FR2467609A1 - WALL TO BE GRAVED AND ELEMENTS OF CONSTRUCTION OF SUCH A WALL - Google Patents

Abstract

The artificial wall to allow alpinists to practice climbing is comprised of prefabricated concrete elements. The prefabricated concrete elements (1), hollow or plate shaped, are provided with cavities and irregularities to simulate the gripping points of a rock wall.

Description

"Wall to climb and construction element of such
wall"
The present invention relates to a wall to be climbed, in particular concrete, and to a construction element of such a wall.

 The desire for an artificial climbing wall has acquired more and more importance with alpi tracks, in particular specialized mountaineers; and this for different reasons. On the one hand, you can practice, regardless of time, on a wall to climb like this which can be erected in a closed space and determined ascension situations can be simulated.

 On the other hand, a wall to be climbed of this kind is very suitable for showing different holds, foot movements and ascent movements, the guides being able to be very close to the demonstrator.

 We can see another circle of interested people for such a wall to climb in mountaineers who have their residence in non-alpine regions, that is to say who live in a very general way in the plain and who cannot exercise their sport only for a relatively short period of time, most of the time during the holidays.

For this kind of mountaineers, an artificial climbing wall offers the possibility not only to study and practice ascension grips and movements, but also to carry out a very general training of the strength of the fingers, hands and toes, and this in situations close to the
reality, regarding the ascent.

 The present invention aims to achieve a wall to climb the type mentioned in the preamble which is distinguished by a particularly economical construction.

 This is achieved according to the invention by the fact that the wall to be climbed consists of a large number of prefabricated construction elements which are connected to each other and / or to a retaining wall, the elements of construction being provided, on their visible face, with infractucsities and respectively with recesses and / or projections.

 The present invention also aims to achieve a building element which knows suitable in particular for the construction of a wall to be climbed. This is achieved according to the invention by the fact that the building element is a hollow block or has a plate shape.

 I1 is advantageously provided that the recess has the shape of a groove.

 The construction elements according to the invention can be stored one on top of the other for the construction of the wall to be climbed so as to form a continuous groove which extends over several construction elements.

 This groove can extend both horizontally and vertically.

 Depending on the width and depth of the groove, the widths being advantageously chosen so that the fingers can just still be introduced into the groove or that the groove can receive a whole hand, one can practice on the wall to climb to what is called a finger crack or a hand crack.

 Another exemplary embodiment provides that the recess is a recess which has a closed side wall.

A recess of this kind, in particular when it is produced in a quadrangular form, can serve on the one hand as a grip cavity, and on the other hand as a step
The recess is preferably made so that it occupies approximately a quarter of the wall of the building element, while an edge obviously remains.

 According to another embodiment of the invention, it is expected that the recess is in the form of a tank. This tank is advantageously made so as to be continuous, that is to say that the two front sides are open. A tank of this kind, the width and shape of which are preferably chosen so as to be able to nestle in the tank a human body, corresponds to a shallow channel, as is often encountered in the walls to be climbed.

 A hollow block in particular with four sides is obtained by the fact that it is provided on each solid face with a recess and that the recesses are different.

 According to the side of the hollow block which is oriented towards the front, that is to say towards the climber, one or the other form of the recess is decisive for the wall to be climbed.

 In general, it will be advantageous in the case of a hollow block that the groove or grooves and the tank respectively extend in the direction of the internal cavity of the hollow block.

 According to another example of embodiment of a block. hollow according to the invention, it is provided that there is each time a groove on two solid faces and that the width of the grooves is different. As has already been said, the width of the grooves is preferably chosen so that a groove corresponds to a finger crevice or to a hand crevice.

 It is further provided that the walls of the hollow block according to the invention are differently thick on the four sides A, B, C, D and / or that one or more walls are produced with variable thicknesses.

 An optimum adaptation of the wall thickness to the external recess is thus obtained, the wall thickness being able to be kept very thin where no recess is provided or only recesses of shallow depth.

It is advantageously provided that the building elements in the form of a plate. are joined in a wall to be climbed by means of a frame which is preferably made of tubing and on which they are fixed,
According to another embodiment, it is expected that the building elements are mutually connected by means of mortar.

 The building element in the form of a plate for the manufacture of the wall to be climbed can, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, between provided on its rear face with a recess by which the weight of the building element can between considerably decreased.

 According to another embodiment of the building element in the form of a plate, it is intended to form an angle by which a building element of this kind can serve in practice as a step element, The angle can be a right angle, but one can also envisage according to the invention an obtuse angle, which makes it possible to form in the building element a kind of depression.

 According to another embodiment of a building element in the form of a plate, provision is made for the building element to be provided at least on one side with a projection which engages in a recess in a plate. neighbor. There is thus obtained a tooth assembly of the construction elements together.

 According to another embodiment of the building element in the form of a plate, provision is made for it to have holes for receiving an anchoring element, a bolt or the like.

 The fixing of the plate-like building element to a frame or the fixing of the building elements to one another or the fixing of the building element to a support wall can take place by the fact that the building element is provided on its rear face and / or on one or preferably several sides, with metallic fastening elements, such as bolts, fishplates, and the like, which are introduced into the concrete of the building element.

According to another embodiment of the building element in the form of a plate according to the invention, it is provided that the holes are arranged in the sides of the construction element and that channels arranged transversely to the holes are arranged in the sides
It may further advantageously be provided that the
holes are made in a through shape.

Holes can for example be formed
by tubes or the like, inserted into the concrete of the building element.

 According to another embodiment of the building element in the form of a plate according to the invention, it is expected that it contains an additive which is lighter than sand, preferably foam synthetic material, such as for example a polystyrene granulation product that has been lathered, and that the fraction of the lighter additive is different in the direction of the thickness of the building element, this fraction being the largest on the rear side and decreasing towards the front, so that there is preferably no light additive on the front side of the building element.

 When preparing such a construction element, the mixture of concrete, consisting of sand, a binder, for example cement, water and the synthetic granulation product which has been made foam, is introduced into a shaking mold, or respectively into a formwork which is arranged on a shaking table.

 Thanks to the shaking movement of the formwork or the table respectively, the heavier sand descends.

 The construction element thus obtained has the advantage that it is much lighter than a construction element made of heavy concrete, but for the climber, who remains only on the external face of the construction element, it appears in the form of a solid, pure stone.

 According to another exemplary embodiment of the invention, it is expected that the uprights of the frame consist of parts or partial tubes pressed one into the other. The tubes can have threads at their ends, but it can be more economical to simply push the tube parts into each other, a solid closure of the two ends being obtained by the compression of the partial tubes.

 According to another exemplary embodiment, provision is made for the tubes or tube parts respectively to have cutouts in the walls.

 In another exemplary embodiment of this kind, concrete, may, after erection of the wall to be climbed, be introduced under pressure through the tubes of the framework, this concrete then coating the entire cavity in the elements of construction and thus connecting the building elements into a homogeneous wall.

 According to another embodiment of a building element in the form of a plate according to the invention, provision is made for two mutually parallel side faces to be arranged with respect to the visible face, at an angle which is different from 900, and is preferably between 30 and 500.

 Construction elements of this kind are flush mounted with construction elements with side walls which are arranged at right angles to the visible face and serve to install desired inclinations in the wall to be climbed.

 Other details and particularities of the invention will emerge from the description given below, without implied limitation, and with reference to the appended drawings.

 FIG. 1 represents a schematic view of a representation of a wall to be climbed according to the invention.

 FIG. 2 schematically represents a representation of a hollow block according to the invention.

 Figures 3 to 6 each show a side view of a full side of a hollow block according to the invention.

 - Figure 7 shows a top view of a hollow block according to the invention.

 Figures 8 to 12 each schematically show a different embodiment of a building element in the form of a plate.

 FIG. 13 represents a rear view of an exemplary embodiment of a building element in the form of a plate.

 FIG. 14 represents a side view of the building element according to FIG. 13.

 Figures 15 to 19 show schematic illustrations of different embodiments of the plate-shaped building element according to the invention, the mutual anchoring of the plate-shaped building elements being shown.

 FIG. 20 shows an illustration of another exemplary embodiment of a plate-shaped building element according to the invention.

 FIG. 21 represents a broken view of a possible variant of a wall to be climbed according to the invention.

 FIG. 22 shows another embodiment of a building element in the form of a plate.

 FIG. 23 represents two sections of tube which can form the uprights of a framework according to the invention.

 FIG. 24 schematically represents an embodiment of a wall to be climbed according to the invention comprising building elements in the form of a plate.

 Figure 25 shows schematically a building element in the form of a light concrete slab.

 In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the wall to be climbed according to the invention is made up of hollow blocks 1 which are placed one on the other and arranged one against the other and which are mutually connected in a common manner, the cavities of the hollow blocks can for example be your concrete poured on site.

 Each hollow block 1 has four solid sides A, B, C, D and, in the embodiment, each side is provided with a recess, the recess on each side having another standard or respectively at least one another dimension.

As is apparent from the appended figures, the hollow block 1 according to the invention has on its side
At a recess which is a groove 3, the width of the groove 3 being chosen so that a hand can be introduced into the groove 3.

 The side B of the hollow block 1 is provided with a quadrangular recess 4 which serves as a step for the user or respectively gives the possibility of making a hold.

 FIG. 5 shows, together with the figures 7 and 2, the production of a recess in the form of a tank 5, the tank being open on its front sides.

 FIG. 6 again shows the side D of the hollow block 1 and the embodiment of the recess again in the form of a groove 3, the width of the groove being this time chosen so that only a finger can be placed in groove 3.

 As is also apparent from the appended figures, the recesses, which are produced in elongated form, therefore the grooves 3 and the tank 5, are advantageously executed so as to be able to extend in the same direction as the cavity 6 of the block hollow 1.

 The thickness of the walls of the hollow block 1 is variable, as can be seen in particular from FIGS. 2 and 7, that is to say that it is adapted to the recesses.

 Crace with variable thickness, we only need the fraction of concrete which is absolutely necessary, which allows in particular a saving in weight.

 It is necessary to hear the expression "concrete stone" in its broadest sense, because, for the preparation of a stone according to the invention, it is possible to envisage, in addition to the cement which generally represents the binder of the concrete , still other binders, for example a synthetic substance.

Figures 21 and 24 show a climbing wall which consists of building elements 1 in the form of a plate
The building elements 1 have on their visible surface again recesses which can be produced in different ways and which form for the climber holds, steps or the like.

 In FIGS. 8 to 10, the different recesses 3, 4, 5 are shown, for example in FIG. 8 a quadrangular recess 4 in the construction element 1, in FIG. 9 a continuous groove 3 and in FIG. 10 a tank 5 in which the climber can nestle.

 The building elements 1 in the form of a plate according to the invention can, as illustrated in FIGS. 8 to 10, be produced in the form of a flat plate, but they can also, as illustrated in Figures 11 and 12 be made in an angular shape, Figures 11 and 12 showing construction elements 1 having a right angle.

Figure 11 shows a building element 1 for an outside corner and Figure 12 a building element 1 for an inside corner.

 As, during assembly, the weight of the construction elements plays a large role, provision may be made, in order to reduce the weight, for the construction element 1 to be provided, on its rear side, with a recess 2, as shown in Figures 13 and 14.

 Another example intended for reducing the weight of a building element 1 in the form of a plate is illustrated in FIG. 25, the building element 1 being prepared from polystyrene or respectively from foam concrete.

 The construction element 1 is, as already mentioned, prepared on a shaking table in such a way that, in a front zone 1 ′, only sand is contained in the binder while in the rear zone 1 ″ the fraction of granulation product of synthetic substance which has been lathered increases and that against the rear wall of the building element 1 in the form of a plate the dominant fraction or the only fraction is mainly the additive.

 Obviously the limits of the passage from sand to the fraction of granulation product in synthetic substance are floating.

 To obtain a better and easier anchoring of the building elements 1 in the form of a plate, these may be provided, as illustrated for example in FIGS. 13 and 14, with fasteners 8 which are introduced into the concrete of the building element 1.

 Advantageously, the building elements 1 in the form of a plate, however, have holes which may be, in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 17, blind holes 9 or, as in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 16, through holes 10.

 In these holes 9, 10, bolts llB which link mutually two construction elements 1, can be inserted, as is the case in FIG. 17, or alternatively, in the case of a construction element according to the FIG. 16, the construction elements can be inserted into sections of tube 12 (FIG. 23) which form continuous uprights inserted into one another and which can be connected together in a frame 13 (FIG. 24).

FIG. 19 schematically shows the connection of several building elements 1 in the form of a plate :. The construction elements 1 are, in this exemplary embodiment, provided with blind holes 9 in which the bolts 11 can be inserted,
On the one hand the bolt 11 connects two construction elements 1 located one beside the other, on the other hand it is connected to a crosspiece 14. The crosspiece 14 can be sealed in a wall, for example in a support wall, at its end oriented opposite the building element 1, but it can also form part of a frame. In the exemplary embodiment, there is also provided an additional stirrup piece 15 which connects building elements 1 located one next to the other and which is also connected, at least on one side, to bolt 11.

 The plate-shaped construction elements 1 have in the area of the holes 9 gutters 16 which receive the stirrup 15 or the cross-member 14 so that, when the finished wall is assembled, the construction elements 1 are just adjacent l to each other.

 Obviously, the realization of the channels 16 is also possible and preferable, in the case of through holes 10 in the building element 1 in the form of a plate.

 So that the total of the sliding moments must not be absorbed exclusively by the connecting elements, or respectively only by the layers of mortar in the case of building elements 1 to be bonded together by mortar, the elements of construction 1 can be provided with protrusions 17 which project into the wall to be climbed in corresponding notches 18, so that the construction elements 1 are held one on the other in form connection.

 This embodiment can be provided on the building elements 1 in the form of a plate as well alone, in addition to the other anchoring means such as, for example, those described above.

 FIG. 22 shows a building element 1 in the form of a plate having a recess 4 and holes 10 through which common fastening elements can protrude.

 FIG. 20 shows an exemplary embodiment in which the plate-shaped building elements 1 are provided with projections 19. The height H of the projections is chosen as a function of the distance a between the projection 19 and the edge of the element construction 1 so that the height is greater than the aforementioned distance.

 For building elements 1 in the form of a plate stored one beside the other, a crack 20 is obtained between the neighboring projections 19 which is chosen according to the invention so that the climber can only pass through them. fingers or the whole hand, so that a finger crack or a hand crack is selectively obtained.

 In the projection 19 additional recesses 4 can obviously be provided in a variety of forms.

 In Figure 21 are shown building elements 1 in the form of a plate which are made angularly and which enclose an obtuse angle alpha. With these construction elements 1, when they are stored one above the other, a gutter for the climber is obtained.

 The building elements 1 in the form of a plate can also be produced with sides or inclined base faces respectively, which makes it possible to produce desired slopes in the wall to be climbed.

The construction elements according to the invention can be prepared in any desired size. Advantageously the building elements
are to be placed by hand (for example up to 50 kg) or large items to be installed using mechanical accessories or lifting devices, for example a crane.

In an element, several recesses, and respectively recesses and projections, different as the case may be,
It should be understood that the present invention is in no way limited to the embodiments described above and that many modifications can be made thereto without departing from the scope of this patent.

 It should also be understood that in the claims which follow the references indicated in no way represent a limitation of the latter but that they are used only for the purpose of facilitating the discovery of the corresponding elements in the appended figures.

Claims (32)

 1. Wall to be climbed, in particular made of concrete or a similar material, characterized in that it consists of a large number of prefabricated construction elements (1) which are connected together and / or to a wall of support, the construction elements (1) being provided, on their visible surface, with crevices and respectively with recesses (3) 4) and / or projections (19).  2. Wall to climb according to claim 1, characterized in that the construction elements are hollow blocks (1).  3. Wall to climb according to claim 1, characterized in that the construction elements (1) are in the form of a plate  4. Wall to be climbed according to claim 3, characterized in that the building elements (1) in the form of a plate are assembled to form the wall to be climbed by means of a metal frame (13) which preferably consists of tubes. (12) and on which they are fixed.  5. Wall to climb according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the construction elements (1) are interconnected by means of mortar.  6. Building element for the construction of a wall to be climbed according to claim 2, characterized in that it is provided with a recess on at least one solid side (A, B, C, D).  7. Construction element according to claim 6, characterized in that the recess is a groove (3).  8. Construction element according to claim 6, characterized in that the recess has the shape of a tank (5).  9. Building element according to claim 6, characterized in that the recess is a recess (4) which has a closed side wall.  10. Building element according to claim 8, characterized in that the tank (5) is made over the entire height of the hollow block (1) and is open on its front sides.  11. Construction element according to any one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that it is provided, on each full side (A, B, C, D), with a recess and in that the recesses are different.  12. Construction element according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the groove (3) and the tank (5) extend in the direction of the internal cavity (6) of the hollow block (1).  13. Construction element according to any one of claims 6, 7 and 11, characterized in that a groove (3) is provided each time on two solid sides (A, D) and in that the width of the grooves (3) is different.  14. Construction element according to claim 7, characterized in that the groove (3) is about the thickness of a finger.  15. Construction element according to any one of claims 6 to 14, characterized in that the walls (7) are of different thicknesses on the four solid sides (A, B, C, D) and / or in that 'a wall (7) or several walls (7) are produced with a variable thickness.  16. Construction element according to claim 9, characterized in that the recess is quadrangular.  17. Construction element according to claim 16, characterized in that the recess (4) occupies about a quarter of the wall of the hollow block (Figure 4).  18. Building element for the construction of a wall to be climbed according to claim 3, characterized in that it is provided with a recess (2) on a rear side.  19. Building element for the construction of a wall to be climbed according to either of claims 1 and 3, characterized in that it includes an angle (Figures 11, 12, 21).  20. Construction element according to claim 19, characterized in that the angle is a right angle (Figures 11, 12).  21. Building element for the construction of a wall to be climbed according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that it is provided, on at least one side, with a projection (17).  22. Building element for the construction of a wall to be climbed according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that it is provided, on at least one side, with a recess (18).  23. Construction element according to claims 21 and 22, characterized in that it is provided on two sides with a projection (17) and on two sides with a recess (18).  24. Building element for the construction of a wall to be climbed according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that it is provided with holes (3, 10) intended to receive a fixing anchor (15) , a bolt (11), a tube (12) or the like.  25. Construction element for the construction of a wall to be climbed according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that, on its lower side and / or one side, or preferably several, it is provided with metal fasteners such as bolts (11), fasteners (8) or the like, which are inserted into the concrete of the building element.  26. Building element according to claim 24, characterized in that the holes open on both sides of the building element and in that channels (16) arranged transversely to the tracks  (9, 10) are arranged in its sides.  27. Construction element according to claim 24, characterized in that the holes (10) are made so as to be through  28. Building element according to either of claims 24 and 27, characterized in that the holes (9, 10) are formed by tubes or the like inserted into the concrete of the building element.  29. Building element for the construction of a wall to be climbed according to any one of re wdiinns 3 to 5, t uiant any of claims 18 to 27, characterized in that it contains an additive which is more light than sand, preferably a synthetic substance capable of foaming, such as for example a granulated product of foamed polystyrene, and in that the fraction of the light additive is variable in the direction of the thickness of the element of construction, this fraction being the largest on the rear side and decreasing towards the front so that on the front side of the construction element (1) there is preferably no light additive.  30. Wall to be climbed according to claim 4, characterized in that the uprights and respectively  the continuous tubes (12) of the frame (13) are formed  killed from sections of tube buried one inside the other.  are trying to cut out the walls.  tubes (12) or respectively sections of tube present  31, wall to be climbed according to either of Claims 4 and 30, characterized in that the  32. Building element for the construction of a wall to be climbed according to any one of claims 2 to 5, and according to any one of claims 18  to 29, characterized in that two mutual side faces  parallel are arranged at an angle by  relative to the visible face, this angle being different from  900, and preferably between 30 and 500.