Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
  • E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
  • E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
  • E04B2002/0254—Tie rods

Definitions

• Wall is defined as a partition or a wall, bearing or not, of a building.
• building elements such as blocks or bricks.
• the implementation of these different elements requires the use of a binder.
• bricks or breeze blocks induces important civil engineering work to build foundations.
• the very nature of the materials used frequently involves the implementation of additional insulation, bricks and blocks not having an optimal coefficient of thermal insulation.
• Round timber constructions commonly known as Scandinavian type constructions, are known in particular, where round cylindrical globally cylindrical logs are stacked to form the walls of the building. These logs are fixed to each other by a male / female type connection system, for example, grooves receiving tabs. Such logs require a relatively complex implementation, with particular expertise to achieve sealed connections between the logs. Furthermore, the use of wood logs involves a resumption of games between the logs, after complete drying of the latter.
• WO-A-2004/088057 discloses wood bricks of rectangular shape, provided on four of their faces with grooves for stacking and abutting by insertion of tongues in grooves. The maintenance between the stacked bricks is effected by reinforcement tubes inserted into holes in the bricks. The implementation of these bricks is relatively complex and requires the use of adhesive to fix the tongues in the grooves.
• CA-A-1 081 91 1 describes wood bricks whose upper and lower faces are of complementary shapes, thus enabling them to be stacked.
• a tongue inserted in transverse grooves in two abutting bricks ensures the connection of two bricks juxtaposed. Cables pass through the bricks and adjustably provide the connection between the stacked bricks. The openings made in the bricks to pass the cables generate thermal bridges.
• the invention proposes another type of construction elements allowing easy assembly between these elements, not requiring the use of an adhesive and not generating a thermal bridge.
• the subject of the invention is a set of construction elements comprising a first type of element provided with four-sided connecting members and adapted to be stacked and abutted with at least one other element of the same type, comprising at least:
• a second type of element adapted to be fixed on a flat surface and to form a reception base for elements of the first type
• a third type of elements formed by cables, adapted to connect, in tension and removably, the elements of the first type to the elements of the second type, characterized in that each cable is inserted in a space defined between at least two walls of at least one element of the first type.
• such a set of building elements may incorporate one or more of the following features:
• Each element of the second type has a face provided with regularly arranged openings and adapted to each receive a portion of a cable.
• the cables are arranged between the elements of the second type and an element of the first type disposed at the upper end of a column of elements of the first type and provided with a cable holding member.
• the holding member is a tab configured generally in ⁇ and provided with a hole for the passage of one end of the cable.
• Each cable is inserted in a groove formed in a plate inserted in the space defined between two elements of the first type juxtaposed.
• An element of the first type is configured to form a housing for a shutter.
• the invention also relates to a method of implementing such a set of elements according to one of the preceding characteristics, comprising at least the following steps:
• the invention further relates to a building comprising at least one wall made with a set of elements according to one of the preceding features.
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an element of the first type according to an embodiment of the invention, shown with parts in pre-assembly configuration,
• FIG. 2 is a figure similar to FIG. 1, the element being shown mounted,
• FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view, on a different scale, of a portion of two perpendicular walls mounted with elements of the first, second and third types in accordance with one embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 7 is a general view, on the same scale as FIG. 6, of an element of the second type corresponding to an embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6 and used to mount two perpendicular walls
• FIG. 8 is a perspective view, partial and on another scale, of a first row of elements of the first type mounted on the element illustrated in FIG. 7 and on elements such as that represented in FIG. ,
• FIG. 9 is a perspective view, on a smaller scale, of an element of the first type according to one embodiment of the invention and comprising a housing for a roller shutter,
• FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic view on another scale of a building made with first, second and third types of elements, only the external and internal walls being illustrated for more legibility and
• FIG. 1 1 is a perspective view, on a different scale, of elements of a first type, in premounting position, adapted to form the corners of a building according to another embodiment.
• Element 1 or brick 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is an element of the first type, generally in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped. Alternatively, it may be a square parallelepiped.
• This element 1 is advantageously made from a cellulose-based material, for example Class 4 Oriented Stand Board (OSB) panels, ie panels of glued wood lamellae working under high stresses in humid environment.
• OSB Class 4 Oriented Stand Board
• the element 1 is advantageously hollow, that is to say in the form of box in which is available during its manufacture a thermal insulating material and / or acoustic, bulk or plates. In this case, this element 1 is inserted in mineral wool. Alternatively, cellulose wadding or other insulating material is used. In another embodiment, the element 1 is full, it can then be made of another material, preferably itself insulating thermally and / or acoustically.
• the elements 1 have predefined sizes in length, width and thickness.
• the height of an element 1 is, for common constructions, between 35 and 65 cm, with a progression step of 5 cm.
• bricks are obtained whose heights Hi are 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60 or 65 cm.
• the length L-i of such a brick as for it varies advantageously from 30 to 60 cm with a step of progression of 10 cm.
• the thickness Ei of these elements 1 varies from 60mm to 600mm.
• elements 1 of different dimensions Hi, Li, or even of different thickness E- ⁇ can be used to mount the same wall. To mount a wall, it is necessary to use at least elements whose width Li is 30, 40 or 50 centimeters for a height H- ⁇ of 35, 40 or 45 centimeters.
• the different faces of an element or brick 1 are connected in a sealed manner, so that the insulating material inserted in the volume of the brick 1 is not in contact with the outside. This makes it possible to limit any phenomenon of condensation or humidity on the wall.
• the panels or side walls 2 and 3 parallel of the element 1 are connected by parallel webs 4 and 5.
• the webs 4 and 5 are of the same height as the walls 2 and 3. They are arranged, looking at FIG. so that their lower ends 40, 50 project from the lower ends 20, 30 of the side walls.
• the upper ends of the webs 4, 5, respectively 41, 51 opposite the ends 40, 50 are set back with respect to the upper edges 21, 31 of the walls 2, 3.
• it is defined, on a lower face 100 of the element 1 a male-type connecting member 20, 30, 40, 50 and on its opposite upper face 101, a female-type connecting element 21, 31, 41, 51 adapted to receive the elements 20, 30, 40, 50 of another element 1 of the same type.
• the lower faces 100 and upper 101 are delimited by flat plates 100, 101.
• Cleats 6 and 7 are arranged at each of the faces. Only the cleats on the plate 101 are visible in Figures 1 and 2.
• the length L T of each batten 6, 7 is slightly less than the length Li of the walls 2, 3, so as to provide, between the ends 60, 61 , 70, 71 of the cleats 6 and 7 and the webs 4 and 5, a space of width E T corresponding to the thickness of the ends 40 and 50 of the webs 4, 5 of a brick 1.
• the cleats 6, 7 are, in this case square section. They have sides of width l T slightly greater than that of the space between the surface 101 and the ends 21 and 31 of the walls 2, 3.
• the cleats 6, 7 of a first element 1 can be inserted partially in the space delimited between the surface 100 and the ends 20, 30 of a second element 1 placed above the first element 1.
• the cleats 6 and 7 are arranged in the space Es available between two superposed elements 1.
• Cleats 8 and 9 are inserted in this space. Their dimensions are such that they rest on two parts 23, 33 of the panels 2 and 3 located between the edges 200, 300 and the webs 4 and 5. These cleats 8, 9 thus participate in maintaining and guiding the elements 1 butted.
• a plate-shaped element 10 is inserted in the space Ep thus defined between the webs 4 and 5 of two abutting elements 1 and the cleats 8 and 9, a plate-shaped element 10 is inserted.
• This element 10 is advantageously made of a thermally insulating material advantageously flexible, for example rock wool or wood fiber.
• the plate 10 is provided with a longitudinal groove 1 1 extending in the middle position along its entire length.
• the plate 10 is made of a sufficiently flexible material, it is not necessary to provide a groove 1 1 in the latter.
• the cleats 6 to 9 and the insulating plate 10 are removably mounted between the elements 1. For this, they are supported on the walls 2, 3 and the webs 4, 5 of the element 1. Alternatively, they are glued and / or nailed to at least one element 1.
• the walls 2 and 3 of two stacked elements 1 are located in two parallel planes P 2 , P 3 and the webs 4 and 5 of these same stacked elements 1 are also located in two planes P 4 , P 5 parallel.
• the faces 2, 3 and 4, 5 of the various elements 1 thus connected are aligned.
• the cleats 8 and 9 and the grooves 1 1 of the stacked elements 1 are also aligned.
• the base 12 of elongated shape and with a substantially rectangular cross-section, comprises a main body 13.
• This body 13 is held, for example by screwing, on a slab or in the ground, by means of through-holes 14 threaded rods or screws, not shown.
• the body 13 comprises an upper plate 16, flat, which is provided with two types of orifices 15 and 17.
• the orifices 15, circular are aligned and arranged regularly in two parallel rows, distributed in the vicinity of the longitudinal edges of the plate 16.
• the holes 17, also circular, are larger in diameter than the orifices 15. They are aligned in a direction generally coincident with a longitudinal axis X of the plate 16.
• This plate 16 rests on flanks 160, 161 which are respectively projecting and recessed with respect to the ends of the plate 16.
• One side 162 of the plate 16 bears on the free end of a veil or flank 18 belonging to 13.
• the side 163 of the plate 16 opposite the side 162 extends beyond the sides 160, 161. With such a configuration, the plate 16 forms a cover.
• the body 13 is open on one side, which allows a user to access the underside of the plate 16.
• FIG. 6 illustrates another preferred embodiment of a second type of element 24 forming a base.
• This base 24 is formed by a flattened piece, elongate and generally U-shaped transverse cross section or ⁇ . The ends of the arms of the U are folded outwards and form lugs 25, 26 provided with fasteners 27, in this case screws, for mounting the base 24 on a flat surface, for example a non-slab. illustrated.
• each cutout 30 is formed at the junction zone between an arm 28 and the bottom 29 of the base 24. These cuts 30 are regularly arranged.
• the bottom 31 of each cutout 30 is extended by a groove 32 whose closed end 33 is substantially located in the middle position on the bottom 29. In other words, the ends 33 of the grooves 32 are aligned along a longitudinal axis X 24 of the base 24.
• the bottom 36 of the U is provided with cutouts 30 'extended by grooves 32', identical to those formed on the base 24.
• the closed ends of the grooves 32 ' are aligned in the middle position of each leg of the base 34.
• the base 34 is a similar element to the base 24 but configured at right angles. It is possible to align one or more bases 24 with the legs of a base 34 to perform the mounting of walls at right angles.
• the necessary number of bases 12, 24 or 34 is abutted, depending on the plane of the building.
• the bases 12, 24, 34 are fixed permanently or, advantageously, removable in the slab or the floor.
• the upper faces 16, 29, 36 of these bases, respectively 12, 24, 34 are coplanar.
• the elements 1 forming a first row of the wall to be mounted.
• the dimensions and the number of elements 1 are adapted to the dimensions of the wall to be made.
• the layout consists of defining the location and the position of the minimum number of elements 1 necessary to make a given wall.
• the guidance in position of the elements 1 on the bases 12, 24 and 34 is formed by the ends 20 and 30 of the walls 2 and 3 bearing against the outer faces of the legs 28 of the U constituting the bases 24 or 34.
• a row of elements 1 for example the first one, is made on the bases 12, 24 or 34, the cleats 8 and 9 and the insulating plate 10 are inserted between two abutting elements 1.
• the dimensions and the position of the elements 1 are adapted so that the grooves 1 1 of the plates 10 are aligned with the orifices 17 or the cutouts 30, 30 'respectively of the bases 12, 24 or 34.
• This element 1 ' is of square cross section. It has two perpendicular faces adapted to receive, each, cleats 8 and 9 and an insulating element 10.
• FIG 11 illustrates another embodiment of elements 1 "" for forming angles.
• These elements 1 "” have a space Ep 'delimited by two webs 400, 401 parallel and connecting the walls 2 "" and 3 "".
• the web 401 delimiting, with the web 400, the space Ep 'is not fixed on another element 1 "" but on the same element.
• there is a space Ep ' allowing the passage of the cable 42.
• an insulating material in the form of a flexible plate can be inserted into this space Ep.
• elements 1 " In the upper part of the wall, in order to finish the assembly of the latter, elements 1 ", referred to as” terminals, are used: the elements 1 "are abutted like the elements 1, 1 ', that is to say by interposing between two elements 1" cleats 8 and 9 and an insulating plate 10.
• These elements 1 " shown in Figure 4, have the edges 21 ', 31' of the panels 2 'and 3' which extend above the surface 101 ' on a height greater than that of the edges 21, 31 of the elements 1.
• a space E 37 between the edges 21 ', 31' and the face 101 '.
• each plate 10 At the junction areas between two elements 1 "abutted, that is to say on the end of each plate 10, there is a tab 38, preferably metal, generally configured in ⁇ . The ends 39 folded towards the outside of each leg
• each lug 38 are supported on the cleats 37.
• the bottom 40 of each lug 38 is provided with an orifice 41 whose position and dimensions are adapted to be in line with the groove 1 1 when the lug 38 is in position.
• a tensioning member in this case a cable 42
• the distance between two adjacent cuts 30 is adapted so that the cutouts 30 are always aligned with the grooves 1 1 of the elements 1, 1 ', 1 "stacked, given the different widths L- ⁇ thereof.
• the cable 42 thus forms a third type of element for locking, in tension and removably, the elements 1, 1 ', 1 "stacked.
• the introduction of the cable is carried out when a column of elements 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1" "has been mounted, before the establishment of a neighboring column .
• the lower end 420 of the cable 42, 3, is terminated by a head, not shown, for locking the end 420 of the cable 42 in the groove 32 without the latter being disengaged.
• the upper end 421 of the cable 42 is advantageously threaded.
• the elements 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1" " are mounted in a manner similar to that described above if the bases 12 illustrated in FIG. 5 are used.
• the open part of the base 12 inserted under the plate 16 an end head of the cable 42.
• the cable 42 is introduced into the bore 17.
• the head for locking the cable 42, when it is in place, is of dimensions adapted to those of the orifice 17.
• an element 1 '' such as that described in FIG. 9 is used.
• this element 1 "' is an element of the first type whose space Ev between a face 101 "'and the ends of the panels 2"', 3 "'and flanks 4"', 5 "'is adapted to the size of a shutter. If necessary, the face 101"' is removed, 'element 1' 'is then open up, for the rest, element 1 "' is similar to elements 1, 1 'or 1" of the first type.
• the different bricks 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1"', 1 "” allow to mount as much of the outer walls as inside a building.
• These elements 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1"', 1 "” can also come in wall cover existing, in a definitive or dismountable way. This produces walls of different heights, with light and insulating elements, namely wood bricks.
• the elements of the third type namely the tensioning cables may be more limited in number, or in some cases be put in place only if necessary.
• the insulating plate 10 and the cleats 8, 9 allow the elements, both vertically and horizontally, to be prefabricated. In other words, using a sandwich-type piece comprising two wooden plates trapping a plate of insulation, to connect the bricks together.
• the dimensions of the bricks 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1"', 1 "” used allow the assembly of wall-like walls made from bricks or blocks of standard sizes. In other words, the architectural plans of a building made of blocks or bricks are not modified when using such elements 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1"', 1 "" of construction.
• the tensioning members 42 not only make it possible to stiffen the stack of the elements 1, 1 ', 1 ", 1"', 1 "” but also to ensure a tight connection between the latter and that in a removable way with a mounting and a quick setup.
• the mounting of a wall of 2.5 m long and 3 m high is performed in 1 hour by a person.
• the buildings thus produced can also be inserted in a structure which is itself a carrier, for example in a structure with metal frameworks.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Finishing Walls (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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Citations (2)

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• 2009
  • 2009-11-18 FR FR0958135A patent/FR2952659B1/fr active Active
• 2010
  • 2010-11-17 JP JP2012539387A patent/JP2013511636A/ja active Pending
  • 2010-11-17 WO PCT/FR2010/052442 patent/WO2011061445A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2010-11-17 US US13/510,043 patent/US8667751B2/en active Active
  • 2010-11-17 CA CA2781072A patent/CA2781072C/fr active Active
  • 2010-11-17 EP EP10795738A patent/EP2501873A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2012
  • 2012-05-17 CL CL2012001291A patent/CL2012001291A1/es unknown

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