FR2580701A1 - Method for constructing prefabricated panels, panels constructed according to the method and buildings erected as least partially with such panels - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for constructing a prefabricated panel intended for the building industry. The panel is of the type comprising, on at least a portion of its peripheral edge, a section 300 comprising a longitudinal groove 301 open towards the outside of the panel. According to the invention, cuts 305, 305' are made, corresponding to the corners of the frame of the panel, while making sure that the material of the small flanges 302 of the section is not cut, the said section is then bent in the region of the intersection 306 of the cuts 305, 305' in order to form the frame of the panel, the two ends of the section which, after the abovementioned frame-forming phase, come to face each other are then fixed together. Application to the building industry.

Description

 The present invention relates to a method of building a prefabricated panel for the building industry and a panel constructed according to the method. The present invention also relates to a building constructed at least partially by means of such panels.

 The present invention is co-pending on the one hand, with French patent application No 8506149 (CAS 1) targeting a method of mounting prefabricated elements intended in particular for the building industry, and also targeting prefabricated elements allowing the implementation of the process and buildings erected according to the process and, on the other hand, with French patent application NO 8506148 (CAS 3) targeting a profile, in particular edge profile for prefabricated panel, also targeting a prefabricated panel comprising, on at least a portion of its peripheral edge such a profile and a building constructed at least partially by means of such panels.

 The prefabricated panels concerned by the present invention are of the type comprising, on a portion of their peripheral edge, a profile comprising at least one groove open on the outside of the panel.

 These panels, which are most often prefabricated in concrete, the profile being made of steel, are well known to those skilled in the art, in particular by French patent NO 1,320,777.

 In general, these panels have a rectangular shape and have four sides formed by a profile having an appropriate straight cross section, most often in omega, having at their ends a bevel cut at 450 allowing adjustment and welding. four sides, two by two at right angles.

 Most often, taking into account the loads that these panels are brought to bear, a stiffening frame is provided and fixed inside the frame. Depending on the case, this stiffening reinforcement is constituted by a trellis in sections of metal cable or by rods. In the case of a mesh, the frame is welded to the profiles forming the edges of the frame. In the case of stiffening rods, these are screwed onto appropriate threads of the frame.

 A building material, such as concrete, is then suitably poured into the frame to thereby form a prefabricated panel suitable for housing construction.

 This construction method is generally satisfactory in that it makes it possible to obtain prefabricated panels having few manufacturing defects.

 I1 has however some drawbacks resulting in a cost price that is significantly too high and, sometimes, in poor workmanship making certain panels unfit for use.

 These drawbacks result from the fact that the four edges of the frame are welded two by two, this operation being long, expensive and relatively difficult in the case of standardized prefabricated panels whose rib requirements are of the order of a few millimeters for panels a few meters in length and / or height.

 It is in fact conceivable that it is particularly difficult, and consequently long and costly, to maintain two by two of the profiles at right angles and to carry out the welding of the junction of the latter even if, moreover, the ends of these profiles are bevelled. so that it is easier to maintain the profiles in the correct position. In fact, during the welding operation, it is possible that the two sections will rip relative to each other, which results in a defect.

The present invention overcomes this drawback and proposes for this purpose a method of building a prefabricated panel, each panel comprising on at least a portion of its peripheral edge a profile called "edge profile" comprising at least one longitudinal groove and at least a fin perpendicular to the plane of the panel and delimiting the external peripheral surface of said edge of the panel, method comprising at least one phase of forming an outer frame characterized in that, in said phase of forming the outer frame, to form said portion of the peripheral edge
- a construction profile is chosen comprising at least one longitudinal groove and a fin identical to those of the desired edge profile,
a length of this structural section is cut equal to that of the developed part of said peripheral edge portion,
the location of a predetermined angle of said outer frame is determined at at least one point along the length of the fin of the profile,
- Two oblique transverse sections of the groove converging at a point perpendicular to each corner location converge at a point located substantially above the fin at said corner location and the cutting planes forming an angle equal to said predetermined angle, so that said fin is not cut and thus ensures continuity of material over the entire developed length of said portion of the peripheral edge,
- Then fold the profile fin at each corner location so that the frame takes its final shape.

 Thanks to these provisions, the welding operations at the corners of the frame are replaced by bends making it possible to form the frame. It appears clearly that these folding operations are much simpler to execute than the abovementioned welding operations and notably more reliable, which makes it possible to lower the rate of defects and therefore the cost price of a frame.

 Another advantage lies in the fact that, for a rectangular frame, material continuity over the entire perimeter, except at the single junction point. The general rigidity is reinforced. It should be noted in this regard that there is always a risk of weld rupture when this risk is practically zero with regard to "continuity" of material.

 According to another characteristic of the method according to the invention applied to the construction of a rectangular panel, in a posterior phase of closing the frame, a junction piece is fixed on the junction of the two ends of the construction profile which come opposite l 'from each other' at the end of said executive training phase.

 According to another characteristic, and preferred embodiment of the method according to the present invention, the junction piece is screwed onto each of said ends of the construction profile.

 Thanks to these provisions, after having formed the frame, in particular by folding, the latter is closed and stiffened by simple fixing, screwing in the preferred embodiment, of a junction piece. At this level also a welding operation is avoided.

 According to another characteristic of the process, a construction profile is used, a cross section of which has a shape substantially in omega.

 The construction method according to the present invention is particularly applicable, being a construction profile widely used in the prior art and having proven itself.

 However, a drawback of the omega profile lies in the fact that, when it is necessary to fix, by welding, a stiffening reinforcement in lattice in the frame, it is necessary to twist each strand of the lattice to alternate consecutive welding points on the part and on the other side of the omega part of the profile to avoid buckling of the frame which would cause a welding of all the strands on one side. This strand deformation operation is particularly expensive. In addition, all the welding points are long and costly to perform.

 One aspect of the present invention overcomes this drawback since, according to another characteristic of the construction method, a construction profile is used comprising, in addition to said longitudinal groove, called "mounting", at least one longitudinal groove, called " holding "opening in a direction substantially opposite to the opening direction of the mounting groove and adapted to cooperate with the frame to hold the latter.

 The use of such a profile avoids having to weld the stiffening armature on the frame since the profile allows, thanks to its longitudinal holding groove, to maintain the armature inside the frame.

 According to another characteristic of this variant embodiment of the invention, the method is characterized in that, the reinforcement comprising a trellis made up of rigid sections of metal cable, said retaining groove has a width substantially equal to the thickness of said cable .

 Thanks to this arrangement, it is possible to maintain, by simple embedding, the stiffening reinforcement inside the retaining grooves of each of the edges of the frame.

 According to another characteristic of the process, the profile has two retaining grooves. Thanks to this arrangement, it is possible and easy to construct frames comprising two superimposed supporting frames, thereby increasing the rigidity and the resistance to the force of the partition thus prefabricated.

 According to another characteristic of the process, the frame is embedded in the holding groove or grooves before said phase of closing the cadra.

 This characteristic of the construction method combines with the previous ones so that this preferred variant of the panel construction method according to the present invention has the overall advantage of being simple, quick and easy to execute.

 The present invention also relates to a prefabricated panel of building material characterized in that it is partially constructed according to the method as succinctly described above.

Thanks to the method according to the present invention, the cost price of the prefabricated panels decreases very significantly compared to that of the panels of the prior art, all other things being equal.

 The present invention also relates to a building characterized in that it is constructed at least partially by means of panels such as that set out succinctly above.

 Obviously the low cost price of the panels has repercussions on that of the buildings constructed with such panels.

The characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the description which follows, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which
FIG. 1 represents, schematically and in perspective, a building constructed according to the method and with prefabricated elements according to the invention,
FIG. 2 schematically and partially represents a prefabricated panel mounted on a sill,
FIG. 3 schematically represents a metal frame for a prefabricated panel comprising a stiffening frame,
FIG. 4 also shows a perspective view of a prefabricated panel frame comprising a stiffening frame and connecting rods,
FIG. 4 shows in cross section the edge to edge anointing of two mounting edges of two prefabricated panels and mounted according to the method of the invention,
FIGS. 6 and 7 show in perspective two embodiments of guide parts,
FIG. 8 is a perspective view corresponding to that of FIG. 5, the profiles of the mounting edges with the guide fitting and the connecting rods being alone represented,
FIG. 9 is a view corresponding to FIGS. 6 and 7 and illustrates a guide piece provided with two seals,
FIG. 10 corresponds to FIG. 2 and illustrates in perspective a device for fixing the prefabricated panels to the ground,
FIG. 11 is a view according to arrow 11 in FIG. 10,
FIG. 12 is a perspective view illustrating the sill used in the device of FIGS. 10 and 11,
FIG. 13 illustrates diagrammatically the mounting of a sand pit on a panel,
FIG. 14 shows in perspective the structure of this sand pit,
FIG. 15, similar to FIG. 8, illustrates in perspective the mounting of a hook for a sand plate on a connecting spacer,
- Figure 16 shows the mounting of a double wall plate,
FIG. 17 illustrates in perspective the partial structure of a corner panel,
FIG. 18 is an axial section of a connecting spacer used in the corner panel of FIG. 17,
FIGS. 19 and 20 partially represent two embodiments of the corner panel structure,
FIG. 21 is a view similar to FIG. 17 illustrating an alternative embodiment,
FIG. 22 illustrates in section the mounting at right angles to a standard panel on a corner panel,
FIG. 23 corresponds to FIG. 22 and illustrates an alternative embodiment,
FIG. 24 partially illustrates an alternative embodiment making it possible to produce T-joints between three panels,
FIGS. 25 and 26 illustrate in perspective and in section a method of fixing the corner panels to the ground,
FIGS. 27 and 28 are schematic cross-section views illustrating two embodiments of a preferred profile for prefabricated panels,
FIG. 29 is a perspective view corresponding to FIG. 27,
FIG. 30 is a view corresponding to FIG. 5 and illustrating the mounting edge to edge of two panels according to the present invention, these panels using the profile of FIGS. 27 and 29,
FIG. 31 shows in perspective a construction profile intended for the construction of prefabricated panels,
FIG. 32 shows in perspective the profile of FIG. 31 after a cutting operation according to the method of the invention,
FIG. 33 corresponds in top view, to FIG. 32,
FIG. 34 shows the profile of FIGS. 32 and 33 after a folding operation in accordance with the invention,
FIG. 35 corresponds in elevation to FIGS. 32 and 33,
FIG. 36 illustrates in perspective a frame formed and closed according to the method of the invention,
FIG. 37 partially illustrates in perspective an alternative embodiment of a frame for a panel according to the invention,
FIG. 38 illustrates in elevation a panel comprising the variant embodiment of FIG. 37,
FIG. 39 illustrates, in transverse view, the implementation of the alternative embodiment of FIGS. 37 and 38,
FIG. 40 is a variant of FIG. 39,
FIG. 41 is a variant of the embodiment of FIGS. 27, 28,
FIG. 42 is an example of use of the profile of FIG. 41,
FIG. 43 illustrates a variant use of the mounting method according to the invention, and
- Figure 44 illustrates a top view of a termination profile for edge profile according to the present invention.

 The invention described with reference to the figures succinctly set out above comprises several aspects which will be revealed in the description which follows.

This description has three parts entitled
- mounting of panels,
- preferred profile for prefabricated panel,
- preferred construction of the panel.

 In the description, reference is often made to prefabricated panels illustrated in the drawings. For the purpose of simplification and ease of understanding of the drawings, only the metallic structure of the panels is shown in most of the figures: the construction material, here lightweight aerated concrete, which fills the metallic frame, in a completely conventional manner , is therefore not shown.

Panel mounting
According to the embodiment chosen and shown in the figures, a housing 10 is constructed by means of prefabricated panels 11 mounted on single 12 or double beams 13 projecting from ribs 14 (Figures 1 and 2).

 The sills 12, 13 are placed or fixed on a reinforced concrete base 15 according to a technique well known to those skilled in the art. The sills 12 serve as support for panels thus making it possible to produce single partitions while the double sills 13, which have a constant spacing, make it possible to erect double partitions, generally referenced at 17, between which a vacuum is , in a classic, gentle manner.

 Once all of the panels have been mounted according to the method which will be described below, there are on the top of all the partitions, and in particular the double partitions 17, a set of parts made in general of wood called "sandpit ". One of the sand pits has been illustrated and referenced at 20 in FIG. 1.

 The general structure of the panels 11 will now be described with the support of FIGS. 1 to 4.

First of all, it can be seen in FIG. 1 that the prefabricated panels 11 can be of several types
- solid rectangular panels, one of these having been referenced at 21 in FIG. 1,
- door panels (reference 22 in Figure 1),
- window panels (reference 23 in Figure 1),
- Other types of panels not shown in Figure 1, well known in the art of prefabricated housing, can be used.

 2 shows in perspective a partial view of a panel ll mounted on a sill 12. Figures 3 and 4 partially show the internal structure of such panels.

 It is observed that, in general, each panel comprises, on at least a portion of its peripheral edge 27, a profile 28 called "edge profile" comprising at least one longitudinal groove 29, called "mounting", open on the outside of the panel. In general, each panel has at least one connecting rod 30 (visible in FIG. 4) which opens into the groove 29 at least on one edge of the panel 11, this edge being called for convenience, in the following description , mounting edge ".

 In Figures 3 and 4 the structure of a rectangular panel (of the type of panel 21 shown in Figure 1) is illustrated, this structure being described below. It will be noted at this stage that the structure of a rectangular panel is similar in principle to that of a door panel and / or a window panel and / or any other type of panel, the man of the art which, mutantis mutandis, can bring the desired adaptations to the base panel to make any other type of panel. The Applicant also wishes to point out in this regard that this structure is well known to those skilled in the art, in particular by the French patent NO 1,320,777 mentioned above.

 The structure of a rectangular panel 11 generally comprises a frame 32 (FIG. 3) comprising four sides 33, 34, 35 and 36, formed by the profile 28. In general, the sides 32- 36 are welded at their ends. I1 will be described later a preferred mode of construction of the panel according to another aspect of the present invention.

 Depending on the load that the panel 11 is brought to bear, this panel can be stiffened by means of a frame 38, 39, this frame being constituted in FIG. 3 by stiffening rods 38 and, in FIG. 4, by a lattice 39 sections 40 of stiffened cable.

 FIG. 4 illustrates the internal structure of a panel comprising the frame 32, the connecting rods 30 opening into the groove 29 of the profile 28 constituting the sides 34 and 36. It will be recalled here that these sides will be called in the rest of the description "mounting edge".

 The structure shown in Figure 4 is then embedded in a building material most often cellular concrete.

 The structure of the panels 11 is moreover well known to those skilled in the art and therefore does not need to be described in more detail in the present description.

 We will now describe, with the support of FIGS. 5 to 9, a characteristic of an aspect of the invention making it possible to produce partitions of length greater than that, measured between two mounting edges of a given panel.

In general, according to this aspect of the invention, two or more panels are assembled in the same plane, by their mounting edges 34, 36, and to do this:
- Using a guide fitting 40 comprising on the one hand, connecting means 41 for connecting together the rods 30 connecting two panels 11, -11 'and, on the other hand, guide means 42 adapted to cooperate with the groove 29 of the mounting edges 34, 36 of each panel 11, ll 'so as to arrange the contiguous faces 44, 44', 45, 45 'in common planes,
- there is the guide fitting 40 in the groove 29 of a first (11) of the two panels 11, 11 ',
the connecting means 41 are fixed on each connecting rod 30 opening into the groove 29 of the mounting edge 34 of the first panel 11,
the mounting edge 36 of the second panel 11 ′ is presented opposite the guide fitting 40,
- The connecting means 41 are fixed on each rod 30 opening into the groove 29 of the mounting edge 36 of the second panel 11 '.

 It can be seen, in FIG. 5, that according to another characteristic of the invention there is a seal 47 between the guide means 42 and the groove 29 of each of the mounting edges of the two panels 11, 11 '.

According to this characteristic, and in general, the guide fitting 40 is adapted to compress this seal.

In the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 4, and according to another characteristic of the invention, the guide fitting comprises several distinct parts:
- The connection means 41 here consist of a spacer adapted to receive and fix at each of its ends the connection rod 30. Here the connection method consists of a threading of the end of the rod and an axial tapping complementary to each end of the spacer 41.

 - The guide means 42 here consist of a visible guide piece in particular in two versions in FIGS. 6 and 7. In general, in the variant embodiment shown in the figures, the guide means (the piece 42) comprise at least two external faces 50, 51 of complementary support with at least part of the groove 29 of the mounting edge 34, 36. In the embodiment shown, said part of the groove consists of a flat surface 52 forming the bottom of this last.

 It will be noted that in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the bottom 52 of the groove 29 is in fact a flat support surface disposed between two guide faces 53 defining on the support surface 52 two wedging edges 54 For cooperation with said flat support surface of the groove, the external support faces 51 of the guide piece 42 have a width similar to that of the surface - support plane 52, these external support faces being delimited, generally in this variant embodiment of the invention, by two guide edges referenced 57 in FIGS. 6 and 7.

 In fact, it can be seen in FIGS. 6 and 7 that the guide part in fact has a generally parallelepipedic structure.

In Figure 6, this guide piece is made of wood. In Figure 7, this guide piece is made of metal.

 In Figure 9, there is shown a guide piece 42 on the external support faces 50 from which the seal 47 mentioned above has been fixed. It is observed that this seal 47 has an overall shape of ribbon and is arranged substantially diagonally on the external support face 50. This seal 47 is made, in a well known manner, of synthetic material.

 It is observed that the guide piece 42 has at each of its upper and lower ends a bore 60 allowing, as illustrated in particular in Figures 5 and 8, to screw the spacers 41 on the rods 30 so as to ensure the connection between these rods.

In addition, it will be observed that the more the rods 30 are screwed into the spacers 41, the more the mounting edges 34, 36 are tightened one against the other, the various bearing surfaces mentioned above cooperating to compress the seals 47. As most panels have a connecting rod in the vicinity of their two upper and lower edges, a rigid and sealed connection is thus ensured along the mounting edges of the panels 11.

 We will now describe in support of FIGS. 9 to 12 a preferred method of fixing the panels to the ground.

 It has been mentioned, in support of FIGS. 1 and 2, that the panels 11 are placed on single (12) or double (13) beams.

The sills 13 are similar to sills 12 in that they are formed by the same profile, the two ribs 14 of sills 13 being spaced regularly and continuously.

 These sills are placed on the cement floor 15 with the interposition of an insulating sole. In some cases, they can be fixed to the ground in an appropriate manner well known to those skilled in the art.

 In general, according to one aspect of the invention, the panels 11 being placed on sills 12, 13 (FIG. 10) projecting a rib 14, a profile of substantially complementary shape is used, FIG. 11, of that edge profile 28 so that the rib 14 fits into the mounting groove 29.

 It will already be noted that one of the advantages of this arrangement lies in the fact that it is possible to use a profile having a continuous rib, which is easy to manufacture.

In general, according to this aspect of the present invention, to fix a partition to the floor:
- we choose to fix it in line with an edge-to-edge junction of two panels, several of these junctions being referenced at 70 in FIGS. 1 and 10,
- said panels are mounted edge to edge on a sill having at the right of said junction 70 a fixing notch 71, FIGS. 10, 12,
- a fastening piece 73 comprising a fixing lug 74 on the ground 15 is hung in said junction, on said connecting means, here the spacer 41
- said tab 74 is fixed to the ground. In this embodiment, the fixing is done by sealing in the concrete a pin 75.

 It is observed, Figures 10, I1, that the fixing part has an overall L-shape, one end of the L being bent in the shape of hooks (reference 76 in Figures 10, 11) and is thus adapted to hang on the spacer 41, while the other end has a bore 76a to allow the passage of the fixing pin 75.

 It will be observed that this arrangement is such that the fixing lug 74 is arranged below the junction 70 of the panels 11.

 In FIGS. 10 and 11, the guide piece 42 has not been shown to clarify the drawing. In practice, in FIG. 9, the guide piece comprises, on horseback, one of its bearing faces 50 or 51 and an adjacent face 450, a notch 451 to allow the passage of the fixing piece 73 as shown in FIGS. 10 , 11.

 It should be noted that, for example with regard to the external partitions of a building, the entire building rests on the external beams. There is therefore a considerable pressing force at the level of these sills on the ground, this pressing force being sufficient to create considerable lateral friction forces. These lateral friction forces combine with the action of pins 75 to ensure excellent lateral stability of the partitions.

 We will now describe, with the aid of FIGS. 1, 8, 13 to 15, the mounting of the sand pit making it possible to support either a slab for an upper floor or the roof structure of the building.

 In FIG. 1, there is shown at 20 a sand plate intended to be placed on top of the double partitions 17. In general a sand plate is placed on the upper edge of each of the panels 11. In FIGS. 13 and 14, a sand plate 80 is shown while in Figures 1 and 16, a double plate 20 for the double walls 17 is shown.

 The sand pit 80 is made in this embodiment of a wooden profile having a generally rectangular section with a rib 81 projecting from its lower face 82. The rib 81 has a shape similar to that of a rib 14 of the side rails 12 , 13 so that the rib 81 can fit into the groove 29 of the edge profile 28 of the panel 11 as shown in FIG. 13.

 The method of fixing the plate consists, according to one aspect of the present invention, of mounting a hook 83 on the spacer 41 for connecting the rods 30. This assembly can be done before the installation of the spacer 41, FIG. 13, or later thereto, Figure 15. In the latter case, there are provided, on the guide piece 42, notches 84, Figures 7, 8 and 15, allowing the introduction of the hook in the guide piece and mounting this hook on the spacer 41.

 As shown in Figure 13, the sand pit 80 included, in line with the panel junctions, a bore 86 adapted to receive the hook 83 which appeared, in its upper part, in the form of a threaded rod. The sand plate 80 is then clamped against the profile of the panels by means of a nut-washer assembly 87.

 The plates 20 of double partitions 17 are of substantially parallelepiped shape and comprise, according to a characteristic of the invention, a projection 90 allowing the space 91 between two panels 11 to be kept constant. The method of fixing the plates 20 is essentially the same than that of the sand pits 80, however there is interposed between the nut-washer assemblies 87 and the upper face 88 of the pits 20 a distribution plate 89.

 We will now describe with the support of FIGS. 17 to 24 two alternative embodiments of corner panels making it possible to make partitions junctions at right angles.

 In general, according to the method according to the invention, to make a junction of panels at a right angle, a panel 90 called a corner panel is used, comprising on at least one of its two faces, the most distant face. in FIG. 17 and the closest one in FIG. 19, along at least one mounting edge 34, a profile 91 called an angle profile and on the second of its two faces, the close side in FIG. 17 , the remote side in FIG. 19, at least one support piece 92 mounted opposite said angle profile 91. The panel 90 also includes a spacer 93 called a shoulder mounted between the support piece 92 and the profile angle 91, fixed as explained below on the angle profile and the support piece.

 This spacer, visible in axial section in Figure 18, has a radial bore 94 in which is engaged the connecting rod 30 of the corner panel 90, Figure 17. In general, the corner panel comprises means called "corner connection" can be connected to the connecting rod of the panel in front of another mounted at right angles to this corner panel. In the embodiment shown, these angle connection means include in particular a threaded bore 96 complementary to the thread of the connecting rod.

 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 17, the corner panel 90 comprises two support pieces 92 of triangular shape fixed on the upper and lower corners of the frame of the panel 90, only one of these pieces 92 being shown in this figure. . The part 92 has a bore 97 allowing the engagement of a screw 98 which is screwed into a second axial bore 99 of the shoulder spacer 93, FIGS. 17, -18 and 22.

 In practice, the support piece (s) 92 can be welded to the upper or lower corners of the panel or more simply placed on the frame and held by an appropriate means (glue, small spot of welding, etc.) to allow pouring. of the building material (concrete) and the setting thereof. What matters in fact is that the part or parts 92 which are "support" parts do indeed bear on the cadra. In the embodiment shown, the parts 92 bear on the edge profiles, on a face 53a (FIG. 22) opposite to a guide face 53 of this profile (FIG. 5).

 In the embodiment shown in these figures, the section 91 is welded to the frame of the panel 90. As a variant, this section is placed on the panel after setting the concrete and held in place by the mounting of the panel 11 explained below. after.

 According to a characteristic of this variant, the corner profile 91 has a shape substantially complementary to that of the edge profile so that the corner profile can fit into the edge profile (visible in particular in Figure 22). According to an advantageous characteristic of the preferred variant embodiment shown, the angle profile 91 is identical to the profile used to manufacture the sleepers 12.

To assemble a right angle panel with another standard panel 11
the mounting edge considered of the standard panel 11 is presented, the edge 34 in FIG. 22, opposite the angle profile 91,
- Fixing said angle connection means formed here by the shoulder spacer 93 and, more particularly, its thread 96, on the connecting rod 30 of the standard panel 11, here by simply screwing this rod. According to this alternative embodiment, to make a T-junction, an angle panel 90 ′, FIG. 20, is used, in which the support piece 92 is replaced by a second angle profile 91 ′. Spacers are then used. shoulder not shown in Figure 20 having a radial bore disposed in the center of the spacer and two axial bores having a complementary thread of the thread of the connecting rods, arranged at the ends of this spacer. The method of mounting at right angles to two standard panels on a T-shaped corner panel 90 'is similar to that described in support of FIG. 22.

 FIG. 21 shows an alternative embodiment of the panel 90 shown in FIG. 17. In this alternative embodiment, the connecting rods 30 are engaged in so-called "shoulder" tubes, 99 bearing support on the one hand, on the spacer? 3 and, on the other hand, on the section 28 of the opposite mounting edge.

 This arrangement allows the shoulder tubes to withstand the lateral forces normally supported by the angle profile and, more particularly, by the welding between the angle profile and the frame.

 We will now describe with the support of Figures 23, 24, another preferred alternative embodiment of corner panels.

 In this variant, said corner section, here referenced at 100 has a section identical to that of the edge profile of the panel, the groove 101 of the corner section being open to the outside of the corner panel 110. The means angle connector referenced here in 102, 103 are generally adapted to allow their attachment to a guide connector 40 identical to that described above, and more particularly to the spacer 41 of such a connector guide.

 In this embodiment, a triangular support piece 92 is also welded to the frame opposite the angle profile 100.

 In the case of a T-junction, FIG. 24, the support piece 92 is also replaced by an angle profile 100 '.

 During the mounting of the frame before pouring the concrete, the spacer 102 is fixed to the support piece 92 by means of a screw 98. The angle profile or profiles are fixed to the spacer 102 by means of a threaded post 103 cooperating with a threaded axial bore 105 of the spacer 102. The post 103 has a support shoulder 106. Then the angle profile (s) 100, 100 ′ are fixed before the concrete is poured the spacers 102 themselves carried by the rods 30. The angle sections 100, 100 ′ are thus caught in the concrete.

According to the invention, to assemble a right angle panel with another standard panel:
there is a guide connector 40, and more particularly a guide piece 42, in the groove 101 of the angle profile 100 of the panel 110,
the connecting means 41 of the guide connector 40 are fixed on the angle connection means 102, 103 of the corner panel 110.

In the embodiment shown, this operation consists in screwing the spacers 41 onto the tenons 103 which open into the groove 101 of the angle profile,
the mounting edge 34 of the standard panel is presented opposite the guide fitting, here of the guide piece 42,
- The connecting means are fixed on each connecting rod opening into the groove of the mounting edge of the standard panel. We proceed here as previously described, with regard to the edge-to-edge mounting of two standard panels: the connecting rods 30 are screwed into the spacers 41 with axial tightening.

 Of course, although not shown in FIG. 23, one can use a guide piece 42 provided with seals 47.

 It will be observed, FIGS. 22 and 23, that the connecting rods 30 of the panels 90, 110 are "stopped" by means of a nut-washer assembly referenced at 112.

 This arrangement ensures correct tightening of the standard or corner panels mounted edge to edge on the other mounting edge of the corner panel 90, 110.

 We will now describe, with the aid of FIGS. 25, 26, a means of fixing the corner panels to the ground.

 According to the embodiment shown in these figures, this means comprises a fixing piece 115 comprising two fixing lugs 116, 117. One of them 117 has a bore in which the rod 30 for connecting the corner panel opens out. . The tab 117 is fixed to the bottom of the groove 29 of the edge profile 28 by means of the nut-washer assembly 112 mentioned above.

 The second tab 116, parallel and offset from the first by a distance corresponding to the depth of the groove 29, is fixed to the base 118 by means of a fixing pin 119.

 We will now describe in support of Figures 37 to 40 an alternative embodiment of the mounting method according to the invention.

 According to this variant, in this embodiment of a standard panel, it is arranged to fix on each of the internal corners 502 of the frame formed by the profile a tube called "fixing" 501. In addition, we arrange to leave access to each of these tubes in the concrete.

 This particularly simple arrangement has several advantages.

 First of all the fixing to the floor of the partitions is facilitated. It suffices to introduce a bolt 503 on one side of a partition to fix on the other side of the partition a fixing piece to the ground 504 having an L-shaped structure by means of a nut 505. The piece fixing is, in this embodiment, directly fixed to the ground by means of a screw 506. In addition the part 504 is wide enough to be able to cooperate with the tubes 501 of adjacent standard panels and thus achieve direct fixing to the ground of these two panels. It will also be noted that nothing prevents two pieces 504 from being placed on either side of the same panel.

 In FIG. 39, the fixing to the ground of a panel 11 has been illustrated with regard to a double partition. In this case, the bolt 503 is chosen to be long enough to allow it to pass through the entire double partition. Here again, although not shown in FIG. 39, it is possible to put two pieces 504 on either side of the double partition.

 It will be noted, according to another characteristic of this variant embodiment of the invention, that the spacing of the two partitions is determined at the lower part thereof by a spacer 510 having a U-shape and that the it is mounted either as shown in Figure 39, in inverted U, or in any position. The distance between the partitions is thus determined by the transverse distance between the two branches of the U.

 As mentioned above, the distance between the partitions is kept constant at the upper part thereof by the projection 90 of the plate 20.

 It will be noted that in this alternative embodiment, the plate 20 is fixed by means of a bolt 503 identical to that of the lower part. During assembly on site, it suffices to introduce a rotary drill bit into one of the two 5nl tubes and thus to pierce the projection 90 at the desired location in order to be able to introduce the bolt 503 which is then tightened with a nut 505.

 It is observed that in this embodiment, the number of manipulations on the site is significantly reduced compared to that described in support of Figure 16. The embodiment described in support of Figure 16 presenting meanwhile significant progress compared to the prior art, it therefore appears that that described in support of FIG. 20 presents, in particular as regards handling on site, even greater progress.

In Figure 40, there is illustrated an alternative embodiment concerning the mounting of the plate 20a. In this embodiment, the plate 20a does not have projections, these being replaced by a spacer 510 identical to that described in support of FIG. 39. This spacer 510 is fixed by means of two bolts 512, with the interposition of a distribution plate 513, on the plate 20a. The assembly is held in place by a bolt 503 and a nut 505
This embodiment has the advantage of making it simpler to manufacture the sand pit and more flexible to use it on the site since it suffices to cut a board to the desired length to make a sand pit 20a and to place the spacers 510 to the appropriate places.

 In general, the assembly of a building begins with the assembly of an external angle and the fixing of the latter on the concrete base. A corner panel 90, 110 is placed at the appropriate location on a single sill 12 or double 13. As described above, a standard panel is fixed to the corner profile of the corner panel. We then proceed to the edge to edge fixing of standard panels, doors, windows or other, end to end, on the two partitions thus started. We can thus build a house in prefabricated elements in a particularly fast time.

 It will be noted that, in the case of double partitions, the air vacuum remains continuous both at the edge-to-edge junctions of standard panels and at the right-angle junctions of corner panels with standard panels. The only existing thermal bridges being present at ground level or in the sand pit.

 It will also be observed that an advantage of the mounting method according to the invention, and more particularly of the method of fixing the partitions to the ground, lies in the fact that we can do without sleepers (see in particular Figure 39) to mount the panels. In this case the panels are placed on the ground or with the interposition of an insulating sole. They are then fixed to the ground, for example, in one of the modes described. In this case, if, in addition, corner panels are used comprising corner profiles identical to the edge profile, a salt and the same type of profile is used for the manufacture of all the prefabricated elements and their mounting on the construction site. This results in significant savings.

Preferred profile for prefabricated panel
We will now describe in support of Figures 27 to 30 a preferred embodiment for a profile for prefabricated panels such as the panels mentioned above.

 According to the embodiment chosen and shown in these figures and in particular in Figure 27, the profile, referenced in 200, comprises a longitudinal mounting groove 201, called "mounting" and at least one groove 202, called "holding" opening in a direction substantially opposite to the opening direction of the mounting groove 201; this retaining groove is adapted to cooperate with the frame of the panel to hold it.

 In the embodiment shown in the figures, the frame is a trellis made up of rigid sections of metal cables referenced in 203. According to a characteristic of the invention, the retaining groove 201 has a width substantially equal to the thickness of the cable used to form the rigid sections, Figures 27, 28 and 30.

 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 28, the profile 200 only has a single retaining groove 202, while in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 27, 29 and 30, the profile has two of these retaining grooves.

 It will be noted that, in the embodiment shown, the profile 200 comprises two fins perpendicular to the direction of opening of the grooves. These fins are referenced in 205. It will be observed that these fins are flat and are arranged so that their surface is in the same plane, this plane being distant from the bottom 206 of the longitudinal mounting groove 201 so that this distance represents the maximum thickness of profile 200.

 Figure 29 shows the profile 200 seen in perspective.

 FIG. 30 illustrates a use of this profile as edge profile in panels of the same type as those described above.

 It is observed that the retaining grooves 202 allowing the cable sections 203 constituting the lattice of the reinforcement to be maintained. It is also observed that in the vicinity of the retaining grooves 201, on the other side of the latter relative to the mounting groove 201, grooves 210 are provided between these retaining grooves 202 and the fins 205. These grooves 210 which are said to be "reservation grooves" make it possible to accommodate nuts 211 making it possible to fix an additional reinforcement constituted by threaded rods 212.

 In this embodiment, a guide connector is used, comprising on the one hand connecting means in the form of a spacer 220 similar to the spacer 41 described above and guide means being in the form of a piece of guide 221 comprising two external support faces 222 complementary with the groove 201.

 The groove 201 has, facing the faces 222, a flat support surface 223 disposed between two guide faces 224, defining on the surface 223 two wedging edges 225. It can be seen that the guide piece 221 has 4 secondary faces d 'Support 230 coming to bear against a flat face opposite to that constituting the bottom of each retaining groove.

 We will now describe with the support of Figures 41 to 44 an alternative embodiment of a profile according to this aspect of the invention.

 The profile 200a shown in right cross section in Figure 41 differs from the profile shown in Figures 27, 29 and 30 in that the reservation grooves 2111 have been omitted. It can be seen in this figure that the profile 200a has a longitudinal mounting groove 20la and two retaining grooves 202a as well as two planar fins 205a arranged in a plane parallel to the general plane of the profile. In Figure 42 there is shown a corner panel 110a implementing the profile 200a. The llna panel has on its peripheral field and as a corner profile the profile 200a. The assembly shown in FIG. 42 is, on the whole, similar to that shown in FIG. 23. It can be seen that the shape of the guide piece 211a used corresponds substantially to that described in support of FIG. 30.

 It is also observed that a stiffening reinforcement in the form of a lattice 203 is embedded in the retaining grooves 202a.

 In FIG. 43, an edge-to-edge mounting of two panels is illustrated and it is observed that this mounting is substantially the same as that illustrated and described in support of FIG. 30.

 This figure also shows a particularly advantageous variant of the mounting method in that it makes it possible to transform any standard panel into a corner panel.

 I1 can indeed happen that the plan of the housing built is such that it is difficult to find a corner panel made with measurements allowing to place an angle of two partitions in a predetermined location. I1 can also happen that during assembly of the housing, the future user of this housing decides to create a room while the panels have already been mounted.

 The variant embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 43 makes it possible to achieve this. In this figure, a standard panel, reference in 605, is transformed into a corner panel, and connected to another standard panel 603.

 To do this, on the site, a hole 600 is opened in the concrete of the panel 605 for access and work making it possible to reach the connecting rod 30. A hook 601 similar to the hook 83 described is hooked on the connecting tick 30 in support of Figure 15. An axially threaded spacer 602 allows, as shown, to connect the hook 601 to the connecting rod 30 of the panel 603 reported at right angles.

 The rod 601 may advantageously include a shoulder 604 making it possible to tighten the threaded spacer 602. It then suffices to tighten the panel 603 against the panel 605 by screwing and tightening the connecting rod 30 of this panel 603 in the spacer 602.

 It will be observed that the panel 603 has on its peripheral edge a profile 200a which comprises, as explained above, two fins 205a. The fins 205a which are in the plane of the peripheral edge of the panel 603, are perpendicular to the general plane of this panel 603 so that they come to bear on the panel 605. The distribution of the support by the relatively wide fins 205a allows avoid damaging panel 605.

 In Figure 44, there is shown in 610 a so-called termination profile intended to be mounted on the panels, a mounting edge of which is, after construction of the housing, in the open air. This profile 610 which, in FIG. 44, is shown mounted on a edge profile of the type 200a makes it possible to ensure both good aesthetics and sealing. This profile advantageously finds its place on the corner panels and, for example, mutantis mutandis, on a corner panel of the type illustrated in FIGS. 22, 23.

Preferred method of panel construction
We will now describe in support of Figures 31 to 36 and 37 a preferred method of construction of prefabricated panels such as those described above.

 It will be recalled that, in its most general form, a prefabricated panel is rectangular in shape and comprises a metal frame on which a frame is mounted. A construction material is poured onto this assembly, most often aerated concrete to form the prefabricated panels used in the assembly process explained above.

 According to one aspect of the present invention, a profile 30fl is used as a profile 30fl, FIG. 31, comprising at least one longitudinal groove 301, intended to become the panel mounting groove, and at least one fin, two in the example. of embodiment shown in the figures, and referenced 302. The fins 302 are in a plane generally parallel to that of the profile so that after mounting the profile to form the frame of the panel, the fins are in a plane perpendicular to the general plane of the panel and delimit the external peripheral surface of the edge of the panel, reference 305 in FIG. 34.

 The construction method comprises a phase for forming the external frame, optionally a phase for mounting a stiffening reinforcement, a phase for closing the frame and a phase for pouring construction material.

 The aspect of the present invention described here essentially relates to the three phases of forming frames, mounting the stiffening frame and closing the panel.

Generally, according to the invention, in said phase of forming the outer frame, to form said portion of the peripheral edge of the panel
- a construction profile is chosen comprising a longitudinal groove and a fin identical to that of the desired edge profile as described above in support of FIG. 31.

 - Cut a length of this construction profile equal to that of the developed of said peripheral edge portion. In the embodiment shown in the figures, the length of the construction profile to be cut is equal to that of the perimeter of the frame.

 - It determines at at least one point along the length of the fin of the profile the location of a predetermined angle of said outer frame. In practice, in the embodiment shown, as many points on the length of the fin are determined as there are angles on the panel frame, here four. One of these corner locations is referenced at 306 in Figures 32.33.

 - Two oblique transverse sections of the converging groove are plumbed at each angle location at a point located substantially above the fin at said angle location, the cutting planes forming an angle equal to said predetermined angle, so that said fin is not cut and thus ensures continuity of material over the entire developed length of said portion of the peripheral edge.

 In FIGS. 32, 33 and 35, said sections have been referenced at 305, 305 '. It will be observed, in FIG. 35 which represents an elevation view of the profile, that the planes of the sections 305, 305 ′ form a right angle. It will also be observed, FIGS. 32, 33 and 35 that the sections converge towards points referenced at 307 situated substantially above the fin at the level of said angle location 306 so that the fins 302 are not cut.

 - Then fold the profile fin at each corner location so that the frame takes its final shape. This operation is illustrated in Figure 34.

 According to another characteristic of the method applied in particular to the construction of the rectangular panel, in the phase of closing the cadra, a junction piece is fixed on the junction of the two ends of the construction profile which come opposite one another at the end of the executive training phase.

 This is shown in FIGS. 36s and 38. At the end of the frame forming phase, the two ends 310, 310 ′ of the construction profile come opposite one another and a junction piece 311 is fixed on each of these two ends.

 In practice, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 36, the part 311 is screwed onto the profile, the screws being referenced at 312, 312 '.

 Alternatively, not shown, this junction can be welded.

 The profile used in the alternative embodiment shown in Figures 31 to 36 is a profile having a straight cross section in omega. In an alternative embodiment, the profile 200 described in support of figures 27 to 30 or the profile 200a described in support of Figures 41 to 44 can be used. It will be observed for this purpose that the latter advantageously comprise two fins 205 (205a ) arranged in the general plane of the profile, delimiting an external surface of this profile so that cuts at ninety degrees can be made there, as illustrated in FIG. 35 without actually cutting the plane of the fins 205 (205a) so that these fins ensure a continuity of material allowing the implementation of the phase of formation of the external frame according to the invention the aspect described above.

 Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments chosen and shown in the figures, but encompasses any variant embodiment and / or execution.

Claims (11)

 1. A method of constructing prefabricated panels, each panel comprising, on at least a portion of its peripheral edge, a profile called "edge profile" comprising at least one longitudinal groove and at least one fin perpendicular to the plane of the panel and delimiting the outer peripheral surface of said edge of the panel, method comprising at least one phase of forming an outer frame characterized in that, in said phase of forming the outer frame, to form said portion of the edge edge:  - a construction profile (300) is chosen comprising at least one longitudinal groove (301) and a fin (302) identical to those of the desired edge profile,  a length of this structural section is cut equal to that of the developed part of said peripheral edge portion,  - the location of a predetermined angle of said outer frame is determined at at least one point along the length of the fin of the profile,  - Two oblique transverse cuts (305, 305 ') of the groove converging at a point situated substantially above the fin at said angle location are made perpendicular to each corner location (306). , the cutting planes forming an angle equal to said predetermined angle, so that said fin (302) is not cut and thus ensures continuity of material over the entire developed length of said portion of the peripheral edge,  - Then fold the fin (302) of the profile at each corner location (306), so that the frame takes its final shape.  2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that as many points are determined on the length of the fin of the profile as there are angles on the panel frame.  3. Method according to any one of claims 1, 2, applied to the construction of a rectangular panel, characterized in that in a later phase of closing the cadra, a junction piece (311) is fixed on the junction of the two ends (310, 310 ') of the construction profile which come opposite one another at the end of said frame forming phase.  4. Method according to claim 3 r;, terized e that the junction piece is screwed on each dtsdjtes ends of the construction profile.  5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that one uses a reconstruction profile (300) having a cross section having a shape substantially omega.  6. A method further comprising stiffening frame, a method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that one uses a construction prie comprising in addition to said longitudinal groove called "mounting" (201) , at least one longitudinal groove, called 'e holding (202) opening in a direction substantially opposite to the opening direction of the mounting groove and adapted to cooperate with the frame (203) to maintain the latter.  7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the reinforcement comprising a trellis consisting of rigid sections of metal cable (203), said retaining groove (202) has a width substantially equal to the thickness of said cable.  8. Method according to any one of claims 6, 7, characterized in that the profile comprises two holding grooves (202).  9. Method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the frame (203) is embedded in the retaining groove (202) before said phase of closing the frame.  10. Prefabricated panel of building material, characterized in that it is at least partially constructed according to the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.  11. Building characterized in that it is constructed at least partially by means of panels conforming to that of claim 10.