Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
  • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
  • E04B2/8623—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with spacers and at least one form leaf being monolithic

Definitions

• the present invention aims to provide improvements to the construction of various works by means of a shuttering element and a set of shuttering elements, or shuttering, stackable and nestable together, which allow , by combining the assembly of these elements, to compose cavities intended to receive a filling of various materials, by facilitating the installation of reinforcement cages, in particular when this filling material is a concrete which must be reinforced, while allowing the realization of different widths of the work and different curvatures, by facets, of the same work and to realize it in different materials.
• blocks of the "blocking type” type which are molded in one piece and which have at least one vertical cell closed on four sides. If such blocks allow the installation of vertical reinforcing bars without great difficulty, they however require a significant covering of these bars, especially for works of great height.
• These blocks only allow the implementation of a cage of very small cross-sectional frames which can pass into the cells of the block and are not necessarily suitable for the production of works which must resist a strong lateral thrust, such as a wall of significant support for example.
• Blocks of this type have interlocking devices facilitating their vertical and / or horizontal alignments.
• the existing shuttering blocks are generally available in a limited choice of manufacturing widths: 20, 25, 27 or 30 cm. These blocks can be assembled at least by longitudinal interlocking then by superimposition, with or without vertical interlocking depending on the models and manufacturers, but are not designed to make posts and receive cages of reinforcement of large section or make walls thicker than 30 cm.
• shuttering blocks are almost all made of mineral aggregate concrete while their use could be relevant for walls made of vegetable fiber concrete, in particular, if they were produced in this material and s' they did not present simultaneously the defects of implementation of the blocks molded in one piece, therefore closed, and of the limited dimensions mentioned above, because the walls made with concrete of vegetable fibers require significant wall thicknesses: 40, 45, 60 cm or more to be effective in terms of thermal resistance.
• the weight of the shuttering blocks in widths of 20 to 30 cm is not negligible.
• the weight of these blocks can reach 20 to 24 kg, which is a factor of painful handling for the operator responsible for their implementation.
• the shuttering blocks are designed and produced in almost their majority to produce rectilinear walls and the use of these blocks to produce curved walls proves to be delicate and random in the assembly and maintenance of blocks between them when pouring concrete for example.
• the boxes of the prior art are manufactured in the workshop and assembled on site. Their weight often requires mechanical lifting means for their implementation. The positioning of these boxes can only be done next to posts of existing structure and the cladding of these posts is then made to measure and on site.
• the object of the invention is to provide a shuttering element, a simple set of prefabricated shuttering or shuttering elements, and a related process for producing various works: walls of buildings, retaining walls, planters, etc ... from a simple set of wall elements,
• the set of elements can include a main element, an element to insert or insert, two elements with opening in counter and a secondary step step, whose characteristics provide both great simplicity in their implementation and allow, by assembly composition, to make walls wider than the widths of the products offered on the market, with the same element which fits and is assembled dry, by settling the problems related to the integration of posts or reinforcements of all dimensions, in reinforced concrete or wood in particular, in these walls.
• the formwork element and all the elements constituting the set of formwork elements have a reduced weight which appreciably reduces the painful handling for the operator during their implementation relative to a block to classic bancher.
• the invention is primarily aimed at a formwork element, which is essentially characterized in that it comprises a facial longitudinal wall and two opposite side walls each extending from said longitudinal wall to a free end edge forming a free end, in that the respective external faces of the two side walls have alternating interlocking notches projecting and recessed, and in that the free end edge of the first side wall has a first interlocking element cooperating with a second interlocking element located on the free end edge (8) of the second opposite side wall.
• the formwork element of the invention may also include the following optional characteristics, considered in isolation or according to all possible technical combinations:
• the facial longitudinal wall is longer than the two opposite side walls, and these three walls have in longitudinal section a general U-shape.
• the first interlocking element is a male type interlocking element, and in that the second interlocking element is a female type interlocking element.
• the alternation of interlocking serrations projecting and recessed from the two side walls comprise at least two protruding crenellations and two recessed crenellations.
• the interlocking grooves projecting and recessed from the two opposite side walls extend over the height of said walls and have the same width.
• the first and second interlocking elements located respectively on the free end edges of the first and second side walls extend over the height of the corresponding free edge.
• the facial longitudinal wall and the two opposite lateral walls have the same height H.
• the formwork element has a height H1 less than the height H of the formwork element previously stated, and also has a cutout longitudinal forming step on at least part of the lower longitudinal edge of the longitudinal facial wall.
• the height H1 of the formwork element corresponds substantially to half the height H of the formwork element previously stated, the height of the longitudinal cut 13 is between 2 and 20 millimeters, and the length of the longitudinal cut is between half and three quarters of the length of the longitudinal facial wall.
• an off-center orifice forming a window opening is located on the longitudinal longitudinal wall.
• the off-centered orifice has a height h of between one third and two thirds of the height H of the facial longitudinal wall and a width I corresponding to the width formed by two projecting interlocking crenellations and two recessed interlocking crenellations.
• the decentered orifice is hexagonal or oblong in shape having a height h greater than its width I.
• the external face of the longitudinal longitudinal wall has alternating interlocking crenellations projecting and recessed.
• the interlocking crenellations projecting and set back from the longitudinal longitudinal wall extend over the height of said wall and have the same width.
• the alternation of interlocking serrations projecting from and recessed from the facial longitudinal wall is offset so that a recessed serration is located at the first lateral edge of the facial longitudinal wall and in that a The protruding notch is located at the second opposite lateral edge of the longitudinal facial wall.
• the external face of the longitudinal longitudinal wall of the formwork element is smooth.
• the formwork element can be made of a material chosen from a mineral aggregate concrete, a fiber concrete of plant origin chosen from hemp, flax shrimp, miscanthus, reed, typha, bamboo, sugarcane, rapeseed straw, wood fiber or other vegetable fiber, aerated concrete, pumice concrete, clay concrete, concrete slate, a concrete based on any other material of mineral origin, a synthetic fiber concrete, a high performance fiber concrete, wood, panels of wood chips or wood particles, terracotta, raw earth.
• a material chosen from a mineral aggregate concrete a fiber concrete of plant origin chosen from hemp, flax shrimp, miscanthus, reed, typha, bamboo, sugarcane, rapeseed straw, wood fiber or other vegetable fiber, aerated concrete, pumice concrete, clay concrete, concrete slate, a concrete based on any other material of mineral origin, a synthetic fiber concrete, a high performance fiber concrete, wood, panels of wood chips or wood particles, terracotta, raw earth.
• the invention further relates to a set of elements, or set of elements, which is essentially characterized in that it comprises at least one covering element as previously defined according to one or more of alternatives presented, and at least one insert having a first free edge forming a free butt end provided with a first interlocking element cooperating with the first interlocking element of the free end piece of the first side wall of the element and a second opposite free edge forming a free end provided with a second interlocking element cooperating with the second interlocking element of the free end piece of the second side wall of the element to be laid.
• the set of elements of the invention may also include the following optional characteristics considered in isolation or according to all the possible technical combinations: -
• the insert has at least one active face connecting the free ends which comprise the first and second interlocking elements, which active face has at least one projecting interlocking groove and a recessed interlocking crenelation;
• the active face has a width greater than the opposite inactive face
• the set of elements comprises, in addition to at least one insert, at least: o a formwork element for which the longitudinal facial wall and the two opposite lateral walls have the same height H, and the external face of the wall longitudinal facial presents an alternation of recessed and recessed interlocking crenellations, o a formwork element for which the facial longitudinal wall and the two opposite lateral walls have the same height H, and the external face of the longitudinal facial wall is smooth , o a formwork element which has a height H1 less than the height H, which also has a longitudinal cut 13 forming a step on at least part of the lower longitudinal edge 22 of the longitudinal face wall 14 and for which the external face of the longitudinal longitudinal wall has alternating recessed and recessed interlocking crenellations, o a covering element which has a height H1 less than the height H, which p further comprises a longitudinal cut forming a step on at least a portion of the lower longitudinal edge of the longitudinal facial wall and for which the external face of the longitudinal facial wall is smooth, o a formwork element
• FIG. 1 is a top view of the formwork element of the invention according to first, third, fourth and fifth alternative embodiments;
• FIG. 2 is a front view of the planing element according to the first embodiment of the invention for which the outer face of the longitudinal longitudinal wall has crenellations and has a height H;
• FIG. 3 is a top view of an insert forming part of the set of formwork elements of the invention.
• FIG. 4 is a top view of the formwork element of the invention according to second and sixth alternative embodiments for which the external face of the longitudinal longitudinal wall is devoid of crenellations;
• FIG. 5 is a front view of the formwork element of the invention according to the second embodiment for which the outer face of the longitudinal longitudinal wall is devoid of notches and has a height H;
• FIG. 6 is a front view of the formwork element of the invention according to the third embodiment for which the longitudinal longitudinal wall has a window opening arranged on the left;
• - Figure 7 is a front view of the formwork element of the invention according to the fourth embodiment for which the longitudinal longitudinal wall has a window opening arranged on the right;
• FIG. 8 is a front view of the window opening of the covering elements of the third and fourth variants of FIGS. 6 and 7;
• FIG. 9 is a front view of the outer face of a first side wall of the formwork element of the invention according to the first, third, fourth and fifth embodiments;
• FIG. 10 is a front view of the outer face of the second opposite side wall of the formwork element of the invention according to the first, third, fourth and fifth alternative embodiments;
• FIG. 11 is a front view of the active face of the insert forming part of the set of formwork elements of the invention.
• FIG. 12 is a front view of the planing element according to the fifth alternative embodiment of the invention for which the outer face of the longitudinal face wall has serrations, has a height H1 and has a longitudinal step;
• FIG. 13 is a front view of the planing element according to the sixth alternative embodiment of the invention for which the outer face of the longitudinal longitudinal wall is devoid of notches, has a height H1 and has a longitudinal step;
• FIG. 14 shows an example of possible positioning configuration of several shuttering elements of the invention to form a post and walls of different widths
• FIG. 16 is another example of positioning configuration partially taking the configuration of Figure 14 with the addition, to the right of the post figured, of stepped elements according to the fifth and sixth alternative embodiments forming a retention of the drainage material behind a retaining wall;
• FIGS. 17 and 18 each represent an example of the use of the insert forming part of the set of formwork elements and intended to increase the width of a cell between two formwork elements of the invention facing each other. screws;
• FIG. 21 shows an example of different possibilities of layout made from the set of formwork elements of the invention in order to create convex and concave curvatures on a structure.
• the set of formwork elements of the invention is composed:
• main element formed by three walls which can have notches on their outside faces and on the free ends of the side walls of the interlocking devices
• a secondary element identical to the main element but with a height substantially equal to half the height of the main element and provided with at least one longitudinal step on at least one long edge its facial wall, and of two elements (second and sixth variants) respectively identical to the main element (first variant) and to the secondary element (fifth variant) but without any notching on their facial wall.
• the main element as much as the other elements, is open in a U shape and can be positioned in end-to-end continuity to make walls to be laid, either on the inside. or outside of a wall to be made and whatever its thickness.
• the main element which is open in a "U" shape can be assembled vis-à-vis with a second identical element to form a formwork around a post reinforcement cage made of reinforced concrete wall, or an existing wooden post if it is a house with a wooden structure, for example, which is impossible if the post is already connected at the head with beams or other elements of construction.
• the main element makes it possible to compose walls of multiple thickness as well as posts of dimensions also multiple and to allow an easy installation of reinforcement cages.
• the main element can be used to make lost formwork from the edge of the floor.
• the main element is formed by a long face wall and two short side walls parallel to each other, arranged in return and perpendicular to each end of the long face wall, the assembly visually resembling a "U” in top view and which can have on the external faces of this "U” projecting crenellations and recessed crenellations arranged alternately at regular spaces and that the two free ends of the side walls are respectively provided with devices male socket for one butt and female for the other butt.
• the off-center of the crenellations on the long facial wall allows an assembly by interlocking of two elements positioned perpendicular to the same nude alignment, by simply inverting one or the other element.
• the projecting crenellations may be of width slightly less than the width of the recessed crenellations, whether they are parallelepipedic or trapezoidal.
• the elements can be superimposed with an offset of one or more slots at each row, thus constituting a wall with "fruit” very useful for retaining walls in particular.
• the aliasing can be off-center on the long facial wall, starting at one end with a projecting notch and ending at the other end with a recessed notch.
• Another improvement brought by the shape of the element and the arrangement of its crenellations is to be able to assemble it in continuity end-to-end, by simple inversion of one or the other element, for to make walls with shuttering whose width can be variable on the same wall.
• crenellations of the short side walls of the elements can be arranged in reverse order from one another.
• At least two projecting crenellations and two recessed crenellations can be arranged on each of their short side walls.
• a secondary element to the main element with a height substantially equal to half the height of the main element and provided with a longitudinal step on a long edge of its facial wall makes it possible to facilitate offset assemblies in height, or in staircase, but also to realize a draining wall, connected by interlocking to the rest of the structure, behind a retaining wall made with these elements.
• the step of the secondary element may be between 2 and 20 mm high and between 1 ⁇ 2 and 3 ⁇ 4 of the total length of the element.
• the notches and the interlocking devices of each element can be of a height respectively and substantially equal to the height of each element.
• the ends of the element to be inserted may have a reverse bevel from one another reducing the length of the opposite face, called the inactive face, to that comprising the two notches, called the active face.
• the window opening presented by two elements can be of a vertically elongated shape whose height can be between 1/3 and 2/3 of the height of the element and whose maximum width can be equal to the sum of the widths of two projecting crenellations plus two recessed crenellations.
• the material constituting the elements can be a mineral aggregate concrete, a fiber concrete of plant origin (hemp, flax shives, miscanthus, reed, typha, bamboo, sugar cane, rapeseed straw, fiber wood or whatever fiber of vegetable origin), cellular concrete, pumice concrete, clay concrete, slate concrete, concrete of other material of mineral origin, synthetic fiber concrete, fiber concrete high performance, in wood, in panels of wood chips or wood particles, in terracotta, in raw earth.
• a mineral aggregate concrete a fiber concrete of plant origin (hemp, flax shives, miscanthus, reed, typha, bamboo, sugar cane, rapeseed straw, fiber wood or whatever fiber of vegetable origin)
• cellular concrete pumice concrete
• clay concrete slate concrete
• concrete of other material of mineral origin concrete of other material of mineral origin
• synthetic fiber concrete fiber concrete high performance, in wood, in panels of wood chips or wood particles, in terracotta, in raw earth.
• Two elements devoid of any notching on their facial wall are particularly usable for the facades of structures which can thus be stamped and, in their basic version, the retaining walls of the drainage structure at the rear of a retaining wall.
• the main element of the first alternative embodiment 1 illustrated by FIGS. 1, 2, 9 and 10 consists of: a longitudinal longitudinal wall 14 monobloc parallelepiped; projecting interlocking crenels 7 and recessed 6 arranged alternately and at regular spaces on each outer face 21, 19, 20 of the "U" of the facial wall 14 and of the two side walls 9 and 10 respectively, the order arrangement of these crenellations being reversed on each side wall 9 and 10, and the arrangement of these crenellations on the facial wall 14 imperatively starting with a projecting crenelation 7 at one end 24 and ending with a recessed crenelation 6 at the other end 23; interlocking devices on each free end edge 8 forming free end 8 of the side walls 9 and 10, one being male 1 1 and the other female 12.
• the projecting crenellations 7 may be of a width slightly less than the width of the recessed crenellations 6 if they are parallelepiped, unless they are slightly trapezoidal.
• the height of the interlocking notches 6 and 7 is substantially equal to the height H of the element 1.
• the height of the interlocking devices 1 1 and 12 is substantially equal to the height H of the element 1.
• a second element forming an insert 2 and forming part of the set of shuttering elements of the invention illustrated by FIGS. 3 and 1 1 consists of: a section of the main element 1 with a length equal to l 'addition of the width of a projecting notch 7 and the width of a recessed notch 6; a projecting interlocking slot 7 and a recessed interlocking slot (6) on one of the faces of the element 2; more specifically, the insert 2 has an active face 27 having a projecting interlocking crenelation 7 and a recessed interlocking crenelation 6, the width of this active face 27 corresponding to these two adjacent crenellations 6,7 as indicated above.
• the projecting serrations 7 may be of a width slightly less than the width of the recessed serrations 6 if they are parallelepiped, unless they are slightly trapezoidal.
• the height of the interlocking notches 6, 7 is substantially equal to the height H of the element 1.
• the height of the fitting devices 11 and 12 is substantially equal to the height H of the element 1.
• the ends 15, 26 each have a reverse bevel from one another, thus reducing the length of the face opposite to that comprising the notches.
• the active face 27 has a width substantially greater than the width of its opposite inactive face 28. Remaining within the scope of the invention, the active 27 and inactive 28 faces can be of the same width in the case where there is no is not necessary to achieve curvatures.
• FIGS. 1 and 6 A third element 3 forming a third variant embodiment is illustrated by FIGS. 1 and 6 and constituted in the same way as the main element 1 except that: it comprises a window opening 16 arranged in the left part of its facial wall of a vertically elongated shape whose height h is between 1/3 and 2/3 of the height H of the element 3 and whose maximum width I is equal to the sum of the widths of two projecting crenellations 7 and two indented crenellations 6.
• This shape can be round or oblong for wooden elements or in particle board.
• FIGS. 1 and 7 A fourth element 4 forming a fourth alternative embodiment is illustrated by FIGS. 1 and 7 and constituted in the same way as the main element 1 except that: it comprises a window opening 16 arranged in the right part of its facial wall of a vertically elongated shape whose height h is between 1/3 and 2/3 of the height H of the element and whose maximum width I is equal the sum of the widths of two projecting crenellations 7 and two recessed crenellations 6.
• This shape can be round or oblong for wooden elements or in particle board.
• a step element 5 forming a fifth embodiment illustrated by Figures 1 and 12 is constituted in the same way as the main element 1 except in that: its height H1 is substantially equal to half the height H of the main element 1; it includes a longitudinal step 13 on a long edge of its facial wall with a height D between 2 and 20 mm and a length L between 1 ⁇ 2 and 3 ⁇ 4 of the length of the element 5.
• a step (or step ) is a step that breaks the continuity of a profile.
• the longitudinal step 13 is formed by a longitudinal cut 13 of length L and height D located at the lower longitudinal edge 22 of the longitudinal face wall 14.
• FIGS. 4, 5 and 13 Two elements 1a and 5a illustrated by FIGS. 4, 5 and 13, are respectively identical to elements 1 and 5 but do not have any notches on their facial wall 14, or more precisely on the external face 21 of their facial wall 14. These two elements can possibly have a stamped face with aspects of stone, brick, wood or various other architectural forms.
• the material constituting the elements 1, 1a, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 5a may in particular be a mineral aggregate concrete, a plant fiber concrete (hemp, flax shives, miscanthus, reed, typha, bamboo, sugar cane, rapeseed straw, wood fibers or others).
• the material can also be, of course, aerated concrete, clay concrete, pumice or slate, terracotta, raw earth.
• the material can also be made of wood, wood chipboard or wood particles.
• the first row of elements can be laid on a mortar bed, for concrete elements, or on a cleat, for wooden elements, in order to compensate for any irregularities in the support, preferably alternating the main elements 1 for the two faces of the wall to be made and the elements 5 for the posts or transverse stiffeners, thus creating a gap between these two different parts of the structure. These offsets thus allow the good maintenance of each of the elements in their initial position.
• the elements interlock with each other by their male crenellations 7 and female 6 at any location thereof, either in perfect alignment, or offset by one or more crenellations, or perpendicularly to each other.
• Figure 14 illustrates an example of different positioning possibilities which make it possible to produce thin walls, thicker walls and possible offsets in the alignment of the faces to produce a straight structure.
• eight main elements 1 are used in pairs, some facing each other (left part of FIG. 14), for others back to back (right part of FIG. 14) in forming the current wall 17.
• the elements 3 and 4 comprising respectively on their face wall a window opening on the left 16, and a window opening on the right 16, are assembled opposite one of the another perpendicular to the main elements 1, forming a reinforcing post 18.
• the aperture apertures 16 of the elements 3 and 4 are not visible in this figure but their location is schematically illustrated by the reference 16.
• Figure 15 illustrates an example of reinforcement of the example of Figure 14, for which a plurality of vertical bars 32 are located in the cavities formed by the assembly of elements 1, 3 and 4 therebetween, including in the post 18. These vertical bars 32 are held in position and according to the spacing required by horizontal reinforcements (or horizontal reinforcement) 33 which are continuous behind the wall of the current wall 17 and which pass through the apertures in window 16 of the elements 3 and 4
• two elements 5 comprising a longitudinal cut forming a step are added opposite two elements 1 of the right part of the assembly.
• the cavities formed by the assembly of the elements 1 facing each other and back-to-back, as well as the cavity of the reinforcement post 8 are filled with a filling material which drowns the vertical bars 32 and the horizontal reinforcements 33 illustrated in FIG. 15.
• the steps 13 of the elements 5 are particularly useful for producing a wall for retaining draining materials 30 behind a retaining structure, as illustrated on the right side of Figure 16, allowing the infiltration water to pass easily
• crenellations can facilitate the attachment of a finishing plaster to the viewed faces of the structure and can also contribute to the quality of the drainage behind an anti-contamination felt 31 as also illustrated in the right part of figure 16.
• a reinforcing post 18c can be produced by positioning a single insert 2 between one of the two junctions of the elements 1, 3, 4 or 5 assembled together facing each other one of the other.
• a reinforcing post 18d can be made in positioning inserts 2 between only one of the two junctions of the two elements 1, 3, 4 or 5 assembled together opposite one another.
• the elements 1 and 5 can be replaced by the elements 1a and 5a, the external face of the longitudinal facial wall of which is smooth depending on the positioning of these elements and the needs of the user. especially in terms of finishing.
• the set of elements of the invention comprising the elements 1, 1a, 3, 4, 5, 5a and at least one, preferably a plurality of inserts 2, allows for infinite geometry of planar or curved structures.
• the elements 1, 3, 4 or 5 being open on one side, unlike the shuttering blocks of the prior art, they are easily mounted around an existing structure, in particular a cage of frames, a wooden post , concrete or steel otherwise.
• the elements 1, 3, 4 or 5 constituting the post or the stiffener 18 can be cut vertically, partially or completely, to further facilitate the passage of the horizontal reinforcements 33 as well as the filling material 29 (FIG. 16). Even completely cut, the continuity of their maintenance is perfectly ensured if the shift of the first row has been respected by the alternative use of elements 1 for the facial part and 5 for the post part.
• the laying of the rows is preferably done on three heights of elements maximum with possible placement, depending on the thickness of the wall and the consistency or fluidity of the filling material 29, formwork stirrups, greenhouses - formwork or tensioners and keys or wooden spacer for building walls to be filled with loose insulating material.
• the filling height will depend on the density of the filling material (29) and its ease of spreading in the wall.
• the works can thus be composed to produce in any wall width whatsoever but consistent with the work to be produced: large retaining walls of reinforced concrete; stepped garden walls; insulating walls of buildings, made of vegetable fiber concrete or any other insulating material.
• the construction element according to the invention and the nature of the material used for its manufacture is particularly intended for the production of exterior walls of buildings, basement walls, retaining walls, earth retaining walls and embankment, planters.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Retaining Walls (AREA)
• Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
• Revetment (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=68210836

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Family Cites Families (7)

• 2018
  • 2018-12-20 FR FR1874237A patent/FR3090712B1/fr active Active
• 2019
  • 2019-12-19 EP EP19832669.6A patent/EP3899161A1/de active Pending
  • 2019-12-19 WO PCT/EP2019/086419 patent/WO2020127805A1/fr unknown

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