FR2633946A1 - Procede d'elimination de la couche d'oxyde et de la calamine de metaux et d'alliages metalliques, en particulier d'aciers allies, d'aciers fortement allies et d'aciers au carbone, dans un bain de decapage contenant des ions fer iii comme substance active - Google Patents
Procede d'elimination de la couche d'oxyde et de la calamine de metaux et d'alliages metalliques, en particulier d'aciers allies, d'aciers fortement allies et d'aciers au carbone, dans un bain de decapage contenant des ions fer iii comme substance active Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2633946A1 FR2633946A1 FR8809226A FR8809226A FR2633946A1 FR 2633946 A1 FR2633946 A1 FR 2633946A1 FR 8809226 A FR8809226 A FR 8809226A FR 8809226 A FR8809226 A FR 8809226A FR 2633946 A1 FR2633946 A1 FR 2633946A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- pickling
- steels
- iron
- alloy steels
- metals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 title description 74
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 21
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 20
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 10
- -1 ALLOY STEELS Chemical class 0.000 title description 8
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 7
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 229940105847 calamine Drugs 0.000 title description 4
- 229910052864 hemimorphite Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 4
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 title description 4
- CPYIZQLXMGRKSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Zn+2] CPYIZQLXMGRKSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurochloridic acid Chemical compound OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021110 pickles Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)methyl]piperazine Chemical compound C1=CC(SC)=CC=C1CN1CCNCC1 QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015400 FeC13 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen atom Chemical compound [H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015241 bacon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical class [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- YTURPPSYNKKPBU-UHFFFAOYSA-K sulfuric acid trichloroiron Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl.OS(O)(=O)=O YTURPPSYNKKPBU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/08—Iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/10—Other heavy metals
- C23G1/103—Other heavy metals copper or alloys of copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/12—Light metals
- C23G1/125—Light metals aluminium
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| HU87135A HUT53398A (en) | 1987-01-19 | 1987-01-19 | Process for descaling and deoxidating metals and metal alloys, particularly alloyed steels, high-alloyed steels and carbon steels, in pickling bath containing iron(iii)ion active ingredient |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2633946A1 true FR2633946A1 (fr) | 1990-01-12 |
Family
ID=10948099
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8809226A Pending FR2633946A1 (fr) | 1987-01-19 | 1988-07-07 | Procede d'elimination de la couche d'oxyde et de la calamine de metaux et d'alliages metalliques, en particulier d'aciers allies, d'aciers fortement allies et d'aciers au carbone, dans un bain de decapage contenant des ions fer iii comme substance active |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1039850A (cs) |
| CS (1) | CS271345B2 (cs) |
| DD (1) | DD267265A5 (cs) |
| DE (1) | DE3801018A1 (cs) |
| FR (1) | FR2633946A1 (cs) |
| HU (1) | HUT53398A (cs) |
| NO (1) | NO882844L (cs) |
| PL (1) | PL270198A1 (cs) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HUT53398A (en) * | 1987-01-19 | 1990-10-28 | Borsodi Vegyi Komb | Process for descaling and deoxidating metals and metal alloys, particularly alloyed steels, high-alloyed steels and carbon steels, in pickling bath containing iron(iii)ion active ingredient |
| EP0346510A1 (de) * | 1988-06-15 | 1989-12-20 | Chema Chemiemaschinen Gmbh | Beizen von Halbzeugen |
| AT406486B (de) * | 1998-12-22 | 2000-05-25 | Andritz Patentverwaltung | Verfahren zum beizen von edelstahl |
| CN102660747A (zh) * | 2012-04-13 | 2012-09-12 | 中国文化遗产研究院 | 用于银器与鎏金银器保护的硫脲类复配除锈剂和除锈膏 |
| CN103498164A (zh) * | 2013-09-04 | 2014-01-08 | 大连理工大学 | 一种热轧钢板氧化层的环保清洗液及清洗方法 |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS545829A (en) * | 1977-06-15 | 1979-01-17 | Nishiyama Sutenresu Kemikaru K | Acid cleaning agent for marageing steel |
| DE2736255A1 (de) * | 1977-08-11 | 1979-03-01 | Beugin Procedes Sa | Verfahren zum beizen von staehlen |
| JPS5538958A (en) * | 1978-09-13 | 1980-03-18 | Asahi Denka Kogyo Kk | New pickling agent |
| JPS5550468A (en) * | 1978-10-11 | 1980-04-12 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Pickling method for cr base stainless steel |
| JPS5735686A (en) * | 1980-08-07 | 1982-02-26 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Method for pickling of austenite stainless steel plate |
| DE3801018A1 (de) * | 1987-01-19 | 1988-07-28 | Borsodi Vegyi Komb | Verfahren zum entfernen von zunder und oxyden von metallen, metallegierungen, insbesondere legierten staehlen, hochlegierten staehlen und kohlestaehlen mittels eines eisen(iii)-ionen enthaltenden beizbades |
-
1987
- 1987-01-19 HU HU87135A patent/HUT53398A/hu unknown
-
1988
- 1988-01-15 CS CS88287A patent/CS271345B2/cs unknown
- 1988-01-15 DE DE3801018A patent/DE3801018A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1988-01-18 PL PL27019888A patent/PL270198A1/xx unknown
- 1988-01-18 DD DD88312282A patent/DD267265A5/de unknown
- 1988-06-27 NO NO88882844A patent/NO882844L/no unknown
- 1988-07-07 FR FR8809226A patent/FR2633946A1/fr active Pending
- 1988-07-22 CN CN88104461A patent/CN1039850A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS545829A (en) * | 1977-06-15 | 1979-01-17 | Nishiyama Sutenresu Kemikaru K | Acid cleaning agent for marageing steel |
| DE2736255A1 (de) * | 1977-08-11 | 1979-03-01 | Beugin Procedes Sa | Verfahren zum beizen von staehlen |
| JPS5538958A (en) * | 1978-09-13 | 1980-03-18 | Asahi Denka Kogyo Kk | New pickling agent |
| JPS5550468A (en) * | 1978-10-11 | 1980-04-12 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Pickling method for cr base stainless steel |
| JPS5735686A (en) * | 1980-08-07 | 1982-02-26 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Method for pickling of austenite stainless steel plate |
| DE3801018A1 (de) * | 1987-01-19 | 1988-07-28 | Borsodi Vegyi Komb | Verfahren zum entfernen von zunder und oxyden von metallen, metallegierungen, insbesondere legierten staehlen, hochlegierten staehlen und kohlestaehlen mittels eines eisen(iii)-ionen enthaltenden beizbades |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 90, no. 22, 28 mai 1979, page 261, résumé no. 172647r, Columbus, Ohio, US; & JP-A-54 005 829 (NISHIYAMA STAINLESS MASAYOSHI) 17-01-1979 * |
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 93, no. 22, 1 décembre 1980, page 253, résumé no. 208530a, Columbus, Ohio, US; & JP-A-55 038 958 (ASAHI DENKA K.K.) 18-03-1980 * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 4, no. 85 (C-15)[567], 18 juin 1989; & JP-A-55 050 468 (KAWASAK SEITETSU K.K.) 12-04-1989 * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 6, no. 106 (C-108)[984], 16 juin 1982; & JP-A-57 035 686 (KAWASAKI SEITETSU) 26-02-1982 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DD267265A5 (de) | 1989-04-26 |
| CS271345B2 (en) | 1990-09-12 |
| NO882844L (no) | 1990-01-22 |
| DE3801018A1 (de) | 1988-07-28 |
| CS28788A2 (en) | 1989-12-13 |
| NO882844D0 (no) | 1988-06-27 |
| PL270198A1 (en) | 1988-12-08 |
| HUT53398A (en) | 1990-10-28 |
| CN1039850A (zh) | 1990-02-21 |
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