ES2851176T3 - Method for forming and hardening coated steel sheets - Google Patents
Method for forming and hardening coated steel sheets Download PDFInfo
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- ES2851176T3 ES2851176T3 ES11808645T ES11808645T ES2851176T3 ES 2851176 T3 ES2851176 T3 ES 2851176T3 ES 11808645 T ES11808645 T ES 11808645T ES 11808645 T ES11808645 T ES 11808645T ES 2851176 T3 ES2851176 T3 ES 2851176T3
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron zinc Chemical compound [Fe].[Zn] KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 4
- PALQHNLJJQMCIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;manganese Chemical compound [Mn]#B PALQHNLJJQMCIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000712 Boron steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000611 Zinc aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- QYHKLBKLFBZGAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron magnesium Chemical compound [B].[Mg] QYHKLBKLFBZGAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
- C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
- C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching
Abstract
Método para conformar y endurecer chapas de acero recubiertas, en donde se estampa una pletina de una chapa recubierta de zinc o aleación de zinc, la pletina estampada se calienta a una temperatura >=Ac3 y se mantiene opcionalmente a esta temperatura durante un tiempo predeterminado para llevar a cabo la formación de austenita y a continuación la pletina calentada se transfiere a una herramienta de conformación, se conforma en la herramienta de conformación y se enfría en la herramienta de conformación a una velocidad que está por encima de la velocidad crítica de endurecimiento y de esta manera se endurece, caracterizado por que, para evitar la adherencia de zinc a la herramienta de conformación, el material de acero se ajusta con un retardo de conversión de tal manera que se lleva a cabo la conformación a una temperatura de conformación que está en el intervalo de 500 °C a 800 °C y por debajo de la temperatura peritéctica del diagrama de zinc-hierro, y por que la pletina se calienta en un horno a una temperatura >Ac3 y se mantiene durante un tiempo predeterminado y a continuación la pletina se deja enfriar a una temperatura de entre 600 °C y 800 °C y se mantiene a esta temperatura con el fin de lograr la solidificación de la capa de zinc y, después de un tiempo de permanencia predeterminado, se transfiere a la herramienta de conformación y allí se conforma desde 500 °C a 800 °C, utilizándose un material de acero con el siguiente análisis (todos los datos en % en masa): Carbono (C) 0,08-0,6 Manganeso (Mn) 0,8-3,0 Aluminio (Al) 0,01-0,07 Silicio (Si) 0,01-0,5 Cromo (Cr) 0,02-0,6 Titanio (Ti) 0,01-0,05 Nitrógeno (N) 0,003-0,1 Boro (B) 0,001-0,06 Fósforo (P) < 0,01 Azufre (S) < 0,01 Molibdeno (Mo) < 1 siendo el resto hierro e impurezas producidas por la fundición.Method for forming and hardening coated steel sheets, where a plate of a zinc or zinc alloy coated plate is stamped, the stamped plate is heated to a temperature> = Ac3 and optionally kept at this temperature for a predetermined time to carry out austenite formation and then the heated strip is transferred to a forming tool, shaped in the forming tool, and cooled in the forming tool at a rate that is above the critical rate of hardening and This way is hardened, characterized in that, to avoid adhesion of zinc to the forming tool, the steel material is set with a conversion delay in such a way that the forming is carried out at a forming temperature that is in the range from 500 ° C to 800 ° C and below the peritectic temperature of the zinc-iron diagram, and why the plate heats up in an oven at a temperature> Ac3 and is kept for a predetermined time and then the plate is allowed to cool to a temperature between 600 ° C and 800 ° C and is kept at this temperature in order to achieve the solidification of the layer of zinc and, after a predetermined residence time, it is transferred to the forming tool and there it is formed from 500 ° C to 800 ° C, using a steel material with the following analysis (all data in% by mass) : Carbon (C) 0.08-0.6 Manganese (Mn) 0.8-3.0 Aluminum (Al) 0.01-0.07 Silicon (Si) 0.01-0.5 Chromium (Cr) 0 .02-0.6 Titanium (Ti) 0.01-0.05 Nitrogen (N) 0.003-0.1 Boron (B) 0.001-0.06 Phosphorus (P) <0.01 Sulfur (S) <0, 01 Molybdenum (Mo) <1, the rest being iron and impurities produced by smelting.
Description
descripcióndescription
Método para conformar y endurecer chapas de acero recubiertasMethod for forming and hardening coated steel sheets
[0001] La invención se refiere a un método para conformar y endurecer chapas de acero recubiertas con las características de la reivindicación 1.[0001] The invention relates to a method for forming and hardening steel sheets coated with the features of claim 1.
[0002] Se sabe que los llamados componentes endurecidos por presión hechos de chapa de acero se usan en particular en automóviles. Estos componentes endurecidos por presión hechos de chapa de acero son componentes de alta resistencia que se utilizan en particular como componentes de seguridad de la zona de la carrocería. En este caso, con la utilización de estos componentes de acero de alta resistencia es posible reducir el espesor del material frente a un acero de resistencia normal y, por lo tanto, lograr pesos de carrocería bajos.[0002] So-called pressure-hardened components made of sheet steel are known to be used in particular in automobiles. These pressure-hardened components made of sheet steel are high-strength components that are used in particular as safety components in the body area. In this case, with the use of these high-strength steel components it is possible to reduce the thickness of the material compared to normal strength steel and thus achieve low body weights.
[0003] En el endurecimiento por presión hay básicamente dos posibilidades diferentes para fabricar componentes de este tipo, distinguiéndose los llamados métodos directo e indirecto.[0003] In pressure hardening there are basically two different possibilities for manufacturing components of this type, distinguishing between the so-called direct and indirect methods.
[0004] En el método directo, una pletina de chapa de acero se calienta por encima de la llamada temperatura de austenitización y, opcionalmente, se mantiene a esta temperatura hasta que se logra un grado deseado de austenitización. A continuación, esta pletina calentada se transfiere a una herramienta de conformación y en esta herramienta de conformación, en un paso de conformación de una sola etapa, se conforma en el componente acabado y, en este caso, se enfría al mismo tiempo mediante la herramienta de conformación enfriada a una velocidad que es superior a la velocidad de endurecimiento crítica. De este modo se produce el componente endurecido.[0004] In the direct method, a sheet steel strip is heated above the so-called austenitization temperature and, optionally, is held at this temperature until a desired degree of austenitization is achieved. This heated strip is then transferred to a forming tool and in this forming tool, in a single-stage forming step, it is formed into the finished component and in this case is cooled at the same time by the tool. forming cooled at a rate that is greater than the critical hardening rate. This produces the hardened component.
[0005] En el método indirecto, en primer lugar, se conforma el componente casi por completo opcionalmente en un proceso de conformación de varias etapas. A continuación, este componente conformado se calienta también a una temperatura superior a la temperatura de austenitización y, opcionalmente, se mantiene a esta temperatura durante un tiempo deseado requerido.[0005] In the indirect method, first, the component is optionally almost completely formed in a multi-stage forming process. This shaped component is then also heated to a temperature above the austenitization temperature and optionally held at this temperature for a required desired time.
[0006] A continuación, este componente calentado, que ya tiene las dimensiones del componente o las dimensiones finales del componente, se transfiere e introduce en una herramienta de conformación, opcionalmente teniendo en cuenta la dilatación térmica del componente preformado. Después de cerrar, en particular, la herramienta enfriada, el componente preformado se enfría así solo en esta herramienta a una velocidad superior a la velocidad de endurecimiento crítica y, de este modo, se endurece.[0006] This heated component, which already has the component dimensions or the final component dimensions, is then transferred and introduced into a shaping tool, optionally taking into account the thermal expansion of the preformed component. After closing, in particular, the cooled tool, the preformed component is thus cooled only in this tool at a rate higher than the critical hardening rate and thus hardens.
[0007] En este caso, el método directo es algo más fácil de realizar, sin embargo, solo permite formas que pueden realizarse de hecho con un solo paso de conformación, es decir, formas de perfil relativamente sencillas.[0007] In this case, the direct method is somewhat easier to perform, however, it only allows shapes that can be made in fact with a single shaping step, that is, relatively simple profile shapes.
[0008] El método indirecto es algo más complicado, pero es capaz de realizar formas más complejas.[0008] The indirect method is somewhat more complicated, but it is capable of performing more complex shapes.
[0009] Además de la demanda de componentes endurecidos por presión, surgió la demanda de no producir componentes de este tipo de chapa de acero sin recubrir, sino de ponerles un recubrimiento de protección contra la corrosión.[0009] In addition to the demand for pressure-hardened components, there was a demand not to produce components of this type of uncoated steel sheet, but to put a corrosion protection coating on them.
[0010] Como recubrimiento de protección contra la corrosión en la industria del automóvil se considera solo el aluminio o las aleaciones de aluminio utilizados en pequeña medida, o Ios recubrimientos a base de zinc, solicitados más frecuentemente. En este caso, el zinc tiene la ventaja de que no solo forma un recubrimiento de barrera de protección, como el aluminio, sino también una protección contra la corrosión catódica. Además, Ios componentes recubiertos de zinc endurecidos por presión se ajustan mejor al concepto de protección total contra la corrosión de las carrocerías para vehículos, ya que estas se galvanizan completamente en el método de construcción común actual. En este sentido, se puede reducir o eliminar la corrosión por contacto.[0010] As a coating for protection against corrosion in the automobile industry, only aluminum or aluminum alloys used to a small extent, or zinc-based coatings, which are most frequently requested, are considered. In this case, zinc has the advantage that it not only forms a protective barrier coating, like aluminum, but also a protection against cathodic corrosion. In addition, the pressure-hardened zinc-coated components are better suited to the concept of total corrosion protection of vehicle bodies, as they are fully galvanized in the current common construction method. In this sense, contact corrosion can be reduced or eliminated.
[0011] En el proceso directo, es decir, la conformación en caliente de aceros que se endurecen por presión con recubrimiento de zinc, las herramientas de conformación se ensucian considerablemente. Esto aparentemente se produce no sólo por la abrasión, sino mucho más en la sublimación de Ios vapores de zinc que se evaporan de las fases líquidas de zinc durante la conformación. Las consecuencias de la acumulación de zinc que se forma en la herramienta de conformado van desde daños superficiales al componente conformado en caliente en forma de estrías hasta las paradas de la planta debido a que Ios componentes queden atascados en la herramienta de conformado o al riesgo de rotura de la herramienta debido al prensado de dos piezas si Ios componentes atascados no se detectan a tiempo. La eliminación regular requerida de la acumulación de zinc reduce la productividad de la planta de conformado en caliente debido a la parada requerida de la producción. [0011] In the direct process, ie hot forming of zinc coated pressure hardened steels, the forming tools become considerably dirty. This apparently occurs not only by abrasion, but much more in the sublimation of the zinc vapors that evaporate from the liquid zinc phases during shaping. The consequences of zinc build-up that forms on the forming tool range from surface damage to the hot-formed component in the form of grooves to plant shutdowns due to the components getting stuck in the forming tool or risk of tool breakage due to the pressing of two pieces if I stuck components will not detected early. The required regular removal of zinc build-up reduces the productivity of the hot forming plant due to the required shutdown of production.
[0012] En el método directo, es decir, en la conformación en caliente, Ios aceros recubiertos de zinc no se usaban hasta ahora, menos un componente en la región de Asia. Aquí se usan más bien aceros con un recubrimiento de aluminio y silicio.[0012] In the direct method, that is, in hot forming, zinc-coated steels have not been used until now, except for one component in the Asian region. Rather steels with an aluminum and silicon coating are used here.
[0013] Se puede encontrar una descripción general en la publicación "Corrosión resistance of different metallic coatings on press hardened steels for automotive", de Arcelor Mittal Maiziere Automotive Product Research Center F-57283 Maiziere-Les-Mez. En esta publicación se indica que hay un aceró al manganeso-boro aluminizado para el proceso de conformación en caliente, comercializado bajo el nombre de Usibor 1500P. Además, con el propósito de proteger contra la corrosión catódica, se venden aceros previamente recubiertos en zinc para el proceso de conformado en caliente, a saber, el Usibor Gl galvanizado con un recubrimiento de zinc, que contiene pequeñas cantidades de aluminio, y un llamado Usibor GA galvanizado recubierto, que tiene una capa de zinc con un lO % de hierro.[0013] A general description can be found in the publication "Corrosion resistance of different metallic coatings on press hardened steels for automotive", by Arcelor Mittal Maiziere Automotive Product Research Center F-57283 Maiziere-Les-Mez. This publication indicates that there is an aluminized manganese-boron steel for the hot forming process, marketed under the name Usibor 1500P. In addition, for the purpose of protecting against cathodic corrosion, pre-zinc coated steels are sold for the hot forming process, namely the zinc coated Usibor Gl, which contains small amounts of aluminum, and a so-called Galvanized coated Usibor GA, which has a zinc coating with 10% iron.
[0014] De EP 1439 24O B1 se conoce un método para la conformación en caliente de un producto de aceró recubierto, en dónde el material de aceró tiene un recubrimiento de zinc o aleación de zinc que se forma en la superficie del material de aceró y el material de base de aceró con el recubrimiento se calienta a una temperatura de 7OO °C a 1OOO°C y se conforma en caliente, en dónde el recubrimiento tiene una capa de óxido, que contiene principalmente óxido de zinc, antes de que el material de base de aceró con la capa de zinc o aleación de zinc se caliente para evitar una evaporación del zinc durante el calentamiento. Para ello se ha previsto un desarrollo del método especial.[0014] From EP 1439 24O B1 a method for hot forming of a coated steel product is known, wherein the steel material has a zinc or zinc alloy coating which is formed on the surface of the steel material and the steel base material with the coating is heated to a temperature of 7OO ° C to 1OOO ° C and hot formed, where the coating has an oxide layer, which mainly contains zinc oxide, before the material The steel base with the zinc or zinc alloy layer is heated to prevent evaporation of the zinc during heating. For this, a development of the special method has been foreseen.
[0015] De EP 1642 991 B1 se conoce un método para la conformación en caliente de un aceró en el que un componente de un aceró al manganeso-boro se calienta a una temperatura en el punto Ac3 o mayor, se mantiene a esta temperatura y luego la chapa de aceró calentada se conforma al componente acabado, en dónde el componente conformado, mediante el enfriamiento de la temperatura de conformación durante la conformación o después de la conformación, se enfría bruscamente de tal manera que la velocidad de enfriamiento en el punto MS al menos corresponda a la velocidad de enfriamiento crítica y que la velocidad media de enfriamiento del componente conformado desde el punto MS a 2OO °C se encuentre en el intervalo de 25 °C/s a 15O °C/s. También JP 2OO71826O8 describe un proceso para la conformación en caliente de aceros recubiertos de boro-manganeso.[0015] From EP 1642 991 B1 a method is known for the hot forming of a steel in which a component of a manganese-boron steel is heated to a temperature at point A c3 or higher, it is kept at this temperature and then the heated steel plate is shaped to the finished component, wherein the shaped component, by cooling the forming temperature during forming or after forming, is abruptly cooled in such a way that the cooling rate at the point MS at least corresponds to the critical cooling rate and that the average cooling rate of the shaped component from the MS point at 200 ° C is in the range of 25 ° C / s to 15O ° C / s . Also JP 2OO71826O8 describes a process for hot forming boron-manganese coated steels.
[0016] La tarea de la invención es proporcionar un método para conformar y endurecer chapas de aceró recubiertas de metal, en el que la suciedad de las herramientas se reduzca a lo inevitable debido a la abrasión.The object of the invention is to provide a method for forming and hardening metal-coated steel sheets, in which the dirt on the tools is reduced to the inevitable due to abrasion.
[0017] La tarea se logra con las características de la reivindicación 1. Se señalan desarrollos ventajosos en reivindicaciones dependientes.The task is achieved with the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments are pointed out in dependent claims.
[0018] Los inventores han reconocido que las adherencias metálicas tales como adherencias de Zn a herramientas de conformado en caliente que van más allá del nivel de abrasión inevitable perjudican en gran medida la productividad en el proceso directo. Los inventores suponen que la causa probable sea principalmente la evaporación de fases metálicas líquidas, tales como fases de Zn en la conformación en caliente de aceros con recubrimiento de zinc.[0018] L os inventors have recognized that metal such as adhesions adhesions Zn hot forming tools that go beyond the level of abrasion inevitably greatly harm productivity in the direct process. The inventors assume that the probable cause is mainly the evaporation of liquid metal phases, such as Zn phases in hot forming of zinc coated steels.
[0019] Por ello se prevé, según la invención, llevar a cabo la conformación en caliente de aceros con recubrimiento de zinc por debajo de la temperatura peritéctica del sistema de hierro-zinc (fusión, ferrita, fase gamma). Con el fin de poder garantizar aquí el endurecimiento por temple, la composición de la aleación de aceró se ajusta al marcó de la composición habitual de aceró al magnesio-boro (22 MnB5) de tal manera que el endurecimiento por temple se lleva a cabo mediante una conversión retardada de la austenita en martensita y, con ello, la presencia de austenita también a la temperatura más baja por debajo de 8OO °C o menos, de modo que, en el momento en que se conforma el acero, no hay fases líquidas de zinc de las que se pueda evaporar zinc que pueda condensarse en las herramientas.For this reason it is envisaged, according to the invention, to carry out the hot forming of zinc-coated steels below the peritectic temperature of the iron-zinc system (melt, ferrite, gamma phase). In order to be able to guarantee the hardening by tempering here, the composition of the steel alloy conforms to the marking of the usual composition of steel to magnesium-boron (22 MnB5) in such a way that the hardening by tempering is carried out by a delayed conversion of austenite to martensite and thus the presence of austenite also at the lowest temperature below 8OO ° C or less, so that, at the time the steel is formed, there are no liquid phases zinc that can evaporate zinc that can condense on tools.
[0020] La temperatura de conformación deseada está entre 45O °C y 8OO °C, preferiblemente entre 45O °C y 7OO °C y más preferiblemente entre 45O °C y 6OO °C.The desired forming temperature is between 45O ° C and 8OO ° C, preferably between 45O ° C and 7OO ° C and more preferably between 45O ° C and 6OO ° C.
[0021] La invención se explica mediante un dibujó. En este muestran:The invention is explained by means of a drawing. In this they show:
Figura 1: de forma muy esquemática, un montaje experimental;Figure 1: very schematically, an experimental setup;
Figura 2: de forma esquemática, el potencial de adherencia de un recubrimiento metálico, de por ejemplo zinc, a la herramienta;Figure 2: schematically, the potential for adhesion of a metallic coating, of for example zinc, to the tool;
Figura 3: imágenes que muestran la herramienta en tres ensayos de conformado consecutivos que se realizaron sin enfriamiento intermedio;Figure 3: images showing the tool in three consecutive forming tests that were carried out without intermediate cooling;
Figura 4: imágenes que muestran la herramienta en tres ensayos de conformado consecutivos que se realizaron con enfriamiento intermedio según la invención antes de la conformación; Figure 4: images showing the tool in three consecutive forming tests that were carried out with intermediate cooling according to the invention before forming;
Figura 5: una imagen que muestra la herramienta después de Ios ensayos sin y con enfriamiento intermedio según la invención y la herramienta en el estado inicial limpio.Figure 5: an image showing the tool after the tests without and with intermediate cooling according to the invention and the tool in the initial clean state.
[0022] Según la invención, un acero al manganeso-boro convencional para su uso como material de acero que se endurece por presión se ajusta con respecto a la transformación de la austenita en otras fases de tal manera que la transformación se desplaza a áreas más profundas.According to the invention, a conventional manganese boron steel for use as a pressure hardening steel material is adjusted with respect to the transformation of austenite into other phases in such a way that the transformation is shifted to more areas. deep.
[0023] Por lo tanto, Ios aceros de esta composición de aleación generalmente son adecuados para la invención (todos Ios datos en % en masa):[0023] Therefore, I will steels of this alloy composition are generally suitable for the invention (all os I data in mass%):
C [%] Si [%] Mn [%] p [%] s [%] Al [%] Cr [%] Ti [%] b [%] N [%]C [%] Si [%] Mn [%] p [%] s [%] Al [%] Cr [%] Ti [%] b [%] N [%]
0,22 0,19 1,22 0,0066 0,001 0,053 0,26 0,031 0,0025 0,00420.22 0.19 1.22 0.0066 0.001 0.053 0.26 0.031 0.0025 0.0042
siendo el resto hierro e impurezas producidas por la fundición, en donde en particular Ios elementos de aleación boro, manganeso, carbono, y opcionalmente cromo y molibdeno, se utilizan como retardadores de conversión en aceros de este tipo.the remainder being iron and impurities produced by the foundry, where in particular the alloying elements boron, manganese, carbon, and optionally chromium and molybdenum, are used as conversion retarders in steels of this type.
[0024] Por lo tanto, Ios aceros de esta composición de aleación generalmente son adecuados para la invención (todos Ios datos en % en masa):Therefore, the steels of this alloy composition are generally suitable for the invention (all data in% by mass):
Carbono (C) 0,08-0,6Carbon (C) 0.08-0.6
Manganeso (Mn) 0,8-3,0Manganese (Mn) 0.8-3.0
Aluminio (Al) 0,01-0,07Aluminum (Al) 0.01-0.07
Silicio (Si) 0,01-0,5Silicon (Si) 0.01-0.5
Cromo (Cr) 0,02-0,6Chromium (Cr) 0.02-0.6
Titanio (Ti) 0,01-0,05Titanium (Ti) 0.01-0.05
Nitrógeno (N) 0,003-0,1Nitrogen (N) 0.003-0.1
Boro (B) 0,001-0,06Boron (B) 0.001-0.06
Fósforo (P) < 0,01Phosphorus (P) <0.01
Azufre (S) < 0,01Sulfur (S) <0.01
Molibdeno (Mo) < 1Molybdenum (Mo) <1
[0025] Siendo el resto hierro e impurezas producidas por la fundición, en particular han demostrado ser adecuadas las siguientes composiciones de acero (todos Ios datos en % en masa):The remainder being iron and impurities produced by the foundry, in particular the following steel compositions have proven to be suitable (all the data in% by mass):
Carbono (C) 0,08-0,30Carbon (C) 0.08-0.30
Manganeso (Mn) 1,00-3,00Manganese (Mn) 1.00-3.00
Aluminio (Al) 0,03-0,06Aluminum (Al) 0.03-0.06
Silicio (Si) 0,15-0,20Silicon (Si) 0.15-0.20
Cromo (Cr) 0,2-0,3Chromium (Cr) 0.2-0.3
Titanio (Ti) 0,03-0,04Titanium (Ti) 0.03-0.04
Nitrógeno (N) 0,004-0,006Nitrogen (N) 0.004-0.006
Boro (B) 0,001-0,06Boron (B) 0.001-0.06
Fósforo (P) < 0,01Phosphorus (P) <0.01
Azufre (S) < 0,01Sulfur (S) <0.01
Molibdeno (Mo) < 1Molybdenum (Mo) <1
siendo el resto hierro e impurezas producidas por la fundición.the rest being iron and impurities produced by the foundry.
[0026] Al ajustar Ios elementos de aleación que actúan como retardadores de conversión, el endurecimiento por temple, es decir, un enfriamiento rápido a una velocidad de enfriamiento que es superior a la velocidad de endurecimiento crítica, se logra de forma fiable incluso por debajo de 780 °C. Esto significa que, en este caso, se trabaja por debajo del punto peritéctico del sistema de zinc-hierro, es decir, solo se conforma por debajo del punto peritéctico. Además, esto significa que en el momento en que la chapa que conformar entra en contacto con la herramienta, ya no hay fases líquidas de zinc que puedan condensarse en la superficie de la herramienta. [0026] By adjusting the alloying elements that act as conversion retarders, quench hardening, that is, rapid cooling at a cooling rate that is higher than the critical hardening rate, is reliably achieved even below 780 ° C. This means that, in this case, it is worked below the peritectic point of the zinc-iron system, that is, it is only formed below the peritectic point. Furthermore, this means that by the time the sheet to be formed comes into contact with the tool, there are no longer any liquid zinc phases that can condense on the surface of the tool.
[0027] En la Figura 1 se aprecia el montaje experimental. La chapa de acero utilizada es una chapa de acero de 1,5 mm de espesor hecha de una aleación descrita anteriormente que está recubierta con una capa de Z140. La temperatura del horno para calentar y austenitizar la chapa es de aproximadamente 910°C. El tiempo de permanencia de las chapas en el horno se ajusta de tal manera que las chapas alcancen una temperatura de 870 °C y luego se mantengan durante 45 segundos. Para los ensayos, o bien las chapas se introdujeron en la herramienta de conformación y se conformaron allí, o bien después del calentamiento se extrajeron del horno, se llevaron a una estación de enfriamiento intermedio y, después del enfriamiento, se transfirieron lo más rápidamente posible a la herramienta y allí se conformaron y se endurecieron por temple. En este caso, el enfriamiento intermedio se lleva a cabo de tal manera que se obtiene una temperatura de conformación de entre 450 °C y 800 °C, preferiblemente de entre 450 °C y 700 °C y más preferiblemente de entre 450 °C y 600 °C.[0027] Figure 1 shows the experimental setup. The steel sheet used is a 1.5mm thick steel sheet made from an alloy described above that is coated with a layer of Z140. The oven temperature for heating and austenitizing the sheet is approximately 910 ° C. The residence time of the sheets in the furnace is set so that the sheets reach a temperature of 870 ° C and are then held for 45 seconds. For assays, or sheets introduced into the forming tool and formed there, or after heating were extracted from the oven, they were brought to a station intermediate cooling and after cooling, were transferred as quickly as possible to the tool and there they were shaped and hardened by tempering. In this case, the intermediate cooling is carried out in such a way that a forming temperature of between 450 ° C and 800 ° C is obtained, preferably between 450 ° C and 700 ° C and more preferably between 450 ° C and 600 ° C.
[0028] En la Figura 2 se aprecia de forma esquemática el potencial de adherencia de un recubrimiento metálico a la herramienta de por ejemplo zinc. También se aplica correspondientemente a otros recubrimientos metálicos. En los puntos de inflexión se aprecia los intervalos de temperatura en los que las fases líquidas se convierten en fases sólidas y por debajo de los cuales se produce una conformación con menos adherencias.[0028] Figure 2 shows a schematic view of the potential for adherence of a metallic coating to the tool of, for example, zinc. It also applies correspondingly to other metallic coatings. At the inflection points, the temperature ranges in which the liquid phases become solid phases and below which a conformation with less adhesion occurs.
[0029] La Figura 3 muestra la suciedad claramente visible de la herramienta durante una conformación sin enfriamiento intermedio. Ya después de tres etapas de conformado, el grado de suciedad es tan alto que es previsible un deterioro de la calidad de la superficie de los componentes de acero endurecido durante los pasos de conformado siguientes. En este caso, las partes de zinc que se adhieren a la herramienta primero por evaporación y luego adherencia y soldadura pueden arrancar partes de la capa de zinc de los componentes posteriores mediante soldadura, lo que afecta negativamente a la protección contra la corrosión. Por el contrario, las partes de zinc que se adhieren a la herramienta se pueden transferir al componente de acero de la misma manera e interfieren en la calidad de la superficie y la facilidad del pintado del componente.[0029] Figure 3 shows clearly visible dirt on the tool during shaping without intermediate cooling. Already after three forming stages, the degree of soiling is so high that a deterioration of the surface quality of hardened steel components is expected during subsequent forming steps. In this case, the zinc parts that adhere to the tool first by evaporation and then by adhering and welding can strip parts of the zinc layer from the subsequent components by welding, which negatively affects the corrosion protection. In contrast, the zinc parts that adhere to the tool can be transferred to the steel component in the same way and interfere with the surface quality and ease of painting of the component.
[0030] En cambio, en las Figuras 4 y 5 se aprecia que la herramienta permanece sustancialmente sin estar influenciada excepto por una mínima abrasión de zinc en la herramienta absolutamente insignificante y no perjudicial.[0030] On the other hand, in Figures 4 and 5 it is seen that the tool remains substantially uninfluenced except for a minimal abrasion of zinc on the tool which is absolutely insignificant and not harmful.
[0031] Además, después del calentamiento de la pletina, se puede proporcionar según la invención una fase de permanencia en el intervalo de temperatura del punto peritéctico, de modo que se favorezca y mejore la solidificación del recubrimiento de zinc antes de su conformación.[0031] Furthermore, after heating the plate, according to the invention a phase of permanence in the temperature range of the peritectic point can be provided, so as to promote and improve the solidification of the zinc coating before its shaping.
[0032] Por lo tanto, con la invención se llega a conseguir de manera fiable un método de conformación en caliente rentable para chapas de acero con recubrimientos metálicos tales como zinc o aleaciones de zinc o aluminio o aleaciones de aluminio en las que, por un lado, se produce un endurecimiento por temple y, por otro lado, se reduce o evita adherencias en la herramienta. [0032] Therefore, the invention is reached achieve reliably a method of forming profitable hot steel plates with metallic coatings such as zinc or zinc alloys , aluminum or aluminum alloys in which, for On the other hand, a hardening by tempering occurs and, on the other hand, adhesions on the tool are reduced or avoided.
Claims (3)
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| DE102010056265.3A DE102010056265C5 (en) | 2010-12-24 | 2010-12-24 | Process for producing hardened components |
| DE102010056264.5A DE102010056264C5 (en) | 2010-12-24 | 2010-12-24 | Process for producing hardened components |
| DE102011053941.7A DE102011053941B4 (en) | 2011-09-26 | 2011-09-26 | Method for producing hardened components with regions of different hardness and / or ductility |
| DE102011053939.5A DE102011053939B4 (en) | 2011-09-26 | 2011-09-26 | Method for producing hardened components |
| PCT/EP2011/073882 WO2012085248A2 (en) | 2010-12-24 | 2011-12-22 | Method for forming and hardening coated steel sheets |
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| ES2851176T3 true ES2851176T3 (en) | 2021-09-03 |
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| ES11808645T Active ES2851176T3 (en) | 2010-12-24 | 2011-12-22 | Method for forming and hardening coated steel sheets |
| ES11811025T Active ES2858225T3 (en) | 2010-12-24 | 2011-12-22 | Procedure for producing tempered structural elements |
| ES11807691T Active ES2848159T3 (en) | 2010-12-24 | 2011-12-22 | Method for producing hardened components with areas of different hardness and / or ductility |
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| ES11807691T Active ES2848159T3 (en) | 2010-12-24 | 2011-12-22 | Method for producing hardened components with areas of different hardness and / or ductility |
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| ES (5) | ES2853207T3 (en) |
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