EP2655672A2 - Method for producing hardened components with regions of different hardness and/or ductility - Google Patents
Method for producing hardened components with regions of different hardness and/or ductilityInfo
- Publication number
- EP2655672A2 EP2655672A2 EP11807691.8A EP11807691A EP2655672A2 EP 2655672 A2 EP2655672 A2 EP 2655672A2 EP 11807691 A EP11807691 A EP 11807691A EP 2655672 A2 EP2655672 A2 EP 2655672A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- cooling
- board
- heated
- blank
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- PALQHNLJJQMCIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;manganese Chemical compound [Mn]#B PALQHNLJJQMCIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 5
- KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron zinc Chemical compound [Fe].[Zn] KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004210 cathodic protection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000712 Boron steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneiron Chemical compound [C].[Fe] QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
- C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
- C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing hardened components with regions of different hardness and / or ductility with the features of claim 1.
- press-hardened components made of sheet steel are used.
- These press-hardened components made of sheet steel are high-strength components that are used in particular as safety components of the bodywork sector.
- the use of these high-strength steel components makes it possible to reduce the material thickness compared to a normal-strength steel and thus to achieve low body weights.
- a sheet steel plate is heated above the so-called austenitizing temperature and, if appropriate, kept at this temperature until a desired degree of austenitization is achieved. Subsequently, this heated board is transferred to a mold and in this mold in a one-step forming step for formed component and this cooled by the cooled mold simultaneously with a speed that is above the critical hardness speed. Thus, the hardened component is produced.
- the component is first, if necessary, in a multi-stage forming process, the component formed almost completely finished. This formed component is then also heated to a temperature above the Austenitmaschinestempe- temperature and optionally held for a desired time required at this temperature.
- this heated component is transferred to a mold and inserted, which already has the dimensions of the component or the final dimensions of the component, where appropriate, taking into account the thermal expansion of the preformed component.
- the direct method is somewhat simpler to implement, but allows only shapes that are actually to be realized with a single forming step, i. relatively simple profile shapes.
- the indirect process is a bit more complex, but it is also able to realize more complex shapes.
- Zinc has the advantage here that zinc not only provides a barrier protection layer such as aluminum, but cathodic corrosion protection.
- zinc-coated press-hardened components fit better into the overall corrosion protection concept of vehicle bodies, since they are fully galvanized in today's common construction. In this respect, contact corrosion can be reduced or eliminated.
- Zinc-coated steels are currently - with the exception of one component in the Asian region - in the direct process, i. hot forming, not used. Instead, steels with an aluminum-silicon coating are used here.
- the zinc-iron phase diagram shows that above 782 ° C a large area arises in which liquid zinc-iron phases occur as long as the iron content is low, in particular less than 60%. However, this is also the temperature range in which the austenitized steel is thermoformed. It should also be noted, however, that if the deformation occurs above 782 ° C, there is a great risk of stress corrosion by liquid zinc, which is believed to penetrate the grain boundaries of the base steel, resulting in macrocracks in the base steel. In addition, with iron levels less than 30% in the coating, the maximum temperature for forming a safe product with no macrocracks is less than 782 ° C. This is the reason why hereby no direct forming process is operated, but that indirect forming process. This is intended to circumvent the problem described.
- a method for hot forming a coated steel product wherein the steel material has a zinc or zinc alloy coating formed on the surface of the steel material and the steel base material with the coating at a temperature of 700 ° C to 1000 Is heated and hot-formed, the coating having an oxide layer consisting mainly of zinc oxide before the steel base material is heated with the zinc or zinc alloy layer, to prevent evaporation of the zinc upon heating.
- a special procedure is provided.
- a method for hot forming a steel in which a component made of a given boron-manganese steel is heated to a temperature at the Ac 3 point or higher, kept at this temperature and then the heated one Steel sheet is formed into the finished component, wherein the molded component is quenched by cooling from the molding temperature during molding or after molding in such a manner that the cooling rate to MS point at least the critical cooling rate and that the average cooling rate of the molded component from the MS Point at 200 ° C is in the range of 25 ° C / s to 150 ° C / s.
- the applicant's EP 1 651 789 B1 discloses a method for producing hardened components from sheet steel, in which case shaped parts are cold-formed from a steel sheet provided with a cathodic protection against corrosion and followed by a heat treatment for the purpose of austenitizing, before, during or after the cold forming of the molding, a final trimming of the molding and required punching or the creation of a hole pattern are made and the cold forming and the trimming and the punching and arrangement of the hole pattern on the component 0.5% to 2% smaller than the dimensions that the should then have hardened component, wherein the cold-formed for heat treatment molding is then at least partially heated under the access of air oxygen to a temperature which allows Austenitmaschine the steel material and the heated component is then transferred to a tool and in the
- the tool is a so-called mold hardening carried out in which by applying and pressing (holding) of the component by the mold hardening tools, the component is cooled and thereby hardened and the cathodic protection zs coating consists of a mixture of
- an oxide skin is formed on the surface of the anti-corrosion coating from the oxygen-affine elements during the heating, which protects the cathodic anti-corrosion layer, in particular the zinc layer.
- the process by the scale reduction of the component with respect to its final geometry, the thermal expansion of the component is taken into account, so that neither a calibration nor a transformation are necessary in the form of hardening.
- a method for producing partially hardened steel components wherein a board made of a hardenable steel sheet is subjected to a temperature increase, which is sufficient for quenching and the board after reaching a desired temperature and optionally a desired hold time in a forming tool is converted by the board is formed into a component and simultaneously quenched, or cold formed the board and the component obtained by the cold forming is then subjected to a temperature increase, wherein the temperature increase is performed so that a temperature of the component is achieved, which is necessary for a quench hardening and the component is then transferred to a tool in which the heated component is cooled and thereby quenched hardened, wherein during the heating of the board or the component to Z raise the temperature increase to a temperature necessary for curing in the areas which are to have a lower hardness and / or a higher ductility, absorption masses or are spaced with a small gap, the absorption mass with respect to their extent and thickness, their thermal conductivity and their heat
- DE 10 2005 003 551 A1 discloses a method for hot working and hardening of a steel sheet, in which a steel sheet is heated to a temperature above the Ac 3 point. after cooling to a temperature in the range of 400 ° C to 600 ° C undergoes and is transformed only after reaching this temperature range.
- this document does not deal with the crack problem or a coating, nor is a martensite formation described.
- the aim of the invention is the formation of intermediate structures, so-called bainite.
- the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing especially provided with a corrosion protective layer sheet steel components with areas of different hardness or ductility, with local stresses in the component and distortion as well as cracks, as otherwise caused by "liquid metal assisted cracking" can be avoided.
- the method according to the invention can be carried out successfully in both the so-called indirect process and in the direct process with regard to the mechanical properties.
- the boards are shaped before heating to the finished component, possibly reduced in all three spatial axes by an expected heat expansion.
- the thus obtained component is heated in an oven, wherein, in order to achieve regions of different temperature, absorption masses or insulating components or the like are provided in the regions of the component which are not or less to be hardened.
- a temperature is reached in these areas, which is below AC 3 o- and possibly even Aci and thus a quench hardening by conversion of austenite into martensite a restricts or prevents.
- a complete austenitization is sought, which leads to a martensitic hardness during quenching.
- the board is heated without being deformed and the areas of the board which are not or less hardened are also brought into contact with absorption masses, which reduce heating of the sheet due to their thermal conductivity and heat capacity or are likewise arranged according to insulation components , Subsequently, this board is reshaped.
- the board is evened out in terms of temperature in both cases before curing (indirect process) or curing and forming (direct process).
- so-called conversion-delayed steels are used. This means that the transformation into martensite takes place later so that the components, after equalizing the temperature and setting in the hardening tool or the hardening / shaping tool, despite having uniform temperature, have areas which are characterized by the subsequent rapid cooling with a cooling rate above the critical one Hardness hardened while the other areas, which were not brought to the Austenitmaschinestemperatur, are softer. It is advantageous that the equalization of the temperature also leads to a uniform formability, so that local stresses due to different temperatures or different thermo-mechanical properties are avoided and, in particular, thinning in the boundary regions between cold and hot regions is avoided.
- Another advantage obtained by the direct method is that the so-called "liquid metal embrittlement" is avoided.
- the composition of the steel alloy is adjusted within the usual composition of a manganese boron steel (22MnB5) such that a quench hardening by a delayed transformation of austenite into martensite and thus the presence of austenite even at the lower temperature below 780 ° C or lower, so that at the moment in the mechanical stress is introduced to the steel, which would lead in connection with a molten zinc and austenite to the "liquid metal embrittlement", just no or very few liquid Zinc phases are present.
- a set according to the alloying elements boron manganese steel sufficient Quench hardening without provoking excessive or damaging cracking.
- the active intermediate cooling before forming is necessary for a crack-free forming.
- the intermediate cooling can take place, for example, in one or more stages.
- additional time periods can be planned for the sheets, which have different heated areas, for example, to bring about no hardening in colder areas, to equalize the temperature, in particular, wait until the over Austenitizing temperature heated areas have a temperature that has adapted to the temperature of the less heated areas.
- This adaptation of the temperature profile can be effected in particular also by an active cooling of the hotter areas, in particular by blowing on these areas or the like, possibly covering, shielding or insulating the cold or colder areas during the cooling of the heated areas.
- a control of air nozzles for blowing in the special case of sheets of different temperature can be done via pyrometers, which are for example outside the press and the furnace in a separate plant as well as the corresponding nozzles.
- the cooling options are not limited to air nozzles, it can also be used on cooled tables on which the boards are positioned accordingly and which include cooled and non-cooled areas, so that the cooled areas of the board on cooled areas of the Table to come to rest and be brought into heat-conducting contact, for example by pressing or suction.
- the use of a cooling press is conceivable in which the press geometry by the planar boards is very simple and inexpensive, the areas of the tool in which the board should be cooled according to liquid cooled, while the areas that are not to be cooled, for example compared the cold metal of the press by means of insulating layers, which are inserted in the tools, be shielded or these areas are easily heated, for example by induction or kept at temperature.
- a uniform forming temperature is achieved before forming, which ensures improved forming behavior in the forming press.
- Figure 1 the time-temperature curve during the cooling between
- Figure 2 greatly enlarged images showing the samples with the different temperatures
- FIG. 3 cross-section of the samples according to FIG.
- FIG. 5 a ZTU diagram
- FIG. 6 shows the schematic sequence of the method according to the invention in the direct process
- FIG. 7 shows the schematic sequence of the method according to the invention in the indirect process
- Figure 8 the schematic sequence with combined centering and cooling station for one-sided intermediate cooling.
- a conventional boron manganese steel for use as a press-hardening steel material is adjusted with respect to the transformation of the austenite into other phases so that the transformation shifts to deeper areas and martensite can be formed.
- alloying elements boron, manganese, carbon and optionally chromium and molybdenum are used as conversion inhibitors in such steels.
- Steels of the general alloy composition are also suitable for the invention (all figures in% by mass):
- Titanium (Ti) 0, 03-0, 04
- a holding phase can be provided in the temperature range of the peritectic, so that the solidification of the zinc coating is promoted and advanced before it is subsequently formed.
- FIG. 1 shows a favorable temperature profile for an austenitized steel sheet, whereby it can be seen that after heating to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature and the corresponding introduction into a cooling device, a certain cooling already takes place. This is followed by a rapid intermediate cooling step.
- the intermediate cooling step is advantageously carried out at cooling rates of at least 15 K / s, preferably at least 30 K / s, more preferably at least 50 K / s.
- the board is transferred to the press and carried out the forming and curing.
- Figure 4 can be seen in the iron-carbon diagram such as a board with different hot areas treated accordingly. It can be seen for the hot, to be cured areas a high starting temperature between 800 ° C and 900 ° C while the soft areas have been heated to a temperature below 700 ° C and in particular are then not available for curing. A temperature adjustment can be seen at a temperature of about 550 ° C or slightly below, and after setting the hotter areas, this temperature of the softer areas, the rapid cooling at 20 K / s.
- the temperature adjustment is carried out such that there are still differences in the temperatures of the (previously) hot regions and the (previously) colder regions which do not exceed 75 ° C., in particular 50 ° C. ( in both directions) .
- FIG. 3 shows the difference in the formation of cracks. Without intermediate cooling cracking occurs, which extends into the steel material, with the intercooling results only superficial cracks in the coating, which are not critical.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102010056264.5A DE102010056264C5 (en) | 2010-12-24 | 2010-12-24 | Process for producing hardened components |
DE102010056265.3A DE102010056265C5 (en) | 2010-12-24 | 2010-12-24 | Process for producing hardened components |
DE102011053939.5A DE102011053939B4 (en) | 2011-09-26 | 2011-09-26 | Method for producing hardened components |
DE102011053941.7A DE102011053941B4 (en) | 2011-09-26 | 2011-09-26 | Method for producing hardened components with regions of different hardness and / or ductility |
PCT/EP2011/073889 WO2012085253A2 (en) | 2010-12-24 | 2011-12-22 | Method for producing hardened components with regions of different hardness and/or ductility |
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EP11811026.1A Active EP2656187B1 (en) | 2010-12-24 | 2011-12-22 | Method for producing hardened structural elements |
EP11808211.4A Active EP2655673B1 (en) | 2010-12-24 | 2011-12-22 | Method for producing hardened structural elements |
EP11807691.8A Active EP2655672B1 (en) | 2010-12-24 | 2011-12-22 | Method for producing hardened components with regions of different hardness and/or ductility |
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EP11811025.3A Active EP2655675B1 (en) | 2010-12-24 | 2011-12-22 | Method for producing hardened structural elements |
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EP (5) | EP2655675B1 (en) |
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ES (5) | ES2829950T3 (en) |
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