. Le cadre peut par exemple faire entre 100 et 800 mm de profondeur, préférentiellement environ 300 mm. Le cadre peut par exemple faire entre 100 et 800 mm de largeur, préférentiellement environ 300 mm. Les parois du cadre sont par exemple d'une épaisseur entre 10 et 30 mm, préférentiellement environ 18 mm. Le cadre peut par exemple être cubique.The frame can for example be between 100 and 800 mm in height, preferably around 300 mm. The frame can for example be between 100 and 800 mm deep, preferably around 300 mm. The frame can for example be between 100 and 800 mm wide, preferably around 300 mm. The walls of the frame are for example of a thickness between 10 and 30 mm, preferably around 18 mm. The frame can for example be cubic.

Une fonction du cadre est de fournir les parois extérieures du mur. Il permet aussi de fixer durablement plusieurs éléments de construction ensemble de façon à former des modules amovibles les uns par rapport aux autres. Un mur peut ainsi être construit en plaçant des modules en décalage les uns par rapport aux autres, par exemple en quinconce.One function of the frame is to provide the exterior walls of the wall. It also makes it possible to permanently fix several construction elements together so as to form removable modules in relation to each other. A wall can thus be built by placing modules offset from each other, for example staggered.

Le cadre est préférentiellement formé d'un matériau isolant thermique.The frame is preferably formed of a thermal insulating material.

De préférence, l'ouverture supérieure de la cavité est située sur une extrémité supérieure du cadre et l'ouverture inférieure de la cavité est située sur une extrémité inférieure du cadre. De préférence, l'ouverture supérieure de la cavité et identique à l'ouverture inférieure de la cavité.Preferably, the upper opening of the cavity is located on an upper end of the frame and the lower opening of the cavity is located on a lower end of the frame. Preferably, the upper opening of the cavity is identical to the lower opening of the cavity.

Le bloc est de préférence un objet solide et plein. Le bloc est préférentiellement formé dans un matériau homogène et isotrope. Le bloc est isolant thermique. Le bloc peut par exemple être en ou comprendre du polystyrène expansé, du polystyrène expansé graphité, ou de la mousse de polyuréthane. Le bloc peut par exemple être dans un ou plusieurs matériau(x) ayant un module de Young supérieur à 1,0 GPa, préférentiellement entre 2,0 et 4,0 GPa, plus préférentiellement entre 2,5 et 3,5 GPa. Le bloc est suffisamment rigide pour bloquer le cadre lorsqu'il est partiellement engagé dans la cavité du cadre. Le bloc est de préférence dans un matériau résistants aux flammes.The block is preferably a solid and solid object. The block is preferably formed in a homogeneous and isotropic material. The block is thermally insulating. The block may for example be made of or include expanded polystyrene, graphitized expanded polystyrene, or polyurethane foam. THE block can for example be in one or more material(s) having a Young's modulus greater than 1.0 GPa, preferably between 2.0 and 4.0 GPa, more preferably between 2.5 and 3.5 GPa. The block is rigid enough to block the frame when partially engaged in the frame cavity. The block is preferably made of a flame-resistant material.

Le bloc s'étend préférentiellement entre toutes les parois latérales du cadre, de façon à être en contact avec celles-ci. Lorsqu'il est logé partiellement dans deux cadres superposés, le bloc est préférentiellement tel qu'il s'étend entre toutes les parois latérales des deux cadres, de façon à être en contact avec celles-ci.The block preferably extends between all the side walls of the frame, so as to be in contact with them. When it is partially housed in two superimposed frames, the block is preferably such that it extends between all the side walls of the two frames, so as to be in contact with them.

De préférence, la hauteur du bloc est égale à la hauteur du cadre.Preferably, the height of the block is equal to the height of the frame.

De préférence, le bloc s'étend latéralement entre plusieurs parties de surfaces formant un triangle, un rectangle ou un carré. Ces parties de surfaces comprennent de préférence une partie plane prévue pour être en contact avec la surface intérieure de la cavité et une partie en renfoncement de façon à former un chanfrein à l'extrémité supérieure du bloc.Preferably, the block extends laterally between several parts of surfaces forming a triangle, a rectangle or a square. These surface parts preferably comprise a flat part intended to be in contact with the interior surface of the cavity and a recessed part so as to form a chamfer at the upper end of the block.

Le bloc peut par exemple faire entre 100 et 800 mm de hauteur, préférentiellement environ 300 mm. Le bloc peut par exemple faire entre 100 et 800 mm de profondeur, préférentiellement environ 263 mm. Le bloc peut par exemple faire entre 100 et 800 mm de largeur, préférentiellement environ 263 mm. La largeur du bloc est préférentiellement égale à sa profondeur.The block can for example be between 100 and 800 mm in height, preferably around 300 mm. The block can for example be between 100 and 800 mm deep, preferably around 263 mm. The block can for example be between 100 and 800 mm wide, preferably around 263 mm. The width of the block is preferably equal to its depth.

Une fonction du bloc est de former la partie mâle de l'agencement par emboitement alors que les cadres forment des parties femelles. Une autre fonction du bloc est de fournir une excellente isolation thermique et phonique.One function of the block is to form the male part of the arrangement by interlocking while the frames form the female parts. Another function of the block is to provide excellent thermal and sound insulation.

Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, la cavité et le bloc sont tels que le bloc peut entrer dans la cavité par son ouverture inférieure et en sortir par son ouverture supérieure.
Ainsi, il est possible de totalement faire glisser le bloc totalement hors de la cavité.In one embodiment of the invention, the cavity and the block are such that the block can enter the cavity through its lower opening and exit through its upper opening.
Thus, it is possible to completely slide the block completely out of the cavity.

Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, la différence, prise en valeur absolue, entre au moins une étendue latérale de la cavité et une étendue latérale correspondante du bloc mesurée quand le bloc est hors de la cavité est de moins de 3 mm, préférentiellement moins de 2 mm, plus préférentiellement moins de 1 mm.In one embodiment of the invention, the difference, taken as an absolute value, between at least one lateral extent of the cavity and a corresponding lateral extent of the block measured when the block is outside the cavity is less than 3 mm, preferably less than 2 mm, more preferably less than 1 mm.

En d'autres termes, l'étendue latérale du bloc peut être inférieure, supérieure ou égale à l'étendue latérale de la cavité, mais la différence entre ces deux étendues est préférentiellement inférieure à 3 mm, 2 mm ou 1 mm.In other words, the lateral extent of the block may be less, greater than or equal to the lateral extent of the cavity, but the difference between these two extents is preferably less than 3 mm, 2 mm or 1 mm.

Ainsi, le bloc est prévu pour être inséré de façon particulièrement ajustée dans la cavité.Thus, the block is designed to be inserted particularly closely into the cavity.

Dans le cadre du présent document, une « étendue latérale » d'un élément peut être par exemple sa longueur, sa largeur, sa profondeur. Comme le bloc est prévu pour être au moins partiellement engagé dans la cavité, une étendue latérale du bloc correspond généralement à une étendu latérale de la cavité : par exemple la largeur du bloc correspond à la largeur de la cavité et la profondeur du bloc correspond à la profondeur de la cavité.In the context of this document, a “lateral extent” of an element can be for example its length, its width, its depth. As the block is intended to be at least partially engaged in the cavity, a lateral extent of the block generally corresponds to a lateral extent of the cavity: for example the width of the block corresponds to the width of the cavity and the depth of the block corresponds to the depth of the cavity.

La valeur absolue de la différence entre l'étendue latérale du bloc et l'étendu latérale correspondante de la cavité est préférentiellement inférieure à 1% de l'étendue latérale du bloc, plus préférentiellement inférieur à 0,5% de l'étendue latérale du bloc.The absolute value of the difference between the lateral extent of the block and the corresponding lateral extent of the cavity is preferably less than 1% of the lateral extent of the block, more preferably less than 0.5% of the lateral extent of the block.

Le bloc peut être suffisamment compressible latéralement pour que son étendue latérale diminue lorsqu'il est engagé, au moins partiellement, dans la cavité.The block may be sufficiently compressible laterally so that its lateral extent decreases when it is engaged, at least partially, in the cavity.

Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, la différence, en valeur absolue, entre la largeur de la cavité et la largeur du bloc mesurée quand le bloc est hors de la cavité est de moins de 3 mm, préférentiellement moins de 2 mm, plus préférentiellement moins de 1 mm et/ou la différence, en valeur absolue, entre la profondeur de la cavité et la profondeur du bloc mesurée quand le bloc est hors de la cavité est de moins de 3 mm, préférentiellement moins de 2 mm, plus préférentiellement moins de 1 mm.In one embodiment of the invention, the difference, in absolute value, between the width of the cavity and the width of the block measured when the block is outside the cavity is less than 3 mm, preferably less than 2 mm, more preferably less than 1 mm and/or the difference, in absolute value, between the depth of the cavity and the depth of the block measured when the block is outside the cavity is less than 3 mm, preferably less than 2 mm, more preferably less than 1 mm.

Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'extrémité supérieure du bloc est chanfreinée et/ou des coins de l'extrémité supérieure du bloc sont arrondis.In one embodiment of the invention, the upper end of the block is chamfered and/or corners of the upper end of the block are rounded.

Ce chanfrein permet de réduire la largeur et/ou la profondeur du bloc au niveau de son extrémité supérieure afin de pouvoir facilement faire entrer le bloc dans la cavité par l'ouverture inférieure du cadre, notamment si la dimension latérale du bloc hors de la cavité est proche de la dimension latérale correspondante de la cavité. Le chanfrein peut par exemple faire environ 1 cm.This chamfer makes it possible to reduce the width and/or depth of the block at its upper end in order to be able to easily enter the block into the cavity through the lower opening of the frame, particularly if the lateral dimension of the block outside the cavity is close to the corresponding lateral dimension of the cavity. The chamfer can, for example, be approximately 1 cm.

Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le cadre comprend des parois latérales délimitant la cavité latéralement, et le bloc est prévu pour être en contact mécanique avec toutes les parois latérales du cadre lorsqu'il est bloqué, au moins partiellement, dans la cavité.In one embodiment of the invention, the frame comprises side walls delimiting the cavity laterally, and the block is provided to be in mechanical contact with all the side walls of the frame when it is blocked, at least partially, in the cavity.

Cela permet d'assurer un blocage particulièrement fort et une isolation thermique particulièrement bonne puisque l'effet d'isolation thermique du bloc se fait sur toute la largeur et la profondeur de l'élément de construction. De préférence, le bloc est en contact mécanique avec toutes la parois latérales sur au moins 50% ou 80% de la hauteur du bloc qui est dans la cavité.This ensures particularly strong blocking and particularly good thermal insulation since the thermal insulation effect of the block is over the entire width and depth of the construction element. Preferably, the block is in mechanical contact with all the side walls over at least 50% or 80% of the height of the block which is in the cavity.

Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, la hauteur du cadre est sensiblement égale à la hauteur du bloc. Dans le cadre de la présente invention, une « hauteur » d'un objet est de préférence la distance maximale entre l'extrémité inférieure et l'extrémité supérieure de l'objet.In one embodiment of the invention, the height of the frame is substantially equal to the height of the block. In the context of the present invention, a "height" of an object is preferably the maximum distance between the lower end and the upper end of the object.

Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le cadre et le bloc ont une section polygonale, hexagonale, rectangulaire, triangulaire ou carrée dans un plan perpendiculaire à la première direction. La section horizontale du cadre et celle du bloc sont préférentiellement rectangulaires, plus préférentiellement carrées.In one embodiment of the invention, the frame and the block have a polygonal, hexagonal, rectangular, triangular or square section in a plane perpendicular to the first direction. The horizontal section of the frame and that of the block are preferably rectangular, more preferably square.

Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, la cavité est délimitée par des surfaces planes parallèles à la première direction.In one embodiment of the invention, the cavity is delimited by flat surfaces parallel to the first direction.

Ainsi, les surfaces planes qui délimitent la cavité ne sont pas inclinées par rapport à la première direction. Cela évite notamment tout rétrécissement de la cavité vers le haut ou le bas.Thus, the flat surfaces which delimit the cavity are not inclined relative to the first direction. This notably avoids any shrinkage of the cavity upwards or downwards.

Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le cadre est au moins partiellement en bois et/ou en polymère.In one embodiment of the invention, the frame is at least partially made of wood and/or polymer.

Le cadre peut être dans tout matériau comprenant du bois. Il peut par exemple être fait de panneaux à copeau orienté appelés, qui sont parfois connus sont le nom de panneaux OSB. Le MDF est aussi possible. Le cadre peut aussi être fait d'un polymère.The frame can be made of any material including wood. For example, it can be made from called oriented strand board, which is sometimes known as OSB. MDF is also possible. The frame can also be made of a polymer.

De préférence, le cadre ne comprend pas de béton. En effet, des parois en béton devraient être beaucoup plus épaisses que des parois en bois et/ou en polymère, ce qui rendrait l'élément de construction lourd.Preferably, the frame does not include concrete. Indeed, concrete walls would have to be much thicker than wood and/or polymer walls, which would make the construction element heavy.

De préférence, l' assemblage ne comprend pas de moyen de collage entre le cadre du premier élément de construction et le cadre du deuxième élément de construction.Preferably, the assembly does not include any bonding means between the frame of the first construction element and the frame of the second construction element.

Il est en outre décrit un module de construction comprenant un premier et un deuxième éléments de construction selon un mode quelconque de réalisation de l'invention, et dans lequel le cadre du premier élément de construction est fixé latéralement, par exemple par vissage et/ou collage, au cadre du deuxième élément de construction. Les différents éléments de construction d'un module sont de préférence identiques.It is further described a construction module comprising a first and a second construction elements according to any embodiment of the invention, and in which the frame of the first construction element is fixed laterally, for example by screwing and/or bonding, to the frame of the second construction element. The different construction elements of a module are preferably identical.

Dans un mode de réalisation, le module de construction comprend en outre un troisième élément de construction selon un mode quelconque de réalisation de l'invention fixé latéralement au cadre du deuxième élément de construction. De préférence, les trois éléments de construction du module sont alignés ou disposés en coin.In one embodiment, the construction module further comprises a third construction element according to any embodiment of the invention fixed laterally to the frame of the second construction element. Preferably, the three construction elements of the module are aligned or arranged in a corner.

L'invention propose en outre un mur comprenant au moins trois modules de constructions tels que décrits précédemment, les modules étant disposés en décalage vertical, de façon à ce qu'une première partie d'un module supérieur formant le premier module repose sur un premier module inférieur formant le deuxième module et une deuxième partie du module supérieur formant le premier module repose sur un deuxième module inférieur formant le troisième module, au moins le premier des modules de constructions comprenant :

  • un premier bloc situé d'une part dans une première cavité du premier module de construction et d'autre part dans une cavité du deuxième des modules de constructions, et
  • un deuxième bloc situé d'une part dans une deuxième cavité du premier module de construction et d'autre part dans une cavité du troisième des modules de constructions.
The invention further proposes a wall comprising at least three construction modules as described previously, the modules being arranged vertically offset, so that a first part of an upper module forming the first module rests on a first lower module forming the second module and a second part of the upper module forming the first module rests on a second lower module forming the third module, at least the first of the construction modules comprising:
  • a first block located on the one hand in a first cavity of the first construction module and on the other hand in a cavity of the second of the construction modules, and
  • a second block located on the one hand in a second cavity of the first construction module and on the other hand in a cavity of the third of the construction modules.

Les modules sont ainsi disposés en décalages les uns par rapport aux autres de façon à obtenir un mur particulièrement solide. Le mur peut comprendre en outre en outre des montants fixés à plusieurs modules de construction. Cela permet de renforcer la stabilité du murThe modules are thus arranged offset from each other so as to obtain a particularly solid wall. The wall may further comprise posts attached to several building modules. This helps reinforce the stability of the wall.

Le mur peut en outre comprendre une planche sur laquelle sont fixés certains des éléments de construction, le cadre des éléments de construction fixés à la planche comportant une découpe inférieure recevant au moins une partie supérieure de la planche. La planche peut être appelée sablière.The wall may further comprise a board on which some of the construction elements are fixed, the frame of the construction elements fixed to the board comprising a lower cutout receiving at least one upper part of the board. The board can be called a sandbox.

L'invention propose en outre un bâtiment comprenant un assemblage tel que décrit précédemment ou un mur selon un mode quelconque de réalisation de l'invention.The invention further proposes a building comprising an assembly as described above or a wall according to any embodiment of the invention.

L'invention propose en outre une méthode de construction d'un mur ou d'une paroi verticale et comprenant les étapes de :

  1. (a) fournir un premier cadre comprenant une cavité débouchant par une ouverture supérieure et une ouverture inférieure,
  2. (b) fournir un deuxième cadre comprenant une cavité débouchant par une ouverture supérieure et une ouverture inférieure,
  3. (c) fournir un bloc agencé pour se mouvoir selon une première direction dans la cavité du premier cadre sous l'action d'une pression extérieure et à rester bloqué au moins partiellement dans la cavité du premier cadre en l'absence de pression extérieure, et pour se mouvoir selon la première direction dans la cavité du deuxième cadre sous l'action d'une pression extérieure et à rester bloqué au moins partiellement dans la cavité du deuxième cadre en l'absence de pression extérieure, et
  4. (d) engager le bloc dans l'ouverture supérieure de la cavité du premier cadre et dans l'ouverture inférieure de la cavité du deuxième cadre, le cadre du deuxième élément de construction étant posé sur le cadre du premier élément de construction.
The invention further proposes a method of constructing a wall or a vertical wall and comprising the steps of:
  1. (a) provide a first frame comprising a cavity opening through an upper opening and a lower opening,
  2. (b) providing a second frame comprising a cavity opening through an upper opening and a lower opening,
  3. (c) providing a block arranged to move in a first direction in the cavity of the first frame under the action of an external pressure and to remain blocked at least partially in the cavity of the first frame in the absence of external pressure, and to move in the first direction in the cavity of the second frame under the action of an external pressure and to remain blocked at least partially in the cavity of the second frame in the absence of external pressure, and
  4. (d) engaging the block in the upper opening of the cavity of the first frame and in the lower opening of the cavity of the second frame, the frame of the second construction element being placed on the frame of the first construction element.

Les avantages mentionnés pour le dispositif s'appliquent mutatis mutandis à la méthode.The advantages mentioned for the device apply mutatis mutandis to the method.

Brève description des figuresBrief description of the figures

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit pour la compréhension de laquelle on se reportera aux figures annexées parmi lesquelles :

  • la figure 1a est une coupe verticale d'un élément de construction selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 1b est une coupe horizontale d'un cadre faisant partie d'un élément de construction selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 1c est une coupe horizontale d'un bloc faisant partie d'un élément de construction selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 1d est une vue tridimensionnelle d'un élément de construction selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est une coupe verticale d'un assemblage de deux éléments de construction selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 3 est une vue tridimensionnelle d'un module de construction selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 4 est une coupe verticale d'un module de construction selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 5a est une coupe verticale d'un assemblage selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 5b est une vue verticale d'un cadre pouvant être utilisé dans l'assemblage de la figure 5a,
  • la figure 6 est une vue verticale d'un mur selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, et
  • la figure 7 est une vue verticale d'un mur selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention comprenant une fenêtre.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, for an understanding of which reference will be made to the appended figures among which:
  • there figure 1a is a vertical section of a construction element according to one embodiment of the invention,
  • there figure 1b is a horizontal section of a frame forming part of a construction element according to one embodiment of the invention,
  • there figure 1c is a horizontal section of a block forming part of a construction element according to one embodiment of the invention,
  • there figure 1d is a three-dimensional view of a construction element according to one embodiment of the invention,
  • there figure 2 is a vertical section of an assembly of two construction elements according to one embodiment of the invention,
  • there Figure 3 is a three-dimensional view of a construction module according to one embodiment of the invention,
  • there Figure 4 is a vertical section of a construction module according to one embodiment of the invention,
  • there figure 5a is a vertical section of an assembly according to one embodiment of the invention,
  • there figure 5b is a vertical view of a frame that can be used in assembling the figure 5a ,
  • there Figure 6 is a vertical view of a wall according to one embodiment of the invention, and
  • there Figure 7 is a vertical view of a wall according to one embodiment of the invention comprising a window.

Modes de réalisation de l'inventionModes of carrying out the invention

La présente invention est décrite avec des réalisations particulières et des références à des figures mais l'invention n'est pas limitée par celles-ci. Les dessins ou figures décrits ne sont que schématiques et ne sont pas limitants.The present invention is described with particular embodiments and references to figures but the invention is not limited by these. The drawings or figures described are only schematic and are not limiting.

Dans le contexte du présent document, les termes « premier » et « deuxième » servent uniquement à différencier les différents éléments et n'impliquent pas d'ordre entre ces éléments.In the context of this document, the terms "first" and "second" are used only to differentiate between the different elements and do not imply an order between these elements.

Sur les figures, les éléments identiques ou analogues peuvent porter les mêmes références.In the figures, identical or similar elements may bear the same references.

Les figures 1a à 1d illustrent un exemple de cadre 1 et un exemple de bloc 2 pouvant faire partie d'un élément de construction 10 selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention.THE figures 1a to 1d illustrate an example of frame 1 and an example of block 2 which can be part of a construction element 10 according to one embodiment of the invention.

Dans le cadre de la présente description, la première direction 101 est de préférence considérée comme une direction verticale.In the context of the present description, the first direction 101 is preferably considered as a vertical direction.

Le cadre 1 comprend une cavité 22. La cavité 22 traverse le cadre 1 entre une extrémité supérieure du cadre 1 et une extrémité inférieure du cadre 1. La cavité 22 est ouverte par une ouverture supérieure 22a et une ouverture inférieure 22b opposées l'une à l'autre.The frame 1 comprises a cavity 22. The cavity 22 passes through the frame 1 between an upper end of the frame 1 and a lower end of the frame 1. The cavity 22 is opened by an upper opening 22a and a lower opening 22b opposite each other. the other.

Le cadre 1 comprend des parois 23 latérales, par exemple deux premières parois 1a (parois avant et arrière) et deux deuxièmes parois 1b (parois gauche et droite). Il est préféré que les deuxièmes parois 1b soient bloquées latéralement entre les deux premières parois 1a. Cela peut se voir à la figure 1b.The frame 1 comprises side walls 23, for example two first walls 1a (front and rear walls) and two second walls 1b (left and right walls). It is preferred that the second walls 1b are blocked laterally between the two first walls 1a. This can be seen in the figure 1b .

Le bloc 2 est agencé pour être mécaniquement coincé dans la cavité 22 lorsqu'aucune pression extérieure n'est exercée sur lui, et pour se déplacer selon la première direction 101 lorsqu'il subit une pression extérieure apte à le déplacer selon la première direction 101.The block 2 is arranged to be mechanically stuck in the cavity 22 when no external pressure is exerted on it, and to move in the first direction 101 when it is subjected to an external pressure capable of moving it in the first direction 101 .

Le bloc 2 a une extrémité supérieure 25 et une extrémité inférieure 26. De préférence, l'extrémité supérieure 25 du bloc 2 est agencée pour être engagée, selon la première direction 101, dans l'ouverture supérieure 22a et dans l'ouverture inférieure 22b de la cavité 22. L'extrémité supérieure 25 du bloc 2 peut ainsi s'engager dans l'ouverture supérieure 22a de la cavité d'un premier cadre 1 et dans l'ouverture inférieure 22b de la cavité d'un deuxième cadre 1, identique au premier cadre 1, et situé au-dessus du premier cadre 1.The block 2 has an upper end 25 and a lower end 26. Preferably, the upper end 25 of the block 2 is arranged to be engaged, in the first direction 101, in the upper opening 22a and in the lower opening 22b of the cavity 22. The upper end 25 of the block 2 can thus engage in the upper opening 22a of the cavity of a first frame 1 and in the lower opening 22b of the cavity of a second frame 1, identical to the first frame 1, and located above the first frame 1.

Plus préférentiellement, tout le bloc 2 peut être engagé dans la cavité 22 à la suite de l'extrémité supérieur 25 du bloc 2. De préférence, le bloc 2 a un chanfrein 21 sur une arête de son extrémité supérieure 25, de façon à pouvoir être facilement inséré dans le cadre 1.More preferably, the entire block 2 can be engaged in the cavity 22 following the upper end 25 of the block 2. Preferably, the block 2 has a chamfer 21 on an edge of its upper end 25, so as to be easily inserted into the frame 1.

Préférentiellement, le bloc 2 est peut coulisser dans le cadre 1 selon la première direction 101, et ses dimensions sont choisies pour que, en l'absence de pression, le bloc 2 soit mécaniquement bloqué dans le cadre 1.Preferably, the block 2 can slide in the frame 1 in the first direction 101, and its dimensions are chosen so that, in the absence of pressure, the block 2 is mechanically blocked in the frame 1.

De préférence, le cadre 1 et le bloc 2 sont de section horizontale carrée, mais elle pourrait avoir une autre forme tout en restant dans le cadre de l'invention.Preferably, the frame 1 and the block 2 are of square horizontal section, but it could have another shape while remaining within the scope of the invention.

La figure 1a illustre le bloc 2 partiellement inséré dans la cavité 22 du cadre 1, de sorte qu'il dépasse de la cavité 22 par son extrémité supérieure 25. Cette figure permet d'illustrer la hauteur 51 du cadre 1 et la hauteur 52 du bloc 2.There figure 1a illustrates the block 2 partially inserted in the cavity 22 of the frame 1, so that it protrudes from the cavity 22 by its upper end 25. This figure makes it possible to illustrate the height 51 of the frame 1 and the height 52 of the block 2.

La figure 1b permet notamment d'illustrer la largeur 53 de la cavité 22, ainsi que sa profondeur 55. La figure 1c permet notamment d'illustrer la largeur 54 du bloc 2, ainsi que sa profondeur 56.There figure 1b makes it possible in particular to illustrate the width 53 of the cavity 22, as well as its depth 55. The figure 1c allows in particular to illustrate the width 54 of block 2, as well as its depth 56.

La figure 2 illustre deux éléments de construction 10 empilés. Le bloc 2 de l'élément de construction 10 inférieur est partiellement engagé, par son extrémité supérieure 25, dans le cadre 1 de l'élément de construction 10 supérieur. Les éléments de construction 10 s'assemblent par emboitement les uns sur les autres, en décalant le bloc 2 par rapport au cadre 1, de sorte que le bloc 2 soit reçu partiellement dans deux cadres situés l'un sur l'autre.There figure 2 illustrates two stacked construction elements 10. The block 2 of the lower construction element 10 is partially engaged, through its upper end 25, in the frame 1 of the upper construction element 10. The construction elements 10 are assembled by nesting on top of each other, by shifting the block 2 relative to the frame 1, so that the block 2 is partially received in two frames located one on top of the other.

Les figures 3 et 4 illustrent des modules de construction 100 selon des modes de réalisation de l'invention. Le module de construction 100 comprend plusieurs éléments de construction 10 selon l'invention, par exemple deux éléments de construction 10 pour le module 100 illustré à la figure 3 et trois éléments de constructions 10 pour le module 100 illustré à la figure 4. Les éléments de construction 10 sont de préférence fixés ensemble via par une paroi latérale au niveau d'une jonction 3 entre deux cadres 1, de façon à être à une même hauteur. De préférence, un seul panneau forme les parois avant 1a des cadres 1 de plusieurs éléments de constructions 10 et un seul panneau forme les parois arrière 1a des cadres 1 de plusieurs éléments de constructions. De préférence, les blocs 2 des différents éléments de construction peuvent être déplacés indépendamment.THE figures 3 And 4 illustrate construction modules 100 according to embodiments of the invention. The construction module 100 comprises several construction elements 10 according to the invention, for example two construction elements 10 for the module 100 illustrated in Figure 3 and three construction elements 10 for the module 100 illustrated in Figure 4 . The construction elements 10 are preferably fixed together via a side wall at a junction 3 between two frames 1, so as to be at the same height. Preferably, a single panel forms the front walls 1a of the frames 1 of several construction elements 10 and a single panel forms the rear walls 1a of the frames 1 of several construction elements. Preferably, the blocks 2 of the different construction elements can be moved independently.

La figure 5a illustre un assemblage possible avec un élément de construction 10 selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention. Cet assemblage est notamment avantageux pour former le niveau le plus bas d'un mur. Cet assemblage peut par exemple comprendre des blocs de base 8, une couche hermétique 7, une planche 5 et des éléments de construction 10.There figure 5a illustrates a possible assembly with a construction element 10 according to one embodiment of the invention. This assembly is particularly advantageous for forming the lowest level of a wall. This assembly can for example include basic blocks 8, a hermetic layer 7, a board 5 and construction elements 10.

Les blocs de base 8 sont par exemple des blocs Ytong alignés dans une direction perpendiculaire au plan de la figure 5a. La couche hermétique 7 est par exemple formée d'un feuille d'EPDM (éthylène-propylène-diène monomère). La planche 5, qui peut être appelée sablière, est de préférence fixée par des moyens de fixation ou vis 9 aux blocs de base 8. Les éléments de construction 10, avec un cadre 1 où les deuxièmes parois 1b sont raccourcies comme représenté à la figure 5b, sont disposés de façon à ce que la planche 5 soit engagée entre les premières parois 1a et de préférence soit en butée contre les extrémités inférieures des deuxièmes parois 1b. Des moyens de fixation ou vis 6 peuvent être utilisés pour fixer les premières parois 1a à la planche 5.The basic blocks 8 are for example Ytong blocks aligned in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the figure 5a . The hermetic layer 7 is for example formed from a sheet of EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene monomer). The board 5, which can be called a sand pit, is preferably fixed by fixing means or screws 9 to the base blocks 8. The construction elements 10, with a frame 1 where the second walls 1b are shortened as shown in figure 5b , are arranged so that the board 5 is engaged between the first walls 1a and preferably abuts against the lower ends of the second walls 1b. Fixing means or screws 6 can be used to fix the first walls 1a to the board 5.

La figure 5b illustre le cadre 1 dont les deuxièmes parois 1b sont plus courtes que les premières parois 1a, de façon à créer un passage 16 agencé pour recevoir au moins la partie supérieure de la planche 5.There figure 5b illustrates the frame 1 whose second walls 1b are shorter than the first walls 1a, so as to create a passage 16 arranged to receive at least the upper part of the board 5.

La figure 6 illustre un mur 200 comprenant des modules 100, 100a, 100b, 100c selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention et des montants 4. Pour des raisons de clarté, seuls certains blocs sont représentés. Ils sont représentés en pointillé pour indiquer qu'ils sont cachés à l'intérieure des modules.There Figure 6 illustrates a wall 200 comprising modules 100, 100a, 100b, 100c according to one embodiment of the invention and uprights 4. For reasons of clarity, only certain blocks are represented. They are shown in dotted lines to indicate that they are hidden inside the modules.

Les modules 100 sont de préférence disposés en décalage vertical, de façon à ce qu'une première partie d'un module supérieur repose sur un premier module inférieur et une deuxième partie d'un module supérieur repose sur un deuxième module inférieur. En outre, cela permet que des premier 120 et deuxième 130 blocs appartenant à un premier module 100a soient situés partiellement dans le premier module 100a et partiellement respectivement dans un deuxième module 100b et troisième module 100c. Il en résulte un couplage mécanique entre les deuxième 100b et troisième 100c modules, via le premier module 100a.The modules 100 are preferably arranged vertically offset, so that a first part of an upper module rests on a first lower module and a second part of an upper module rests on a second lower module. In addition, this allows first 120 and second 130 blocks belonging to a first module 100a to be located partially in the first module 100a and partially respectively in a second module 100b and third module 100c. This results in a mechanical coupling between the second 100b and third 100c modules, via the first module 100a.

En haut du mur 200, il est par exemple possible de couper les extrémités supérieures des blocs qui dépassent, ou de prévoir des blocs de hauteur plus faible, afin de terminer le mur par une surface horizontale.At the top of the wall 200, it is for example possible to cut the upper ends of the protruding blocks, or to provide blocks of lower height, in order to finish the wall with a horizontal surface.

Les montants 4, qui peuvent aussi être appelés chevrons, sont fixés, par exemple vissés ou cloués, à plusieurs éléments de construction superposés.The uprights 4, which can also be called rafters, are fixed, for example screwed or nailed, to several superimposed construction elements.

La figure 7 illustre une partie de mur comprenant une fenêtre 11. La fenêtre 11 est une partie de mur ouverte. Elle est délimitée par exemple par une planche inférieure 14 en bas, une planche supérieure 15 en haut et des éléments de construction 10 latéraux. La planche supérieure 15 repose de préférence sur des deuxièmes parois 1b de deux de ces éléments de construction latéraux, qui peuvent être appelés premiers éléments de construction latéraux 10c. Le mur comprend aussi un linteau 12 situé au-dessus la planche soupière 15 et de ces premiers éléments de construction latéraux 10c. Le linteau 12 est un module de construction dans lequel des éléments de construction 10a centraux ont leurs deux deuxièmes paroi 1b plus courtes que leurs deux premières parois 1a, et des éléments de construction d'extrémité 10b ont une de leurs deux deuxièmes paroi 1b plus courte que leurs deux premières parois 1a. Les blocs 2 des premiers éléments de construction latéraux 10c sont partiellement insérés dans les cavités des éléments de construction d'extrémité 10b.There Figure 7 illustrates a part of a wall comprising a window 11. The window 11 is an open part of the wall. It is delimited for example by a lower board 14 at the bottom, an upper board 15 at the top and lateral construction elements 10. The upper board 15 preferably rests on second walls 1b of two of these side construction elements, which can be called first side construction elements 10c. The wall also includes a lintel 12 located above the tureen board 15 and these first lateral construction elements 10c. The lintel 12 is a construction module in which central construction elements 10a have their two second walls 1b shorter than their two first walls 1a, and end construction elements 10b have one of their two second walls 1b shorter than their first two walls 1a. The blocks 2 of the first lateral construction elements 10c are partially inserted into the cavities of the end construction elements 10b.

En d'autres termes, l'invention se rapporte à un assemblage comprenant un premier et un deuxième éléments de construction 10 comprenant un cadre 1 et un bloc 2 pouvant coulisser dans le cadre 1 lorsqu'il est soumis à une force extérieure. Le bloc 2 peut ainsi former un tenon entre deux cadres 1 superposés formant des mortaises. Des éléments de construction 10 fixés ensemble latéralement forment des modules 100 qui peuvent s'assembler en décalage d'un niveau à l'autre de façon à former un mur.In other words, the invention relates to an assembly comprising a first and a second construction elements 10 comprising a frame 1 and a block 2 capable of sliding in the frame 1 when it is subjected to an external force. Block 2 can thus form a tenon between two superimposed frames 1 forming mortises. Construction elements 10 fixed together laterally form modules 100 which can be assembled offset from one level to another so as to form a wall.

La présente invention a été décrite en relation avec des modes de réalisations spécifiques, qui ont une valeur purement illustrative et ne doivent pas être considérés comme limitatifs. D'une manière générale, la présente invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples illustrés et/ou décrits ci-dessus. L'usage des verbes « comprendre », « inclure », « comporter », ou toute autre variante, ainsi que leurs conjugaisons, ne peut en aucune façon exclure la présence d'éléments autres que ceux mentionnés. L'usage de l'article indéfini « un », « une », ou de l'article défini « le », « la » ou « l' », pour introduire un élément n'exclut pas la présence d'une pluralité de ces éléments. Les numéros de référence dans les revendications ne limitent pas leur portée.The present invention has been described in relation to specific embodiments, which have purely illustrative value and should not be considered limiting. Generally speaking, the present invention is not limited to the examples illustrated and/or described above. The use of the verbs “understand”, “include”, “include”, or any other variant, as well as their conjugations, cannot in any way exclude the presence of elements other than those mentioned. The use of the indefinite article "un", "une", or the definite article "le", "la" or "l'", to introduce an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of these elements. The reference numbers in the claims do not limit their scope.

Claims (13)

  1. Assembly comprising a first and a second construction element (10), each construction element comprising:
    • a frame (1) comprising a cavity (22) opening through an upper opening (22a) and a lower opening (22b), and
    • a block (2) arranged to move in a first direction (101) in the cavity (22) under the action of an external pressure and to remain blocked at least partially in the cavity (22) in the absence of external pressure,
    construction element wherein an upper end (25) of the block (2) is capable of being engaged in the upper opening (22a) of the cavity (22) and is capable of being engaged in the lower opening (22b) of the cavity (22),
    characterised in that the frame (1) of the second construction element (10) is placed on the frame (1) of the first construction element (10) and the block (2) of the first construction element (10) is mechanically blocked in the cavity (22) of the frame (1) of the first construction element (10) and in the cavity (22) of the frame (1) of the second construction element (10).
  2. Assembly according to claim 1, wherein the cavity (22) and the block (2) are such that the block (2) can enter in the cavity (22) through its lower opening (22b) and exit from it through its upper opening (22a).
  3. Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a difference, taken in absolute value, between at least one lateral extent (53; 55) of the cavity (22) and a corresponding lateral extent (54; 56) of the block (2) measured when the block (2) is outside the cavity (22) is less than 3mm, preferably less than 2mm, more preferably less than 1mm.
  4. Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a difference, in absolute value, between the width (53) of the cavity (22) and the width (54) of the block (2) measured when the block (2) is outside the cavity (22) is less than 3mm, preferably less than 2mm, more preferably less than 1mm, and/or a difference, in absolute value, between the depth (55) of the cavity (22) and the depth (56) of the block (2) measured when the block (2) is outside the cavity (22) is less than 3mm, preferably less than 2mm, more preferably less than 1mm.
  5. Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the upper end (25) of the block (2) is chamfered and/or wherein corners of the upper end (25) of the block (2) are rounded.
  6. Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the frame (1) comprises lateral panels (1a, 1b) delimiting the cavity (22) laterally, and wherein the block (2) is configured to be in mechanical contact with all the lateral panels (1a, 1b) of the frame (1) when it is blocked, at least partially, in the cavity (22).
  7. Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the height (51) of the frame (1) is substantially equal to the height (52) of the block (2).
  8. Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cavity (22) is delimited by flat surfaces parallel to the first direction (101).
  9. Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the frame (1) is at least partially made of wood and/or of polymer.
  10. Wall (200) comprising at least three construction modules (11), each module comprising
    a first and a second construction element (10), each construction element (10) comprising:
    • a frame (1) comprising a cavity (22) opening through an upper opening (22a) and a lower opening (22b), and
    • a block (2) arranged to move in a first direction (101) in the cavity (22) under the action of an external pressure and to remain blocked at least partially in the cavity (22) in the absence of external pressure,
    construction element, wherein an upper end (25) of the block (2) is capable of being engaged in the upper opening (22a) of the cavity (22) and is capable of being engaged in the lower opening (22b) of the cavity (22),
    module, wherein the frame (1) of the first construction element (10) is fixed laterally, for example by screwing and/or bonding, to the frame (1) of the second construction element (10),
    the modules being arranged vertically offset so that a first part of an upper module forming the first module (100a) rests on a first lower module forming the second module (100b) and a second part of the upper module forming the first module (100a) rests on a second lower module forming the third module (100c), at least the first (100a) of the construction modules comprising:
    • a first block (120) located, on the one hand, in a first cavity of the first construction module (100a), and on the other hand, in a cavity of the second (100b) of the construction modules, and
    • a second block (130) located, on the one hand, in a second cavity of the first construction module (100a), and on the other hand, in a cavity of the third (100c) of the construction modules.
  11. Wall according to the preceding claim, further comprising a construction module (100) comprising a third construction element (10), the third construction element (10) comprising
    • a frame (1) comprising a cavity (22) opening through an upper opening (22a) and a lower opening (22b), and
    • a block (2) arranged to move in a first direction (101) in the cavity (22) under the action of an external pressure and to remain blocked at least partially in the cavity (22) in the absence of external pressure
    construction element, wherein an upper end (25) of the block (2) is capable of being engaged in the upper opening (22a) of the cavity (22) and is capable of being engaged in the lower opening (22b) of the cavity (22),
    the third construction element is laterally fixed to the frame (1) of the second construction element (10).
  12. Building comprising an assembly according to one of claims 1 to 9 or a wall according to claim 10 or 11.
  13. Method of constructing a wall (200) or a vertical panel, and comprising the steps of:
    (a) providing a first frame (1) comprising a cavity (22) opening through an upper opening (22a) and a lower opening (22b),
    (b) providing a second frame (1) comprising a cavity (22) opening through an upper opening (22a) and a lower opening (22b),
    (c) providing a block (2) configured to move in a first direction (101) in the cavity (22) of the first frame (1) under the action of an external pressure and to remain blocked at least partially in the cavity (22) of the first frame (1) in the absence of external pressure, and to move in the first direction (101) in the cavity (22) of the second frame (1) under the action of an external pressure and to remain blocked at least partially in the cavity (22) of the second frame (1) in the absence of external pressure, and
    (d) engaging the block (2) in the upper opening (22a) of the cavity (22) of the first frame (1) and in the lower opening (22b) of the cavity (22) of the second frame (1), the frame (1) of the second construction element (10) being placed on the frame (1) of the first construction element.
EP19762978.5A 2018-09-10 2019-09-04 Construction element Active EP3850168B1 (en)

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US12084859B2 (en) * 2020-09-14 2024-09-10 Charles H. Leahy Pre-insulated block

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