EP3850168B1 - Bauelement - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP3850168B1
EP3850168B1 EP19762978.5A EP19762978A EP3850168B1 EP 3850168 B1 EP3850168 B1 EP 3850168B1 EP 19762978 A EP19762978 A EP 19762978A EP 3850168 B1 EP3850168 B1 EP 3850168B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cavity
block
frame
construction element
construction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP19762978.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3850168A1 (de
Inventor
Gabriel LAKATOS
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Gablok Sa
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Gablok Sa
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Publication date
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Priority to EP24167565.1A priority Critical patent/EP4372167A2/de
Publication of EP3850168A1 publication Critical patent/EP3850168A1/de
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Publication of EP3850168B1 publication Critical patent/EP3850168B1/de
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/08—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0289—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material
    • E04B2002/0293—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material solid material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a construction element making it possible, for example, to build a wall or a vertical wall.
  • the document US3885363 A describes a construction element comprising a preformed insulating insert placed in a cavity of a concrete frame. Such construction elements can be used to build a wall by assembling them with mortar for example. This assembly requires precision so that the construction elements are well aligned and time to place the mortar and also because of this precision.
  • the document DE202007009654U1 describes a brick with at least two vertical cavities open and provided with an insulating material.
  • the document AT340640B describes concrete bricks having vertical cavities that can be filled with insulating material.
  • the document US5349798A describes an insulating insert that fits into the cores of concrete building blocks.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a construction element that is easy and quick to assemble, and does not require the installation of mortar.
  • the block when two frames are superimposed so that the cavities are aligned, the upper end of the block can be engaged in the cavity of the frame above while the lower end of the block can be engaged in the cavity of the frame below.
  • the block itself serves as a means of fixing and alignment between the construction element and a second element of identical construction. It is therefore not necessary to put mortar between two superimposed construction elements.
  • the fixing between two superimposed construction elements is particularly solid. We can consider that the two frames are fitted snugly onto the block.
  • each block can be retracted as much as possible into the frame during transport, in order to reduce the transport volume and for the block to be at least partially protected by the frame during transport and on the site, before construction.
  • the block remains blocked in the cavity by lateral mechanical compression when it is not subjected to any pressure in a first direction, but it moves relative to the frame when it is subjected to external pressure in the first direction.
  • the block is intended to be fitted snugly into the cavity.
  • the first direction is preferably a vertical direction.
  • the block can for example be made of a compressible material or have a surface structure allowing this movement under pressure and blocking in the absence of pressure.
  • the block is such that the action of a force causes it to slide in the cavity, but if it is not subject to forces other than gravity it is stuck immovable in the cavity.
  • human force is sufficient to slide the block into the frame.
  • external pressure is pressure sufficient to move the block within the cavity.
  • the force corresponding to the external pressure is greater than the force of gravity, so that the block remains immobilized by the frame when it is only subjected to the action of gravity.
  • the external pressure is preferably a pressure in the first direction.
  • the construction element is arranged to weigh less than 20 kg, more preferably less than 15 kg.
  • a prototype of a construction element measuring 300 mm x 300 mm x 300 mm in which the frame is made of OSB and the block is made of expanded polystyrene weighs approximately 4 kg.
  • the frame is preferably an object formed of a plurality of plane walls parallel to the first direction, so as to delimit the cavity in any direction perpendicular to the first direction.
  • Each wall can for example be formed from a panel.
  • the frame is preferably free of grooves on its exterior surface.
  • the cavity is arranged to allow the block to slide from its lower end towards its upper end.
  • the frame can for example be between 100 and 800 mm in height, preferably around 300 mm.
  • the frame can for example be between 100 and 800 mm deep, preferably around 300 mm.
  • the frame can for example be between 100 and 800 mm wide, preferably around 300 mm.
  • the walls of the frame are for example of a thickness between 10 and 30 mm, preferably around 18 mm.
  • the frame can for example be cubic.
  • One function of the frame is to provide the exterior walls of the wall. It also makes it possible to permanently fix several construction elements together so as to form removable modules in relation to each other. A wall can thus be built by placing modules offset from each other, for example staggered.
  • the frame is preferably formed of a thermal insulating material.
  • the upper opening of the cavity is located on an upper end of the frame and the lower opening of the cavity is located on a lower end of the frame.
  • the upper opening of the cavity is identical to the lower opening of the cavity.
  • the block is preferably a solid and solid object.
  • the block is preferably formed in a homogeneous and isotropic material.
  • the block is thermally insulating.
  • the block may for example be made of or include expanded polystyrene, graphitized expanded polystyrene, or polyurethane foam.
  • THE block can for example be in one or more material(s) having a Young's modulus greater than 1.0 GPa, preferably between 2.0 and 4.0 GPa, more preferably between 2.5 and 3.5 GPa.
  • the block is rigid enough to block the frame when partially engaged in the frame cavity.
  • the block is preferably made of a flame-resistant material.
  • the block preferably extends between all the side walls of the frame, so as to be in contact with them.
  • the block is preferably such that it extends between all the side walls of the two frames, so as to be in contact with them.
  • the height of the block is equal to the height of the frame.
  • the block extends laterally between several parts of surfaces forming a triangle, a rectangle or a square.
  • These surface parts preferably comprise a flat part intended to be in contact with the interior surface of the cavity and a recessed part so as to form a chamfer at the upper end of the block.
  • the block can for example be between 100 and 800 mm in height, preferably around 300 mm.
  • the block can for example be between 100 and 800 mm deep, preferably around 263 mm.
  • the block can for example be between 100 and 800 mm wide, preferably around 263 mm.
  • the width of the block is preferably equal to its depth.
  • One function of the block is to form the male part of the arrangement by interlocking while the frames form the female parts. Another function of the block is to provide excellent thermal and sound insulation.
  • the cavity and the block are such that the block can enter the cavity through its lower opening and exit through its upper opening. Thus, it is possible to completely slide the block completely out of the cavity.
  • the difference, taken as an absolute value, between at least one lateral extent of the cavity and a corresponding lateral extent of the block measured when the block is outside the cavity is less than 3 mm, preferably less than 2 mm, more preferably less than 1 mm.
  • the lateral extent of the block may be less, greater than or equal to the lateral extent of the cavity, but the difference between these two extents is preferably less than 3 mm, 2 mm or 1 mm.
  • the block is designed to be inserted particularly closely into the cavity.
  • a “lateral extent” of an element can be for example its length, its width, its depth.
  • a lateral extent of the block generally corresponds to a lateral extent of the cavity: for example the width of the block corresponds to the width of the cavity and the depth of the block corresponds to the depth of the cavity.
  • the absolute value of the difference between the lateral extent of the block and the corresponding lateral extent of the cavity is preferably less than 1% of the lateral extent of the block, more preferably less than 0.5% of the lateral extent of the block.
  • the block may be sufficiently compressible laterally so that its lateral extent decreases when it is engaged, at least partially, in the cavity.
  • the difference, in absolute value, between the width of the cavity and the width of the block measured when the block is outside the cavity is less than 3 mm, preferably less than 2 mm, more preferably less than 1 mm and/or the difference, in absolute value, between the depth of the cavity and the depth of the block measured when the block is outside the cavity is less than 3 mm, preferably less than 2 mm, more preferably less than 1 mm.
  • the upper end of the block is chamfered and/or corners of the upper end of the block are rounded.
  • This chamfer makes it possible to reduce the width and/or depth of the block at its upper end in order to be able to easily enter the block into the cavity through the lower opening of the frame, particularly if the lateral dimension of the block outside the cavity is close to the corresponding lateral dimension of the cavity.
  • the chamfer can, for example, be approximately 1 cm.
  • the frame comprises side walls delimiting the cavity laterally, and the block is provided to be in mechanical contact with all the side walls of the frame when it is blocked, at least partially, in the cavity.
  • the block is in mechanical contact with all the side walls over at least 50% or 80% of the height of the block which is in the cavity.
  • the height of the frame is substantially equal to the height of the block.
  • a "height" of an object is preferably the maximum distance between the lower end and the upper end of the object.
  • the frame and the block have a polygonal, hexagonal, rectangular, triangular or square section in a plane perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the horizontal section of the frame and that of the block are preferably rectangular, more preferably square.
  • the cavity is delimited by flat surfaces parallel to the first direction.
  • the flat surfaces which delimit the cavity are not inclined relative to the first direction. This notably avoids any shrinkage of the cavity upwards or downwards.
  • the frame is at least partially made of wood and/or polymer.
  • the frame can be made of any material including wood.
  • it can be made from called oriented strand board, which is sometimes known as OSB. MDF is also possible.
  • the frame can also be made of a polymer.
  • the frame does not include concrete.
  • concrete walls would have to be much thicker than wood and/or polymer walls, which would make the construction element heavy.
  • the assembly does not include any bonding means between the frame of the first construction element and the frame of the second construction element.
  • a construction module comprising a first and a second construction elements according to any embodiment of the invention, and in which the frame of the first construction element is fixed laterally, for example by screwing and/or bonding, to the frame of the second construction element.
  • the different construction elements of a module are preferably identical.
  • the construction module further comprises a third construction element according to any embodiment of the invention fixed laterally to the frame of the second construction element.
  • the three construction elements of the module are aligned or arranged in a corner.
  • the modules are thus arranged offset from each other so as to obtain a particularly solid wall.
  • the wall may further comprise posts attached to several building modules. This helps reinforce the stability of the wall.
  • the wall may further comprise a board on which some of the construction elements are fixed, the frame of the construction elements fixed to the board comprising a lower cutout receiving at least one upper part of the board.
  • the board can be called a sandbox.
  • the invention further proposes a building comprising an assembly as described above or a wall according to any embodiment of the invention.
  • first and second are used only to differentiate between the different elements and do not imply an order between these elements.
  • THE figures 1a to 1d illustrate an example of frame 1 and an example of block 2 which can be part of a construction element 10 according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the first direction 101 is preferably considered as a vertical direction.
  • the frame 1 comprises a cavity 22.
  • the cavity 22 passes through the frame 1 between an upper end of the frame 1 and a lower end of the frame 1.
  • the cavity 22 is opened by an upper opening 22a and a lower opening 22b opposite each other. the other.
  • the frame 1 comprises side walls 23, for example two first walls 1a (front and rear walls) and two second walls 1b (left and right walls). It is preferred that the second walls 1b are blocked laterally between the two first walls 1a. This can be seen in the figure 1b .
  • the block 2 is arranged to be mechanically stuck in the cavity 22 when no external pressure is exerted on it, and to move in the first direction 101 when it is subjected to an external pressure capable of moving it in the first direction 101 .
  • the block 2 has an upper end 25 and a lower end 26.
  • the upper end 25 of the block 2 is arranged to be engaged, in the first direction 101, in the upper opening 22a and in the lower opening 22b of the cavity 22.
  • the upper end 25 of the block 2 can thus engage in the upper opening 22a of the cavity of a first frame 1 and in the lower opening 22b of the cavity of a second frame 1, identical to the first frame 1, and located above the first frame 1.
  • the entire block 2 can be engaged in the cavity 22 following the upper end 25 of the block 2.
  • the block 2 has a chamfer 21 on an edge of its upper end 25, so as to be easily inserted into the frame 1.
  • the block 2 can slide in the frame 1 in the first direction 101, and its dimensions are chosen so that, in the absence of pressure, the block 2 is mechanically blocked in the frame 1.
  • the frame 1 and the block 2 are of square horizontal section, but it could have another shape while remaining within the scope of the invention.
  • FIG. 1a illustrates the block 2 partially inserted in the cavity 22 of the frame 1, so that it protrudes from the cavity 22 by its upper end 25. This figure makes it possible to illustrate the height 51 of the frame 1 and the height 52 of the block 2.
  • FIG 1b makes it possible in particular to illustrate the width 53 of the cavity 22, as well as its depth 55.
  • the figure 1c allows in particular to illustrate the width 54 of block 2, as well as its depth 56.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates two stacked construction elements 10.
  • the block 2 of the lower construction element 10 is partially engaged, through its upper end 25, in the frame 1 of the upper construction element 10.
  • the construction elements 10 are assembled by nesting on top of each other, by shifting the block 2 relative to the frame 1, so that the block 2 is partially received in two frames located one on top of the other.
  • the construction module 100 comprises several construction elements 10 according to the invention, for example two construction elements 10 for the module 100 illustrated in Figure 3 and three construction elements 10 for the module 100 illustrated in Figure 4 .
  • the construction elements 10 are preferably fixed together via a side wall at a junction 3 between two frames 1, so as to be at the same height.
  • a single panel forms the front walls 1a of the frames 1 of several construction elements 10 and a single panel forms the rear walls 1a of the frames 1 of several construction elements.
  • the blocks 2 of the different construction elements can be moved independently.
  • FIG 5a illustrates a possible assembly with a construction element 10 according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • This assembly is particularly advantageous for forming the lowest level of a wall.
  • This assembly can for example include basic blocks 8, a hermetic layer 7, a board 5 and construction elements 10.
  • the basic blocks 8 are for example Ytong blocks aligned in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the figure 5a .
  • the hermetic layer 7 is for example formed from a sheet of EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene monomer).
  • the board 5, which can be called a sand pit, is preferably fixed by fixing means or screws 9 to the base blocks 8.
  • the construction elements 10, with a frame 1 where the second walls 1b are shortened as shown in figure 5b are arranged so that the board 5 is engaged between the first walls 1a and preferably abuts against the lower ends of the second walls 1b. Fixing means or screws 6 can be used to fix the first walls 1a to the board 5.
  • FIG. 5b illustrates the frame 1 whose second walls 1b are shorter than the first walls 1a, so as to create a passage 16 arranged to receive at least the upper part of the board 5.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a wall 200 comprising modules 100, 100a, 100b, 100c according to one embodiment of the invention and uprights 4. For reasons of clarity, only certain blocks are represented. They are shown in dotted lines to indicate that they are hidden inside the modules.
  • the modules 100 are preferably arranged vertically offset, so that a first part of an upper module rests on a first lower module and a second part of an upper module rests on a second lower module.
  • first 120 and second 130 blocks belonging to a first module 100a to be located partially in the first module 100a and partially respectively in a second module 100b and third module 100c. This results in a mechanical coupling between the second 100b and third 100c modules, via the first module 100a.
  • the wall 200 it is for example possible to cut the upper ends of the protruding blocks, or to provide blocks of lower height, in order to finish the wall with a horizontal surface.
  • the uprights 4 which can also be called rafters, are fixed, for example screwed or nailed, to several superimposed construction elements.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a part of a wall comprising a window 11.
  • the window 11 is an open part of the wall. It is delimited for example by a lower board 14 at the bottom, an upper board 15 at the top and lateral construction elements 10.
  • the upper board 15 preferably rests on second walls 1b of two of these side construction elements, which can be called first side construction elements 10c.
  • the wall also includes a lintel 12 located above the tureen board 15 and these first lateral construction elements 10c.
  • the lintel 12 is a construction module in which central construction elements 10a have their two second walls 1b shorter than their two first walls 1a, and end construction elements 10b have one of their two second walls 1b shorter than their first two walls 1a.
  • the blocks 2 of the first lateral construction elements 10c are partially inserted into the cavities of the end construction elements 10b.
  • the invention relates to an assembly comprising a first and a second construction elements 10 comprising a frame 1 and a block 2 capable of sliding in the frame 1 when it is subjected to an external force.
  • Block 2 can thus form a tenon between two superimposed frames 1 forming mortises.
  • Construction elements 10 fixed together laterally form modules 100 which can be assembled offset from one level to another so as to form a wall.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Anordnung, die ein erstes und ein zweites Bauelement (10) umfasst, wobei jedes Bauelement umfasst:
    • einen Rahmen (1), der einen Hohlraum (22) umfasst, der in eine obere Öffnung (22a) und eine untere Öffnung (22b) mündet, und
    • einen Block (2), der so eingerichtet ist, dass er sich unter der Wirkung eines äußeren Drucks in einer ersten Richtung (101) in dem Hohlraum (22) bewegt und bei Fehlen von äußerem Druck mindestens teilweise in dem Hohlraum (22) arretiert bleibt,
    wobei bei dem Bauelement ein oberes Ende (25) des Blocks (2) in der Lage ist, in die obere Öffnung (22a) des Hohlraums (22) einzurücken, und in der Lage ist, in die untere Öffnung (22b) des Hohlraums (22) einzurücken,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rahmen (1) des zweiten Bauelements (10) auf den Rahmen (1) des ersten Bauelements (10) gesetzt wird und der Block (2) des ersten Bauelements (10) mechanisch in dem Hohlraum (22) des Rahmens (1) des ersten Bauelements (10) und in dem Hohlraum (22) des Rahmens (1) des zweiten Bauelements (10) arretiert wird.
  2. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Hohlraum (22) und der Block (2) so beschaffen sind, dass der Block (2) durch dessen untere Öffnung (22b) in den Hohlraum (22) eintreten und durch dessen obere Öffnung (22a) aus diesem austreten kann.
  3. Anordnung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Differenz, im Absolutwert genommen, zwischen mindestens einer seitlichen Ausdehnung (53; 55) des Hohlraums (22) und einer entsprechenden seitlichen Ausdehnung (54; 56) des Blocks (2), die gemessen wird, wenn sich der Block (2) außerhalb des Hohlraums (22) befindet, weniger als 3 mm, vorzugsweise weniger als 2 mm, bevorzugter weniger als 1 mm beträgt.
  4. Anordnung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Differenz, im Absolutwert, zwischen der Breite (53) des Hohlraums (22) und der Breite (54) des Blocks (2), die gemessen wird, wenn sich der Block (2) außerhalb des Hohlraums (22) befindet, weniger als 3 mm, vorzugsweise weniger als 2 mm, bevorzugter weniger als 1 mm beträgt und/oder die Differenz, im Absolutwert, zwischen der Tiefe (55) des Hohlraums (22) und der Tiefe (56) des Blocks (2), die gemessen wird, wenn sich der Block (2) außerhalb des Hohlraums (22) befindet, weniger als 3 mm, vorzugsweise weniger als 2 mm, bevorzugter weniger als 1 mm beträgt.
  5. Anordnung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei das obere Ende (25) des Blocks (2) abgeschrägt ist und/oder wobei Ecken des oberen Endes (25) des Blocks (2) abgerundet sind.
  6. Anordnung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Rahmen (1) Seitenwände (1a, 1b) umfasst, die den Hohlraum (22) seitlich begrenzen, und wobei der Block (2) so vorgesehen ist, dass er sich mit allen Seitenwänden (1a, 1b) des Rahmens (1) in mechanischem Kontakt befindet, wenn er mindestens teilweise in dem Hohlraum (22) arretiert ist.
  7. Anordnung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Höhe (51) des Rahmens (1) im Wesentlichen gleich der Höhe (52) des Blocks (2) ist.
  8. Anordnung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Hohlraum (22) durch ebene Flächen begrenzt ist, die zur ersten Richtung (101) parallel sind.
  9. Anordnung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Rahmen (1) mindestens teilweise aus Holz und/oder aus Polymer besteht.
  10. Mauer (200), die mindestens drei Baumodule (11) umfasst, wobei jedes Modul umfasst
    ein erstes und ein zweites Bauelement (10), wobei jedes Bauelement (10) umfasst:
    • einen Rahmen (1), der einen Hohlraum (22) umfasst, der in eine obere Öffnung (22a) und eine untere Öffnung (22b) mündet, und
    • einen Block (2), der so eingerichtet ist, dass er sich unter der Wirkung eines äußeren Drucks in einer ersten Richtung (101) in dem Hohlraum (22) bewegt und bei Fehlen von äußerem Druck mindestens teilweise in dem Hohlraum (22) arretiert bleibt,
    wobei bei dem Bauelement ein oberes Ende (25) des Blocks (2) in der Lage ist, in die obere Öffnung (22a) des Hohlraums (22) einzurücken, und in der Lage ist, in die untere Öffnung (22b) des Hohlraums (22) einzurücken,
    wobei bei dem Modul der Rahmen (1) des ersten Bauelements (10) seitlich, zum Beispiel durch Verschrauben und/oder Verkleben, am Rahmen (1) des zweiten Bauelements (10) befestigt ist,
    die Module sind vertikal versetzt angeordnet, sodass ein erster Teil eines oberen Moduls, das das erste Modul (100a) bildet, auf einem ersten unteren Modul ruht, das das zweite Modul (100b) bildet, und ein zweiter Teil des oberen Moduls, das das erste Modul (100a) bildet, auf einem zweiten unteren Modul ruht, das das dritte Modul (100c) bildet, wobei mindestens das erstes (100a) der Baumodule umfasst:
    • einen ersten Block (120), der sich einerseits in einem ersten Hohlraum des ersten Baumoduls (100a) und andererseits in einem Hohlraum des zweiten (100b) der Baumodule befindet, und
    • einen zweiten Block (130), der sich einerseits in einem zweiten Hohlraum des ersten Baumoduls (100a) und andererseits in einem Hohlraum des dritten (100c) der Baumodule befindet.
  11. Mauer nach dem vorstehenden Anspruch, die weiter ein Baumodul (100) umfasst, das ein drittes Bauelement (10) umfasst, wobei das dritte Bauelement (10) umfasst
    • einen Rahmen (1), der einen Hohlraum (22) umfasst, der in eine obere Öffnung (22a) und eine untere Öffnung (22b) mündet, und
    • einen Block (2), der so eingerichtet ist, dass er sich unter der Wirkung eines äußeren Drucks in einer ersten Richtung (101) in dem Hohlraum (22) bewegt und bei Fehlen von äußerem Druck mindestens teilweise in dem Hohlraum (22) arretiert bleibt,
    wobei bei dem Bauelement ein oberes Ende (25) des Blocks (2) in der Lage ist, in die obere Öffnung (22a) des Hohlraums (22) einzurücken, und in der Lage ist, in die untere Öffnung (22b) des Hohlraums (22) einzurücken,
    wobei das dritte Bauelement seitlich am Rahmen (1) des zweiten Bauelements (10) befestigt ist.
  12. Gebäude, das eine Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 oder eine Mauer nach Anspruch 10 oder 11 umfasst.
  13. Verfahren zum Bau einer Mauer (200) oder einer vertikalen Wand, das die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    (a) Bereitstellen eines ersten Rahmens (1), der einen Hohlraum (22) umfasst, der in eine obere Öffnung (22a) und eine untere Öffnung (22b) mündet,
    (b) Bereitstellen eines zweiten Rahmens (1), der einen Hohlraum (22) umfasst, der in eine obere Öffnung (22a) und eine untere Öffnung (22b) mündet,
    (c) Bereitstellen eines Blocks (2), der so eingerichtet ist, dass er sich unter der Wirkung eines äußeren Drucks in einer ersten Richtung (101) in dem Hohlraum (22) des ersten Rahmens (1) bewegt und bei Fehlen von äußerem Druck mindestens teilweise in dem Hohlraum (22) des ersten Rahmens (1) arretiert bleibt, und sich unter der Wirkung eines äußeren Drucks in der ersten Richtung (101) in dem Hohlraum (22) des zweiten Rahmens (1) bewegt und bei Fehlen von äußerem Druck mindestens teilweise in dem Hohlraum (22) des zweiten Rahmens (1) arretiert bleibt, und
    (d) Einrücken des Blocks (2) in die obere Öffnung (22a) des Hohlraums (22) des ersten Rahmens (1) und in die untere Öffnung (22b) des Hohlraums (22) des zweiten Rahmens (1), wobei der Rahmen (1) des zweiten Bauelements (10) auf den Rahmen (1) des ersten Bauelements gelegt wird.
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ZA202101466B (en) 2022-07-27
DOP2021000037A (es) 2021-05-31
MA53590A (fr) 2021-12-15
US20210189723A1 (en) 2021-06-24
WO2020053047A1 (fr) 2020-03-19
EP4372167A2 (de) 2024-05-22
AU2019339595A1 (en) 2021-03-25
CR20210107A (es) 2021-06-11
BE1026597A1 (fr) 2020-04-01
EP3850168A1 (de) 2021-07-21
CN112639232A (zh) 2021-04-09
BE1026597B1 (fr) 2020-04-09
CA3111044A1 (fr) 2020-03-19
BR112021004179A2 (pt) 2021-05-25

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