EP2655675A2 - Method for producing hardened structural elements - Google Patents

Method for producing hardened structural elements

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Publication number
EP2655675A2
EP2655675A2 EP11811025.3A EP11811025A EP2655675A2 EP 2655675 A2 EP2655675 A2 EP 2655675A2 EP 11811025 A EP11811025 A EP 11811025A EP 2655675 A2 EP2655675 A2 EP 2655675A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling
temperature
zinc
board
heated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11811025.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2655675B1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Sommer
Harald Schwinghammer
Siegfried Kolnberger
Thomas Kurz
Martin Rosner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Original Assignee
Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102010056265.3A external-priority patent/DE102010056265C5/en
Priority claimed from DE102010056264.5A external-priority patent/DE102010056264C5/en
Priority claimed from DE102011053939.5A external-priority patent/DE102011053939B4/en
Priority claimed from DE102011053941.7A external-priority patent/DE102011053941B4/en
Application filed by Voestalpine Stahl GmbH filed Critical Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Publication of EP2655675A2 publication Critical patent/EP2655675A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2655675B1 publication Critical patent/EP2655675B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
    • C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing hardened corrosion-protected components with the features of claim 1.
  • press-hardened components made of sheet steel are used.
  • These press-hardened components made of sheet steel are high-strength components that are used in particular as safety components of the bodywork sector.
  • the use of these high-strength steel components makes it possible to reduce the material thickness compared to a normal-strength steel and thus to achieve low body weights.
  • a sheet steel plate is heated above the so-called austenitizing temperature and, if appropriate, kept at this temperature until a desired degree of austenitization is achieved. Subsequently, this heated board is transferred into a mold and formed in this mold in a one-step forming step to the finished component and thereby by the cooled Mold simultaneously with a speed that is above the critical hardness, cooled. Thus, the hardened component is produced.
  • the component is first, if necessary, in a multi-stage forming process, the component formed almost completely finished. This formed component is then also heated to a temperature above the Austenitmaschinestempe- temperature and optionally held for a desired time required at this temperature.
  • this heated component is transferred to a mold and inserted, which already has the dimensions of the component or the final dimensions of the component, where appropriate, taking into account the thermal expansion of the preformed component.
  • the direct method is somewhat simpler to implement, but allows only shapes that are actually to be realized with a single forming step, i. relatively simple profile shapes.
  • the indirect process is a bit more complex, but it is also able to realize more complex shapes.
  • Zinc has the advantage here that zinc not only provides a barrier protection layer such as aluminum, but cathodic corrosion protection.
  • zinc-coated press-hardened components fit better into the overall corrosion protection concept of vehicle bodies, since they are fully galvanized in today's common construction. In this respect, contact corrosion can be reduced or eliminated.
  • Zinc-coated steels are currently - with the exception of one component in the Asian region - in the direct process, i. hot forming, not used. Instead, steels with an aluminum-silicon coating are used here.
  • the zinc-iron phase diagram shows that above 782 ° C, a large area arises in which liquid zinc-iron phases occur as long as the iron content is low, in particular less than 60%. However, this is also the temperature range in which the austenitized steel is thermoformed. It should also be noted, however, that if the deformation occurs above 782 ° C, there is a great risk of stress corrosion by liquid zinc, which is believed to penetrate the grain boundaries of the base steel, resulting in macrocracks in the base steel. In addition, with iron levels less than 30% in the coating, the maximum temperature for forming a safe product with no macrocracks is less than 782 ° C. This is the reason why hereby no direct forming process is operated, but that indirect forming process. This is intended to circumvent the problem described.
  • a method for hot forming a coated steel product wherein the steel material has a zinc or zinc alloy coating formed on the surface of the steel material and the steel base material with the coating at a temperature of 700 ° C to 1000 Is heated and hot-formed, the coating having an oxide layer consisting mainly of zinc oxide before the steel base material is heated with the zinc or zinc alloy layer, to prevent evaporation of the zinc upon heating.
  • a special procedure is provided.
  • a method for hot forming a steel in which a component made of a given boron-manganese steel is heated to a temperature at the Ac 3 point or higher, kept at this temperature and then heated Steel sheet is formed into the finished component, wherein the molded component is quenched by cooling from the molding temperature during molding or after molding in such a manner that the cooling rate to MS point at least the critical cooling rate and that the average cooling rate of the molded component from the MS Point at 200 ° C is in the range of 25 ° C / s to 150 ° C / s.
  • the applicant's EP 1 651 789 B1 discloses a method for producing hardened components from sheet steel, in which case shaped parts are cold-formed from a steel sheet provided with a cathodic protection against corrosion and followed by a heat treatment for the purpose of austenitizing, before, during or after the cold forming of the molding, a final trimming of the molding and required punching or the creation of a hole pattern are made and the cold forming and the trimming and the punching and arrangement of the hole pattern on the component 0.5% to 2% smaller than the dimensions that the should then have hardened component, wherein the cold-formed for heat treatment molding is then at least partially heated under the access of air oxygen to a temperature which allows Austenitmaschine the steel material and the heated component is then transferred to a tool and in the
  • the tool is a so-called mold hardening carried out in which by applying and pressing (holding) of the component by the mold hardening tools, the component is cooled and thereby hardened and the cathodic protection zs coating consists of a mixture of
  • an oxide skin is formed on the surface of the anti-corrosion coating from the oxygen-affine elements during the heating, which protects the cathodic anti-corrosion layer, in particular the zinc layer.
  • the process by the scale reduction of the component with respect to its final geometry, the thermal expansion of the component is taken into account, so that neither a calibration nor a transformation are necessary in the form of hardening.
  • a method for producing partially hardened steel components wherein a board made of a hardenable steel sheet is subjected to a temperature increase, which is sufficient for quenching and the board after reaching a desired temperature and optionally a desired hold time in a forming tool is converted by the board is formed into a component and simultaneously quenched, or cold formed the board and the component obtained by the cold forming is then subjected to a temperature increase, wherein the temperature increase is performed so that a temperature of the component is achieved, which is necessary for a quench hardening and the component is then transferred to a tool in which the heated component is cooled and thereby quenched hardened, wherein during the heating of the board or the component to Z raise the temperature increase to a temperature necessary for curing in the areas which are to have a lower hardness and / or a higher ductility, absorption masses or are spaced with a small gap, the absorption mass with respect to their extent and thickness, their thermal conductivity and their heat
  • DE 10 2005 003 551 A1 discloses a method for hot working and hardening of a steel sheet, in which a steel sheet is heated to a temperature above the Ac 3 point. after cooling to a temperature in the range of 400 ° C to 600 ° C undergoes and is transformed only after reaching this temperature range.
  • this document does not deal with the crack problem or a coating, nor is a martensite formation described.
  • the aim of the invention is the formation of intermediate structures, so-called bainite.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing provided with a corrosion protective layer sheet steel components, in which the cracking is reduced or eliminated and yet sufficient corrosion protection is achieved.
  • the invention is a more favorable way by using the direct method is applied in which a zinc or a zinc alloy coated board heated is reformed and quench hardened after heating.
  • the composition of the steel alloy is adjusted within the usual composition of a manganese boron steel (22MnB5) to perform a quench hardening, and by a delayed transformation of the austenite into martensite the presence of austenite also is achieved at a lower temperature below 780 ° C or lower, so that at the moment in which mechanical stress is introduced by deformation on the steel, which in combination with a molten zinc and austenite would lead to the "liquid metal embrittlement", just no or only very few liquid zinc phases are present.
  • a boron manganese steel adjusted in accordance with the alloying elements without provoking excessive or damaging cracking.
  • the cooling can be done with air nozzles, wherein the control of air nozzles for blowing can be done via pyrometers, which are present for example outside the press and the furnace in a separate plant as well as the corresponding nozzles.
  • the cooling options here are not limited to air nozzles, it can also be used refrigerated tables on which the boards are positioned accordingly, so that the boards come to lie on cooled areas of the table and are brought into heat-conductive contact, for example by pressing or suction.
  • Figure 1 the time-temperature curve during the cooling between
  • Figure 2 the zinc-iron diagram
  • FIG. 3 cross-section of the surface of FIG. 3
  • Figure 4 ZTU diagram with simplified representation of the cooling process.
  • a conventional boron manganese number e.g.
  • the alloying elements boron, manganese, carbon and optionally chromium and molybdenum are used as conversion inhibitors in such steels.
  • Titanium (Ti) 0, 01-0, 08
  • Titanium (Ti) 0, 03-0, 04
  • a holding phase can be provided in the temperature range of the peritectic, so that the solidification of the zinc coating is promoted and advanced before it is subsequently reshaped.
  • FIG. 1 shows a favorable temperature profile for an austenitized steel sheet, wherein it can be seen that after heating to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature by the corresponding introduction into a cooling device, a certain cooling already takes place. This is followed by a rapid intermediate cooling step.
  • the intermediate cooling step is advantageously carried out at cooling rates of at least 15 K / s, preferably at least 30 K / s, more preferably at least 50 K / s.
  • the board is transferred to the press and carried out the forming and curing.
  • FIG. 3 shows the difference in the formation of cracks. Without intermediate cooling cracking occurs, which extends into the steel material, with the intercooling results only superficial cracks in the coating, which are not critical.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a hardened structural steel element comprising a zinc or zinc alloy coating. According to the method, a blank is stamped out from sheet metal that is coated with the zinc or zinc alloy, the stamped-out blank is heated to a temperature ≥Ac3 and optionally held at this temperature for a predetermined time to allow the formation of austenite, and the heated blank is then transferred to a forming tool, is formed in the forming tool and cooled in the forming tool at a rate above the critical quenching rate, thereby being hardened, and the steel material is adjusted to delay conversion such that the steel material is quench-hardened by the conversion of austenite to martensite at a forming temperature in the range of 450°C to 700°C, an active cooling taking place after the conversion and prior to the forming step, the blank or sections of the blank being cooled at a cooling rate of >15K/s.

Description

Verfahren zum Erzeugen gehärteter Bauteile  Method for producing hardened components
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen gehärteter korrosionsgeschützter Bauteile mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. The invention relates to a method for producing hardened corrosion-protected components with the features of claim 1.
Es ist bekannt, dass insbesondere in Automobilen sogenannte pressgehärtete Bauteile aus Stahlblech eingesetzt werden. Diese pressgehärteten Bauteile aus Stahlblech sind hochfeste Bauteile, die insbesondere als Sicherheitsbauteile des Karosseriebereichs verwendet werden. Hierbei ist es durch die Verwendung dieser hochfesten Stahlbauteile möglich, die Materialdicke gegenüber einem normalfesten Stahl zu reduzieren und somit geringe Karosseriegewichte zu erzielen. It is known that especially in automobiles so-called press-hardened components made of sheet steel are used. These press-hardened components made of sheet steel are high-strength components that are used in particular as safety components of the bodywork sector. The use of these high-strength steel components makes it possible to reduce the material thickness compared to a normal-strength steel and thus to achieve low body weights.
Beim Presshärten gibt es grundsätzlich zwei verschiedene Möglichkeiten zur Herstellung derartiger Bauteile. Unterschieden wird in das sogenannte direkte und indirekte Verfahren. In press hardening, there are basically two different ways of producing such components. A distinction is made in the so-called direct and indirect procedure.
Beim direkten Verfahren wird eine Stahlblechplatine über die sogenannten Austenitisierungstemperatur aufgeheizt und gegebenenfalls so lange auf dieser Temperatur gehalten, bis ein gewünschter Austenitisierungsgrad erreicht ist. Anschließend wird diese erhitzte Platine in ein Formwerkzeug überführt und in diesem Formwerkzeug in einem einstufigen Umformschritt zum fertigen Bauteil umgeformt und hierbei durch das gekühlte Formwerkzeug gleichzeitig mit einer Geschwindigkeit, die über der kritischen Härtegeschwindigkeit liegt, abgekühlt. Somit wird das gehärtete Bauteil erzeugt. In the direct method, a sheet steel plate is heated above the so-called austenitizing temperature and, if appropriate, kept at this temperature until a desired degree of austenitization is achieved. Subsequently, this heated board is transferred into a mold and formed in this mold in a one-step forming step to the finished component and thereby by the cooled Mold simultaneously with a speed that is above the critical hardness, cooled. Thus, the hardened component is produced.
Beim indirekten Verfahren wird zunächst, gegebenenfalls in einem mehrstufigen Umformprozess , das Bauteil fast vollständig fertig umgeformt. Dieses umgeformte Bauteil wird anschließend ebenfalls auf eine Temperatur über die Austenitisierungstempe- ratur erhitzt und gegebenenfalls für eine gewünschte erforderliche Zeit auf dieser Temperatur gehalten. In the indirect process, the component is first, if necessary, in a multi-stage forming process, the component formed almost completely finished. This formed component is then also heated to a temperature above the Austenitisierungstempe- temperature and optionally held for a desired time required at this temperature.
Anschließend wird dieses erhitzte Bauteil in ein Formwerkzeug überführt und eingelegt, welches schon die Abmessungen des Bauteils bzw. die Endabmessungen des Bauteils gegebenenfalls unter Berücksichtigung der Wärmedehnung des vorgeformten Bauteils besitzt. Nach dem Schließen des insbesondere gekühlten Werkzeuges wird somit das vorgeformte Bauteil lediglich in diesem Werkzeug mit einer Geschwindigkeit über der kritischen Härtegeschwindigkeit abgekühlt und dadurch gehärtet . Subsequently, this heated component is transferred to a mold and inserted, which already has the dimensions of the component or the final dimensions of the component, where appropriate, taking into account the thermal expansion of the preformed component. After closing the particular cooled tool thus the preformed component is cooled only in this tool at a speed above the critical hardness and hardened thereby.
Das direkte Verfahren ist hierbei etwas einfacher zu realisieren, ermöglicht jedoch nur Formen, die tatsächlich mit einem einzigen Umformschritt zu realisieren sind, d.h. relativ einfache Profilformen. The direct method is somewhat simpler to implement, but allows only shapes that are actually to be realized with a single forming step, i. relatively simple profile shapes.
Das indirekte Verfahren ist etwas aufwendiger, dafür aber in der Lage auch komplexere Formen zu realisieren. The indirect process is a bit more complex, but it is also able to realize more complex shapes.
Zusätzlich zum Bedarf an pressgehärteten Bauteilen entstand der Bedarf, derartige Bauteile nicht aus unbeschichtetem In addition to the need for press-hardened components, the need has arisen for such components not to be uncoated
Stahlblech zu erzeugen, sondern derartige Bauteile mit einer Korrosionsschutzschicht zu versehen. Als Korrosionsschutzschicht kommen im Automobilbau lediglich das eher in geringem Maße verwendete Aluminium oder Aluminiumlegierungen in Frage oder aber die erheblich häufiger verlangten Beschichtungen auf der Basis von Zink. Zink hat hierbei den Vorteil, dass Zink nicht nur eine Barriereschutzschicht wie Aluminium leistet, sondern einen kathodischen Korrosionsschutz. Zudem passen sich zinkbeschichtete pressgehärtete Bauteile besser in das Gesamtkorrosionsschutzkonzept der Fahrzeugkarosserien ein, da diese in heute gängiger Bauweise voll verzinkt sind. Insofern kann Kontaktkorrosion vermindert oder ausgeschlossen werden. To produce steel, but to provide such components with a corrosion protection layer. As a corrosion protection layer, only the aluminum or aluminum alloys that are used to a lesser extent may be used in the automotive industry, or else the coatings based on zinc, which are required much more frequently. Zinc has the advantage here that zinc not only provides a barrier protection layer such as aluminum, but cathodic corrosion protection. In addition, zinc-coated press-hardened components fit better into the overall corrosion protection concept of vehicle bodies, since they are fully galvanized in today's common construction. In this respect, contact corrosion can be reduced or eliminated.
Bei beiden Verfahren konnten jedoch Nachteile aufgefunden werden, die auch im Stand der Technik diskutiert werden. Bei dem direkten Verfahren, d.h. der Warmumformung von presshärtenden Stählen mit Zinkbeschichtung kommt es zu Mikro- (10 μπι bis 100 μπι) oder sogar Makrorissen im Material, wobei die Mikrorisse in der Beschichtung erscheinen und die Makrorisse sogar durch den vollständigen Blechquerschnitt reichen. Derartige Bauteile mit Makrorissen sind für die weitere Verwendung ungeeignet. In both methods, however, disadvantages could be found, which are also discussed in the prior art. In the direct method, i. the hot forming of press-hardening steels with zinc coating micro (10 μπι to 100 μπι) or even macrocracks in the material, the microcracks appear in the coating and the macrocracks even reach through the complete sheet metal cross-section. Such components with macrocracks are unsuitable for further use.
Beim indirekten Prozess, d.h. der Kaltumformung mit einer anschließenden Härtung und Restformung kann es ebenfalls zu Mik- rorissen in der Beschichtung kommen, welche ebenfalls unerwünscht sind, aber bei weitem nicht so ausgeprägt. In the indirect process, i. Cold forming with subsequent hardening and remolding may also result in micro-cracks in the coating, which are also undesirable, but not nearly as pronounced.
Zinkbeschichtete Stähle werden bislang - bis auf ein Bauteil im asiatischen Raum - im direkten Verfahren, d.h. der Warmumformung, nicht eingesetzt. Hier werden vielmehr Stähle mit einer Aluminium-Silizium-Beschichtung eingesetzt. Zinc-coated steels are currently - with the exception of one component in the Asian region - in the direct process, i. hot forming, not used. Instead, steels with an aluminum-silicon coating are used here.
Einen Überblick erhält man in der Veröffentlichung "Corrosion resistance of different metallic coatings on press hardened steels for automotive", Arcelor Mittal Maiziere Automotive Product Research Center F-57283 Maiziere-Les-Mez . In dieser Veröffentlichung wird ausgeführt, dass es für den Warmumform- prozess einen aluminierten Bor-Mangan-Stahl gibt, der unter dem Namen Usibor 1500P kommerziell vertrieben wird. Zudem werden zum Zwecke des kathodischen Korrosionsschutzes zinkvorbe- schichtete Stähle für das Warmumformverfahren vertrieben, nämlich der verzinkte Usibor Gl mit einer Zinkbeschichtung, die geringe Anteile von Aluminium enthält und ein sogenannter gal- vanealed beschichteter Usibor GA, der eine Zinkschicht mit 10 % Eisen enthält. An overview can be found in the publication "Corrosion resistance of different metallic coatings on press hardened steels for automotive", Arcelor Mittal Maiziere Automotive Product Research Center F-57283 Maiziere-Les-Mez. In this publication, it is stated that there is an aluminized boron-manganese steel commercially available under the name Usibor 1500P for the hot-forming process. In addition, for the purposes of cathodic protection against corrosion, zinc-coated steels are sold for the hot forming process, namely the zinc-plated Usibor Gl with a zinc coating containing small amounts of aluminum and a so-called galvealed-coated Usibor GA containing a zinc layer with 10% iron.
Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass das Zink-Eisen-Phasendiagramm zeigt, dass oberhalb von 782°C ein großer Bereich entsteht, in dem flüssige Zink-Eisen-Phasen auftreten, solange der Eisengehalt gering, insbesondere geringer als 60 % ist. Dies ist jedoch auch der Temperaturbereich, in dem der austenitisierte Stahl warm umgeformt wird. Es wird aber auch darauf hingewiesen, dass, wenn die Umformung oberhalb von 782°C stattfindet, ein großes Risiko der Spannungskorrosion durch flüssiges Zink besteht, welches vermutlich in die Korngrenzen des Basisstahls eindringt, welche zu Makrorissen im Basisstahl führt. Darüber hinaus ist bei Eisengehalten geringer als 30 % in der Beschichtung die Maximaltemperatur zum Umformen eines sicheren Produkts ohne Makrorisse niedriger als 782°C. Dies ist der Grund, warum hiermit kein direktes Umformverfahren betrieben wird, sondern dass indirekte Umformverfahren. Hiermit soll das geschilderte Problem umgangen werden. It should be noted that the zinc-iron phase diagram shows that above 782 ° C, a large area arises in which liquid zinc-iron phases occur as long as the iron content is low, in particular less than 60%. However, this is also the temperature range in which the austenitized steel is thermoformed. It should also be noted, however, that if the deformation occurs above 782 ° C, there is a great risk of stress corrosion by liquid zinc, which is believed to penetrate the grain boundaries of the base steel, resulting in macrocracks in the base steel. In addition, with iron levels less than 30% in the coating, the maximum temperature for forming a safe product with no macrocracks is less than 782 ° C. This is the reason why hereby no direct forming process is operated, but that indirect forming process. This is intended to circumvent the problem described.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit dieses Problem zu umgehen, soll darin liegen, galvannealed beschichteten Stahl zu verwenden, was daran liegt, dass der zu Beginn schon bestehende Eisengehalt von 10 % und die Abwesenheit einer Fe2Al5-Sperrschicht zu einer homogeneren Ausbildung des Beschichtung von überwiegend eisen- reichen Phasen führt. Dies resultiert in einer Verringerung oder Vermeidung von zinkreichen, flüssigen Phasen. Another way around this problem is to use galvannealed coated steel, which is due to the fact that the already existing iron content of 10% and the absence of an Fe 2 Al 5 barrier layer to a more homogeneous coating of predominantly iron- rich phases leads. This results in a reduction or avoidance of zinc rich, liquid phases.
In "'STUDY OF CRACKS PROPAGATION INSIDE THE STEEL ON PRESS HARDENED STEEL ZINC BASED COATINGS ' , Pascal Drillet, Raisa Grigorieva, Gregory Leuillier, Thomas Vietoris, 8th International Conference on Zinc and Zinc Alloy Coated Steel Sheet, GALVATECH 2011 - Conference Proceedings, Genova (Italy), 2011" wird darauf hingewiesen, dass verzinkte Bleche im direkten Verfahren nicht verarbeitbar sind. In '' STUDY OF CRACKS PROPAGATION INSIDE THE STEEL ON PRESS HARDENED STEEL ZINC BASED COATINGS ', Pascal Drillet, Raisa Grigorieva, Gregory Leuillier, Thomas Vietoris, 8th International Conference on Zinc and Zinc Alloy Coated Steel Sheet, GALVATECH 2011 - Conference Proceedings, Genova (Italy), 2011 "it is noted that galvanized sheets are not processable by direct process.
Aus der EP 1 439 240 Bl ist ein Verfahren zum Warmumformen eines beschichteten Stahlproduktes bekannt, wobei das Stahlmaterial eine Zink- oder Zinklegierungsbeschichtung aufweist, die auf der Oberfläche des Stahlmaterials ausgebildet ist und das Stahlbasismaterial mit der Beschichtung auf einen Temperatur von 700°C bis 1000°C erwärmt und warm umgeformt wird, wobei die Beschichtung eine Oxidschicht besitzt, die hauptsächlich aus Zinkoxid besteht, bevor das Stahlbasismaterial mit der Zink- oder Zinklegierungsschicht erwärmt wird, um dann ein Verdampfen des Zinks beim Erwärmen zu verhindern. Hierfür wird ein spezieller Verfahrensablauf vorgesehen. From EP 1 439 240 B1 a method for hot forming a coated steel product is known, wherein the steel material has a zinc or zinc alloy coating formed on the surface of the steel material and the steel base material with the coating at a temperature of 700 ° C to 1000 Is heated and hot-formed, the coating having an oxide layer consisting mainly of zinc oxide before the steel base material is heated with the zinc or zinc alloy layer, to prevent evaporation of the zinc upon heating. For this purpose, a special procedure is provided.
Aus der EP 1 642 991 Bl ist ein Verfahren zum Warmumformen eines Stahles bekannt, bei dem ein Bauteil aus einem gegebenen Bor-Mangan-Stahl auf eine Temperatur am Ac3-Punkt oder höher erhitzt wird, bei dieser Temperatur gehalten wird und dann das erhitzte Stahlblech zum fertigen Bauteil umgeformt wird, wobei das geformte Bauteil durch Kühlung von der Formgebungstemperatur während des Formens oder nach dem Formen in einer solchen Weise abgeschreckt wird, dass die Abkühlrate zum MS-Punkt zumindest der kritischen Abkühlrate entspricht und dass die durchschnittliche Abkühlrate des geformten Bauteils vom MS- Punkt zu 200°C sich im Bereich von 25°C/s bis 150°C/s befindet . From EP 1 642 991 B1 a method for hot forming a steel is known in which a component made of a given boron-manganese steel is heated to a temperature at the Ac 3 point or higher, kept at this temperature and then heated Steel sheet is formed into the finished component, wherein the molded component is quenched by cooling from the molding temperature during molding or after molding in such a manner that the cooling rate to MS point at least the critical cooling rate and that the average cooling rate of the molded component from the MS Point at 200 ° C is in the range of 25 ° C / s to 150 ° C / s.
Aus der EP 1 651 789 Bl der Anmelderin ist ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von gehärteten Bauteilen aus Stahlblech bekannt, wobei hierbei Formteile aus einem mit einem kathodischen Korrosionsschutz versehenen Stahlblech kalt umgeformt werden und eine Wärmebehandlung zum Zwecke der Austenitisierung folgt, wobei vor, beim oder nach dem Kaltumformen des Formteils ein Endbeschnitt des Formteils und erforderliche Ausstanzungen oder die Erzeugung eines Lochbildes vorgenommen werden und die Kaltumformung sowie der Beschnitt und die Ausstanzung und Anordnung des Lochbildes auf dem Bauteil 0,5 % bis 2 % kleiner ausgeführt werden als die Dimensionen, die das endgehärtete Bauteil haben soll, wobei das zur Wärmebehandlung kalt umgeformte Formteil anschließend zumindest teilbereichsweise unter Zutritt von LuftSauerstoff auf eine Temperatur erhitzt wird, welche eine Austenitisierung des Stahlwerkstoffes ermöglicht und das erhitzte Bauteil anschließend in ein Werkzeug überführt wird und in diesem Werkzeug eine sogenannte Formhärtung durchgeführt wird, bei der durch das Anlegen und Pressen (Halten) des Bauteils durch die Formhärtewerkzeuge das Bauteil gekühlt und dadurch gehärtet wird und die kathodische Korrosi- onsschut zbeschichtung aus einer Mischung aus im Wesentlichen Zink besteht und zudem ein oder mehrere Sauerstoffäffine Elemente. Hierdurch wird an der Oberfläche der Korrosionsschut z- beschichtung eine Oxidhaut aus den Sauerstoffäffinen Elementen während des Aufheizens gebildet, welche die kathodische Korrosionsschutzschicht, insbesondere die Zinkschicht, schützt. Zudem wird bei dem Verfahren durch die maßstäbliche Verkleinerung des Bauteils in Bezug auf seine Endgeometrie die Wärmedehnung des Bauteils berücksichtigt, so dass beim Formhärten weder eine Kalibrierung noch eine Umformung notwendig sind. Aus der WO 2010/109012 AI der Anmelderin ist ein Verfahren zum Herstellen partiell gehärteter Stahlbauteile bekannt, wobei eine Platine aus einem härtbaren Stahlblech einer Temperaturerhöhung unterworfen wird, welche für eine Abschreckhärtung ausreicht und die Platine nach Erreichen einer gewünschten Temperatur und gegebenenfalls einer gewünschten Haltezeit in ein Umformwerkzeug überführt wird, indem die Platine zu einem Bauteil umgeformt und gleichzeitig abgeschreckt gehärtet wird, oder die Platine kalt umgeformt wird und das durch die kalte Umformung erhaltene Bauteil anschließend einer Temperaturerhöhung unterzogen wird, wobei die Temperaturerhöhung so durchgeführt wird, dass eine Temperatur des Bauteils erreicht wird, die für eine Abschreckhärtung notwendig ist und das Bauteil anschließend in ein Werkzeug überführt wird, in dem das erhitzte Bauteil abgekühlt und dadurch abgeschreckt gehärtet wird, wobei während des Erhitzens der Platine oder des Bauteils zum Zwecke der Temperaturerhöhung auf eine zum Härten notwendige Temperatur in den Bereichen, die eine geringere Härte und/oder eine höhere Duktilität besitzen sollen, Absorptionsmassen anliegen oder mit einem geringen Spalt beabstandet sind, wobei die Absorptionsmasse bezüglich ihrer Ausdehnung und Dicke, ihrer Wärmeleitfähigkeit und ihrer Wärmekapazität und/oder hinsichtlich ihres Emissionsgrades gerade so dimensioniert sind, dass die in dem duktil verbleibendem Bereich auf das Bauteil einwirkende Wärmeenergie durch das Bauteil hin durch in die Absorptionsmasse fließt, so dass diese Bereiche kühler bleiben und insbesondere die zum Härten notwendige Temperatur gerade nicht oder nur teilweise erreichen, so dass diese Bereiche nicht oder nur teilweise gehärtet werden können . The applicant's EP 1 651 789 B1 discloses a method for producing hardened components from sheet steel, in which case shaped parts are cold-formed from a steel sheet provided with a cathodic protection against corrosion and followed by a heat treatment for the purpose of austenitizing, before, during or after the cold forming of the molding, a final trimming of the molding and required punching or the creation of a hole pattern are made and the cold forming and the trimming and the punching and arrangement of the hole pattern on the component 0.5% to 2% smaller than the dimensions that the should then have hardened component, wherein the cold-formed for heat treatment molding is then at least partially heated under the access of air oxygen to a temperature which allows Austenitisierung the steel material and the heated component is then transferred to a tool and in the The tool is a so-called mold hardening carried out in which by applying and pressing (holding) of the component by the mold hardening tools, the component is cooled and thereby hardened and the cathodic protection zs coating consists of a mixture of substantially zinc and also one or more Oxygenated elements. As a result, an oxide skin is formed on the surface of the anti-corrosion coating from the oxygen-affine elements during the heating, which protects the cathodic anti-corrosion layer, in particular the zinc layer. In addition, the process by the scale reduction of the component with respect to its final geometry, the thermal expansion of the component is taken into account, so that neither a calibration nor a transformation are necessary in the form of hardening. From the applicant WO 2010/109012 AI a method for producing partially hardened steel components is known, wherein a board made of a hardenable steel sheet is subjected to a temperature increase, which is sufficient for quenching and the board after reaching a desired temperature and optionally a desired hold time in a forming tool is converted by the board is formed into a component and simultaneously quenched, or cold formed the board and the component obtained by the cold forming is then subjected to a temperature increase, wherein the temperature increase is performed so that a temperature of the component is achieved, which is necessary for a quench hardening and the component is then transferred to a tool in which the heated component is cooled and thereby quenched hardened, wherein during the heating of the board or the component to Z raise the temperature increase to a temperature necessary for curing in the areas which are to have a lower hardness and / or a higher ductility, absorption masses or are spaced with a small gap, the absorption mass with respect to their extent and thickness, their thermal conductivity and their heat capacity and / or are just dimensioned in terms of their emissivity so that the heat energy acting on the component in the ductile flowing through the component flows through in the absorption mass, so that these areas remain cooler and especially not necessary for curing temperature just or only partially reach, so that these areas can not or only partially cured.
Aus der DE 10 2005 003 551 AI ist ein Verfahren zur Warmumformung und Härtung eines Stahlblechs bekannt, bei dem ein Stahlblech auf eine Temperatur über den Ac3-Punkt erwärmt wird, da- nach eine Abkühlung auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 400 °C bis 600°C erfährt und erst nach Erreichen dieses Temperaturbereichs umgeformt wird. Diese Schrift geht allerdings nicht auf die Rissproblematik bzw. eine Beschichtung ein, noch wird eine Martensitbildung beschrieben. Ziel der Erfindung ist die Bildung von Zwischengefüge, sogenanntem Bainit . DE 10 2005 003 551 A1 discloses a method for hot working and hardening of a steel sheet, in which a steel sheet is heated to a temperature above the Ac 3 point. after cooling to a temperature in the range of 400 ° C to 600 ° C undergoes and is transformed only after reaching this temperature range. However, this document does not deal with the crack problem or a coating, nor is a martensite formation described. The aim of the invention is the formation of intermediate structures, so-called bainite.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von mit einer Korrosionsschutzschicht versehenen Stahlblechbauteilen zu schaffen, bei dem die Rissbildung vermindert oder beseitigt wird und dennoch ein ausreichender Korrosionsschutz erzielt wird. The object of the invention is to provide a method for producing provided with a corrosion protective layer sheet steel components, in which the cracking is reduced or eliminated and yet sufficient corrosion protection is achieved.
Die Aufgabe wird mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. The object is achieved with the features of claim 1.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet . Advantageous developments are characterized in the subclaims.
Der vorbeschriebene Effekt der Rissbildung durch flüssiges Zink, welches den Stahl im Bereich der Korngrenzen penetriert, ist auch als sogenanntes "liquid metal embrittlement " oder "liquid metal assisted cracking" bekannt. The above-described effect of liquid zinc cracking, which penetrates the steel in the region of the grain boundaries, is also known as so-called "liquid metal embrittlement" or "liquid metal assisted cracking".
Im Gegensatz zur im Stand der Technik eingeschlagenen Richtung, wegen des "liquid metal embrittlements " das indirekte Verfahren auch bei einfachen Geometrien vorzusehen, geht die Erfindung einen günstigeren Weg indem das direkte Verfahren Anwendung findet, bei dem eine mit Zink oder einer Zinklegierung beschichtete Platine aufgeheizt wird und nach dem Aufheizen umgeformt und abschreckgehärtet wird. In contrast to the direction taken in the prior art, because of the "liquid metal embrittlements" to provide the indirect method even with simple geometries, the invention is a more favorable way by using the direct method is applied in which a zinc or a zinc alloy coated board heated is reformed and quench hardened after heating.
Wie erfindungsgemäß erkannt wurde darf möglichst keine Zinkschmelze mit Austenit während der Umformphase, also dem Eintrag von Spannung, in Berührung kommen. Erfindungsgemäß wird daher vorgesehen, die Umformung unter der peritektischen Temperatur des Systems Eisen-Zink (Schmelze, Ferrit, Gamma-Phase) durchzuführen. Um hierbei eine Abschreckhärtung noch gewährleisten zu können wird die Zusammensetzung der Stahllegierung im Rahmen der üblichen Zusammensetzung eines Mangan-Borstahles (22MnB5) so eingestellt, dass eine Abschreckhärtung durchgeführt, und dabei durch eine verzögerte Umwandlung des Auste- nits in Martensit das Vorhandensein von Austenit auch bei der tieferen Temperatur unterhalb von 780°C oder tiefer erreicht wird, so dass in dem Moment in dem mechanische Spannung durch Umformung auf den Stahl eingebracht wird, welche in Verbindung mit einer Zinkschmelze und Austenit zum "liquid metal embritt- lement" führen würde, eben keine oder nur noch sehr wenige flüssige Zinkphasen vorhanden sind. Somit gelingt es mittels eines entsprechend der Legierungselemente eingestellten Bor- Manganstahls eine ausreichende Abschreckhärtung zu erzielen ohne eine übermäßige oder schädigende Rissbildung zu provozieren . As has been recognized according to the invention, no molten zinc may be allowed to come into contact with austenite during the forming phase, ie the introduction of stress. According to the invention Therefore, it is planned to carry out the transformation below the peritectic temperature of the iron-zinc system (melt, ferrite, gamma-phase). In order to be able to guarantee a quench hardening, the composition of the steel alloy is adjusted within the usual composition of a manganese boron steel (22MnB5) to perform a quench hardening, and by a delayed transformation of the austenite into martensite the presence of austenite also is achieved at a lower temperature below 780 ° C or lower, so that at the moment in which mechanical stress is introduced by deformation on the steel, which in combination with a molten zinc and austenite would lead to the "liquid metal embrittlement", just no or only very few liquid zinc phases are present. Thus, it is possible to achieve sufficient quench hardening by means of a boron manganese steel adjusted in accordance with the alloying elements without provoking excessive or damaging cracking.
Insbesondere kann die Kühlung mit Luftdüsen erfolgen, wobei die Steuerung von Luftdüsen zum Anblasen über Pyrometer erfolgen kann, die beispielsweise außerhalb der Presse und des Ofens in einer gesonderten Anlage ebenso wie die entsprechenden Düsen vorhanden sind. In particular, the cooling can be done with air nozzles, wherein the control of air nozzles for blowing can be done via pyrometers, which are present for example outside the press and the furnace in a separate plant as well as the corresponding nozzles.
Die Kühlmöglichkeiten sind hierbei nicht auf Luftdüsen beschränkt, es können auch gekühlte Tische verwendet werden auf denen die Platinen entsprechend positioniert werden, so dass die Platinen auf abgekühlten Bereichen des Tisches zu liegen kommen und beispielsweise durch Aufdrücken oder Ansaugen in wärmeleitenden Kontakt gebracht werden. The cooling options here are not limited to air nozzles, it can also be used refrigerated tables on which the boards are positioned accordingly, so that the boards come to lie on cooled areas of the table and are brought into heat-conductive contact, for example by pressing or suction.
Auch der Einsatz einer Kühlpresse ist denkbar, bei der die Pressengeometrie durch die ebenen Platinen denkbar einfach und günstig ist, wobei die Bereiche des Werkzeugs in denen die Platine abgekühlt werden soll entsprechend flüssig gekühlt sind. Vollflächig aufgeheizte Platinen können in entsprechenden Einrichtungen somit vollflächig abgekühlt werden, wobei die vollflächige Abkühlung sowohl über die beschriebenen Tische als auch über die beschriebenen Zwischenpressen als auch über einfaches Ansprühen, Anblasen oder Eintauchen erfolgen kann . The use of a cooling press is conceivable in which the press geometry by the planar boards conceivable simple and is favorable, wherein the areas of the tool in which the board should be cooled according to liquid cooled. Fully heated platens can thus be cooled over the entire area in corresponding devices, wherein the full-scale cooling can be done both on the tables described as well as the described intermediate presses as well as simple spraying, blowing or dipping.
Die Erfindung wird anhand einer Zeichnung erläutert, es zeigen dabei : The invention will be explained with reference to a drawing, in which:
Figur 1: die Zeit-Temperaturkurve bei der Abkühlung zwischen Figure 1: the time-temperature curve during the cooling between
Ofen und Umformung;  Furnace and forming;
Figur 2: das Zink-Eisen-Diagramm; Figure 2: the zinc-iron diagram;
Figur 3: Querschnittschliffdarstellungen der Oberfläche von FIG. 3: cross-section of the surface of FIG
Proben mit und ohne Zwischenkühlung;  Samples with and without intermediate cooling;
Figur 4: ZTU-Schaubild mit vereinfachter Darstellung des Abkühlverlaufs . Figure 4: ZTU diagram with simplified representation of the cooling process.
Erfindungsgemäß wird ein üblicher Bor-Manganstahl (z.B. In the present invention, a conventional boron manganese number (e.g.
22MnB5) zur Verwendung als presshärtender Stahlwerkstoff bezüglich der Umwandlung des Austenits in andere Phasen so eingestellt, dass sich die Umwandlung in tiefere Bereiche verschiebt und Martensit gebildet werden kann. 22MnB5) for use as a press-hardening steel material in terms of converting the austenite to other phases so that the transformation shifts to deeper areas and martensite can be formed.
Für die Erfindung sind somit Stähle dieser Legierungs Zusammensetzung geeignet (alle Angaben in Masse-%) : Steels of this alloy composition are therefore suitable for the invention (all figures in% by mass):
C Si Mn P S AI Cr Ti B N 0,22 0,19 1,22 0,0066 0,001 0,053 0,26 0,031 0,0025 0,0042 Rest Eisen und erschmel zungsbedingte Verunreinigungen C Si Mn PS AI Cr Ti BN 0.22 0.19 1.22 0.0066 0.001 0.053 0.26 0.031 0.0025 0.0042 remainder iron and impurities caused by melting
Wobei als Umwandlungsverzögerer in derartigen Stählen insbesondere die Legierungselemente Bor, Mangan, Kohlenstoff und optional Chrom und Molybdän verwendet werden. In particular, the alloying elements boron, manganese, carbon and optionally chromium and molybdenum are used as conversion inhibitors in such steels.
Für die Erfindung sind auch Stähle der allgemeinen Legierungszusammensetzung geeignet (alle Angaben in Masse-%) : Steels of the general alloy composition are also suitable for the invention (all figures in% by mass):
Kohlenstoff (C) 0 08-0,6 Carbon (C) 0 08-0.6
Mangan (Mn) 0,8-3,0 Manganese (Mn) 0.8-3.0
Aluminium (AI) 0, 01-0, 07 Aluminum (AI) 0, 01-0, 07
Silizium (Si) 0, 01-0,5 Silicon (Si) 0, 01-0.5
Chrom (Cr) 0,02-0,6 Chromium (Cr) 0.02-0.6
Titan (Ti) 0, 01-0, 08 Titanium (Ti) 0, 01-0, 08
Stickstoff (N) < 0,02 Nitrogen (N) <0.02
Bor (B) 0,002-0,02 Boron (B) 0.002-0.02
Phosphor (P) < 0,01 Phosphorus (P) <0.01
Schwefel (S) < 0,01 Sulfur (S) <0.01
Molybdän (Mo) < 1 Molybdenum (Mo) <1
Rest Eisen und erschmel zungsbedingte Verunreinigungen  Remaining iron and impurities due to melting
Insbesondere als geeignet erwiesen haben sich Stahlanordnungen wie folgt (alle Angaben in Masse-%) : Steel arrangements have been found to be particularly suitable as follows (all figures in% by mass):
Kohlenstoff (C) 0,08-0,30 Carbon (C) 0.08-0.30
Mangan (Mn) 1, 00-3, 00 Manganese (Mn) 1, 00-3, 00
Aluminium (AI) 0, 03-0, 06 Aluminum (AI) 0, 03-0, 06
Silizium (Si) 0, 01-0,20 Silicon (Si) 0, 01-0,20
Chrom (Cr) 0,02-0,3 Chromium (Cr) 0.02-0.3
Titan (Ti) 0, 03-0, 04 Titanium (Ti) 0, 03-0, 04
Stickstoff (N) < 0, 007 Nitrogen (N) <0. 007
Bor (B) 0,002-0,006 Boron (B) 0.002-0.006
Phosphor (P) < 0,01 Schwefel (S) < 0,01 Phosphorus (P) <0.01 Sulfur (S) <0.01
Molybdän (Mo) < 1  Molybdenum (Mo) <1
Rest Eisen und erschmel zungsbedingte Verunreinigungen  Remaining iron and impurities due to melting
Durch die Einstellung der als Umwandlungsverzögerer wirkenden Legierungselemente wird eine Abschreckhärtung, d. h. eine rasche Abkühlung mit einer über der kritischen Härtegeschwindigkeit liegenden Abkühlgeschwindigkeit auch noch unter 780°C sicher erreicht. Dies bedeutet, dass in diesem Fall unterhalb des Peritektikums des Systems Zink-Eisen gearbeitet wird, d. h. erst unterhalb des Peritektikums mechanische Spannung aufgebracht wird. Dies bedeutet ferner, dass in dem Moment in dem mechanische Spannung aufgebracht wird, keine flüssigen Zinkphasen mehr vorhanden sind welche mit dem Austenit in Kontakt kommen können. By adjusting the alloying elements acting as conversion retarders, quench hardening, i. H. a rapid cooling with a cooling rate above the critical curing speed even under 780 ° C safely reached. This means that in this case, below the peritectic system of the zinc-iron system is used, i. H. only below the peritectic mechanical stress is applied. This also means that the moment in which mechanical stress is applied, there are no longer any liquid zinc phases which can come into contact with the austenite.
Zudem kann nach dem Aufheizen der Platine erfindungsgemäß im Temperaturbereich des Peritektikums eine Haltephase vorgesehen sein, so dass die Erstarrung der Zinkbeschichtung gefördert und vorangetrieben wird bevor anschließend umgeformt wird. In addition, according to the invention, after the board has been heated, a holding phase can be provided in the temperature range of the peritectic, so that the solidification of the zinc coating is promoted and advanced before it is subsequently reshaped.
In Figur 1 erkennt man einen günstigen Temperaturverlauf für ein austenitisiertes Stahlblech, wobei erkennbar ist, dass nach dem Aufheizen auf eine Temperatur über der Austenitisie- rungstemperatur durch das entsprechende Verbringen in eine Kühleinrichtung bereits eine gewisse Abkühlung stattfindet. Anschließend folgt ein rascher Zwischenkühlschritt . Der Zwi- schenkühlschritt wird vorteilhafterweise mit Abkühlgeschwindigkeiten mit mindestens 15 K/s, vorzugsweise mindestens 30 K/s, weiter bevorzugt mindestens 50 K/s durchgeführt. Anschließend wird die Platine in die Presse transferiert und die Umformung und Härtung durchgeführt. In Figur 3 erkennt man den Unterschied in der Rissbildung. Ohne Zwischenkühlung erfolgt eine Rissbildung, die bis in das Stahlmaterial reicht, mit der Zwischenkühlung ergeben sich lediglich oberflächliche Risse in der Beschichtung, die jedoch unkritisch sind. FIG. 1 shows a favorable temperature profile for an austenitized steel sheet, wherein it can be seen that after heating to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature by the corresponding introduction into a cooling device, a certain cooling already takes place. This is followed by a rapid intermediate cooling step. The intermediate cooling step is advantageously carried out at cooling rates of at least 15 K / s, preferably at least 30 K / s, more preferably at least 50 K / s. Subsequently, the board is transferred to the press and carried out the forming and curing. FIG. 3 shows the difference in the formation of cracks. Without intermediate cooling cracking occurs, which extends into the steel material, with the intercooling results only superficial cracks in the coating, which are not critical.
Mit der Erfindung gelingt es somit, zuverlässig ein kostengünstiges Warmumformverfahren für mit Zink oder Zinklegierungen beschichteter Stahlbleche zu erreichen bei dem einerseits eine Abschreckhärtung herbeigeführt wird und andererseits Mik- ro- und Makrorissbildung, die zu Bauteilschäden führt, vermindert oder vermieden wird. Thus, with the invention, it is possible to reliably achieve a cost-effective hot forming process for steel sheets coated with zinc or zinc alloys in which, on the one hand, a quench hardening is brought about and, on the other hand, reduced or avoided micro- and macrocracking, which leads to component damage.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
Verfahren zum Herstellen eines gehärteten Stahlbauteils mit einer Beschichtung aus Zink oder einer Zinklegierung, wobei aus einem mit dem Zink oder der Zinklegierung beschichteten Blech eine Platine ausgestanzt wird, die ausgestanzte Platine auf eine Temperatur ^Ac3 erhitzt und ggf. bei dieser Temperatur für eine vorbestimmte Zeit gehalten wird um die Austenitbildung durchzuführen und anschließend die aufgeheizte Platine in ein Formwerkzeug überführt wird, in dem Formwerkzeug umgeformt wird und in dem Formwerkzeug mit einer Geschwindigkeit, die über der kritischen Härtegeschwindigkeit liegt, abgekühlt und dadurch gehärtet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stahlwerkstoff derart umwandlungsverzögert eingestellt ist, dass bei einer Umformtemperatur die im Bereich von 450°C bis 700°C liegt, eine Abschreckhärtung durch Umwandlung des Austenits in Martensit stattfindet, wobei nach dem Erhitzen und vor dem Umformen ein aktives Kühlen stattfindet, bei dem die Platine oder Teile der Platine mit einer Abkühlgeschwindigkeit >15K/s abgekühlt wird. A method for producing a hardened steel component with a coating of zinc or a zinc alloy, wherein from a sheet coated with the zinc or zinc alloy sheet a blank is punched, the punched board heated to a temperature ^ Ac3 and optionally at this temperature for a predetermined time is held to perform the austenite formation and then the heated board is transferred to a mold, is formed in the mold and cooled in the mold at a rate that is above the critical hardness, and thereby hardened, characterized in that the steel material such delayed conversion is set, that at a forming temperature in the range of 450 ° C to 700 ° C, a quench hardening takes place by converting the austenite into martensite, wherein after heating and before forming an active cooling takes place, in which the board or T The board is cooled at a cooling rate> 15K / s.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stahlwerkstoff als Umwandlungsverzögerer die Elemente Bor, Mangan und Kohlenstoff und optional Chrom und Molybdän enthält . Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Stahlwerkstoff mit folgender Analyse verwendet wird (alle Angaben in Masse-%) : A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the steel material contains as conversion retarders the elements boron, manganese and carbon and optionally chromium and molybdenum. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a steel material is used with the following analysis (all figures in% by mass):
Kohlenstoff (C) 0,08-0,6 Carbon (C) 0.08-0.6
Mangan (Mn) 0,8-3,0  Manganese (Mn) 0.8-3.0
Aluminium (AI) 0, 01-0, 07  Aluminum (AI) 0, 01-0, 07
Silizium (Si) 0, 01-0,5  Silicon (Si) 0, 01-0.5
Chrom (Cr) 0,02-0,6  Chromium (Cr) 0.02-0.6
Titan (Ti) 0,01-0,08  Titanium (Ti) 0.01-0.08
Stickstoff (N) < 0,02  Nitrogen (N) <0.02
Bor (B) 0,002-0,02  Boron (B) 0.002-0.02
Phosphor (P) < 0,01  Phosphorus (P) <0.01
Schwefel (S) < 0,01  Sulfur (S) <0.01
Molybdän (Mo) < 1  Molybdenum (Mo) <1
Rest Eisen und erschmel gsbedingte Verunreinigungen  Remaining iron and impurities due to melting
Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Stahlwerkstoff mit folgender Analyse verwendet wird (alle Angaben in Masse-%) : A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a steel material is used with the following analysis (all figures in% by mass):
Kohlenstoff (C) 0,08-0,30 Carbon (C) 0.08-0.30
Mangan (Mn) 1, 00-3, 00  Manganese (Mn) 1, 00-3, 00
Aluminium (AI) 0, 03-0, 06  Aluminum (AI) 0, 03-0, 06
Silizium (Si) 0, 01-0,20  Silicon (Si) 0, 01-0,20
Chrom (Cr) 0,02-0,3  Chromium (Cr) 0.02-0.3
Titan (Ti) 0, 03-0, 04  Titanium (Ti) 0, 03-0, 04
Stickstoff (N) < 0, 007  Nitrogen (N) <0. 007
Bor (B) 0,002-0,006  Boron (B) 0.002-0.006
Phosphor (P) < 0,01  Phosphorus (P) <0.01
Schwefel (S) < 0,01  Sulfur (S) <0.01
Molybdän (Mo) < 1  Molybdenum (Mo) <1
Rest Eisen und erschmel zungsbedingte Verunreinigungen Remaining iron and impurities due to melting
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Platine in einem Ofen auf eine Temperatur >Ac3 aufgeheizt wird und für eine vorbestimmte Zeit gehalten wird und anschließend die Platine auf eine Temperatur zwischen 500°C und 600°C abgekühlt wird, um eine Verfestigung der Zinkschicht zu erzielen und anschließend in das Formwerkzeug überführt und dort umgeformt wird. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the board is heated in an oven to a temperature> Ac3 and is held for a predetermined time and then the board is cooled to a temperature between 500 ° C and 600 ° C, to achieve a solidification of the zinc layer and then transferred to the mold and formed there.
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die aktive Kühlung so durchgeführt wird, dass die Abkühlrate >30 K/s beträgt. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the active cooling is performed so that the cooling rate is> 30 K / s.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die aktive Kühlung so durchgeführt wird, dass die Abkühlung mit mehr als 50 K/s stattfindet. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the active cooling is carried out so that the cooling takes place at more than 50 K / s.
8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die aktive Kühlung durch Anblasen mit Luft oder Gas, Ansprühen mit Wasser oder anderen Kühlflüssigkeiten, Eintauchen in Wasser oder andere Kühlflüssigkeiten erfolgt oder die aktive Kühlungdurch das Anlegen von kühleren Festkörpern an die Platine bewirkt wird. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the active cooling by blowing with air or gas, spraying with water or other cooling liquids, immersion in water or other cooling liquids or causes the active cooling by the application of cooler solids to the board becomes.
9. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kühlungsfortschritt und/oder die Einlegetemperatur in das Umformwerkzeug mittels Sensoren, insbesondere Pyrometern überwacht und die Kühlung entsprechend gesteuert wird. 9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cooling progress and / or the insertion temperature is monitored in the forming tool by means of sensors, in particular pyrometers and the cooling is controlled accordingly.
EP11811025.3A 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Method for producing hardened structural elements Active EP2655675B1 (en)

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DE102010056265.3A DE102010056265C5 (en) 2010-12-24 2010-12-24 Process for producing hardened components
DE102010056264.5A DE102010056264C5 (en) 2010-12-24 2010-12-24 Process for producing hardened components
DE102011053939.5A DE102011053939B4 (en) 2011-09-26 2011-09-26 Method for producing hardened components
DE102011053941.7A DE102011053941B4 (en) 2011-09-26 2011-09-26 Method for producing hardened components with regions of different hardness and / or ductility
PCT/EP2011/073880 WO2012085247A2 (en) 2010-12-24 2011-12-22 Method for producing hardened structural elements

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