FR2970490A1 - Thermal insulation system for apartment building, has dry ventilation duct conveying dry air resulting from combination of outside air and humid air accumulated in double-flow heat exchange box to living rooms of building - Google Patents

Abstract

The system has an external air inlet whose pipe is formed to convey outside air coming from outside an apartment building (10) into a double-flow heat exchange box after filtering the outside air. A wet air inlet is formed to convey humid air coming from a wet part e.g. kitchen, of the building to the box after filtering the humid air. A dry ventilation duct is formed to convey dry air resulting from combination of the outside air and the humid air accumulated in the box to living rooms of the building. The system has glazed openings (58) comprising windows spaced from each other so as to form a separation area at an inner side., where the separation area includes noble gases such as argon or krypton.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the field of thermal insulation systems for buildings and, in particular, for residential buildings.

More specifically, the invention relates to a thermal insulation system specifically for a residential building with high thermal efficiency resting indirectly on land and comprising: a thermal protection slab forming a structural and thermal boundary between the ground and the building dwelling, exterior walls and a roof forming a structural and thermal boundary vis-à-vis the external environment of the residential building, glazed openings arranged in and supported by the outer walls and / or the roof, and a controlled mechanical ventilation system capable of ensuring the renewal of the air inside the residential building.

Such a thermal insulation system is well known to those skilled in the art who, increasingly, takes into account the environmental constraints in the construction of buildings and tries to limit the energy needs of households and therefore the resulting costs. Despite these efforts, the loss of heat in the breasts of recent constructions still require the use of heating means generally energy-consuming and therefore expensive both at installation and during their use.

It is known from the state of the art various solutions to limit the costs inherent in the energy needs of a residential building.

In some cases, residential buildings have, in addition to the use of traditional non-renewable energies (fossil fuels, nuclear energy, etc.), ways of using renewable energies such as solar thermal energy. , solar photovoltaic energy, wind energy, hydropower, biomass and / or geothermal energy. These solutions require investment costs in hardware and installation but can save money by reducing the need for non-renewable energy from nuclear or fossil fuel distribution networks.

In other cases, generally in addition to the previous solution, it is also known from the state of the art to limit heat losses to the outside of a dwelling in order to limit, as much as possible, the resulting energy requirements. loss of thermal energy. It is, more particularly, of this second category of solution that the invention relates.

It is thus known from the state of the art FR-A1-2 735 803 which describes the realization of self-contained insulated building blocks to simplify the construction of the outer walls of a residential building while improving their power. insulation by a clever choice of thicknesses of insulating materials.

It is also known from the state of the art the document FR-A1-2 761 387 which describes insulating roof panels consisting of a rigid block of insulating material integrating, in the longitudinal direction, two shaped stiffening cores ensuring recovery some efforts.

It is also known from the state of the art, for example from WO-A1-2006 / 125874, a glazed opening comprising triple glazing for the purpose of limiting the heat transfer between the inner zone and the outer zone of the opening glazed.

These solutions are advantageous since they improve the insulation of the outer walls, the roof and the glazed openings of the residential building respectively, thus limiting heat loss through these parts of the building. However, taken one by one, they are not very effective because they do not provide a complete obstacle to all forms of heat loss potentially suffered by the building. Thus, the self-contained building blocks can limit losses of energy due to heat loss through the outer walls of the residential building but provide only limited action with respect to all losses likely to be suffered by the residential building, especially at the level of the roof and glazed openings.

In this context, the present invention aims to provide a thermal insulation system free of at least one of the limitations mentioned above.

To this end, the thermal insulation system according to the invention, which also conforms to the generic definition given in the preamble above, is characterized by the fact that: the exterior walls incorporate self-enclosing wall insulation blocks capable of being associated with each other, formed from high-density expanded polystyrene and having in the position of use, in horizontal section and in the direction of the thickness, an outer-oriented portion having a minimum thickness of 145 millimeters, an internally oriented portion having a minimum thickness of 45 millimeters and separating members arranged between the externally oriented portion and the internally oriented portion forming a separation zone having a minimum separation thickness of 160 millimeters; the roof incorporates insulating roof panels extending in a longitudinal direction, capable of being supported by a frame, which may be associated with each other, made of high-density expanded polystyrene, having in the use position a thickness minimum of 210 millimeters, incorporating at least one stiffening core of rigid material oriented in the longitudinal direction and intended to serve as flexural reinforcement; the glass openings have an opening and a frame formed by wood joinery, a double flap seal for sealing between the opening and the frame when the glazed openings are in pivoting position in a closed state and a triple glazing having three panes of a minimum thickness of 4 millimeters, spaced from each other by a minimum separation distance of 10 millimeters; and the controlled mechanical ventilation system comprises a heat exchange box, an external air inlet duct capable of conveying the outside air coming from the outside of the residential building to the double heat exchange box. flow by passing beforehand by means of filtering the outside air, a moist air inlet duct capable of conveying the moist air from the humid rooms of the residential building to the double flow heat exchange chamber by previously passing through a filtering means of moist air, and a dry air duct capable of conveying the dry air resulting from the combination of outside air and moist air accumulated in the exchange chamber thermal double flow up to at least part of the living rooms of the residential building.

Thanks to this particular arrangement, the thermal insulation system can greatly limit the heat loss to the outside thus significantly reducing the heating requirements when it does not cancel them completely. In addition, the installation of self-standing wall insulation blocks and insulating roof panels is simple and efficient, which simultaneously reduces the time and cost of building the residential building.

In one embodiment, the self-enclosing wall insulation blocks included in the outer walls have a total thickness, in horizontal section, ranging from 350 millimeters to 395 millimeters. This ensures a particularly effective thermal boundary to prevent heat loss through the exterior walls of the building. According to a first embodiment, the self-enclosing wall insulation blocks included in the external walls have a total thickness, in horizontal section, substantially equal to 350 millimeters, which is sufficient to ensure adequate thermal insulation for climates where the temperature oscillates between about - 20 ° C and about 37 ° C without involving additional manufacturing costs. In this case, according to one embodiment, the outer-oriented portion has a thickness substantially equal to 145 millimeters, the inner-oriented portion has a thickness substantially equal to 45 millimeters, and the separation elements arranged between the portion with external orientation and the inner orientation portion forming a separation zone having a separation thickness substantially equal to 160 millimeters.

According to a second embodiment, the self-standing wall insulation blocks included in the external walls have a total thickness, in horizontal section, substantially equal to 395 millimeters, which ensures an increased and effective thermal insulation even under conditions in which the 35 outside temperatures oscillate in higher proportions than those mentioned above.

In this case, according to one embodiment, the portion with an external orientation has a thickness substantially equal to 190 millimeters, the portion with internal orientation has a thickness substantially equal to 45 millimeters and the separation elements arranged between the portion with external orientation and the an inner orientation portion forming a separation zone having a separation thickness substantially equal to 160 millimeters. In one embodiment, the self-standing wall insulation blocks and / or the insulating roof panels are formed in a high density expanded polystyrene having a heat transfer coefficient ranging from 0.16 to 0.33. According to one embodiment, the insulating roof panels have a stiffening core formed in a rigid Z-shaped material. This facilitates and simplifies the manufacture of the roof since it then becomes unnecessary to integrate other specific reinforcing elements. between the frame and the roof covering. According to one embodiment, the double-flow thermal exchange casing incorporates heating means capable of heating the accumulated outside air and moist air so as to raise the temperature of the dry air before it is conveyed into the living rooms of the building. residential. Thus, the air circulating inside the living rooms is constantly heated, which allows the internal temperature to be raised inside the dwelling building.

In one embodiment, the panes of the glazed apertures are spaced apart from one another so as to form a separation space inside which is included a noble gas, such as argon or krypton, which further improves the insulation of glazed openings. According to one embodiment, the thermal protection slab comprises, in descending order of depth, a layer of cluster buried in the ground, an expanded clay screed resting on the cluster layer and having a minimum thickness of 7 centimeters, a elastic layer for acoustic insulation based on the expanded clay screed capable of forming a vapor barrier film 25 preventing the flow and stagnation of water vapor through the thermal protection slab and a resistant concrete screed resting on the layer elastic for sound insulation and having a minimum thickness of 7 centimeters. In this way, the insulation between the ground and the residential building is greatly improved.

According to an alternative embodiment, the thermal protection slab comprises: a plurality of formwork and insulation elements made of high density expanded polystyrene, extending in a longitudinal direction and positioned side by side in the transverse direction so as to to form a floor of slabs; stiffening means; and a concrete layer supported by the formwork and insulation elements. Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge clearly from the description which is given hereinafter, by way of indication and in no way limitative, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a general overview, in perspective, of a first embodiment of a residential building according to the invention comprising a thermal protection slab forming a structural and thermal boundary between the ground and the ground. Figure 2a is a detail view, in vertical section, of the thermal protection slab belonging to the first embodiment of the residential building of Figure 1; Figure 2b is a detail view, in perspective and in oblique partial section, of an alternative embodiment of the thermal protection slab that may belong to the residential building according to the invention; FIG. 3 is a detail view, in perspective and in oblique partial section, of an outer wall belonging to the first embodiment of the residential building of FIG. 1, on which a self-installing wall insulation block incorporating casting appears. a concrete veil; Figure 4a is a detail view, in perspective, of a self-contained wall insulation block belonging to the first embodiment of the residential building of Figure 1; Figure 4b is a detail view, in plan view, of a self-contained wall insulation block belonging to the first embodiment of the residential building of Figure 1; FIG. 4c is a detail view, in side view, of a self-standing wall insulation block belonging to the first embodiment of the residential building of FIG. 1; FIG. 5 is a detail view, in perspective, of an assembly of self-contained wall insulation blocks arranged with respect to one another so as to form the framework of an external wall belonging to the first embodiment of the building. dwelling of Figure 1; FIG. 6 is a detail view, in perspective, of a roof belonging to the first embodiment of the residential building of FIG. 1 on which appears in particular a part of the frame, several insulating roof panels, as well as hedging elements; Figure 7a is a detail, partial and perspective view of an insulating roof panel belonging to the roof of the first embodiment of the residential building of Figure 1; FIG. 7b is a detail view, in perspective and in oblique partial section, of an insulating roof panel resting on the frame constituting the roof of the first embodiment of the residential building of FIG. 1; Figure 8 is a detail view, in perspective and in partial section, of a glazed opening with triple glazing and belonging to the first embodiment of the residential building of Figure 1; Figure 9 is a partial detail view in transerval section of the glazed opening shown in Figure 8; FIG. 10 is a general overview, in perspective and presenting a horizontal sectional plane, of a second embodiment of the residential building according to the invention on which is notably represented a controlled mechanical ventilation system allowing to ensure the renewal of the air inside the residential building.

A first embodiment of the invention is now described with reference to Figure 1, in particular, which illustrates a residential building 10 comprising a thermal insulation system according to the invention. In the present case, this first embodiment relates to a thermal insulation system especially for a residential building 10 corresponding to a house comprising a ground floor and a first floor. However, the thermal insulation system according to the invention can of course be used with any other type of residential building 10 regardless of its size, shape, structure or location.

Moreover, the term residential building 10 must be understood in its widest sense and covers not only buildings that could serve as a home for one or more occupants, but also buildings intended to serve as professional premises for tertiary sector activities, for example. Conversely, this term of residential building 10 does not extend to warehouses, industrial sheds, covered work sites or the like used in industry.

The residential building 10 of Figure 1 is based indirectly on a terrain 12 via a horizontal thermal protection tile 14 buried in the ground 12, with or without crawl space. The residential building 10 thus rests directly or indirectly on the thermal protection slab 14 which, as a result, forms a structural and thermal boundary arranged between the residential building 10 and the ground 12.

This thermal protection slab 14 prevents, in particular, cold air and moisture from the ground 12 from spreading inside the residential building 10 via the ground.

According to the first embodiment shown in greater detail in FIG. 2a, the thermal protection slab 14 is composed, in descending order of depth, of a layer 16 buried in the ground 12, of a screed expanded clay 18 resting on the cluster layer 16 and having a minimum thickness of 7 centimeters to improve the insulation quality of the thermal insulation slab 14, an elastic layer for sound insulation 20 having the function of forming a vapor barrier film preventing the flow and stagnation of the water vapor through the thermal protection slab 14. The thermal protection slab 14 has, in addition, a resilient concrete slab 22 resting on the elastic layer for acoustic insulation 20 and having a minimum thickness of 7 centimeters.

It should be noted that the previously mentioned thickness values are given by way of example and in no way limitative and could of course be modified without annihilating the insulation formed between the ground 12 and the residential building 10.

Furthermore, it should also be emphasized that the thermal protection slab 14 could be made 40 differently, without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, according to another embodiment shown in FIG. 2a, the protection slab thermal 14 is formed over a crawl space 141.

This thermal protection slab 14 is formed from formwork and insulation elements 144, forming slabs, made of high density expanded polystyrene and extending in a longitudinal direction over a length of up to 8 meters.

More particularly, during the production of the thermal protection slab 14, the shuttering and insulating elements 144 are supported, on the one hand, by the formwork of the external walls (described later) and, on the other hand, by struts 142 via bastings 143 on which they rest.

The shuttering and insulating elements 144 incorporate, within the high-density expanded polystyrene material, two stiffening cores 144a, made of rigid material and oriented in the longitudinal direction so as to serve as bending reinforcement. By way of example, these stiffening cores 144a may be formed of sheets of steel, iron, aluminum, plastic or any other material with a high bending strength.

As shown in FIG. 2b, the stiffening cores 144 a are "z" -shaped, which makes it possible to guarantee sufficient contact between the stiffening core 144 a and the expanded polystyrene so as to promote a resistance to bending.

The formwork and insulation members 144 also include longitudinal conduits 144b extending in the longitudinal direction within the high density expanded polystyrene material. These longitudinal conduits 144b are able to receive electrical cables or other ducts to pass them through the thermal protection slab 14 from one place to another of the residential building 10.

The formwork and insulation elements 144 are arranged next to each other in the transverse direction and, where appropriate, in the longitudinal direction so as to constitute a floor of slabs on the entire surface of the thermal protection slab 14 .

Each shuttering and insulation element 144 is separated from the next in the transverse direction by longitudinal steel beams 145 making it possible to reinforce the structure of the thermal protection slab 14 between the shuttering and insulating elements 144 .

If desired, riser modules 145 also formed of polystyrene are attached to the top of each shuttering and insulating element 144 to achieve the desired thickness.

After having placed on the shuttering and insulating elements 144, shims 146, a welded mesh 147 and reinforcement caps 148, a concrete layer 149 may be poured over the entire floor and formed by the shuttering elements. and insulation 144 so as to form the thermal protection slab 14.

The first embodiment of the thermal insulation system according to the invention also comprises external walls 26 forming a structural and thermal boundary between the external environment and the interior of the residential building 10.

Specifically, as shown in Figure 3, the outer walls 26 of the invention incorporate self-contained wall insulation blocks 28, such as those described and shown in FR-A1-2 735 803 incorporated by reference. These self-enclosing wall insulation blocks 28 are capable of being associated with each other, in order to form internal and external vertical walls 30a, 30b separated by a reinforcement structure 32 generating a spacer within which can be introduced a concrete veil 34.

Each self-standing wall insulation block 28 has an outwardly oriented portion 36 disposed outwardly of the residential building 10 and having an exterior skin 37 and an inwardly oriented portion 38 disposed therein residential building 10 and on which can be applied a lining (not shown). The outer and inner 36 and outer 38 portions are separated from each other by means of the frame structure 32 formed of a plurality of separating members 40 delimiting a dividing area 42 within which may be poured the concrete veil 34.

The reinforcement structure 32 forms a metal profile ladder in which each separating element 40 is formed by a steel wire 44 inserted into the inner and outer 36-shaped portions in the form of irons. flat (not shown) extending perpendicular to the separating elements 40.

Such an arrangement makes it possible to obtain a rigid structure capable of receiving, in the separation zone 42, a concrete web 34, avoiding any risk of deformation of the portions with an external 36 and an inner 38 orientation under the effect of the pressure of the latter during filling. Such an arrangement also makes it possible to obtain external walls 26 forming a thermal barrier partially insulating the interior of the residential building 10. To improve this insulating power, the self-standing wall insulation blocks 28 according to the invention are made of high-density expanded polystyrene and the outer 36 and inner 38-oriented portions have respectively, in horizontal section and in the direction of the thickness, minimum dimensions of 145 millimeters and 45 millimeters. On the other hand, the separation zone 42 has, in horizontal section and in the direction of the thickness, a minimum dimension of 160 millimeters. According to the first embodiment of FIG. 1, the wall insulation blocks The self-extinguishing materials 28 included in the outer walls 26 have a total thickness, in horizontal section, substantially equal to 350 millimeters, a length of 1700 millimeters and a height of 600 millimeters.

More particularly, the portion with an external orientation 36 has a thickness substantially equal to 145 millimeters, the portion with internal orientation 38 has a thickness substantially equal to 45 millimeters and the separation elements 40 arranged between the portion with an external orientation 36 and the portion with Inner orientation 38 and forming the separation zone 42 have a separation thickness substantially equal to 160 millimeters.

It should be noted that, in order to obtain even more efficient insulation without incurring unnecessary additional costs, the self-standing wall insulation blocks 28 may have a total thickness, in horizontal section, of up to 395 millimeters.

Therefore, according to another embodiment of the thermal insulation system according to the invention, the self-enclosing wall insulation blocks 28 included in the outer walls 26 may also have a total thickness, in horizontal section, substantially equal to 395 millimeters .

According to this embodiment, the outer-oriented portion 36 has a thickness substantially equal to 190 millimeters, the inner-oriented portion 38 has a thickness substantially equal to 45 millimeters and the separation elements 40 arranged between the outer-oriented portion 36 and the portion inward orientation 38 form a separation zone 42 having a separation thickness substantially equal to 160 millimeters.

Of course, other embodiments may also be made while maintaining self-contained wall insulation blocks 28 having a total thickness substantially between 350 and 395 millimeters. Furthermore, it is advantageous that the self-standing wall insulation blocks 28 are made of a material having insulation qualities. In this respect, the self-standing wall insulation blocks 28 according to the invention are made of a high-density expanded polystyrene having a thermal transmission coefficient ranging from 0.16 to 0.33. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the self-standing wall insulation blocks 28 comprise complementary coupling means 45 enabling them to be coupled to one another. In particular, the self-standing wall insulation blocks 28 have male and female lateral coupling means 45a making it possible to align the self-standing wall insulation blocks 28 to the horizontal one horizontally. The self-standing wall insulation blocks 28 furthermore have male and female vertical coupling means 45b enabling them to be stacked vertically one over the other over the entire height of the outer walls 26 of the residential building. first embodiment of the thermal insulation system according to the invention also comprises a roof 46 forming a structural and thermal boundary vis-à-vis the external environment of the residential building 10.

The roof 46 comprises a frame 48, made of wood or similar materials, for example consisting of a central failure 48a, intermediate failures 48b and lower failures 48c.

According to the invention, this frame 48 supports a plurality of insulating roof panels 50 such as those described in document FR-A1-2 761 387, incorporated by reference. These insulating roof panels 50 extend in a longitudinal direction from the central failure 48a to the lower failure 48c. They are fixed on these faults 48a, 48b, 48c by means of appropriate fastening means 54, in particular by screws as in the example shown in FIG. 5 or by nailing or else by any other similar method known from FIG. skilled person.

The insulating roof panels 50 have, in use position, a minimum thickness of 210 millimeters. According to the embodiment of Figure 1, the latter further has a width of 510 millimeters for a length in the longitudinal direction of 15 meters. The insulating roof panels 50 are capable of being associated with each other in a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction by means of complementary association means 51 formed on the lateral faces of the insulating roof panels 50.

On the other hand, the insulating roof panels 50 are made of high density expanded polystyrene - preferably having a heat transfer coefficient ranging from 0.16 to 0.33 - so as to favor the insulation of the roof. 46 and prevent fresh air and moisture from entering the residential building 10 by this route.

Each insulating roof panel 50 incorporates, inside the high-density expanded polystyrene material, at least one stiffening core 52, in this case two stiffening cores 52, made of rigid material. These stiffening cores 52 are oriented in the longitudinal direction so as to serve as bending reinforcement.

According to a number of embodiments, the stiffening cores 52 may be formed from sheets of steel, iron, aluminum, plastic or any other material with high bending strength.

According to the embodiment of FIGS. 7a and 7b, the stiffening cores 52 are profiled in the form of a "z", which makes it possible, in the first place, to guarantee a sufficient contact between the stiffening core 52 and the expanded polystyrene 40 so as to favoring resistance to bending and, secondly, using the parallel wings of the "z" to cooperate with the fixing means 54. The insulating roof panels 50 make it possible to support cover elements 56, such as slates, tiles or the like forming the top surface of the roof 46. In this regard, the insulating roof panels 50 may include fixing flanges (not shown) to facilitate the placement, fixing and maintenance of the elements. 56 on insulating roof panels 50.

By using the high density expanded polystyrene insulating roof panels 50 positioned between the cover members 56 and the purlins 48a, 48b, 48c of the frame 48, the insulation of the roof 46 is greatly improved. The thermal insulation system according to the invention also comprises glazed openings 58 arranged in and supported by the outer walls 26 and possibly the roof 46 of the residential building 10. These glazed openings 58, more particularly shown in FIGS. 9, show an opening 60 and a frame 62 formed by wooden joinery and a double flap seal 64 for sealing between the opening 60 and the frame 62 when the glazed openings 58 are in the pivoted position in a closed state. According to the invention, the glazed openings 58 also have a triple glazing 66 with three panes 68 - namely an outer pane 68a, an intermediate pane 68b and an inner pane 68c - supported by the opening 60 via metal rims 70 These metal edges 70 are, according to the first embodiment, held in position via a stuffing preform 72, but other similar arrangements known to those skilled in the art would also be possible.

It should be noted that, according to the invention, the panes 68 have a thickness of 4 millimeters and are spaced from each other so as to form a separation space 74 of 10 millimeters 30 in vertical projection. These values could also be increased to obtain an increased insulating power.

According to the invention, the two separation spaces 74 separating, on the one hand, the outer pane 68a of the intermediate pane 68b and, on the other hand, the intermediate pane 68b of the inner pane 68c, comprise a noble gas 76 , such as argon or krypton.

In this way, the losses due to conduction or convection within the separation spaces 74 are limited.

The first embodiment of the thermal insulation system according to the invention also comprises a controlled mechanical ventilation system 78 adapted to ensure the renewal of the air inside the residential building. This controlled mechanical ventilation system 78 comprises a double flow heat exchange box 80 such as the "Cocoon 2" model, marketed by France Air.

The double flow heat exchange box 80 is connected to an external air intake duct 82 able to convey the outside air coming from the outside of the residential building 10 to the double flow heat exchange box. 80 by passing through a means of filtering the outside air (not shown).

The controlled mechanical ventilation system 78 also comprises a wet air inlet duct 86 capable of conveying the moist air from the damp rooms 88 of the residential building 10 to the double flow heat exchange box 80. previously passing through a filtering means of moist air (not shown).

It must be understood by the terms "wet rooms" 88, all the rooms of the residential building 10 in which water is made available to the inhabitants, including the kitchen. The wet rooms therefore include, as a non-limiting example, the kitchen, the bathroom, the shower room, the toilets, etc.

The controlled mechanical ventilation system 78 furthermore comprises a dry air duct 92 capable of conveying the dry air resulting from the combination of the outside air and the moist air accumulated in the double heat exchange box. flow 80 to at least a portion of the living rooms of the residential building 10.

According to one embodiment, the dual flow thermal exchange casing 80 incorporates heating means 94 able to heat the outside air and the humid air accumulated so as to raise the temperature of the dry air before it is conveyed into the living rooms of the residential building 10.

By way of nonlimiting example, the heating means 94 are formed by a geothermal heating plant at shallow depth (as shown in Figure 10) or by any other heating means known to those skilled in the art.

The controlled mechanical ventilation system 78 thus has several advantages. On the one hand, it ensures the circulation and the renewal of the air inside the residential building 12 and, on the other hand, it allows to heat permanently the air circulating inside the rooms of living of the residential building 10 and thus raising the internal temperature inside the residential building.

Claims (12)

REVENDICATIONS1. Thermal insulation system specially designed for a high-efficiency residential building (10) lying indirectly on a ground (12), comprising: a thermal protection slab (14) forming a structural and thermal boundary between the ground (12) ) and the dwelling building (10); outer walls (26) and a roof (46) forming a structural and thermal boundary with respect to the exterior environment of the residential building (10); glazed openings (58) arranged in and supported by the outer walls (26) and / or the roof (46); a controlled mechanical ventilation system adapted to ensure the renewal of the air inside the residential building (10); characterized in that: the outer walls (26) incorporate self-assembling wall insulation blocks (28) capable of being associated with each other, formed of high-density expanded polystyrene and having in the use position, in horizontal section and in the direction of the thickness, an externally oriented portion (36) having a minimum thickness of 145 millimeters, an internally oriented portion (38) having a minimum thickness of 45 millimeters, and separating members (40) arranged between the outer-oriented portion (36) and the inner-oriented portion (38) forming a separation zone (42) having a minimum separation thickness of 160 millimeters; the roof (46) incorporates insulating roof panels (50) extending in a longitudinal direction, capable of being supported by a frame (48), which can be associated with each other, made of high-density expanded polystyrene , having in the use position a minimum thickness of 210 millimeters, incorporating at least one stiffening core (52) of rigid material oriented in the longitudinal direction and intended to serve as bending reinforcement; the glass openings (58) have an opening (60) and a frame (62) formed by wooden joinery, a double flap seal (64) for sealing between the opening (60) and the frame ( 62) when the glazed apertures (58) are in a pivoted position in a closed position and a triple glazing unit (66) having three panes (68) at least 4 millimeters in thickness spaced apart from each other by a distance minimum separation of 10 millimeters; and the controlled mechanical ventilation system (78) comprises a double flow thermal exchange box (80), an external air inlet duct (82) able to convey the outside air coming from outside the building of the building. housing (10) to the dual flow heat exchange box (80) by passing beforehand by means of filtering the outside air, a moist air intake duct (86) able to convey the air wet from the wet rooms (88) of the residential building (10) to the double flow heat exchange box (80) by previously passing through a moist air filtering means, and a dry air duct (92) adapted to convey the dry air resulting from the combination of the outside air and moist air accumulated in the double-flow heat exchange box (80) to at least a portion of the living rooms of the residential building (10). The thermal insulation system of claim 1, wherein the self-standing wall insulation blocks (28) included in the outer walls (26) have a total thickness, in horizontal section, ranging from 350 millimeters to 395 millimeters. 3. Thermal insulation system according to claim 2, wherein the self-standing wall insulation blocks (28) included in the outer walls (26) have a total thickness, in horizontal section, substantially equal to 350 millimeters. 4. Thermal insulation system according to claim 3, wherein the outer-oriented portion (36) has a thickness substantially equal to 145 millimeters, the inner-oriented portion (38) has a thickness substantially equal to 45 millimeters and the elements separation member (40) arranged between the externally oriented portion (36) and the inner orientation portion (38) forming a separation zone (42) having a separation thickness substantially equal to 160 millimeters. 5. Thermal insulation system according to claim 2, wherein the self-standing wall insulation blocks (28) included in the outer walls (26) have a total thickness, in horizontal section, substantially equal to 395 millimeters. 6. Thermal insulation system according to claim 5, wherein the portion with an outer orientation (36) has a thickness substantially equal to 190 millimeters, the inner-oriented portion (38) has a thickness substantially equal to 45 millimeters and the elements separation member (40) arranged between the externally oriented portion (36) and the inner orientation portion (38) forming a separation zone (42) having a separation thickness substantially equal to 160 millimeters. The thermal insulation system of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the self-standing wall insulation blocks (28) and / or the insulating roof panels (50) are formed of high density expanded polystyrene. having a heat transfer coefficient ranging from 0.16 to 0.33. 8. Thermal insulation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the insulating roof panels (50) have a stiffening core (52) formed in a rigid Z-shaped material. 9. thermal insulation system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the dual flow heat exchange box (80) incorporates heating means (94) able to heat the outside air and moist air accumulated so as to raise the dry air temperature before transporting it into the living rooms of the residential building (10). Thermal insulation system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the panes of the glazed apertures (58) are spaced apart from each other so as to form a separation space (74) within which is included a noble gas (76), such as argon or krypton. 11. Thermal insulation system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the thermal protection slab (14) comprises, in descending order of depth, a layer of cluster (16) buried in the ground ( 12), an expanded clay screed (18) resting on the cluster layer (16) and having a thickness of at least 7 centimeters, an elastic layer for acoustic insulation (20) resting on the expanded clay screed (18) adapted to forming a vapor barrier film preventing flow and stagnation of water vapor through the thermal protection slab (14) and a resilient concrete screed (22) resting on the soundproofing elastic layer (20) and exhibiting a minimum thickness of 7 centimeters. The thermal insulation system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the thermal protection slab (14) comprises: a plurality of shuttering and insulation elements (144) made of high-grade expanded polystyrene density, extending in a longitudinal direction and positioned side by side in the transverse direction so as to form a floor of slabs; stiffening means and a concrete layer (149) supported by the formwork and insulation members (144).