FI113468B - Klooridioksidin tuotantoprosessissa syntyvän happaman sivutuotteen metateesi - Google Patents
Klooridioksidin tuotantoprosessissa syntyvän happaman sivutuotteen metateesi Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FI113468B FI113468B FI952194A FI952194A FI113468B FI 113468 B FI113468 B FI 113468B FI 952194 A FI952194 A FI 952194A FI 952194 A FI952194 A FI 952194A FI 113468 B FI113468 B FI 113468B
- Authority
- FI
- Finland
- Prior art keywords
- sodium
- aqueous
- medium
- acid
- water
- Prior art date
Links
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 140
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims description 70
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 70
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 58
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 47
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 147
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 87
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 85
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- IYGFDEZBVCNBRU-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium sulfuric acid sulfate Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[H+].[H+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O IYGFDEZBVCNBRU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 60
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940005989 chlorate ion Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 206010016256 fatigue Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- LNDCCSBWZAQAAW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydrogen sulfate sulfuric acid Chemical compound [Na+].OS(O)(=O)=O.OS([O-])(=O)=O LNDCCSBWZAQAAW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011973 solid acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 34
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 chlorate ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000207961 Sesamum Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000003434 Sesamum indicum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZFMOKQJFYMBGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-TEMPO Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(O)CC(C)(C)N1[O] UZFMOKQJFYMBGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000238876 Acari Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 1
- QMLOYPZQTXJZKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N OO.O=[Cl]=O Chemical compound OO.O=[Cl]=O QMLOYPZQTXJZKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000689384 Phasmahyla jandaia Phylloseptin-J3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BVWZFGDFKQCHAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Cs] Chemical compound [Na].[Cs] BVWZFGDFKQCHAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008043 acidic salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012431 aqueous reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003010 cation ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000019635 sulfation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005670 sulfation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical class [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B11/00—Oxides or oxyacids of halogens; Salts thereof
- C01B11/02—Oxides of chlorine
- C01B11/022—Chlorine dioxide (ClO2)
- C01B11/023—Preparation from chlorites or chlorates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D5/00—Sulfates or sulfites of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US97376092A | 1992-11-09 | 1992-11-09 | |
| US97376092 | 1992-11-09 | ||
| US9310149 | 1993-10-21 | ||
| PCT/US1993/010149 WO1994011300A1 (en) | 1992-11-09 | 1993-10-21 | Metathesis of acidic by-product of chlorine dioxide generating process |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FI952194A0 FI952194A0 (fi) | 1995-05-08 |
| FI952194A FI952194A (fi) | 1995-07-03 |
| FI113468B true FI113468B (fi) | 2004-04-30 |
Family
ID=25521198
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI952194A FI113468B (fi) | 1992-11-09 | 1995-05-08 | Klooridioksidin tuotantoprosessissa syntyvän happaman sivutuotteen metateesi |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5593653A (pt) |
| EP (1) | EP0667835B1 (pt) |
| CN (1) | CN1042320C (pt) |
| AU (1) | AU5586394A (pt) |
| BR (1) | BR9307406A (pt) |
| CA (1) | CA2148462C (pt) |
| FI (1) | FI113468B (pt) |
| WO (1) | WO1994011300A1 (pt) |
| ZA (1) | ZA938181B (pt) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE9502077L (sv) * | 1995-06-07 | 1996-08-22 | Eka Chemicals Ab | Sätt att framställa klordioxid |
| US6585950B1 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2003-07-01 | Eka Nobel Ab | Method of producing chlorine dioxide |
| US6126702A (en) * | 1998-03-09 | 2000-10-03 | International Paper Company | Apparatus and method for treating sesquisulfate waste streams |
| CA2273667C (en) | 1998-06-09 | 2009-03-17 | Sterling Canada, Inc. | High purity alkali metal chlorite and method of manufacture |
| WO2011119423A2 (en) | 2010-03-23 | 2011-09-29 | International Paper Company | Improved bctmp filtrate recycling system and method |
| CN102001689B (zh) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-02 | 广西博世科环保科技股份有限公司 | 一种回收生产二氧化氯产生的副产品酸式硫酸钠的方法 |
| CL2010001609A1 (es) * | 2010-12-29 | 2011-03-18 | Univ De Concepcion 50% | Proceso para obtener tall oil util que comprende la reaccion entre una solucion de sesquisulfato de sodio y jabon de tall oil. |
| CN105947985B (zh) * | 2016-05-03 | 2018-08-21 | 广西大学 | 一种可回收酸式硫酸钠的二氧化氯制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3864456A (en) * | 1964-08-13 | 1975-02-04 | Electric Reduction Co | Manufacture of chlorine dioxide, chlorine and anhydrous sodium sulphate |
| US3793439A (en) * | 1971-02-17 | 1974-02-19 | Erco Ind Ltd | Production of chlorine dioxide |
| US3789108A (en) * | 1973-02-08 | 1974-01-29 | Erco Ind Ltd | Production of chlorine dioxide |
| US3975505A (en) | 1974-12-13 | 1976-08-17 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corporation | Production of chlorine dioxide |
| CA1080433A (en) | 1976-03-19 | 1980-07-01 | Erco Industries Limited | High efficiency chlorine dioxide production at low acidity |
| ZA786778B (en) | 1978-01-03 | 1980-07-30 | Erco Ind Ltd | Improved washing procedure in chlorine dioxide production |
| US4406736A (en) * | 1979-11-29 | 1983-09-27 | Erco Industries Limited | Method of bleaching pulp with an aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide and chlorine followed by a chlorine solution |
| CA1149131A (en) * | 1980-09-15 | 1983-07-05 | Richard Swindells | High efficiency production of chlorine dioxide |
| US4325934A (en) | 1980-09-22 | 1982-04-20 | Erco Industries Limited | Production of chlorine dioxide with conversion of by-product solid phase sodium acid sulphate to its neutral form |
| US4627969A (en) * | 1984-09-05 | 1986-12-09 | Tenneco Canada Inc. | Production of chlorine dioxide |
| US4931268A (en) * | 1984-09-05 | 1990-06-05 | Tenneco Canada Inc. | Production of chlorine dioxide |
| SE460046B (sv) * | 1987-03-27 | 1989-09-04 | Eka Nobel Ab | Foerfarande foer framstaellning av klordioxid |
| SE463669B (sv) * | 1988-06-17 | 1991-01-07 | Eka Nobel Ab | Foerfarande foer framstaellning av klordioxid |
| US4806215A (en) * | 1988-07-27 | 1989-02-21 | Tenneco Canada Inc. | Combined process for production of chlorine dioxide and sodium hydroxide |
| US5066477A (en) * | 1988-08-10 | 1991-11-19 | Tenneco Canada Inc. | Production of chlorine dioxide |
| SE463670B (sv) * | 1988-10-11 | 1991-01-07 | Eka Nobel Ab | Foerfarande foer framstaellning av klordioxid |
| SE463671B (sv) * | 1988-10-25 | 1991-01-07 | Eka Nobel Ab | Foerfarande foer framstaellning av klordioxid |
| US5198080A (en) | 1990-06-08 | 1993-03-30 | Tenneco Canada Inc. | Electrochemical processing of aqueous solutions |
| US5122240A (en) | 1990-06-08 | 1992-06-16 | Tenneco Canada Inc. | Electrochemical processing of aqueous solutions |
| SE500042C2 (sv) | 1990-08-31 | 1994-03-28 | Eka Nobel Ab | Förfarande för kontinuerlig framställning av klordioxid |
| SE500043C2 (sv) | 1990-08-31 | 1994-03-28 | Eka Nobel Ab | Förfarande för kontinuerlig framställning av klordioxid |
| US5205995A (en) * | 1991-04-22 | 1993-04-27 | Sterling Canada Inc. | Metathesis of acidic by-product of chlorine dioxide generating apparatus |
| US5116595A (en) | 1991-04-22 | 1992-05-26 | Tenneco Canada Inc. | Metathesis of acidic by-product of chlorine dioxide generating process |
| US5366714A (en) * | 1992-06-09 | 1994-11-22 | Sterling Canada Inc. | Hydrogen peroxide-based chlorine dioxide process |
| CA2079633C (en) * | 1992-07-31 | 1998-04-28 | John Robert Jackson | Method for the preparation of chlorates from waste gas streams obtained from the production of chlorine dioxide |
| US5399332A (en) * | 1993-10-20 | 1995-03-21 | Sterling Canada, Inc. | Dynamic leaching procedure for metathesis |
-
1993
- 1993-10-21 CA CA002148462A patent/CA2148462C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-21 EP EP94901185A patent/EP0667835B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-21 WO PCT/US1993/010149 patent/WO1994011300A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-10-21 BR BR9307406A patent/BR9307406A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-21 AU AU55863/94A patent/AU5586394A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-11-02 ZA ZA938181A patent/ZA938181B/xx unknown
- 1993-11-09 CN CN93114458A patent/CN1042320C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-08-23 US US08/294,604 patent/US5593653A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-05-08 FI FI952194A patent/FI113468B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI952194A0 (fi) | 1995-05-08 |
| CA2148462A1 (en) | 1994-05-26 |
| FI952194A (fi) | 1995-07-03 |
| CA2148462C (en) | 1999-08-31 |
| WO1994011300A1 (en) | 1994-05-26 |
| ZA938181B (en) | 1994-06-09 |
| EP0667835B1 (en) | 1998-09-09 |
| US5593653A (en) | 1997-01-14 |
| EP0667835A1 (en) | 1995-08-23 |
| AU5586394A (en) | 1994-06-08 |
| EP0667835A4 (en) | 1995-10-18 |
| CN1088180A (zh) | 1994-06-22 |
| BR9307406A (pt) | 1999-06-29 |
| CN1042320C (zh) | 1999-03-03 |
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