FR2401219A1 - Complexes organiques oxygenes et hydroxyles de metaux de transition d'une haute teneur en metaux solubles dans l'huile - Google Patents

Complexes organiques oxygenes et hydroxyles de metaux de transition d'une haute teneur en metaux solubles dans l'huile

Info

Publication number
FR2401219A1
FR2401219A1 FR7818083A FR7818083A FR2401219A1 FR 2401219 A1 FR2401219 A1 FR 2401219A1 FR 7818083 A FR7818083 A FR 7818083A FR 7818083 A FR7818083 A FR 7818083A FR 2401219 A1 FR2401219 A1 FR 2401219A1
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
metal
carbon atoms
carboxylate
metals
hydroxyl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
FR7818083A
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English (en)
Other versions
FR2401219B1 (fr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mooney Chemical Inc
Original Assignee
Mooney Chemical Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mooney Chemical Inc filed Critical Mooney Chemical Inc
Publication of FR2401219A1 publication Critical patent/FR2401219A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2401219B1 publication Critical patent/FR2401219B1/fr
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/22Organic complexes
    • B01J31/2204Organic complexes the ligands containing oxygen or sulfur as complexing atoms
    • B01J31/2208Oxygen, e.g. acetylacetonates
    • B01J31/2226Anionic ligands, i.e. the overall ligand carries at least one formal negative charge
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1493Selection of liquid materials for use as absorbents
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/04Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing carboxylic acids or their salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C51/00Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
    • C07C51/41Preparation of salts of carboxylic acids
    • C07C51/414Preparation of superbasic salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C53/00Saturated compounds having only one carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or hydrogen
    • C07C53/126Acids containing more than four carbon atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C53/00Saturated compounds having only one carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or hydrogen
    • C07C53/126Acids containing more than four carbon atoms
    • C07C53/128Acids containing more than four carbon atoms the carboxylic group being bound to a carbon atom bound to at least two other carbon atoms, e.g. neo-acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F13/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 7 or 17 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F13/005Compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F15/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F15/02Iron compounds
    • C07F15/025Iron compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F15/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F15/04Nickel compounds
    • C07F15/045Nickel compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F15/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F15/06Cobalt compounds
    • C07F15/065Cobalt compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/188Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/24Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium
    • C10L1/2431Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium sulfur bond to oxygen, e.g. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10L1/2437Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfonamides, sulfosuccinic acid esters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M159/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/12Reaction products
    • C10M159/20Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2231/00Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2231/70Oxidation reactions, e.g. epoxidation, (di)hydroxylation, dehydrogenation and analogues
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/02Compositional aspects of complexes used, e.g. polynuclearity
    • B01J2531/0213Complexes without C-metal linkages
    • B01J2531/0216Bi- or polynuclear complexes, i.e. comprising two or more metal coordination centres, without metal-metal bonds, e.g. Cp(Lx)Zr-imidazole-Zr(Lx)Cp
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/10Complexes comprising metals of Group I (IA or IB) as the central metal
    • B01J2531/16Copper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/70Complexes comprising metals of Group VII (VIIB) as the central metal
    • B01J2531/72Manganese
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/80Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
    • B01J2531/84Metals of the iron group

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des complexes organiques de métaux de transition. Il s'agit d'une composition organométallique superbasique dérivée de métal de transition, soluble dans l'huile et soluble dans les hydrocarbures, constituée essentiellement d'un oxyde de métal et d'un complexe hydroxyl-métal-carboxylate ou -sulfonate où le ou les métaux présents, qui comprennent au moins un métal de transition, sont en combinaison chimique partiellement avec de l'oxygène dans le noyau de cristallite d'oxyde de métal polynucléaire et partiellement avec au moins deux acides monocarboxyliques différents ou un mélange d'un ou plusieurs acides monocarboxyliques et monosulfoniques contenant au moins deux atomes de carbone sous la forme de groupes hydroxyl-métal-carboxylate et hydroxyl-métal-sulfonate, au moins un des acides étant un acide monocarboxylique contenant au moins sept atomes de carbone et, quand le deuxième acide est aussi un acide monocarboxylique, le deuxième acide contient dans sa chaîne la plus longue un nombre d'atomes de carbone qui diffère d'au moins deux atomes de carbone du nombre total d'atomes de carbone dans l'autre, au moins une portion des groupes carboxylate et sulfonate étant enchaînés par liaison hydrogène à des atomes d'oxygène du noyau et les autres groupes carboxylate et sulfonate n'étant pas liés et étant en équilibre avec les groupes liés, et le rapport du nombre total de moles de métal au nombre total de moles d'acide organique étant supérieur à l'unité. Ces composés sont utiles notamment comme additifs pour huiles lubrifiantes.
FR7818083A 1977-06-20 1978-06-16 Complexes organiques oxygenes et hydroxyles de metaux de transition d'une haute teneur en metaux solubles dans l'huile Granted FR2401219A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US80840777A 1977-06-20 1977-06-20
US05/881,363 US4162986A (en) 1977-06-20 1978-02-27 Oil-soluble high metal content transitional metal organic oxy, hydroxy, complexes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2401219A1 true FR2401219A1 (fr) 1979-03-23
FR2401219B1 FR2401219B1 (fr) 1984-09-07

Family

ID=27123121

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FR7818083A Granted FR2401219A1 (fr) 1977-06-20 1978-06-16 Complexes organiques oxygenes et hydroxyles de metaux de transition d'une haute teneur en metaux solubles dans l'huile

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4162986A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5435183A (fr)
CA (1) CA1107747A (fr)
DE (1) DE2826147A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2401219A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1600449A (fr)
IT (1) IT1108006B (fr)
NL (1) NL185566C (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0043326A2 (fr) * 1980-07-01 1982-01-06 Gamlen Europe S.A. Sels organosolubles de manganèse, procédé de préparation de ceux-ci, compositions organiques, combustibles liquides, peintures et vernis contenant lesdits sels

Families Citing this family (22)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4505718A (en) * 1981-01-22 1985-03-19 The Lubrizol Corporation Organo transition metal salt/ashless detergent-dispersant combinations
US4374777A (en) * 1981-04-09 1983-02-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Synthesis of hydrocarbon soluble vanadium catalyst
JPS61500122A (ja) * 1983-10-05 1986-01-23 ザ ル−ブリゾル コ−ポレ−シヨン マンガン及び銅を含有する組成物
US4720352A (en) * 1985-11-01 1988-01-19 Nuodex Inc. Process for the preparation of vanadium-containing mixed metal soap solutions
US5275630A (en) * 1986-11-06 1994-01-04 The Lubrizol Corporation Metal salt fuel additive stabilized with a thiadiazole
DE3809307A1 (de) * 1988-03-19 1989-09-28 Veba Oel Ag Motorschmieroel fuer dieselmotoren und verfahren zum betreiben eines dieselmotors
FR2632966B1 (fr) * 1988-06-21 1990-11-16 Bycosin Kemi Ab Dispersions d'hydroxydes de fer utiles comme additifs ameliorant la combustion
US5021598A (en) * 1989-07-24 1991-06-04 Mooney Chemicals, Inc. Process for making bismuth carboxylates
US5154764A (en) * 1990-04-10 1992-10-13 Mooney Chemicals, Inc. Neodymium carboxylates as driers in high-solids coating compositions
TW230781B (fr) * 1991-05-13 1994-09-21 Lubysu Co
US5376154A (en) * 1991-05-13 1994-12-27 The Lubrizol Corporation Low-sulfur diesel fuels containing organometallic complexes
US5360459A (en) * 1991-05-13 1994-11-01 The Lubrizol Corporation Copper-containing organometallic complexes and concentrates and diesel fuels containing same
IL100669A0 (en) * 1991-05-13 1992-09-06 Lubrizol Corp Low-sulfur diesel fuel containing organometallic complexes
US5344467A (en) * 1991-05-13 1994-09-06 The Lubrizol Corporation Organometallic complex-antioxidant combinations, and concentrates and diesel fuels containing same
GB9313444D0 (en) * 1993-06-30 1993-08-11 Knowsley Contract Chem Ltd Production of metal salts
US5461172A (en) * 1993-08-09 1995-10-24 Mooney Chemicals, Inc. Light-colored manganese carboxylates
JP4004675B2 (ja) * 1999-01-29 2007-11-07 株式会社日清製粉グループ本社 酸化物被覆金属微粒子の製造方法
US6696100B2 (en) 2000-12-04 2004-02-24 Ferro Corporation Method of decorating a ceramic article
EP1344811A1 (fr) 2002-03-13 2003-09-17 Infineum International Limited Composition additive de sel de fer pour combustible diesel pour l'amélioration de piège à particules
JP2004035882A (ja) * 2002-07-03 2004-02-05 Infineum Internatl Ltd 粒状物トラップ改良のための過塩基化金属塩ディーゼル燃料添加剤組成物
PL2125847T3 (pl) * 2007-02-06 2015-12-31 Medical Res Council Materiały poli okso-hydroksy jonów metalu zmodyfikowanych ligandem, ich zastosowania i sposoby ich otrzymywania
JP7050206B1 (ja) 2021-09-03 2022-04-07 株式会社高田工業所 超音波共振体の締結構造及び超音波加工装置

Citations (9)

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US2367470A (en) * 1939-06-20 1945-01-16 Standard Oil Co California Compounded oil
US2575347A (en) * 1949-07-14 1951-11-20 Interchem Corp Metallo organic compounds
FR1271037A (fr) * 1958-07-17 1961-09-08 Ghent Sa Procédé de préparation de savons de métaux polyvalents
FR2095682A5 (fr) * 1970-06-01 1972-02-11 Tenneco Chem
FR2172797A1 (en) * 1972-02-22 1973-10-05 Gamlen Naintre Sa Oil-sol ferric salts of org acids - for use as paint and varnish siccatives and fuel additives
FR2176578A1 (en) * 1972-03-24 1973-11-02 Ugine Kuhlmann Cobalt soaps - used as adhesion adjuvants for rubbers and as siccatives in lacquers and paints
FR2264082A1 (en) * 1974-03-15 1975-10-10 Mooney Chemicals Hydrocarbon-soluble metal compsns., esp. siccatives - prepd. by heating a metal (cpd.), an organic acid and a glycol or glycol ether
FR2338242A1 (fr) * 1976-01-14 1977-08-12 Tenneco Chem Procede catalytique de production de sels de manganese d'acides organiques
EP0001884A1 (fr) * 1977-10-31 1979-05-16 Mooney Chemicals, Inc. Composition élastomérique vulcanisable, produit composite en métal et en élastomère vulcanisé et son procédé de fabrication

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US2322307A (en) * 1939-06-20 1943-06-22 Standard Oil Co California Compounded oil
US2320392A (en) * 1941-01-13 1943-06-01 Shell Dev Anti-ring-sticking lubricant
US2417428A (en) * 1946-09-19 1947-03-18 Union Oil Co Lubricating composition
US2616904A (en) * 1951-03-16 1952-11-04 Lubrizol Corp Organic alkaline earth metal complex and method of making same
US2753049A (en) * 1951-12-10 1956-07-03 Gaines Bernard Strainer-protector for drinking vessels
US3714042A (en) * 1969-03-27 1973-01-30 Lubrizol Corp Treated overbased complexes

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2367470A (en) * 1939-06-20 1945-01-16 Standard Oil Co California Compounded oil
US2575347A (en) * 1949-07-14 1951-11-20 Interchem Corp Metallo organic compounds
FR1271037A (fr) * 1958-07-17 1961-09-08 Ghent Sa Procédé de préparation de savons de métaux polyvalents
FR2095682A5 (fr) * 1970-06-01 1972-02-11 Tenneco Chem
FR2172797A1 (en) * 1972-02-22 1973-10-05 Gamlen Naintre Sa Oil-sol ferric salts of org acids - for use as paint and varnish siccatives and fuel additives
FR2176578A1 (en) * 1972-03-24 1973-11-02 Ugine Kuhlmann Cobalt soaps - used as adhesion adjuvants for rubbers and as siccatives in lacquers and paints
FR2264082A1 (en) * 1974-03-15 1975-10-10 Mooney Chemicals Hydrocarbon-soluble metal compsns., esp. siccatives - prepd. by heating a metal (cpd.), an organic acid and a glycol or glycol ether
FR2338242A1 (fr) * 1976-01-14 1977-08-12 Tenneco Chem Procede catalytique de production de sels de manganese d'acides organiques
EP0001884A1 (fr) * 1977-10-31 1979-05-16 Mooney Chemicals, Inc. Composition élastomérique vulcanisable, produit composite en métal et en élastomère vulcanisé et son procédé de fabrication

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0043326A2 (fr) * 1980-07-01 1982-01-06 Gamlen Europe S.A. Sels organosolubles de manganèse, procédé de préparation de ceux-ci, compositions organiques, combustibles liquides, peintures et vernis contenant lesdits sels
FR2486083A1 (fr) * 1980-07-01 1982-01-08 Gamlen Europ Sa Sels organosolubles de manganese, procede de preparation de ceux-ci, compositions organiques, combustibles liquides, peintures et vernis contenant lesdits sels
EP0043326A3 (fr) * 1980-07-01 1982-01-13 Gamlen Europe S.A. Sels organosolubles de manganèse, procédé de préparation de ceux-ci, compositions organiques, combustibles liquides, peintures et vernis contenant lesdits sels

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2826147A1 (de) 1978-12-21
IT1108006B (it) 1985-12-02
NL185566B (nl) 1989-12-18
GB1600449A (en) 1981-10-14
NL7806636A (nl) 1978-12-22
JPS5435183A (en) 1979-03-15
JPH0226635B2 (fr) 1990-06-12
NL185566C (nl) 1990-05-16
FR2401219B1 (fr) 1984-09-07
US4162986A (en) 1979-07-31
DE2826147C2 (fr) 1988-02-18
CA1107747A (fr) 1981-08-25
IT7868371A0 (it) 1978-06-13

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